资源简介

主旨大意题
主旨大意题解题思维
主题句必须能简洁明了地概括全文的主要内容，具有高度的综合性和概括性，文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步的解释、说明、论证或拓展。
2.一般说来说明文和议论都有主题句，而且多位于文章的开头，有时也位于文章的中间或末尾。
3.不能直接在文章中直接找到主题句，抓每一段的主旨句，一般在段首。理清楚段与段之间逻辑关系然后自己归纳总结。
模板1 标题归纳题
标题模板 简洁：短小精悍，多为短语,动名词短语或祈使句。 概括：概括全文、涵盖性强、体现主旨； 针对：标题外延与文章内容相符，范围一致，不会以偏概全； 醒目：新颖奇特，激发读者的阅读兴趣；
答题规律 正面思维肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，串联细节共同点，断定标题。； 逆向思维否定法：抛开原文，设想各个选项为“标题”用它们写出来的“文章”会是什么内容，然后和原文章对照，依次排除不符选项； 3. 研读备选项差异：研读四个选项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、概括性等。
干扰项特点 断章取义(仅为文中一细节)、以偏概全、物种生有、范围过大。
模板2 段落大意题
结构法和关键词法
总分：主题句在段首；
分总：主题句在段尾；
总分总：主题句段首尾前后呼应；
分总分：开头抛砖引玉，主题在段总；
关键词：抓住段落中出现频率较高的关键词，然后对其概括和归纳，确定段落大意。
答题规律 主题句的判断
段首 段尾 主题句多为段首第一句(观点或对象)；或第一句抛砖引玉引出第二句。 主题句也常为段尾句(结论或总结)。
段中 前面的话是为引出主题而摆出问题或现象。
无主题句 没有主题句，需根据段落内容自己概括。重点提炼各个段落首句，兼顾尾句。
模板3 文章大意题
四种方法巧利用
文体法：新闻报道主旨在第一句；说明文主旨在第一段或第二段；议论文主旨在首段或尾段；记叙文主旨一般在尾段或首尾呼应。
主题句法：读文章标题；略读各段首尾句；读首段和尾端；读逻辑关联词后的句子内容。
高频词法：寻找文中出现频率较高的关键词。
概括法：中心主旨隐含在句子中，需要考生根据已知的细节归纳出文中的大意。
主题句特点
1. 段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however, but, in fact, actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。 2. 首段出现疑问句时，对该问句的回答很可能就是文章主旨。 3. 作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。 4. 表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等词，通常是主旨。
命题点01 标题归纳题
【典例01】
（2023·浙江嘉兴·统考一模）
It was a quiet morning in the library, and we librarians were enjoying a rather loud chat. Suddenly, a patron (常客) marched up to us, gave us an annoyed “Shush!” and went back to her seat. How strange for a group of librarians to be shushed by a patron! Shouldn’t it be the other way around
Well, it’s complicated. If you’re like me, a middle-aged woman, you probably remember libraries as places of silent reading. These days, however, libraries are more like active community centers.
In the past, most libraries didn’t focus much on programs for kids whose age made it impossible for them to be quiet on demand. But growing knowledge about the importance of kids and teens learning through hands-on experiences has since caused a sea change in how libraries connect with young readers. Now libraries begin offering interactive programs for kids, including crafts, board games, and story times. These types of programs certainly aren’t designed to be silent.
Along with more programs for ever-younger children, technology today has played a part in the transformation of libraries into places where both kids and adults can use computers, make something on a 3D printer and more. In addition, many libraries now offer programs for adults, who can participate in in book discussion, learn calligraphy, and even take college classes.
Of course, libraries still need peaceful phones. These days, many libraries have glassed-off study rooms or quiet areas. They are also less noisy in the early afternoons, after morning children’s programs and before the after-school kid crowd arrive.
It’s clear to me now that on the day my colleagues and I were shushed by a patron, we should have been using our “library voices” as we talked. Still, it’s unlikely that libraries will ever return to the days when they were places of silence. There’s just too much fun and learning happening.
46．What would be the best title for the text
A．Libraries Should be Loud B．Reading Can be Fun in Libraries
C．Libraries Make Learning Happen D．Library Programs Target Children
【答案】 46．A
【模板】简洁、概括、醒目、针对性。
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章就现在图书馆提出自己观点——图书馆应是一个热闹的地方。运用答题规律“正面思维肯定法”在理解文章主旨的基础上，串联细节共同点，断定标题。由文章最后一段“It’s clear to me now that on the day my colleagues and I were shushed by a patron, we should have been using our ‘library voices’ as we talked. Still, it’s unlikely that libraries will ever return to the days when they were places of silence. There’s just too much fun and learning happening. (现在我很清楚，在我和同事们被一位常客嘘的那天，我们应该在交谈时使用我们的‘图书馆声音’。尽管如此，图书馆不太可能再回到沉寂的时代。有太多的乐趣和学习正在发生。)”以及上文可知，本文主要讲图书馆不应该一如既往是一个安静的地方，而应该变得热闹起来。故选A项。
【典例02】
（2023·广东深圳·高三校考阶段练习）
Today, poetry and science are often considered to be mutually exclusive career paths. But that wasn’t always the case. The mathematician A da Lovelace and the physicist James Clerk Mahwah were both accomplished poets. The poet John Keats was a licensed surgeon. Combining the two practices fell out of favor in the 1800s. But translating research into lyrics, haiku, and other poetic forms is resurging (再现) among scientists as they look for alternative ways to inspire others with their findings.
“Poetry is a great tool for questioning the world,” says Sam Illingworth, a poet and a geoscientist who works at the University of Western Australia. Through workshops and a new science-poetry journal, called Consilience, Illingworth is helping scientists to translate their latest results into poems that can attract appreciation from those outside of their immediate scientific field.
Stephany Mazon, a scientist from the University of Helsinki in Finland, joined one of Illingworth’s workshops. In the workshop, she was grouped with other scientists and tasked with writing a haiku, a 17-syllable-long poem, which spotlighted water, a fluid that featured in all of the group members’ research projects. “It was a lot of fun, and surprisingly easy to write the poem,” Mazon says. She plans to continue writing. “We do a disservice(伤害) to ourselves to think that scientists can’t be artistic and that art can’t be use a to communicate scientific ideas,” Mazon says.
That viewpoint is echoed by Illingworth, who thinks science communication initiatives are too often dominated by public lectures with their hands-off PowerPoint slides. “Actually, when science communication involves writing and sharing poems, it invites a two-way dialogue between experts and nonexperts,” he says. Scientist-poet Manjula Silva, an educator at Imperial College London, agrees. Poetry provides a way to translate complex scientific concepts into a language that everyone can understand, Silva says.
Scientists and poets are both trying to understand the world and communicate that understanding with others. The distinction between scientists and poets is less than people might think. We’re all just people with hopefully really interesting things to say and to share.
39．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Poetry: A Great Tool to Question the World
B．Scientists Take on Poetry
C．Science Communication: A Two-way Dialogue
D．Scientists and Poets Think Alike
【答案】 39．B
【模板】运用“正面思维肯定法”，串联细节共同点，运用标题模板简洁、概括、醒目、针对性。
【解析】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了科学家和诗人之间的联系。文章提到了一些名人，以显示诗歌和科学并不总是被认为是互相排斥的职业道路。
39．主旨大意题。文中提到了一些历史人物，如数学家 Ada Lovelace 和物理学家James Clerk Maxwell 都是杰出的诗人，说明诗歌和科学在过去并不是相互排斥的领域。但是在19世纪，将两种领域结合起来的做法逐渐没落。现在，随着科学家们在寻找更多向外部人员灌输科研成果的方法，将研究成果转化为诗歌、俳句等文学形式的做法再次流行起来。文章介绍了Sam Illingworth学者和诗人的身份交替和新的科学诗歌杂志 Consilience，以及他如何鼓励科学家们将自己的成果转化为韵文和诗歌，从而向更广泛的受众灌输他们的最新研究成果。此外，文章也引用了科学家Manjula Silva的观点，认为诗歌为将复杂的科学概念转化为大家都可以理解的语言提供了方便，综上，文章主要强调科学家开始研究诗歌（通过石刻的形式传播科学）。B选项“科学家研究诗歌”最符合文章标题。故选B。
命题点02 段落大意题
【典例01】
（2023·湖南长沙·高三湖南师大附中校考阶段练习）
Despite being connected online, no matter what state you’re from, each city still retains its own language and slang. At my public high school in Los Angeles, we had our own secret language. A party was a “yart”. A beer was a “brewsky”. If I tried to use these words in front of anyone that didn’t live in Los Angeles, they would have no idea what was going on. When I came to college and used these words around my roommate from the East Coast, she would look at me with a blank stare.
