资源简介

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2023-2024学年高二上学期期末模拟试卷02
英 语 （上海专用）
I.Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分）
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1．
A．At a newsstand. B．At a car dealer’s.
C．At a publishing house. D．At a newspaper office.
【答案】D
【原文】M: Excuse me. I’d like to place an advertisement for a used car in this Sunday edition of your paper.
W: OK, but you have to run your advertisement all week. We can’t quote rates for just Sunday.
Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place
2．
A．Waiter and guest. B．Husband and wife.
C．Mother and son. D．Boss and employee.
【答案】C
【原文】W: How are you getting on with your study, dear Tom
M: I make rapid progress in English as well as Chinese and Maths.
Question: What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers
3．
A．The teacher evaluated lacks teaching experience.
B．She does not quite agree with what the man said.
C．The man had better talk with the students himself.
D．New students usually cannot offer a fair evaluation.
【答案】B
【原文】M: I hear the students gave the new teacher an unfair evaluation.
W: It depends on which students you are talking about.
Question: What does the woman imply
4．
A．Plan his budget carefully. B．Give her more information.
C．Ask someone else for advice. D．Buy a gift for his girlfriend.
【答案】B
【原文】M. Christmas is round the corner and I’m looking for a gift for my girlfriend. Any suggestions
W: Well, you have to tell me something about your girlfriend first. Also, what’s your budget
Q: What does the woman want the man to do
5．
A．Her overcoat is as stylish as Jill’s. B．Jill missed her class last week.
C．Jill wore the overcoat last week. D．She is in the same class as the man.
【答案】C
【原文】M: This is a stylish overcoat. I saw you wearing it last week, didn’t I
W: Oh, that wasn’t me. That was my sister Jill. She’s in your class.
Q: What does the woman mean
6．
A．An art museum. B．A beautiful park.
C．A college campus. D．An architecture exhibition.
【答案】C
【原文】W: Well, I do like this campus, all the big trees, the green lawns, and the old buildings with tall columns. It’s really beautiful.
M: It sure is. The architecture of these buildings is in the Greek style. It was popular in the 18th century here.
Question: What are the speakers talking about
7．
A．He is a librarian. B．He is a professor.
C．He is an accountant. D．He is a reporter.
【答案】C
【原文】W. How do you like your new job, Bill
M: Fine. This week I have been reading the reports and studying the books. Next week I will probably start to handle some of the accounts.
Q: What did the man do for a living
8．
A．Whether the man has attended the conference.
B．Whether the conference is successful.
C．Whether the photos are ready.
D．Whether the quality of the pictures is good.
【答案】D
【原文】M: The photos I took at the conference should be ready today.
W: I can’t wait to see them. I don’t know whether they are as good as I thought.
Q: What’s the woman anxious to know
9．
A．To put him through to the director.
B．To have a talk with the director about his work.
C．To arrange an appointment for him with the director.
D．To go and see if the director can meet him right now.
【答案】C
【原文】M: I’d like to have a talk with your director sometime this week. Could you arrange it for me
W: He’s rather busy these days. But I’ll see what I can do.
Q: What’s the man asking the woman to do
10．
A．Give Bob a phone call. B．Go and pick Bob up.
C．Go looking for Bob. D．Wait for Bob.
【答案】D
【原文】M: I can’t understand why Bob isn’t here yet. Do you think we should try to call him or go looking for him
W: He probably just got held up in traffic. Why don’t we give him a few minutes
Q: What are the speakers probably going to do
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the short passages and the longer conversation. The short passages and the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11．A．Peaceful. B．Considerate. C．Generous. D．Cooperative.
12．A．Someone dumped the clothes left in the washer and dryer.
B．Someone broke the washer and dryer by overloading them.
C．Mindy Lance’s laundry blocked the way to the laundry room.
D．Mindy Lance threatened to take revenge on her neighbours.
13．A．Asking the neighbourhood committee for help.
B．Limiting the amount of laundry for each wash.
C．Informing the building manager of the matter.
D．Installing a few more washers and dryers.
