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【热点·重点·难点】专练（上海专用）
重难点14 首字母填空解题技巧（解析版）
（建议用时：30分钟）
上海市五年中考试卷首字母填空考查要点统计发现
考查重点是名词、动词、形容词、副词和代词这几大词类。
1.跳过空格，通读短文，了解大意。
2.复读短文，确定语义，判断句子成分。
3.判断空格单词在句子成分里的词性，缩小范围。
4.联系上下文，找关键信息推测出答案。
5.通读短文，检查答案。注意时态，语法，以及词性等问题。
一、短文首字母填空
（2022春·上海浦东新·九年级上海市进才中学校考期中）
Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给）
Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给）
This year some twenty-three teenagers from all over the world will spend about ten months in US homes. They will attend USA schools, meet US teenagers, and form impressions of the r 1 America. At the same time, about thirteen hundred American teenagers will go to other countries to learn new languages and gain a new understanding of the rest of the world.
Here is a two-way student e 2 in action. Fred, a boy of nineteen, spent last year in Germany with George’s family. In turn, George’s son Mike spent a year in Fred’s home in America.
Fred, a lively young man, knew little German when he arrived, but after two months’ study, the language began to come to him. School was completely different from what he expected—much h 3 . Students took fourteen subjects instead of the six that are usual in the United States. There were a 4 no outside activities.
Family life too, was different. The father’s word was law, and all activities were around the family not a certain member of the family. Fred found the food too simple at first. Also, he m 5 having a car.
“Back home, you pick up some friends in a car and go out and have a good time. In Germany, you w 6 , but you soon learn to like it.”
At the same time in America, Mike, a friendly German boy, was also forming his idea. “I suppose the lessons in American schools are too easy by our l 7 ,” he says. “But I have to say that I like it very much. In Germany we do nothing but study. Here we take part in many outside activities. I think that maybe your schools are better at training for citizens.” There ought to be some middle ground between the two.
（2023·上海静安·统考一模）
Fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给)
Fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给)
Travel Alone
I am so excited. Also a little nervous! I am off on a trip on my own. Yes! Alone! I am feeling so brave and can’t wait to get going. I am heading off to Europe to see some cities I really want to visit. I am also going to have so much fun. It is great b 8 I can choose what I want to do in each city. I am going to travel by train on the Euro-rail. I can buy one train ticket that l 9 two weeks, and use it all over Europe.
The train trip across Italy was fast and the v 10 of the countryside were beautiful. Now I am in Salzburg, Austria. The quiet hills of Austria are a great place to visit. The movie The Sound of Music was filmed around this area. It is truly beautiful. I enjoy the n 11 scenery of the mountains and the Danube River from my hotel window. There are also many castles and cathedrals to visit. Mozart, the famous musician, was from here. I listened to some of his classical music. I could really r 12 myself when I sipped on a hot cup of coffee.
Amsterdam is a fun city, f 13 of friendly locals and tourists. The train ride to Amsterdam was a long one. It gave me time to write some postcards to send back home. I spent the whole day exploring the art museums here. I took a boat ride a 14 the many water canals(运河) and saw people wearing their wooden clogs(木屐). I even got to taste some delicious Dutch cheese.
（2023·上海黄浦·统考一模）
在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给。
Have you seen pieces of litter around where you live Dropping litter doesn’t look nice; it can harm the environment and it is actually a 15 the law. Litter means all sorts of things that have been dropped in a public space, including bottles, cans, cigarette ends, crisp packets and sweet wrappers. Litter collects on streets and paths, in bushes, parks, rivers and trees. It can take hundreds of years to decompose (slowly break down and disappear) and can d 16 the soil.
Wildlife s 17 because of litter. Animals can get injured by sharp cans or glass, or they might even accidentally eat bits of plastic. Litter is blown by the wind and w 18 into rivers and drains. Eventually these things end up in the sea, where they can be a d 19 to sea creatures.
If you’re doing a clean-up operation, one very useful thing is a litter picker. It has a handle at one end and grabber at the other. Using a litter picker allows you to collect rubbish easily and s 20 . You should always wear protective gloves when out collecting rubbish. Wearing a bright-colour vest is also a good idea, but n 21 go picking up litter near a busy road without an adult with you.