......
Whether the way we talk is regional or from online, the soul of communication lies in its power to connect people, foster understanding, and facilitate interactions that shape our personal and social lives. I have often found it’s the way we connect with the people we live around.
58．What is mainly talked about in the last paragraph
A．The means of communication. B．The nature of communication.
C．The elements of communication. D．The process of communication.
【答案】 58．B
【模板】段落大意题。段首主题句+关键词。
【解析】 根据“Whether the way we talk is regional or from online, the soul of communication lies in its power to connect people, foster understanding, and facilitate interactions that shape our personal and social lives. (无论我们的谈话方式是地区性的还是网络性的，沟通的灵魂在于它能将人们联系起来，增进理解，促进互动，从而塑造我们的个人和社会生活。)”可知，本段的关键词是“the soul of communication”。故本段主要讲了沟通的本质。故选B。
【典例02】
（2023·浙江嘉兴·统考一模）
......
In the past, most libraries didn’t focus much on programs for kids whose age made it impossible for them to be quiet on demand. But growing knowledge about the importance of kids and teens learning through hands-on experiences has since caused a sea change in how libraries connect with young readers. Now libraries begin offering interactive programs for kids, including crafts, board games, and story times. These types of programs certainly aren’t designed to be silent.
44．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The past and the present of libraries. B．The reason for the change of libraries.
C．The activities for young children in libraries. D．The connection between libraries and readers.
【答案】 44．B
【模板】段落大意题。段首主题句+关键词。
【解析】由第三段“In the past, most libraries didn’t focus much on programs for kids whose age made it impossible for them to be quiet on demand. But growing knowledge about the importance of kids and teens learning through hands-on experiences has since caused a sea change in how libraries connect with young readers. Now libraries begin offering interactive programs for kids, including crafts, board games, and story times. These types of programs certainly aren’t designed to be silent. (在过去，大多数图书馆都不太关注为孩子们提供的项目，因为孩子们的年龄使他们无法按需保持安静。但是，人们越来越了解儿童和青少年通过亲身体验学习的重要性，这导致图书馆与年轻读者的联系发生了翻天覆地的变化。现在，图书馆开始为孩子们提供互动节目，包括手工艺品、棋盘游戏和故事时间。这些类型的程序当然不是为了静音而设计的。)”可知，本段主要讲图书馆改变的原因。故选B项。
命题点03 文章大意题
【典例】
（2023·河南驻马店·高三校联考阶段练习）
We had finally decided to skip our traditional family dinner and make the trip to Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade when Kerry was 5. Like many other families we packed a small backpack with sliced turkey sandwiches and juice boxes. After getting off the train, we were walking up to the entrance when Kerry spotted a homeless woman sitting in the shadows, invisible to all except my curious daughter.
“What’s that ” she asked. Linda and I looked at each other, worried about the need to explain something very different than the happy scene we were about to join. During our first years of parenthood we’d discussed how we would explain such topics as life, death, and love. But homelessness It came so suddenly that we just gave as simple an explanation as we could and continued on to the parade.
The following year, we decided to attend the parade again. So the night before Thanksgiving we went shopping for sliced turkey for sandwiches. “Can we bring some sandwiches for those people ” she inquired, Again, Kerry caught us off guard. “Why ” was my first reaction. But we knew immediately whom she meant. How could we refuse Why would we refuse This was a golden opportunity to honor Kerry’s sense of charity. Six-year-old Kerry was teaching us an important lesson. That night we prepared and packed two-dozen sandwiches into our now overstuffed backpack.
Scanning the shadows after reaching Manhattan again, Kerry spotted a homeless man sitting in the same spot as last year. We stopped and took out the first of the little feasts from the pack. Without a word of instruction, we handed it to Kerry. She walked over to the man slowly, handing the sandwich to him. Neither spoke a word. Then we were off to the parade, stopping along the way to distribute the rest of the sandwiches, except one for each of us.
Somehow, no giant Thanksgiving sit-down feast ever tasted as good as those sandwiches. Over the next decade we did the same things again and again. After all, there’s nothing like sharing a turkey sandwich with new friends.
8．What does the author mainly want to tell us about Thanksgiving
A．It’s a word of action. B．It’s an old tradition.
C．It’s a good time of reunion. D．It’s a surprising feast.
【答案】 8．A
【模板】利用“文体法”兼顾“主题句法”。记叙文主旨一般在尾段。
【解析】主章大意题。本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一家人在女儿Kerry五岁的时候，去梅西百货的感恩节游行，发现了一个无家可归的女人。从此以后的感恩节，作者一家都会把火鸡三明治带给那些无家可回的人。根据文章最后一段“Over the next decade we did the same things again and again. After all, there’s nothing like sharing a turkey sandwich with new friends.(在接下来的十年里，我们一次又一次地做着同样的事情。毕竟，没有什么比和新朋友分享火鸡三明治更好的了)”可知，感恩是一句要付诸行动的话。故选A项。
1.（2023·河南驻马店·高三校联考阶段练习）
Fallen leaves are everywhere as winter comes. Traditionally, people sweep up the fallen leaves, put them in bags and send them to landfills. But there is a growing movement to leave leaves on the ground. They’ll naturally break down over the winter into rich organic matter. The matter also shelters some insects.
But some leaves prevent the growth of other plants. Black walnut (黑胡桃), for example, contains a poison in its leaves that kills many plants, including apples, peppers, tomatoes and potatoes. Besides, whole leaves should not be permitted to remain on walkways, where they could make the path dangerously slippery. They should also not be left on grass lawns, where they are likely to cause disease. In areas that experience snow cover, water would become trapped between grass and leaves. In areas without snow, whole leaves that cover grasses block water and sunlight from reaching the soil below.
Many people choose to break up the leaves using a machine and let the pieces fall between pieces of grass. Then the pieces break down further in the soil. However, this treatment can kill insects and their eggs.
Another method is to take the leaves off the lawn and spread them lightly to cover garden beds. The leaves mostly break down by spring and almost entirely by summer. But if not, they should be removed before spring growth begins.
Leaves also can be used to make leaf mold (腐叶土), a type of fertilizer made entirely from leaves. Just put the leaves in a corner, add nitrogen fertilizer (氮肥), and then water them to keep them wet inside. It may take a year or two, but the leaves will break down into a nutritious soil.
Fallen leaves build rich soil, protect plant roots and shelter wildlife, in your garden, and elsewhere. Done correctly, leaving the leaves is one of the best ways to turn yard waste into free fertilizer, which is good for plants, the environment, and saving money. Why waste that important resource
31．What is the most suitable title for the text
A．How Can Fallen Leaves Be Turned into Art B．Do Leaves Fall to the Ground Around the Roots
C．Should You “Leave the Leaves” on the Ground D．Will What Comes from Leaves Return to the Soil
【答案】 31．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人们对于落叶的不同处理方式，指出如果处理得当，留下树叶是将院子里的垃圾转化为免费肥料的最好方法之一，这对植物、环境和省钱都有好处。
31．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Fallen leaves are everywhere as winter comes. Traditionally, people sweep up the fallen leaves, put them in bags and send them to landfills. But there is a growing movement to leave leaves on the ground. They’ll naturally break down over the winter into rich organic matter. The matter also shelters some insects.(冬天来了，到处都是落叶。传统上，人们把落叶扫起来，装进袋子，然后送到垃圾填埋场。但是在地面上留下树叶的运动越来越多。它们会在冬天自然分解成丰富的有机物。这种物质也庇护了一些昆虫)”结合文章主要说明了人们对于落叶的不同处理方式，指出如果处理得当，留下树叶是将院子里的垃圾转化为免费肥料的最好方法之一，这对植物、环境和省钱都有好处。故C选项“你应该“把树叶”留在地上吗？”符合文章标题。故选C。
2.（2023·宁夏银川·高三银川唐徕回民中学校考）
Languages like Italian or Finnish can be spelled more easily because each letter of the alphabet matches to one sound. Students studying these languages can have 90 percent reading accuracy after the first year. However, students even after years of learning English are still far below Italian or Finnish students in reading accuracy.