【答案】11．B 12．A 13．C
【原文】
When you live in an apartment building, where only wall separates you from your neighbours, everyone needs to be considerate of each other. That’s not what happened in my apartment building. Someone was always leaving the clothes in the washers and dryers in the laundry room. I got tired of running up and down the stairs to see if the clothes had been removed, so I could start my own one. Obviously someone else got tired too, because one day, someone took clothes from the washer and dryer, and dumped them in the corner. This act started a battle of letters posted on the wall of the laundry room. The first letter was from Mindy Lance who was really angry that her clothes had been removed from the washer and dryer, and dumped. She then threatened to dump everybody else’s clothes she herself found in the washer and dryer. Mindy Lance’s letter annoyed other residents and they posted the letters to her. Eventually, Mindy began to behave properly but hard feelings remained. The problem couldn’t have been resolved better. If residents had informed the building manager, she then could inform all residents that the clothes should be removed from the washers and dryers within 50 minutes after their wash is done. Those who refuse to obey might not have their leases renewed. That could be a fare consent solution. Neighbour problems may sometimes seem inevitable, but it’s important to solve them fairly.
Questions:
11. What does the speaker think residents in an apartment building need to be
12. What started a battle of letters in the laundry room
13. What does the speaker think might be a better way to solve the problem
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14．A．Physics. B．Chemistry. C．French. D．Media studies.
15．A．More than 144,000. B．About 147,500.
C．7.5% of all the test takers. D．4.6% of all the test takers.
16．A．Few students avoid harder subjects.
B．Each subject has the same level of difficulty.
C．Some subjects are more difficult than others.
D．Pupils are important to the country’s development.
【答案】14．B 15．A 16．C
【原文】
Now it’s 8:00, time for the educational report. GCSE is the British exam taken by the students in England and Wales around the age of 16. Recently researchers at university have confirmed the doubt of many parents and employers that some GCSEs are easier than others, despite official claims that each subject is equally difficult. The researchers found that sciences and modern languages were the hardest GCSEs to do well in. Chemistry ranked the hardest of the major subjects followed by physics and French. They also found that regardless of the ability students were more likely to gain good grades in easier subjects than in chemistry or French. Drama was the easiest GCSE to do well in, followed by physical education, media studies, English, English literature and religious studies. The number of test takers in physical education and religious studies rose faster than in any other subject last year. More than 144,000 pupils set GCSEs in physical education last summer, an increase of 7.5 per cent, and 147,500 took the religious studies exam, a rise of 4.6 per cent. However, it was the problem for the country if pupils avoided hard subjects. Fewer people would go on to study languages or sciences at A level in university, even though they were important to Britain’s future development.
Questions:
14. What is the most difficult subject according to the research
15. How many pupils took the test of physical education last year
16. What does the report mainly tell us about the GCSEs
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following passage.
17．A．To make preparations for a new publication.
B．To learn how couples spend their weekends.
C．To know how housework is shared.
D．To investigate what people do at the weekend.
18．A．He goes to exercise classes. B．He goes sailing.
C．He goes to the cinema. D．He stays at home.
19．A．Friday. B．Saturday. C．Sunday. D．Any weekday.
20．A．Surname. B．Job title. C．Address. D．Age.
【答案】17．A 18．D 19．B 20．A
【原文】W: Excuse me. Could I ask you some questions
M: Of course.
W: I work for an advertising agency; and I’m doing some research. It’s a new magazine one for people like you.
M: People like me What do you mean
W: Well, people between 25 and 35 years old.
M: OK.
W: Right. Em, what do you do at the weekend
M: Well, on Fridays my wife always goes to her exercise class. Then she visits friends.
W: Don’t you go out
M: Not on Fridays. I never go out on Fridays. I stay at home and watch television.
W: And on Saturdays
M: On Saturdays, my wife and I always go sailing together.
M: Em, we love it. We never miss it. And then in the evening we go out.
W: Where to
M: Different places. We sometimes go and see friends. We sometimes go to the cinema or a restaurant. But we always go out on Saturday evenings.
W: see. And now on Sunday, what happens on Sundays
M: Nothing special. We often go for a walk, and I always cook a big Sunday lunch.
W: Oh! How often do you do the cooking
M: Em, twice or three times a week.
W: Thank you very much. All I need now are your personal details: your name, your job, and so on. What’s your surname
M: Robinson.