（2022春·上海闵行·九年级上海市实验学校西校校考期中）
Fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给）
Fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给）
What is Technology Technology is the application (应用) of knowledge to production. With the development of science and technology, we can enjoy the convenience of life. We have been able to increase greatly the efficiency of our work because of m 22 technology. For most of us in America, technology is thought of as the reason why we can have cars and television sets.
However, technology has also increased the amount of food a 23 to us by means of good farming machinery and animal breeding techniques, and has extended our life span (寿命). So it raises a question. Will human beings continue to live longer and have a higher quality of life The answer depends on technology and our ability to use it w 24 . If we keep making progress as we have over the past fifty years, the answer is definitely yes. The improvement in technology depends upon research and d 25 , and the latest statistics (统计) show that the United States is continuing to spend billions of dollars every year on such e 26 . So while we are running out of some scarce resources, we may find technological substitutes (代用品) for many of them through our research programmes.
Actually, when we need new skills on techniques in medicine, people will start developing new technology to meet those needs. People will work together to design new products to s 27 some difficult problems. When equipment proves to be slow or inefficient, new machines will be i 28 in response to it.
（2023·上海闵行·统考一模）
Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给)
Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给)
Apps to excite your inner artist
Staying at home without teachers and classmates, you probably will play with your smart phone to get through the long days. But how can you unlock your phone’s full potential Start downloading some interesting and creative apps that will help you k 29 time and boredom. We have chosen three for you. Try them out and have fun.
Easy Voice Changer
When you watch sci-fi movies, you may have noticed that people can change their voices in phone calls and recordings. Do you want to have this magical a 30 Well, Easy Voice Changer will make your wish come true. It’s quite easy to use. Users simply record their voices in the app. Then, it can change to sound like different voices. These i 31 voices of an alien, a robot, a monster, a kid, a bee, a ghost and many more. If you want to have fun with your friends, why not send them a freaky phone recording
Meme (表情包) Generator Free
We are the meme generation. Young people are not willing to send text. They prefer using memes to make a point i 32 . But do you want meme special memes Make your own, with Meme Generator Free! The app has more than 1,000 high-quality meme templates (模板) to use. You can choose photo or snap (拍照) one to insert onto the template. Your friends will appreciate your imagination and thank you for giving them a r 33 to laugh.
Psychedelic (迷幻的) Camera