English started as a Germanic language. It is most closely connected to German and Dutch, especially in grammar and basic vocabulary. During the Norman invasion in the 12th century, Old English was spoken but French was used in government and legal documents. And Latin was used in religious and educational activities. As a result, more French and Latin words entered the English language. The printing press invented in the late 1400s helped to establish English spelling. The English of today is how the language was written at the time. However, the spoken language started to change in the 1500s with the pronunciation of all long vowels (元音). For example, “bite” was pronounced closer to “beet” in the 1400s, before changing through the years to its current sound. The effect was that the English language had old spellings, but new sounds.
English has 26 letters in the alphabet, but over 44 individual sounds depending on the variation of spoken English. There are several sounds represented by only one letter. For example, the letter “C” can sound like an “S” as in “city”. And it also sounds like a “K” as in “cat”.
There are only 5 or 6 vowel letters in the English alphabet. They include A, E, I, O, U, and sometimes Y. But there are 20 different ways to sound them. At the centre is the most common vowel sound of “uhhh”. It is the most relaxed and natural sound. It takes almost no effort of the tongue or throat to create the sound. Since it takes little effort, the sound “uhhh” often makes its way into pronunciations. For example, the word “please” often turns into “PUH-lease” when someone is trying to call attention. This is another reason why spelling in English is so difficult!
25．What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The complex history of English.
B．The formation of modern English.
C．The influence of English on other languages.
D．Factors promoting the development of English.
【答案】 25．A
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英语拼写困难的原因。
25．主旨大意题。根据第二段“English started as a Germanic language. (英语起源于日耳曼语)”和“During the Norman invasion in the 12th century, Old English was spoken but French was used in government and legal documents. (在12世纪诺曼人入侵期间，人们说古英语，但在政府和法律文件中使用法语)”以及“The printing press invented in the late 1400s helped to establish English spelling. The English of today is how the language was written at the time. However, the spoken language started to change in the 1500s with the pronunciation of all long vowels. (15世纪后期发明的印刷机帮助确立了英语的拼写。今天的英语是当时的书写方式。然而，口语在16世纪开始发生变化，所有长元音的发音都发生了变化)”可知，第二段按照时间年份介绍了英语复杂的发展历史。故选A。
3.（2023·福建·高三校联考期中）
Imagine you can open your fridge, open an app on your phone and immediately know which items will go bad soon. This is one of the applications that a new technology developed by engineers at the University of California San Diego would enable.
The technology combines a chip (芯片) integrated into product packaging and a software update on your phone. The phone becomes capable of identifying objects based on signals the chip sends out from specific frequencies, in this case Bluetooth or WiFi. In an industrial setting, a smartphone equipped with the software update could be used as a radio frequency identification (RFID) reader.
The work uses breakthroughs in backscatter (反向散射) communication, which uses signals already generated by your smartphone and re-directs them back in a format your phone can understand. Effectively, this technique uses less power than the latest technology to generate WiFi signals.
The custom chip, which is roughly the size of a grain of sand and costs only a few pennies to produce, needs so little power that it can be entirely powered by LTE signals, a technique for wireless broadband communication for mobile devices. The chip turns Bluetooth signals into WiFi signals, which can in turn be detected by a smartphone with that specific software update.
The technology’s broader promise is the development of devices that do not need batteries because they can harvest power from LTE signals instead. This in turn would lead to devices that are significantly less expensive that last longer, said Dinesh Bharadia, one of the paper’s senior authors.
“E-waste, especially batteries, is one of the biggest problems the planet is facing, after climate change,” Bharadia said.
For future research, the team will integrate this technology into other projects to demonstrate its capabilities, and they also hope to commercialize it, either through a startup or through an industry partner.
16．Which is the most suitable title for the text
A．New technology turns smartphones into RFID readers
B．Smartphones need to be equipped with soft updates
C．RFID readers obtain new chips and have new functions
D．Backscatter communication makes the best of smartphones
【答案】 16．A
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了加州大学圣地亚哥分校的工程师们开发的一种新技术，该技术结合了集成在产品包装中的芯片和手机上的软件更新，使人们可以通过打开冰箱或手机应用程序立即知道哪些物品即将变质。文章介绍了这项技术的原理、应用和未来发展。
16．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Imagine you can open your fridge, open an app on your phone and immediately know which items will go bad soon. (想象一下，你可以打开冰箱，打开手机上的一个应用程序，立即知道哪些食物很快就会变质。)”和第二段中“The technology combines a chip (芯片) integrated into product packaging and a software update on your phone. The phone becomes capable of identifying objects based on signals the chip sends out from specific frequencies, in this case Bluetooth or WiFi. In an industrial setting, a smartphone equipped with the software update could be used as a radio frequency identification (RFID) reader. (这项技术结合了集成在产品包装中的芯片和手机上的软件更新。手机可以根据芯片从特定频率发出的信号来识别物体，在这种情况下是蓝牙或WiFi。在工业环境中，安装了软件更新的智能手机可以用作射频识别(RFID)阅读器。)”可知，文章介绍了一项新的技术可以将手机变成射频识别(RFID)阅读器。因此“新技术将智能手机变成RFID阅读器”是文章最佳标题。故选A项。
4.（2023·河北·高三泊头市第一中学校联考期中）
Research has found that using wood for construction instead of concrete and steel can reduce emissions. But Tim Searchinger at Princeton University says many of these studies are based on the false foundation that harvesting wood is carbon neutral (碳中和). “Only a small percentage of the wood gets into a timber (木料) product, and a part of that gets into a timber product that can replace concrete and steel in a building,” he says. Efficiencies vary in different countries, but large amounts of a harvested tree are left to be divided into parts, used in short-lived products like paper or burned for energy, all of which generate emissions.
In a report for the World Resources Institute, Searchinger and his colleagues have modelled how using more wood for construction would affect emissions between 2010 and 2050, accounting for the emissions from harvesting the wood. They considered various types of forests and parts of wood going towards construction. They also factored in the emissions savings from replacing concrete and steel.
Under some circumstances, the researchers found significant emissions reductions. But each case required what they considered an unrealistically high portion of the wood going towards construction, as well as rapid growth only seen in warmer places, like Brazil. In general, they found a large increase in global demand for wood would probably lead to rising emissions for decades. Accounting for emissions in this way, the researchers reported in a related paper that increasing forest harvests between 2010 and 2050 would add emissions equal to roughly 10 percent of total annual emissions.
Ali Amiri at Aalto University in Finland says the report’s conclusions about emissions from rising demand are probably correct, but the story is different for wood we already harvest. “Boosting the efficiency of current harvests and using more wood for longer lived purposes than paper would cut emissions,” he says. “We cannot just say we should stop using wood.”
10．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A．The process of the new research. B．The background of the new study.
C．The challenge of the new research. D．The achievements of the new study.
【答案】 10．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。新的研究表明，用木材建造的建筑可能并不像想象中的那么环保。
10．主旨大意题。由第二段“In a report for the World Resources Institute, Searchinger and his colleagues have modelled how using more wood for construction would affect emissions between 2010 and 2050, accounting for the emissions from harvesting the wood. They considered various types of forests and parts of wood going towards construction. They also factored in the emissions savings from replacing concrete and steel.(在世界资源研究所的一份报告中，Searchinger和他的同事们模拟了2010年至2050年间，使用更多的木材进行建筑将如何影响排放，并考虑到了砍伐木材的排放量。他们考虑了各种类型的森林和用于建筑的部分木材。他们还考虑到了更换混凝土和钢材所节省的排放量)”可知，第二段主要介绍新研究的过程。故选A项。
5.（2023·福建泉州·高三校考期中）
IT’S A TYPICAL morning: you wake up, take a shower, brush your teeth, and then prick (刺; 扎) your arm with a tiny needle. Wait, what Unless you have a serious disease such as diabetes, you probably haven’t ever tested your own blood. But in the future, that might change.