Questions:
17. What is the main purpose of the research
18. What does the man do on Fridays
19. On which day does the couple always go out
20. Which personal detail does the man give
II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分）
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
In the past few years, scientists have found microplastics in our soil, tap water, bottled water, beer and even in the air we breathe. And there’s growing concern about the potential health risks they pose 21 humans.
The new analysis in the UK have discovered microplastics widely distributed across all 10 lakes and rivers sampled. More than 1,000 small pieces of plastic per litre were found in the River Tame, which was revealed last year as 22 (pollute) place tested worldwide. Even in relatively remote places such as the Falls of Dochart and Loch Lomond in Scotland, two or three pieces per litre were found.
Microplastics are not a specific kind of plastic, but rather any type of small pieces of plastic 23 is less than 5 mm in length according to the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. They 24 originate from a variety of sources, including cosmetics, clothing, and industrial processes.
Humans are known to consume the tiny plastic particles through food and water, but the possible health effects on people and ecosystems have yet 25 (determine). One study, in Singapore, has found that microplastics can harbor harmful microbes.
Research by the National University of Singapore found more than 400 types of bacteria on 275 pieces of microplastic 26 (collect) from local beaches. 27 included insects that cause gastroenteritis (肠胃炎) and wound infections in humans.
“Microplastics 28 (find) absolutely everywhere now but we do not know the harm they could be doing,” said Christian Dunn at Bangor University, Wales, who led the work. “It’s no use 29 (look) back in 20 years’ time and saying: ‘If only we’d realized just how bad it was.’ We need to be monitoring our waters now and we need to think, as a country and a world, 30 we can be reducing our reliance on plastic.”
【答案】
21．to 22．polluted 23．that 24．may 25．to be determined 26．collected 27．They 28．are being found 29．looking 30．how
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了微塑料的危害以及应对措施。
21．考查介词。句意：人们越来越担心它们对人类的潜在健康风险。pose a risk to“对……构成风险”是固定搭配。故填to。
22．考查非谓语动词。句意：去年，通过在全球范围内进行了测试，在Tame河发现了每升1000多块小塑料，这是一个受污染的地方。此处为非谓语，动词pollute和名词place之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词作定语，polluted已转化为形容词。故填polluted。
23．考查定语从句。句意：根据美国国家海洋和大气管理局的说法，微塑料不是一种特定的塑料，而是长度小于5毫米的任何类型的小塑料。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为any type of small pieces of plastic，指代事物，先行词中有any，应用that引导，在从句中作主语。故填that。
24．考查情态动词。句意：它们可能来自各种来源，包括化妆品、服装和工业过程。根据句意和句子结构可知，此处应用情态动词may和后文动词原形构成复合谓语，表示可能性。故填may。
25．考查动词固定句型。句意：众所周知，人类会通过食物和水摄入这些微小的塑料颗粒，但对人类和生态系统可能产生的健康影响尚未确定。have yet to do…是固定结构，等同于have not yet done，动词determine和主语之间是被动关系，故用其不定式的被动语态。故填to be determined。
26．考查非谓语动词。句意：新加坡国立大学的研究发现，从当地海滩收集的275块微塑料上有400多种细菌。此处为非谓语，动词collect和前文名词短语275 pieces of microplastic之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词作后置定语。故填collected。
27．考查代词。句意：其中包括引起肠胃炎和人类伤口感染的昆虫。根据句意可知，此处应用第三人称代词they指代前文名词复数more than 400 types of bacteria。句首字母大写，故填They。
28．考查时态和语态。句意：微塑料现在无处不在，但我们不知道它们可能造成的危害。动词find和主语之间是被动关系，根据时间状语now可知，此处应用现在进行时的被动语态。主语Microplastics是复数，主谓一致，故填are being found。
29．考查非谓语动词。句意：20年后回顾过去，说‘要是我们当时意识到它有多糟糕就好了’是没有用的。it is no use doing sth是固定句型，动名词作主语。故填looking。
30．考查宾语从句。句意：我们现在需要监测我们的水域，我们需要思考，作为一个国家和一个世界，我们如何减少对塑料的依赖。根据句意和结构可知，此处应用how引导宾语从句，作think的宾语，意为“如何”，表示方式。故填how。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．timidity B．refused C． set D．episode E. effect F. suffered G. amazed H. educational I. brief J. unteachable K. performed
An Experiment in Education
The best programme on TV last night was the first episode of a new series about education, and it was 31 on a farm. But this farm is not for animals it’s for children. The farm has been converted into a school for one class of difficult students. And it’s the job of one man to try and teach these students something in the two weeks they are there.