Are you tired of following rules Do you just want to make something a 34 You definitely need to check out Psychedelic Camera. The app lets you choose pictures from your photo gallery and add filters (滤镜) to it. “You can simply power up the camera and view your surroundings in chaotic (混乱) colors and patterns — it’s delightful. So that it is hard for anyone to r 35 you anymore.” said Anmol Sachdeva on US technology website Beebom.
试卷第1页，共3页
试卷第1页，共3页
参考答案：
1．(r)eal 2．(e)xchange 3．(h)arder 4．(a)lmost 5．(m)issed 6．(w)alk 7．(l)evel
【导语】本文主要讲述了来自世界各地的一些23岁的青少年会和美国当地的学生交换，彼此去到不同的国家，文章还介绍了几个在异国他乡的学生对新国家的各方面的看法。
1．句意：他们将会加入美国学校，认识美国青少年，形成真实的美国的印象。根据后文的“…gain a new understanding of the rest of the world.”可知，其他学生也会去到其他地方对剩余的世界获得全新的理解，因此其他国家的学生去到美国也会有对真实的美国有印象，结合首字母，real表示“真实的”。故填(r)eal。
2．句意：这是一种双向的学生交换行动。根据后文的“Fred, a boy of nineteen, spent last year in Germany with George’s family. In turn, George’s son Mike spent a year in Fred’s home in America.”可知，弗莱德去到德国的乔治的家庭，而乔治的儿子迈克会去到弗莱德在美国的家里，因此这是一种学生交换的方式，结合首字母，exchange表示“交换”。故填(e)xchange。
3．句意：学校跟他所期待的完全不同——难太多了。根据后文“Students took fourteen subjects instead of the six that are usual in the United States. ”可知，德国的学生上14门课目而不是像在美国的那样是六门，结合首字母，应该用hard表示“困难的”，而句子隐含着现实中的情况和预期的对比，应用比较级，副词much修饰比较级。故填(h)arder。
4．句意：几乎没有户外活动。根据前文“Students took fourteen subjects instead of the six that are usual in the United States. ”可知，学生要上14门课程而不像美国的6门，结合首字母，可推知是almost“几乎”，表示要上课几乎没有户外活动。故填(a)lmost。
5．句意：同样的，他想念有一辆车。根据后文的“Back home, you pick up some friends in a car and go out and have a good time. ”可知，弗莱德在美国家里的时候，在车上带上朋友然后出去玩得很开心，结合首字母，应用miss“想念”，表示在德国想念有车的日子，文章时态为一般过去时，应用过去式。故填(m)issed。
6．句意：在德国，你要走路，但你很快学会爱上它。从前文可知，弗莱德想念有车的日子，在美国时候可用跟朋友开车去玩，结合首字母，可推知在德国没有车，需要走路，应用walk。故填(w)alk。
7．句意：我觉得美国学校的课程对我们的水平来说太容易了。由前文可知，美国的学校通常只有6门课，而德国的有14门，因此相对德国的学生来说，美国的课程比他们的水平要简单，结合首字母，用名词level“水平”。故填(l)evel。
8．(b)ecause 9．(l)asts 10．(v)iews 11．(n)atural 12．(r)elax 13．(f)ull 14．(a)long
【导语】本文主要介绍了作者独自旅行的经历。
8．句意：这很棒，因为我可以在每个城市选择我想做的事情。根据“I can choose what I want to do in each city”和首字母提示可知，前后两句是前果后因的关系，because“因为”符合句意，故填(b)ecause。
9．句意：我可以买一张两周的火车票，然后用它走遍欧洲。根据“use it all over Europe”和首字母提示可知，购买的票能够持续两周，且句子时态是一般现在时，先行词ticket是单数形式，lasts“持续”符合句意，故填lasts。
10．句意：穿越意大利的火车旅行很快，乡村的景色也很美。根据“were beautiful”和首字母提示可知，需要名词复数形式，此处指景色很美丽，views“景色”符合句意，故填(v)iews。
11．句意：我从旅馆的窗口欣赏着群山和多瑙河的自然风光。根据“scenery of the mountains”和首字母提示可知，欣赏自然景色，形容词作定语，natural“自然的”符合句意，故填(n)atural。
12．句意：当我喝一杯热咖啡时，我真的可以放松自己。根据“when I sipped on a hot cup of coffee.”和首字母提示可知，喝咖啡的时候能够放松自己，情态动词后接动词原形，relax“放松”符合句意。故填(r)elax。
13．句意：阿姆斯特丹是一个有趣的城市，到处都是友好的当地人和游客。根据“friendly locals and tourists”和首字母提示可知，充满了人，full of“充满”，故填(f)ull。
14．句意：我乘船沿着许多运河航行，看到人们穿着木屐。根据“the many water canals(运河)”和首字母提示可知，沿着运河划船，along“沿着”符合句意，故填(a)long。
15．(a)gainst 16．(d)amage 17．(s)uffers 18．(w)ashed 19．(d)anger 20．(s)afely 21．(n)ever
【导语】本文主要讲述了环境污染的危害。
15．句意：它对环境有害并且它事实上是违反法律。分析句子和首字母提示可知是“违反法律”用against the law。故填(a)gainst。
16．句意：它可能需要数百年才能分解并且它会毁坏土壤。根据文中“It can take hundreds of years to decompose”可知垃圾需要百年才能分解；又根据首字母提示，可知它会对毁坏土壤，应用damage，前面有情态动词“can”，故用原形。故填(d)amage。