The company Cor already sells a system for home blood testing. You stick your arm using a supposedly painless, one-off , blood-drawing cartridge (针筒) about the size of a lipstick. Then you stick the cartridge into a device that looks like the base for an electric toothbrush. A few minutes later, an app on your phone buzzes with updated information, including your current health data and tips on what to eat and how to exercise during the day.
It’s true that blood contains a wealth of information about a person’s health. Blood tests can show if a person is infected with a disease or at risk for a variety of problems, including a heart attack or a stroke. But most people don’t test their own blood until a doctor says it’s time. Healthy young adults get regular blood tests about every five years. These tests happen at a lab, where a technician or a nurse sticks a long needle into the arm to draw out several tubes full of blood. Cor and similar companies, such as WellnessFX, are trying to change all that. They think people deserve access to more information about their own health.
But not everyone is convinced that regular blood testing for healthy people is a great idea. Cor’s system is expensive and may pot offer much benefit. “The lightest result here is that you lose your money and then you’re reminded to get more sleep and to eat more fruits, vegetables, and fish,” Pieter Cohen of Harvard Medical School told the New York Times. “The worst result is that you end up getting frightened by probably abnormal results that are actually completely normal for you.”
Plus, the results of a home blood test might be wrong. It’s hard to get accurate results from a tiny amount of blood. So what do you think Is monitoring your own health via pinpricks the way of the future Or is it better to leave blood testing to medical professionals
8．Which of the following could be the best title for the text
A．Home blood tests: yes or no B．Should blood tests be allowed at home
C．A new system of improving your health. D．Home blood testing: your health monitor!
【答案】 8．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了未来人们可能通过自己进行小刺伤来监测自己的血液健康情况的可能性，一些公司已经推出了相应的家用血液检测设备，但是这样的操作是否真的有必要及其可靠性受到了一些质疑。
8．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The company Cor already sells a system for home blood testing. (Cor公司已经在销售一种家庭血液检测系统)”以及最后一段“Plus, the results of a home blood test might be wrong. It’s hard to get accurate results from a tiny amount of blood. So what do you think Is monitoring your own health via pinpricks the way of the future Or is it better to leave blood testing to medical professionals (此外，家庭血液测试的结果可能是错误的。从少量的血液中很难得到准确的结果。你怎么看？通过针刺来监测自己的健康是未来的方式吗？还是把验血留给专业医生更好？)”结合文章说明了Cor公司已经在销售一种家庭血液检测系统，介绍了其工作方式以及家庭血液检测系统的利弊。由此可知，A选项“Home blood tests: yes or no (家庭验血：肯定还是否定？)”最符合文章标题。故选A。
6.（2023·四川雅安·高三统考阶段练习）
New research links outdoor air pollution — even at levels considered safe — to an increased risk of diabetes (糖尿病) globally, according to a study from the VA St. Louis Health Care System. The findings raise the possibility that reducing pollution may lead to a drop in diabetes cases in heavily polluted countries such as India and less polluted ones such as the United States.
Diabetes is one of the fastest growing diseases, affecting more than 500 million people worldwide. The main drivers of diabetes include eating an unhealthy diet, having a sedentary lifestyle and obesity, but the new research indicates the extent to which outdoor air pollution plays a role.
“Our research shows a significant link between air pollution and diabetes globally,” said Ziyad Al-Aly, MD, the study’s senior author and an assistant professor of medicine at the University of Washington. “We found an increased risk, even at low levels of air pollution currently considered safe by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the World Health Organization (WHO). This is important because many industry lobbying (游说) groups argue that current levels are too stringent and should be relaxed. Evidence shows that current levels are still not sufficiently safe and need to be tightened.”
While growing evidence has suggested a link between air pollution and diabetes, researchers have not attempted to quantify that burden until now. “Over the past two decades, there have been bits of research about diabetes and pollution,” said Al-Aly. “We wanted to thread together the pieces for a broader, more solid understanding.”
The researchers also found that the overall risk of pollution-related diabetes tilted (倾斜) more toward lower-income countries such as India that lack the resources for environmental mitigation systems and clean-air policies. For instance, poverty-stricken countries facing a higher diabetes-pollution risk include Afghanistan, Papua New Guinea and Guyana, while richer countries such as France, Finland and Iceland experience a lower risk. The US experiences a medium risk of pollution-related diabetes.
32．What can be the best title for the text
A．Current pollution control levels need to be tightened
B．Diabetes is one of the fastest growing diseases globally
C．Air pollution contributes significantly to diabetes globally
D．Poverty-stricken countries face a higher diabetes-pollution risk
【答案】 32．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究，该研究表明，室外空气污染或与全球糖尿病风险增加存在关联。
32．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章首段内容“New research links outdoor air pollution—even at levels considered safe—to an increased risk of diabetes globally, according to a study from the VA St. Louis Health Care System.(根据弗吉尼亚州圣路易斯卫生保健系统的一项研究，新的研究将户外空气污染——即使是在被认为安全的水平上——与全球糖尿病风险的增加联系起来。)”揭示了文章的话题，即“新的研究表明，室外空气污染或与全球糖尿病风险增加存在关联”。选项C“Air pollution contributes significantly to diabetes globally(在全球范围内，空气污染是导致糖尿病的重要因素)”贴合主题。故选C项。
7.（2023·河南驻马店·高三校联考阶段练习）
We, modern humans, spend 90% of our time inside, traveling between homes and offices, schools and apartments, restaurants and gyms. I’ve been hearing this statistic so much that I started to wonder if it was an urban legend. It’s not! The best reference for the statistic appears to be The National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS).
The survey was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). “EPA’s main purpose for collecting the NHAPS data was to provide diary records that could be used as inputs for computer-based human exposure models,” says the study. In other words, in order to understand how humans might be impacted by pollutants in our various indoor and outdoor environments, scientists needed to know how much time we spend in different locations.
The survey was conducted by the University of Maryland’s Survey Research Center. The survey used telephone interviews to collect 24-hour retrospective (回顾的) diaries from each respondent (调查对象). Between 340 and 1, 713 respondents were interviewed in each of the ten EPA regions across the 48 neighboring states. Respondents were generally representative of the whole nation for gender, age, race, and educational attainment.
Americans spend 87% of their time indoors and an additional 6% in an enclosed vehicle. These proportions (比例) are also fairly constant across various regions of the United States and Canada. The finding that emerges is that we are basically an indoor species. In a modern society, total time outdoors is the most negligible part of the day, often so small that it barely shows up in the total.
Is the study accurate Probably not. It may not take into account some populations that spend a high proportion of time outside. As the study states, “Those who were away from a home for extended periods were not included in the survey. These individuals may be more likely than those who were at home to spend large quantities of time outdoors.” Also, the survey methodology also doesn’t account well for bits of time spent taking out the trash, walking to the car, or taking a smoke break outside.
35．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．A suggestion for further studies. B．A possible reason for the finding.
C．An explanation of the research method. D．A major limitation of the study.
【答案】 35．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究，表明我们人类基本上是室内物种。
35．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“Is the study accurate Probably not. It may not take into account some populations that spend a high proportion of time outside. (这项研究准确吗？可能不会。它可能没有考虑到一些在户外花费大量时间的人群)”以及“Also, the survey methodology also doesn’t account well for bits of time spent taking out the trash, walking to the car, or taking a smoke break outside. (此外，调查方法也没有很好地考虑到人们花在倒垃圾、走向汽车或在外面抽烟上的时间)”可知，本段主要说明这项研究的主要局限性。故选D项。
8.（2023·辽宁丹东·高三校联考阶段练习）
Crime fiction books have been popular with readers for many decades-so popular, in fact, that at a recent London Book Fair sales of the genre (类型) overtook general fiction for the first time ever, a development that had been widely mercial success, of course, does not impress everyone and there are those who believe crime fiction should not be held in such high regard. Well-known in this group is Sebastian Franklin, who has argued that most crime fiction books look more like crossword puzzles than literature. However, increasingly this is a minority opinion as crime fiction is becoming recognized as a rich and dynamic literary genre in around the world.
Crime writing really came to the public’s notice in the 1920s and 1930s with the books of the British author Agatha Christie. Christie was a productive writer, publishing more than 60 detective novels over a 50-year period, beginning in 1920.