The class is a group of 16 boys and girls aged 13 and 14, who have all been expelled(被逐)from schools at least once. Their previous teachers said that they were “ 32 ” and judging by their behavior in the programme last night, it isn’t hard to see why. The teacher who has to deal with this class is 40-year-old Philip Beadle. Before working in education, Mr. Beadle played in a rock band. He gave up music eight years ago to become teacher. At his first school, he helped students who 33 learning difficulties to get the best English marks the school had ever seen. As a result, he was made Schoolteacher of the Year.
In the programme last night, we saw the students have their first lesson with Mr. Beadle. He started by playing a game, where he and the students pointed at each other and said something funny about the other person. This might not sound very 34 but it caught everyone’s attention. After that Mr. Beadle took his class outside for an English lesson. At their previous schools, most of these students 35 to read in front of their classmates, so Mr. Beadle took them to a filed to read to some cows to overcome 36 . Each student read a(n) 37 quote from a Shakespeare play to them and the students seemed to enjoy it. In the next scene, Mr. Beadle took them to another field to teach them basic punctuation. He did this through another game where he asked the students to jump around clap their hands and shout. “question mark!” and “semicolon!” Everyone seemed to enjoy this strange way of learning. By the end of the 38 the students were indeed starting to accept their new teacher. Some of them even said he was “all right”.
I really enjoyed this show because the teacher had such a positive 39 on the students. If, like me, you are 40 by this experiment in education, you will want to the whole series. Personally, I can’t wait to see what happens next!
【答案】
31．C 32．J 33．F 34．H 35．B 36．A 37．I 38．D 39．E 40．G
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。介绍了一档关于教育实验的节目。
31．考查动词。句意：昨晚电视上最好的节目是一个关于教育的新系列的第一集，它以农场为背景。结合句意分析句子结构可知，it指代上文中的programme，此处缺少动词的过去分词构成被动，set“ 以……为背景”符合句意，故选择C项。
32．考查形容词。句意：他们之前的老师说，他们是“不可教的”，从他们昨晚在节目中的行为来看，不难看出原因。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少形容词作表语，根据上文“The class is a group of 16 boys and girls aged 13 and 14, who have all been expelled(被逐)from schools at least once.（这个班由16名13岁和14岁的男孩和女孩组成，他们都被开除了至少一次。）”可知，unteachable“不可教的”符合句意，故选择J项。
33．考查动词。句意：在他的第一所学校，他帮助学习困难的学生取得了学校有史以来最好的英语成绩。分析句子结构可知，从句中缺少谓语动词，suffered“遭受”符合句意，故选择F项。
34．考查形容词。句意：这听起来可能不是很有教育意义，但它引起了每个人的注意。分析句子结构可知，系动词sound后缺少形容词作表语，结合句意可知this指代的是上文中的game，结合下文句意可知，此处使用educational“有教育意义的”符合句意，故选择H项。
35．考查动词。句意：在以前的学校里，这些学生中的大多数都拒绝在同学面前读书，所以比德尔先生把他们带到一个院子里给一些奶牛读书，以克服胆怯。分析句子结构可知，句中缺少谓语动词。结合上文“suffered learning difficulty（遭受学习困难）”可知，这里使用refused “拒绝”符合句意，故选择B项。
36．考查名词。句意：在以前的学校里，这些学生中的大多数都拒绝在同学面前读书，所以比德尔先生把他们带到一个院子里给一些奶牛读书，以克服胆怯。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少名词做宾语，根据前文的overcome“克服”可知，这里使用timidity“胆怯”符合句意，故选择A项。
37．考查形容词。句意：每个学生都读了一段莎士比亚戏剧的简短语录，学生们似乎都很喜欢。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少形容词作定语修饰quote，根据下文的 “from a Shakespeare play（来自莎士比亚戏剧）”可知，此处使用brief“简短的”符合句意，故选择I项。
38．考查名词。句意：到这一集结束时，学生们真正开始接受他们的新老师了。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少名词，结合文中的programme“节目”可知，此处使用episode“一集”符合句意，故选择D项。
39．考查名词。句意：我真的很喜欢这个节目，因为老师对学生产生了积极的影响。短语have a positive effect on“对……有积极的影响”，符合句意，故选择E项。
40．考查形容词。句意：如果你像我一样，对这项教育实验感到惊讶，你会想看整个系列。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少形容词，根据下文“I can’t wait to see what happens next!（我迫不及待地想看看接下来会发生什么！）”可知，短语be amazed by“对……感到惊奇”符合句意，故选择G项。
III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context
On August 29th, as Hurricane Dorian tracked towards America’s east coast, customers of Tesla came across something unusual. Some of these electric-car owners in the storm’s path unexpectedly found that their cars had suddenly developed the ability to drive farther on a single battery 41 . Like many modern vehicles, Elon Musk’s products are best thought of as internet-connected computers on wheels. The cheaper models in Tesla’s line-up have parts of their batteries 42 by the car’s software in order to limit their range. At the tap of a keyboard in Palo Alto, the firm was able to remove those restrictions and give drivers 43 access to the full power of their batteries.