17．句意：因为垃圾野生动物也在受难。根据后文“Animals can get injured by sharp cans or glass, or they might even accidentally eat bits of plastic.”可知，野生动物也在受难。根据首字母提示可知应用suffer，主语是“Wildlife”三单，故suffer用三单形式。故填(s)uffers。
18．句意：垃圾被风吹进河流和下水道。分析句子可知垃圾是被风吹了然后流进河流，又根据首字母提示可知用wash；分析句子可知是被动语态，故用过去分词washed。故填(w)ashed。
19．句意：最终，这些东西最终在海洋中消失，它们在那里对海洋生物成为一种危害。分析句子可知垃圾进入海洋消失，对海洋生物造成危害，又根据首字母提示和空前的“a”可知，此处应用名词danger。故填(d)anger。
20．句意：使用垃圾收取器可以既方便地又安全地收集垃圾。分析句子和首字母提示，可知用收取器收集垃圾是安全的，与easily并列，故用副词safely。故填(s)afely。
21．句意：穿上一件鲜艳的背心也是一个好主意，但是在没有大人的陪伴下永远都不要去繁忙的道路上去捡垃圾。根据首字母提示和分析题干可知，此处是告诫人们没有大人的陪伴永远不要去繁忙的道路上去捡垃圾。故填(n)ever。
22．(m)odern 23．(a)vailable 24．(w)idely 25．(d)evelopment 26．(e)fforts 27．(s)olve 28．(i)nvented
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述技术的发明创造、应用与作用。
22．句意：由于现代技术，我们已经能够很大程度提高工作效率。根据“increase greatly the efficiency of our work because of ... technology”以及首字母可知，提高工作效率应是因为现代科技，modern“现代的”符合语境，形容词作定语。故填(m)odern。
23．句意：然而，通过良好的农业机械和动物育种技术，技术也增加了我们可获得的食物数量。根据“technology has also increased the amount of food...to us”以及首字母可知，应是技术增加了我们可获得的食物数量，available “可获得的”符合语境。故填(a)vailable。
24．句意：答案取决于技术和我们广泛使用技术的能力。空处应填副词修饰动词use，根据“The answer depends on technology and our ability to use it...”以及首字母可知，此处指广泛运用，widely“广泛地”符合语境。故填(w)idely。
25．句意：技术的进步依赖于研究和发展。and连接两个并列成分，结合research可知，空处也应用名词；根据“The improvement in technology depends upon research”以及首字母可知，技术的进步是要依赖于发展的，development“发展”，不可数名词。故填(d)evelopment。
26．句意：最新的统计数据显示，美国每年仍在这方面投入数十亿美元。such修饰名词；根据“the latest statistics show that the United States is continuing to spend billions of dollars every year”以及首字母可知，此处指美国方面的努力，effort“努力”，可数名词，所以此处应用复数。故填(e)fforts。
27．句意：人们会一起工作，设计新产品，以解决一些难题。根据“some difficult problems”以及首字母可知，应是解决问题，solve“解决”，不定式符号to后应用动词原形。故填(s)olve。
28．句意：当设备运行慢或者低效的时候，为了解决这个问题，新的机器会被发明出来。根据“When equipment proves to be slow or inefficient”可知，此处指发明新机器，invent“发明”，且“机器是被发明”，所以用被动语态，空处应用过去分词。故填(i)nvented。
29．(k)ill 30．(a)bility 31．(i)nclude 32．(i)nstead 33．(r)eason 34．(a)mazing 35．(r)ecognize##(r)ecognise
【导语】本文介绍了三款激发你内心的艺术家的应用程序。
29．句意：开始下载一些有趣和有创意的应用程序，帮助你消磨时间和无聊。根据“Start downloading some interesting and creative apps”可知这有助于消磨时间，kill“消磨（时间），打发（时光）”，help sb. do sth.“帮助某人做某事”。故填(k)ill。
30．句意：你想拥有这种神奇的能力吗？根据“When you watch sci-fi movies, you may have noticed that people can change their voices in phone calls and recordings.”可知此处表示在电话和录音中改变声音的能力，ability“能力”，结合“this”可知用单数。故填(a)bility。
31．句意：这些声音包括外星人、机器人、怪物、孩子、蜜蜂、鬼魂等等。根据“Then, it can change to sound like different voices.”可知此处讲不同的声音包括什么，句子缺少谓语，include“包括”，结合上下文可知用一般现在时，主语These后接动词原形。故填(i)nclude。
32．句意：他们更喜欢用表情包来表达观点。根据“prefer using memes to make a point”可知使用表情包代替语言来表达观点，instead“反而，代替”。故填(i)nstead。
33．句意：你的朋友会欣赏你的想象力，感谢你给了他们一个开怀大笑的理由。根据“thank you for giving them a r... to laugh”可知是给了朋友们大笑的理由，reason“理由”，a后接名词单数。故填(r)eason。
34．句意：你只是想做出令人惊叹的事情吗？根据“Are you tired of following rules ”及首字母a可知此处问是否想做一些令人惊叹的事情，amazing“令人惊叹的”。故填(a)mazing。
35．句意：这样别人就很难认出你了。根据“The app lets you choose pictures from your photo gallery and add filters to it.”可知给照片添加滤镜，让人难以认出自己，recognize/recognise“认出”，to后接动词原形构成动词不定式。故填(r)ecognize/(r)ecognise。
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