Without a doubt, there are certain elements that tend to be repeated in Christie’s books. The stories generally focus on a well-off circle of people, whose peaceful lives are thrown into chaos by an unexplained crime. The location is often a restricted space of some sort: a train, an island, a boat, or a village. This is quite different, for example, to the world of the fictional detective Sherlock Holmes, who often has the entire city of London as his hunting ground.
The books are also action-packed just like today’s most popular thrillers (惊悚小说). Christie mastered the art of the page-turner: events unfold so quickly and unpredictably that we keep reading to find out what happens next. The most significant consequence is that it is so simple to overlook vital clues.
It is worth reading a Christie book a second time just to notice how carefully she hides crucial information about the criminal’s identity.
A survey of contemporary crime writing shows that Agatha Christie’s legacy (遗产) is more important now than at any time previously, at the very point when crime writing has become the most popular of all book genres.
24．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．The Influence of Crime Writer Agatha Christie B．The Surprising Rise of Crime Fiction Books
C．Agatha Christie Enjoys Growing Wealth and Fame D．Crime Writers Sharpen Their Writing Skills
【答案 24．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了犯罪小说作家加莎·克里斯蒂的作品特色以及地位。
24．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Crime writing really came to the public’s not ice in the 1920s and 1930s with the books of the British author Agatha Christie. Christie was a productive writer, publishing more than 60 detective novels over a 50-year period, beginning in 1920. (二十世纪二三十年代，随着英国作家阿加莎·克里斯蒂的作品，犯罪小说真正进入了公众的视野。克里斯蒂是一位多产的作家，从1920年开始，在50年的时间里出版了60多部侦探小说。)”结合文章主要介绍了犯罪小说作家加莎·克里斯蒂的作品特色以及地位。可知，A选项“犯罪小说作家加莎·克里斯蒂的影响”最符合文章标题。故选A。
9.（2023·湖南长沙·高三湖南师大附中校考）
Despite being connected online, no matter what state you’re from, each city still retains its own language and slang. At my public high school in Los Angeles, we had our own secret language. A party was a “yart”. A beer was a “brewsky”. If I tried to use these words in front of anyone that didn’t live in Los Angeles, they would have no idea what was going on. When I came to college and used these words around my roommate from the East Coast, she would look at me with a blank stare.
Teenagers are often blamed for pulling apart standard linguistic patterns. The way my parents used to talk isn’t the same way that teenagers talk now. But it reflects the dynamic nature of language, which evolves over time due to various influences, including generational shifts and technological advancements. Teenagers, at an age when they are actively exploring their identity and seeking to differentiate themselves from previous generations, often play a significant role in this evolution.
It’s interesting to note that people around the world all have different terms for everyday things. Last year, I came across a British show called Love Island, which is a reality show that mixes people from different parts of the U. K. in a “villa”(another word Americans don’t typically say) for about eight weeks. As a bystander, the way they talked felt so elegant and fun, but to them, it was just normal.
Whether the way we talk is regional or from online, the soul of communication lies in its power to connect people, foster understanding, and facilitate interactions that shape our personal and social lives. I have often found it’s the way we connect with the people we live around.
20．What is mainly talked about in the last paragraph
A．The means of communication. B．The nature of communication.
C．The elements of communication. D．The process of communication.
【答案】 20．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。尽管有网络连接，但每个城市仍然保留着自己的语言和俚语。无论我们的谈话方式是地区性的还是网络性的，沟通的灵魂在于它能将人们联系起来，增进理解，促进互动，从而塑造我们的个人和社会生活。
20．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“Whether the way we talk is regional or from online, the soul of communication lies in its power to connect people, foster understanding, and facilitate interactions that shape our personal and social lives. (无论我们的谈话方式是地区性的还是网络性的，沟通的灵魂在于它能将人们联系起来，增进理解，促进互动，从而塑造我们的个人和社会生活。)”可知，本段的关键词是“the soul of communication”。故本段主要讲了沟通的本质。故选B。
10.（2023·福建·高三校联考阶段练习）
Not all fat is created equal. The fat most people picture is known as white fat, since it looks white or white-yellow when you see it under the skin. But you’re also born with brown fat, which, unsurprisingly, looks brown.
Brown fat — found in the neck and shoulders of newborns — is metabolically (新陈代谢地) efficient, in that it burns lots of calories, which serves the purpose of keeping you warm (important for newborns). We lose most of our brown fat as we age. By age six, we have less than five percent of the brown fat we were born with; the fat we gain over time is almost all white fat. One of the major causes of shortened lifetime and illnesses like type 2 diabetes and many cancers is the increasing level of white fat. So scientists have long tried to find ways to activate that fat or turn white fat into brown fat.
However, one roadblock to using brown fat is that all the good stuff that brown fat does has to be programmed into the previously white fat, but that has proved doable. A group in Delaware has activated brown fat in a few women with an already approved medication. Researchers at the University of Copenhagen (UCPH) have put white fat in test tubes and turned it into brown fat. They then injected the brown fat into fat sheep. As hoped, the sheep with more brown fat got thin and lost their metabolic syndrome and diabetes.
The timetable for this game-changing ability to turn white fat to brown fat is predicted to be less than five years away after human studies start. If scientists find a way to replace white fat with brown fat, it will likely mitigate risks of diseases like diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and brain disorder greatly and provide increased energy levels. That is, you become operationally younger. Bring it on!
28．What can be the best title for the text
A．Make the best of white fat B．Activating brown fat vs changing white fat
C．This good fat could keep you healthy D．Brown fat helps keep babies warm
【答案】 28．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了棕色脂肪是有益的脂肪，可以保持人体的健康，但随着年龄的增长，这种脂肪会迅速减少，因此研究人员在尝试激活棕色脂肪或将白色脂肪转化为棕色脂肪，以解决很多疾病问题。
28．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章围绕棕色脂肪展开，第一段引出棕色脂肪的话题，表明其与白色脂肪不同；第二段说明棕色脂肪对人体的重要作用，及其减少对人体的坏处；第三段介绍一些尝试激活棕色脂肪或将白色脂肪转化为棕色脂肪的科学研究，表明其可行性；第四段预测这些研究的前景，以及带来的好处。由此可知，文章的主题是普及有关棕色脂肪的健康知识和医学应用，因此C项“这种有益的脂肪可以使你保持健康”突出了棕色脂肪的不同与作用，适合作为标题。故选C项。主旨大意题
主旨大意题解题思维
主题句必须能简洁明了地概括全文的主要内容，具有高度的综合性和概括性，文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步的解释、说明、论证或拓展。
2.一般说来说明文和议论都有主题句，而且多位于文章的开头，有时也位于文章的中间或末尾。
3.不能直接在文章中直接找到主题句，抓每一段的主旨句，一般在段首。理清楚段与段之间逻辑关系然后自己归纳总结。
模板1 标题归纳题
标题模板 简洁：短小精悍，多为短语,动名词短语或祈使句。 概括：概括全文、涵盖性强、体现主旨； 针对：标题外延与文章内容相符，范围一致，不会以偏概全； 醒目：新颖奇特，激发读者的阅读兴趣；
答题规律 正面思维肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，串联细节共同点，断定标题。； 逆向思维否定法：抛开原文，设想各个选项为“标题”用它们写出来的“文章”会是什么内容，然后和原文章对照，依次排除不符选项； 3. 研读备选项差异：研读四个选项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、概括性等。
干扰项特点 断章取义(仅为文中一细节)、以偏概全、物种生有、范围过大。
模板2 段落大意题
结构法和关键词法
总分：主题句在段首；
分总：主题句在段尾；
总分总：主题句段首尾前后呼应；
分总分：开头抛砖引玉，主题在段总；
关键词：抓住段落中出现频率较高的关键词，然后对其概括和归纳，确定段落大意。
答题规律 主题句的判断
段首 段尾 主题句多为段首第一句(观点或对象)；或第一句抛砖引玉引出第二句。 主题句也常为段尾句(结论或总结)。
段中 前面的话是为引出主题而摆出问题或现象。
无主题句 没有主题句，需根据段落内容自己概括。重点提炼各个段落首句，兼顾尾句。
模板3 文章大意题
四种方法巧利用
文体法：新闻报道主旨在第一句；说明文主旨在第一段或第二段；议论文主旨在首段或尾段；记叙文主旨一般在尾段或首尾呼应。
主题句法：读文章标题；略读各段首尾句；读首段和尾端；读逻辑关联词后的句子内容。
高频词法：寻找文中出现频率较高的关键词。
概括法：中心主旨隐含在句子中，需要考生根据已知的细节归纳出文中的大意。
主题句特点
1. 段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however, but, in fact, actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。 2. 首段出现疑问句时，对该问句的回答很可能就是文章主旨。 3. 作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。 4. 表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等词，通常是主旨。
命题点01 标题归纳题
【典例01】
（2023·浙江嘉兴·统考一模）
It was a quiet morning in the library, and we librarians were enjoying a rather loud chat. Suddenly, a patron (常客) marched up to us, gave us an annoyed “Shush!” and went back to her seat. How strange for a group of librarians to be shushed by a patron! Shouldn’t it be the other way around
Well, it’s complicated. If you’re like me, a middle-aged woman, you probably remember libraries as places of silent reading. These days, however, libraries are more like active community centers.