Mr. Musk’s computerized cars are just one example of a much broader trend. As computers and connectivity become cheaper, it makes sense to 44 them into more and more things that are not, in themselves, computers, creating an “internet of things”.
Such a world will bring many benefits. Consumers will get convenience, and products that can do things non-computerized versions cannot. Meanwhile, businesses will get efficiency, as information about the physical world that used to be uncertain becomes 45 and analyzable.
In the long term, though, the most obvious effects will be in how the world works. Ever more companies will become tech companies; the internet will become everywhere. As a result, numerous unresolved arguments are bound to 46 from the virtual world into the real one.
Start with ownership. As Mr. Musk showed, the internet gives firms the ability to stay 47 to their products even after they have been sold, transforming them into something closer to services than goods. That has already made the traditional ideas of ownership 48 . When Microsoft closed its ebook store in July, 49 , its customers lost the ability to read titles they had bought (the firm offered refunds). That shifts the balance of power from the customer to the seller.
Virtual business models will 50 in the physical world. Tech firms are generally happy to move fast and break things. But you cannot release the beta version（测试版）of a fridge. Apple, a smartphonemaker, provides updates for its phones for only five years or so after their release; users of Android smartphones are lucky to get two. But goods such as washing machines or industrial machinery can have lifespans of a decade or more. Firms will need to work out how to support complicated computerized devices long after their 51 programmers have moved on.
Data will be another flashpoint (导火索). For much of the internet the business model is to offer “free” services that are 52 for with valuable user data, collected with authorization that is half-informed at best. In the virtual world, arguments about what should be tracked, and who owns the resulting data, can seem casual and theoretical while they appear more 53 in the real one.
54 the consequences of any technology is hard — especially one as universal as computing. The emergence of the consumer internet, 25 years ago, was met with blind 55 while these days the internet’s faults dominate the headlines. But the people have the advantage of having lived through the first internet revolution — which should give them some idea of what to expect.
