资源简介

Unit 1 知识清单
重点词汇变形 Reading
1. inventor (n. )发明家—invent (v. )发明 —invention (n. )发明
2. musician (n.)音乐家—music (n.)音乐—musical (adj.)音乐的 [拓展]musical instrument 乐器
3. born (v. )出生 — birth (n.) 出生(give birth to 生育) [注意]bear (v.生育)
4. scientist (n.) 科学家 — science (n.) 科学 — scientific (adj.) 仔细严谨的;科学的
5. intelligence (n.)才智;智慧 — intelligent (adj.)有智慧的
6. ability (n.)能力;才能 — abilities[pl]— able (adj.)能,能够(be able to do sth.能够做某事)
[反义词]unable (adj. )不能做到的 — disabled (adj.)残疾的( the disabled 残疾人)
Italian (n.) 意大利人& (adj.)意大利的— Italy (n.) 意大利
artistic (adj.) 有艺术天赋的—artist (n.)艺术家
include (v.)包括 — including (prep.)包括 [拓展]= involve (v.)/contain (v.) 包含,含有
10. even (adv.)(强调出乎意料)甚至 — 固定搭配:even if / even though 即使
11.however adv.(作副词)然而 [拓展] whatever 无论何事 whenever不管何时 whoever无论谁 wherever 不管在哪里
12 suddenly (adv.)突然;忽然 — sudden (adj.)突然的;忽然的
13. disappear (v. )消失 — disappearance (n. )消失 —[反义词]appear (v.)出现
14. grow (v. )生长,长大—grew过去时—grown过去分词—growth (n.)生长[短语]grow up 长大
扩展
1. knowledge(n.)知识 —knowledgeable (adj.) 知识渊博的
2. unimportant (adj.) 不重要的—importance (n.)重要性
3. attract(v.)吸引 —attraction (n.) 吸引人的事物;景点 —attractive (adj.) 吸引人的
4. type(n.种类) & (v.打字) —typist(n.打字员) [拓展] a type of=a kind of 一种
5. edition (n.版本)—editor(n.编辑师) —edit(v.编辑)
5. volume (n.)卷，册 publish (v.)出版
7. in alphabetical order 按字母顺序
重点短语
1.在乡村;在农村 in the countryside 2.灭绝;消失 die out
3.了解到;弄清 find out 4.去散步 go for a walk
5.人类 human beings 6.在地球上 on(the) Earth
7.例如 for example 8.逐渐长大 grow older
9.出生 be born 10.在图片 a 中 in Picture a
11.(在字典里)查找 look up 12.从很小的时候 from an early age
13.大智慧 great intelligence 14.艺术天赋 artistic ability
15.重要的东西 something important 16.因为……而出名 be famous for
17.各种各样的 all kinds of 18.由……组成 consist of
19.超过 more than 20.总的来说 in general
21.keep a notebook 记笔记 22.in dry weather 在干燥的天气
23. take pictures of…拍…照片 24. give information on 给予...的信息
Key sentences:
1. From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic ability.
2. As he grew older, he learnt to do many different things.
3. Dinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 million years before human beings.
4. Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens.
5. However, some dinosaurs liked to eat meat.
6. Then, suddenly, they all died out.
【课文重点句子讲解】
1. From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic ability.
从很小的时候，他就表现出杰出的才智和艺术才能
have the ability to do sth= be able to do sth =can do sth能够做某事
As he grew older, he learnt to do many different things.
随着他长大，他学会了做很多事情。
(1) as conj. 随着......
(2) grow +adj 渐渐变得......
3. Dinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 million years before human
beings. 恐龙早于人类六千多万年就生活在地球上了。
more than “超过；超出”= over. 其反义词是：less than 少于
million “百万”
million 与具体数字连用时，不加S “几百万”
与of 连用时，要加S “数以百万计的”
另外：hundred; thousand和million用法相同。
There are two thousand students in this school.
He wrote hundreds of songs.
Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens.一些恐龙和鸡一样小。
as...as...“和......一样”当表示两个比较对象在某一方面相同时，用“as+adj/adv原级”结构， 表示：“（A与B一样......）”
【拓展】比较两个对象时，若一方不及另一方，则用“not as +adj/adv原级+as”或
“not so +adj/adv原级+as”，表示“A不如B”
Our school is not as big as yours.(yours=your school)
5. However, some dinosaurs liked to eat meat. 然而，一些恐龙喜欢吃肉。
however adv.然而；但是, 可位于句首；句中或句末。 位于句首时，其后用逗号；位于句中时，其前后都用逗号；用于句末时，其前用逗号。
(1) However, this does not always happen.
(2) She is ill. She goes to work, however, and stays up late.
她病了，然而她仍就去上班并且还熬夜。
　(3) He says that it is so. He is wrong, however.
【辨析】however/ but
however “然而”； 转折意味较弱 位于句首；句中；句末 后面常用逗号分开
but “但是” 转折意味很强烈 位于分句的句首 后面不使用逗号
6. Then, suddenly, they all died out.
die out=disappear 灭绝
【词语辨析】die of/ die from
die of “死于”；一般指死因存在人体之上或者之内 （主要指疾病；衰老等自身原因） die of illness(heart attack/ cancer)等
die from “死于”；通常指死因由环境造成的 （主要指事故方面的外部原因） die from earthquake/ accident
Grammar语法专讲
一、普通不定代词：some和any的基本用法
Some, any 可与可数名词复数，不可数名词连用。
Some 一般用于肯定句，译为“一些”；any一般用于否定句，疑问句。
I have some story books.
There is some milk in the bottle.
I don’t have any money. Do you have any
二、some, any 的特殊用法
1、在疑问句中一般不用some, 只有当问句表示一种邀请,建议或请求，或期待一个肯定
回答时，才能用some.
Would you like some coffee
2、some 用于单数可数名词前，表示“某个”
This morning some girl asked for you.
3.any可以用于条件句中或者肯定句中，表示“任何”。
If you have any questions, ask me.
三、复合不定代词：由some, any, no,every 与body, thing, one 组合而成。
-one(人 ) -thing（物） -body（人）
some- someone something somebody
any- anyone anything anybody
every- everyone everything everybody
no- none nothing nobody
注意：
1、一般情况下，由some构成的复合不定代词用在肯定句中，由any构成的复合不定代　　
　词用在疑问句和否定句中；由no构成的复合不定代词表示否定意思。
2、 someone/somebody “某人” 和something “某物”常用于肯定句中；如果表示希望得
到他人肯定回答时，用：someone/somebody “某人” 或者something “某物”
There is someone in the room.
Would you like something to drink
3、复合不定代词做主语，谓语动词用单数。
Somebody is knocking at the door.
4、当复合不定代词被形容词或else修饰时，复合不定代词总是位于修饰词之前。
There is something wrong with my computer.
4. Nobody =not....anybody nothing= not ... anything

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