In the past, most libraries didn’t focus much on programs for kids whose age made it impossible for them to be quiet on demand. But growing knowledge about the importance of kids and teens learning through hands-on experiences has since caused a sea change in how libraries connect with young readers. Now libraries begin offering interactive programs for kids, including crafts, board games, and story times. These types of programs certainly aren’t designed to be silent.
Along with more programs for ever-younger children, technology today has played a part in the transformation of libraries into places where both kids and adults can use computers, make something on a 3D printer and more. In addition, many libraries now offer programs for adults, who can participate in in book discussion, learn calligraphy, and even take college classes.
Of course, libraries still need peaceful phones. These days, many libraries have glassed-off study rooms or quiet areas. They are also less noisy in the early afternoons, after morning children’s programs and before the after-school kid crowd arrive.
It’s clear to me now that on the day my colleagues and I were shushed by a patron, we should have been using our “library voices” as we talked. Still, it’s unlikely that libraries will ever return to the days when they were places of silence. There’s just too much fun and learning happening.
46．What would be the best title for the text
A．Libraries Should be Loud B．Reading Can be Fun in Libraries
C．Libraries Make Learning Happen D．Library Programs Target Children
【典例02】
（2023·广东深圳·高三校考阶段练习）
Today, poetry and science are often considered to be mutually exclusive career paths. But that wasn’t always the case. The mathematician A da Lovelace and the physicist James Clerk Mahwah were both accomplished poets. The poet John Keats was a licensed surgeon. Combining the two practices fell out of favor in the 1800s. But translating research into lyrics, haiku, and other poetic forms is resurging (再现) among scientists as they look for alternative ways to inspire others with their findings.
“Poetry is a great tool for questioning the world,” says Sam Illingworth, a poet and a geoscientist who works at the University of Western Australia. Through workshops and a new science-poetry journal, called Consilience, Illingworth is helping scientists to translate their latest results into poems that can attract appreciation from those outside of their immediate scientific field.
Stephany Mazon, a scientist from the University of Helsinki in Finland, joined one of Illingworth’s workshops. In the workshop, she was grouped with other scientists and tasked with writing a haiku, a 17-syllable-long poem, which spotlighted water, a fluid that featured in all of the group members’ research projects. “It was a lot of fun, and surprisingly easy to write the poem,” Mazon says. She plans to continue writing. “We do a disservice(伤害) to ourselves to think that scientists can’t be artistic and that art can’t be use a to communicate scientific ideas,” Mazon says.
That viewpoint is echoed by Illingworth, who thinks science communication initiatives are too often dominated by public lectures with their hands-off PowerPoint slides. “Actually, when science communication involves writing and sharing poems, it invites a two-way dialogue between experts and nonexperts,” he says. Scientist-poet Manjula Silva, an educator at Imperial College London, agrees. Poetry provides a way to translate complex scientific concepts into a language that everyone can understand, Silva says.
Scientists and poets are both trying to understand the world and communicate that understanding with others. The distinction between scientists and poets is less than people might think. We’re all just people with hopefully really interesting things to say and to share.
39．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Poetry: A Great Tool to Question the World
B．Scientists Take on Poetry
C．Science Communication: A Two-way Dialogue
D．Scientists and Poets Think Alike
命题点02 段落大意题
【典例01】
（2023·湖南长沙·高三湖南师大附中校考阶段练习）
Despite being connected online, no matter what state you’re from, each city still retains its own language and slang. At my public high school in Los Angeles, we had our own secret language. A party was a “yart”. A beer was a “brewsky”. If I tried to use these words in front of anyone that didn’t live in Los Angeles, they would have no idea what was going on. When I came to college and used these words around my roommate from the East Coast, she would look at me with a blank stare.
......
Whether the way we talk is regional or from online, the soul of communication lies in its power to connect people, foster understanding, and facilitate interactions that shape our personal and social lives. I have often found it’s the way we connect with the people we live around.
58．What is mainly talked about in the last paragraph
A．The means of communication. B．The nature of communication.
C．The elements of communication. D．The process of communication.
【典例02】
（2023·浙江嘉兴·统考一模）
......
In the past, most libraries didn’t focus much on programs for kids whose age made it impossible for them to be quiet on demand. But growing knowledge about the importance of kids and teens learning through hands-on experiences has since caused a sea change in how libraries connect with young readers. Now libraries begin offering interactive programs for kids, including crafts, board games, and story times. These types of programs certainly aren’t designed to be silent.
44．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The past and the present of libraries. B．The reason for the change of libraries.
C．The activities for young children in libraries. D．The connection between libraries and readers.
命题点03 文章大意题
【典例】
（2023·河南驻马店·高三校联考阶段练习）
We had finally decided to skip our traditional family dinner and make the trip to Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade when Kerry was 5. Like many other families we packed a small backpack with sliced turkey sandwiches and juice boxes. After getting off the train, we were walking up to the entrance when Kerry spotted a homeless woman sitting in the shadows, invisible to all except my curious daughter.
“What’s that ” she asked. Linda and I looked at each other, worried about the need to explain something very different than the happy scene we were about to join. During our first years of parenthood we’d discussed how we would explain such topics as life, death, and love. But homelessness It came so suddenly that we just gave as simple an explanation as we could and continued on to the parade.
The following year, we decided to attend the parade again. So the night before Thanksgiving we went shopping for sliced turkey for sandwiches. “Can we bring some sandwiches for those people ” she inquired, Again, Kerry caught us off guard. “Why ” was my first reaction. But we knew immediately whom she meant. How could we refuse Why would we refuse This was a golden opportunity to honor Kerry’s sense of charity. Six-year-old Kerry was teaching us an important lesson. That night we prepared and packed two-dozen sandwiches into our now overstuffed backpack.
Scanning the shadows after reaching Manhattan again, Kerry spotted a homeless man sitting in the same spot as last year. We stopped and took out the first of the little feasts from the pack. Without a word of instruction, we handed it to Kerry. She walked over to the man slowly, handing the sandwich to him. Neither spoke a word. Then we were off to the parade, stopping along the way to distribute the rest of the sandwiches, except one for each of us.
Somehow, no giant Thanksgiving sit-down feast ever tasted as good as those sandwiches. Over the next decade we did the same things again and again. After all, there’s nothing like sharing a turkey sandwich with new friends.
8．What does the author mainly want to tell us about Thanksgiving
A．It’s a word of action. B．It’s an old tradition.
C．It’s a good time of reunion. D．It’s a surprising feast.
1.（2023·河南驻马店·高三校联考阶段练习）
Fallen leaves are everywhere as winter comes. Traditionally, people sweep up the fallen leaves, put them in bags and send them to landfills. But there is a growing movement to leave leaves on the ground. They’ll naturally break down over the winter into rich organic matter. The matter also shelters some insects.
But some leaves prevent the growth of other plants. Black walnut (黑胡桃), for example, contains a poison in its leaves that kills many plants, including apples, peppers, tomatoes and potatoes. Besides, whole leaves should not be permitted to remain on walkways, where they could make the path dangerously slippery. They should also not be left on grass lawns, where they are likely to cause disease. In areas that experience snow cover, water would become trapped between grass and leaves. In areas without snow, whole leaves that cover grasses block water and sunlight from reaching the soil below.