41．A．scale B．plant C．charge D．drain
42．A．influenced B．extended C．employed D．disabled
43．A．temporary B．remote C．indefinite D．disposable
44．A．integrate B．pack C．immerse D．switch
45．A．secure B．decisive C．solid D．tangible
46．A．overflow B．overgrow C．transform D．transmit
47．A．pinned B．fixed C．connected D．tuned
48．A．unreasonable B．unrealistic C．unclear D．unavailable
49．A．in return B．in fact C．as usual D．for instance
50．A．boom B．conflict C．fade D．expand
51．A．committed B．conscious C．original D．respected
52．A．paid B．substituted C．applied D．made
53．A．confusing B．pressing C．discouraging D．affecting
54．A．Presenting B．Predicting C．Preventing D．Preserving
55．A．optimism B．guarantee C．imitation D．obedience
【答案】
41．C 42．D 43．A 44．A 45．D 46．A 47．C 48．C 49．D 50．B 51．C 52．A 53．B 54．B 55．A
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章表达了物联网可以给生活带来很多好处，同时也存在着一些无法解决的问题。
41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些在风暴路径上的电动汽车车主意外地发现，他们的汽车突然有了一次充电就能开得更远的能力。A. scale范围，程度；B. plant工厂；C. charge充电量；D. drain下水道。根据上文中的“Some of these electric-car owners in the storm’s path unexpectedly found that their cars had suddenly developed the ability to drive farther”可知，电车车主发现他们的电车有了一种能开的更远能力，由此可知，此处应是电池“充电”后，符合语境。故选C项。
42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：特斯拉系列中较便宜的车型的部分电池被汽车软件禁用，以限制它们的续航里程。A. influenced影响；B. extended延伸；C. employed雇佣，利用；D. disabled使残疾，使不能运转。根据下文中的“by the car’s software in order to limit their range.”可知，通过汽车软件限制汽车的续航，所以此处应是“使不能运行”符合语境。故选D项。
43．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在帕洛阿尔托，只要敲击一下键盘，该公司就能取消这些限制，让司机暂时用上电池的全部电量。A. temporary临时的；B. remote偏远的；C. indefinite不确定的；D. disposable一次性的。根据上文中的“Some of these electric-car owners in the storm’s path unexpectedly found that their cars had suddenly developed the ability to drive farther on a single battery ____1____ .”可知，人们突然发现电池能充电后多走一段距离的能力，所以此处应是通过敲击一下键盘能取消限制，并“暂时”使用电池上的全部电量。故选A项。
44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着计算机和网络连接变得越来越便宜，将它们融合到越来越多本身不是计算机的东西中，创造一个“物联网”是有意义的。A. integrate融合，合并；B. pack打包；C. immerse沉浸；D. switch改变。根据下文中的“creating an “internet of things”.”可知，创造一个“物联网”，应为将计算机和网络“融合”到越来越多的本身不是计算机的东西中。故选A项。
45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，企业将获得效率，因为关于物理世界的信息过去是不确定的，现在变得有形和可分析。A. secure安全的；B. decisive决定性的；C. solid牢固的；D. tangible具体的。根据上文中的“as information about the physical world that used to be uncertain”以及空后的and analyzable可知，过去物理世界不确定的信息现在可分析了，所以此处表示“具体的”符合语境。故选D项。
46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，许多未解决的争论必然会从虚拟世界蔓延到现实世界。A. overflow溢出，蔓延；B. overgrow生长过度；C. transform使转化；D. transmit输送。根据上文中的“Ever more companies will become tech companies; the internet will become everywhere.”可知，互联网遍地都是，所以会导致未解决的争论从虚拟世界“蔓延”到现实世界。故选A项。
47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如马斯克所展示的那样，互联网使企业能够在产品售出后仍与产品保持联系，从而将产品转变为更接近服务而非商品的东西。A. pinned固定，连接；B. fixed修理；C. connected联系；D. tuned调整，调节。根据常识以及下文中的“even after they have been sold, transforming them into something closer to services than goods.”可知，互联网使得企业甚至在售出产品后仍然与产品保持“联系”，只是变化一下形式，把原来商品的联系变成了服务上的联系。故选C项。
48．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这已经使传统的所有权概念变得不清晰。A. unreasonable不合理的；B. unrealistic不切实际的；C. unclear不清楚的；D. unavailable无法得到的。根据上文中的“transforming them into something closer to services than goods.”可知，将产品转变为更接近服务而非商品的东西，会使得所有权变得“不清楚”。故选C项。
49．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：例如，当微软在7月关闭其电子书商店时，它的顾客无法阅读他们购买的书籍(该公司提供退款)。A. in return作为回报；B. in fact事实上；C. as usual像往常一样；D. for instance例如。根据上文中“That has already made the traditional ideas of ownership ____8____ .”可知，物联网使得所有权变得模糊，结合“When Microsoft closed its e-book store in July”可知，此处应是举例说明物联网使所有权变得模糊这一事实。故选D项。