Many people choose to break up the leaves using a machine and let the pieces fall between pieces of grass. Then the pieces break down further in the soil. However, this treatment can kill insects and their eggs.
Another method is to take the leaves off the lawn and spread them lightly to cover garden beds. The leaves mostly break down by spring and almost entirely by summer. But if not, they should be removed before spring growth begins.
Leaves also can be used to make leaf mold (腐叶土), a type of fertilizer made entirely from leaves. Just put the leaves in a corner, add nitrogen fertilizer (氮肥), and then water them to keep them wet inside. It may take a year or two, but the leaves will break down into a nutritious soil.
Fallen leaves build rich soil, protect plant roots and shelter wildlife, in your garden, and elsewhere. Done correctly, leaving the leaves is one of the best ways to turn yard waste into free fertilizer, which is good for plants, the environment, and saving money. Why waste that important resource
31．What is the most suitable title for the text
A．How Can Fallen Leaves Be Turned into Art B．Do Leaves Fall to the Ground Around the Roots
C．Should You “Leave the Leaves” on the Ground D．Will What Comes from Leaves Return to the Soil
2.（2023·宁夏银川·高三银川唐徕回民中学校考）
Languages like Italian or Finnish can be spelled more easily because each letter of the alphabet matches to one sound. Students studying these languages can have 90 percent reading accuracy after the first year. However, students even after years of learning English are still far below Italian or Finnish students in reading accuracy.
English started as a Germanic language. It is most closely connected to German and Dutch, especially in grammar and basic vocabulary. During the Norman invasion in the 12th century, Old English was spoken but French was used in government and legal documents. And Latin was used in religious and educational activities. As a result, more French and Latin words entered the English language. The printing press invented in the late 1400s helped to establish English spelling. The English of today is how the language was written at the time. However, the spoken language started to change in the 1500s with the pronunciation of all long vowels (元音). For example, “bite” was pronounced closer to “beet” in the 1400s, before changing through the years to its current sound. The effect was that the English language had old spellings, but new sounds.
English has 26 letters in the alphabet, but over 44 individual sounds depending on the variation of spoken English. There are several sounds represented by only one letter. For example, the letter “C” can sound like an “S” as in “city”. And it also sounds like a “K” as in “cat”.
There are only 5 or 6 vowel letters in the English alphabet. They include A, E, I, O, U, and sometimes Y. But there are 20 different ways to sound them. At the centre is the most common vowel sound of “uhhh”. It is the most relaxed and natural sound. It takes almost no effort of the tongue or throat to create the sound. Since it takes little effort, the sound “uhhh” often makes its way into pronunciations. For example, the word “please” often turns into “PUH-lease” when someone is trying to call attention. This is another reason why spelling in English is so difficult!
25．What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The complex history of English.
B．The formation of modern English.
C．The influence of English on other languages.
D．Factors promoting the development of English.
3.（2023·福建·高三校联考期中）
Imagine you can open your fridge, open an app on your phone and immediately know which items will go bad soon. This is one of the applications that a new technology developed by engineers at the University of California San Diego would enable.
The technology combines a chip (芯片) integrated into product packaging and a software update on your phone. The phone becomes capable of identifying objects based on signals the chip sends out from specific frequencies, in this case Bluetooth or WiFi. In an industrial setting, a smartphone equipped with the software update could be used as a radio frequency identification (RFID) reader.
The work uses breakthroughs in backscatter (反向散射) communication, which uses signals already generated by your smartphone and re-directs them back in a format your phone can understand. Effectively, this technique uses less power than the latest technology to generate WiFi signals.
The custom chip, which is roughly the size of a grain of sand and costs only a few pennies to produce, needs so little power that it can be entirely powered by LTE signals, a technique for wireless broadband communication for mobile devices. The chip turns Bluetooth signals into WiFi signals, which can in turn be detected by a smartphone with that specific software update.
The technology’s broader promise is the development of devices that do not need batteries because they can harvest power from LTE signals instead. This in turn would lead to devices that are significantly less expensive that last longer, said Dinesh Bharadia, one of the paper’s senior authors.
“E-waste, especially batteries, is one of the biggest problems the planet is facing, after climate change,” Bharadia said.
For future research, the team will integrate this technology into other projects to demonstrate its capabilities, and they also hope to commercialize it, either through a startup or through an industry partner.
16．Which is the most suitable title for the text
A．New technology turns smartphones into RFID readers
B．Smartphones need to be equipped with soft updates
C．RFID readers obtain new chips and have new functions
D．Backscatter communication makes the best of smartphones
4.（2023·河北·高三泊头市第一中学校联考期中）
Research has found that using wood for construction instead of concrete and steel can reduce emissions. But Tim Searchinger at Princeton University says many of these studies are based on the false foundation that harvesting wood is carbon neutral (碳中和). “Only a small percentage of the wood gets into a timber (木料) product, and a part of that gets into a timber product that can replace concrete and steel in a building,” he says. Efficiencies vary in different countries, but large amounts of a harvested tree are left to be divided into parts, used in short-lived products like paper or burned for energy, all of which generate emissions.
In a report for the World Resources Institute, Searchinger and his colleagues have modelled how using more wood for construction would affect emissions between 2010 and 2050, accounting for the emissions from harvesting the wood. They considered various types of forests and parts of wood going towards construction. They also factored in the emissions savings from replacing concrete and steel.
Under some circumstances, the researchers found significant emissions reductions. But each case required what they considered an unrealistically high portion of the wood going towards construction, as well as rapid growth only seen in warmer places, like Brazil. In general, they found a large increase in global demand for wood would probably lead to rising emissions for decades. Accounting for emissions in this way, the researchers reported in a related paper that increasing forest harvests between 2010 and 2050 would add emissions equal to roughly 10 percent of total annual emissions.
Ali Amiri at Aalto University in Finland says the report’s conclusions about emissions from rising demand are probably correct, but the story is different for wood we already harvest. “Boosting the efficiency of current harvests and using more wood for longer lived purposes than paper would cut emissions,” he says. “We cannot just say we should stop using wood.”
10．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A．The process of the new research. B．The background of the new study.
C．The challenge of the new research. D．The achievements of the new study.
5.（2023·福建泉州·高三校考期中）
IT’S A TYPICAL morning: you wake up, take a shower, brush your teeth, and then prick (刺; 扎) your arm with a tiny needle. Wait, what Unless you have a serious disease such as diabetes, you probably haven’t ever tested your own blood. But in the future, that might change.
The company Cor already sells a system for home blood testing. You stick your arm using a supposedly painless, one-off , blood-drawing cartridge (针筒) about the size of a lipstick. Then you stick the cartridge into a device that looks like the base for an electric toothbrush. A few minutes later, an app on your phone buzzes with updated information, including your current health data and tips on what to eat and how to exercise during the day.
It’s true that blood contains a wealth of information about a person’s health. Blood tests can show if a person is infected with a disease or at risk for a variety of problems, including a heart attack or a stroke. But most people don’t test their own blood until a doctor says it’s time. Healthy young adults get regular blood tests about every five years. These tests happen at a lab, where a technician or a nurse sticks a long needle into the arm to draw out several tubes full of blood. Cor and similar companies, such as WellnessFX, are trying to change all that. They think people deserve access to more information about their own health.
But not everyone is convinced that regular blood testing for healthy people is a great idea. Cor’s system is expensive and may pot offer much benefit. “The lightest result here is that you lose your money and then you’re reminded to get more sleep and to eat more fruits, vegetables, and fish,” Pieter Cohen of Harvard Medical School told the New York Times. “The worst result is that you end up getting frightened by probably abnormal results that are actually completely normal for you.”
Plus, the results of a home blood test might be wrong. It’s hard to get accurate results from a tiny amount of blood. So what do you think Is monitoring your own health via pinpricks the way of the future Or is it better to leave blood testing to medical professionals
8．Which of the following could be the best title for the text
A．Home blood tests: yes or no B．Should blood tests be allowed at home
C．A new system of improving your health. D．Home blood testing: your health monitor!
6.（2023·四川雅安·高三统考阶段练习）
New research links outdoor air pollution — even at levels considered safe — to an increased risk of diabetes (糖尿病) globally, according to a study from the VA St. Louis Health Care System. The findings raise the possibility that reducing pollution may lead to a drop in diabetes cases in heavily polluted countries such as India and less polluted ones such as the United States.
Diabetes is one of the fastest growing diseases, affecting more than 500 million people worldwide. The main drivers of diabetes include eating an unhealthy diet, having a sedentary lifestyle and obesity, but the new research indicates the extent to which outdoor air pollution plays a role.
“Our research shows a significant link between air pollution and diabetes globally,” said Ziyad Al-Aly, MD, the study’s senior author and an assistant professor of medicine at the University of Washington. “We found an increased risk, even at low levels of air pollution currently considered safe by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the World Health Organization (WHO). This is important because many industry lobbying (游说) groups argue that current levels are too stringent and should be relaxed. Evidence shows that current levels are still not sufficiently safe and need to be tightened.”
While growing evidence has suggested a link between air pollution and diabetes, researchers have not attempted to quantify that burden until now. “Over the past two decades, there have been bits of research about diabetes and pollution,” said Al-Aly. “We wanted to thread together the pieces for a broader, more solid understanding.”
The researchers also found that the overall risk of pollution-related diabetes tilted (倾斜) more toward lower-income countries such as India that lack the resources for environmental mitigation systems and clean-air policies. For instance, poverty-stricken countries facing a higher diabetes-pollution risk include Afghanistan, Papua New Guinea and Guyana, while richer countries such as France, Finland and Iceland experience a lower risk. The US experiences a medium risk of pollution-related diabetes.
32．What can be the best title for the text
A．Current pollution control levels need to be tightened
B．Diabetes is one of the fastest growing diseases globally
C．Air pollution contributes significantly to diabetes globally
D．Poverty-stricken countries face a higher diabetes-pollution risk
7.（2023·河南驻马店·高三校联考阶段练习）
We, modern humans, spend 90% of our time inside, traveling between homes and offices, schools and apartments, restaurants and gyms. I’ve been hearing this statistic so much that I started to wonder if it was an urban legend. It’s not! The best reference for the statistic appears to be The National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS).
The survey was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). “EPA’s main purpose for collecting the NHAPS data was to provide diary records that could be used as inputs for computer-based human exposure models,” says the study. In other words, in order to understand how humans might be impacted by pollutants in our various indoor and outdoor environments, scientists needed to know how much time we spend in different locations.
The survey was conducted by the University of Maryland’s Survey Research Center. The survey used telephone interviews to collect 24-hour retrospective (回顾的) diaries from each respondent (调查对象). Between 340 and 1, 713 respondents were interviewed in each of the ten EPA regions across the 48 neighboring states. Respondents were generally representative of the whole nation for gender, age, race, and educational attainment.
Americans spend 87% of their time indoors and an additional 6% in an enclosed vehicle. These proportions (比例) are also fairly constant across various regions of the United States and Canada. The finding that emerges is that we are basically an indoor species. In a modern society, total time outdoors is the most negligible part of the day, often so small that it barely shows up in the total.
Is the study accurate Probably not. It may not take into account some populations that spend a high proportion of time outside. As the study states, “Those who were away from a home for extended periods were not included in the survey. These individuals may be more likely than those who were at home to spend large quantities of time outdoors.” Also, the survey methodology also doesn’t account well for bits of time spent taking out the trash, walking to the car, or taking a smoke break outside.
35．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．A suggestion for further studies. B．A possible reason for the finding.
C．An explanation of the research method. D．A major limitation of the study.
8.（2023·辽宁丹东·高三校联考阶段练习）
Crime fiction books have been popular with readers for many decades-so popular, in fact, that at a recent London Book Fair sales of the genre (类型) overtook general fiction for the first time ever, a development that had been widely mercial success, of course, does not impress everyone and there are those who believe crime fiction should not be held in such high regard. Well-known in this group is Sebastian Franklin, who has argued that most crime fiction books look more like crossword puzzles than literature. However, increasingly this is a minority opinion as crime fiction is becoming recognized as a rich and dynamic literary genre in around the world.
Crime writing really came to the public’s notice in the 1920s and 1930s with the books of the British author Agatha Christie. Christie was a productive writer, publishing more than 60 detective novels over a 50-year period, beginning in 1920.
Without a doubt, there are certain elements that tend to be repeated in Christie’s books. The stories generally focus on a well-off circle of people, whose peaceful lives are thrown into chaos by an unexplained crime. The location is often a restricted space of some sort: a train, an island, a boat, or a village. This is quite different, for example, to the world of the fictional detective Sherlock Holmes, who often has the entire city of London as his hunting ground.
The books are also action-packed just like today’s most popular thrillers (惊悚小说). Christie mastered the art of the page-turner: events unfold so quickly and unpredictably that we keep reading to find out what happens next. The most significant consequence is that it is so simple to overlook vital clues.
It is worth reading a Christie book a second time just to notice how carefully she hides crucial information about the criminal’s identity.
A survey of contemporary crime writing shows that Agatha Christie’s legacy (遗产) is more important now than at any time previously, at the very point when crime writing has become the most popular of all book genres.
24．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．The Influence of Crime Writer Agatha Christie B．The Surprising Rise of Crime Fiction Books
C．Agatha Christie Enjoys Growing Wealth and Fame D．Crime Writers Sharpen Their Writing Skills
9.（2023·湖南长沙·高三湖南师大附中校考）
Despite being connected online, no matter what state you’re from, each city still retains its own language and slang. At my public high school in Los Angeles, we had our own secret language. A party was a “yart”. A beer was a “brewsky”. If I tried to use these words in front of anyone that didn’t live in Los Angeles, they would have no idea what was going on. When I came to college and used these words around my roommate from the East Coast, she would look at me with a blank stare.
Teenagers are often blamed for pulling apart standard linguistic patterns. The way my parents used to talk isn’t the same way that teenagers talk now. But it reflects the dynamic nature of language, which evolves over time due to various influences, including generational shifts and technological advancements. Teenagers, at an age when they are actively exploring their identity and seeking to differentiate themselves from previous generations, often play a significant role in this evolution.
It’s interesting to note that people around the world all have different terms for everyday things. Last year, I came across a British show called Love Island, which is a reality show that mixes people from different parts of the U. K. in a “villa”(another word Americans don’t typically say) for about eight weeks. As a bystander, the way they talked felt so elegant and fun, but to them, it was just normal.
Whether the way we talk is regional or from online, the soul of communication lies in its power to connect people, foster understanding, and facilitate interactions that shape our personal and social lives. I have often found it’s the way we connect with the people we live around.
20．What is mainly talked about in the last paragraph
A．The means of communication. B．The nature of communication.
C．The elements of communication. D．The process of communication.
10.（2023·福建·高三校联考阶段练习）
Not all fat is created equal. The fat most people picture is known as white fat, since it looks white or white-yellow when you see it under the skin. But you’re also born with brown fat, which, unsurprisingly, looks brown.
Brown fat — found in the neck and shoulders of newborns — is metabolically (新陈代谢地) efficient, in that it burns lots of calories, which serves the purpose of keeping you warm (important for newborns). We lose most of our brown fat as we age. By age six, we have less than five percent of the brown fat we were born with; the fat we gain over time is almost all white fat. One of the major causes of shortened lifetime and illnesses like type 2 diabetes and many cancers is the increasing level of white fat. So scientists have long tried to find ways to activate that fat or turn white fat into brown fat.
However, one roadblock to using brown fat is that all the good stuff that brown fat does has to be programmed into the previously white fat, but that has proved doable. A group in Delaware has activated brown fat in a few women with an already approved medication. Researchers at the University of Copenhagen (UCPH) have put white fat in test tubes and turned it into brown fat. They then injected the brown fat into fat sheep. As hoped, the sheep with more brown fat got thin and lost their metabolic syndrome and diabetes.
The timetable for this game-changing ability to turn white fat to brown fat is predicted to be less than five years away after human studies start. If scientists find a way to replace white fat with brown fat, it will likely mitigate risks of diseases like diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and brain disorder greatly and provide increased energy levels. That is, you become operationally younger. Bring it on!
28．What can be the best title for the text
A．Make the best of white fat B．Activating brown fat vs changing white fat
C．This good fat could keep you healthy D．Brown fat helps keep babies warm

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