50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虚拟商业模式将在现实世界中发生冲突。A. boom繁荣昌盛；B. conflict冲突，抵触；C. fade逐渐消失；D. expand扩大。根据下文中的“Tech firms are generally happy to move fast and break things. But you cannot release the beta version（测试版）of a fridge.”可知，科技公司通常乐于快速行动，打破常规，但是又不能发布冰箱的测试版，所以，此处指的是虚拟商业模式与现实世界中产生的“冲突”。故选B项。
51．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在最初的程序员离开很久之后，公司还需要弄清楚如何支持复杂的计算机化设备。A. committed忠诚的；B. conscious有意识的；C. original最初的；D. respected受尊敬的。根据上文中的“Firms will need to work out how to support complicated computerized devices”可知，在程序员走后，公司要弄清楚如何支持复杂的计算机设备，所以，该程序原应该是“最初的”那个程序员。故选C项。
52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于大多数互联网公司来说，商业模式是提供“免费”服务，这些服务是用有价值的用户数据付费的，收集这些数据的授权至多是半知情的。A. paid支付；B. substituted代替；C. applied申请，应用；D. made使让。根据上文中的“For much of the internet the business model is to offer “free” services”可知，互联网公司的商业模式是提供“免费”服务，但是，这些服务其实是用有价值的用户数据“付费”的。故选A项。
53．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在虚拟世界中，关于什么应该被追踪、谁拥有追踪结果数据的争论似乎是随意的、理论性的，而在现实世界中，这些争论显得更为紧迫。A. confusing令人迷茫的；B. pressing紧急的；C. discouraging令人沮丧的；D. affecting动人的。根据while可知，此处应与while前的“In the virtual world, arguments about what should be tracked, and who owns the resulting data, can seem casual and theoretical”相对应，上文中提到的是“随意的、理论性的”，所以此处对应的应是在现实世界中“具体的”。故选B项。
54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：预测任何技术的后果都是困难的，尤其是像计算机这样通用的技术。A. Presenting提交；B. Predicting预言；C. Preventing阻止；D. Preserving保护。根据下文中的“The emergence of the consumer internet, 25 years ago, was met with blind ____15____ while these days the internet’s faults dominate the headlines.”可知，25年前人们对互联网抱着盲目乐观的态度，而今天互联网的弊端比比皆是，由此可知，“预测”任何技术的后果是很困难的。故选B项。
55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：25年前，人们对消费互联网的出现抱着盲目的乐观态度，而如今，互联网的缺陷占据了新闻头条。A. optimism乐观主义；B. guarantee保证；C. imitation模仿；D. obedience顺从。根据下文中的“while these days the internet’s faults dominate the headlines.”可知，当前互联网的问题占据头版头条，也就是说互联网的问题很多，根据while可知，此处指的是25年前人们对互联网盲目“乐观”符合语境。故选A项。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fugeo, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous. I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater. ”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
56．Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2
A．Bring back lost memories. B．Take a degree.
C．Try challenging things. D．Stick to a promise.
57．What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica
A．Lovely penguins B．A discount fare.
C．Beautiful scenery. D．A friend’s invitation.
58．What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey
A．It could be a home for her. B．It should be easily accessible.
C．It needs to be fully introduced. D．It should be well preserved.
59．What is the text mainly about
A．A childhood dream. B．Meeting animals in Antarctica.
C．Sailing around the world. D．An unforgettable travel experience.
【答案】56．C 57．B 58．D 59．D
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，介绍了Ginni Bazlinton去南极洲旅行的难忘经历。
56．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段关键句“Throughout her career as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further.(在她的职业舞蹈生涯中，她在英国巡演，但一直渴望进一步探索)”及“When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time(当她不再跳舞，她的儿子们也最终离开了家，她决定是时候)”结合下文Ginni的探索南极洲经历可知，Ginni决定在停止跳舞和儿子们离开家后尝试探索南极洲，这是一种新的挑战，画线短语意为“尝试一些新的挑战”。故选C项。
57．细节理解题。根据文章第三段关键句“And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fugeo, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland.(在智利，她发现自己可以在最后一刻买到从南美大陆最南端的Tierra del Fugeo附近岛屿前往南极洲的廉价船票)”可知，打折船票让Ginni决定去南极洲旅行。故选B项。
58．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.(Ginni意识到这是一片珍贵的土地，应该受到人类的尊重，这是她感触最深的事情之一)”可知，Ginni认为南极洲应该被好好保护。故选D项。
59．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.(当Ginni Bazlinton到达南极洲时，她发现一群渴望打招呼的小巴布亚企鹅向她打招呼。这些温柔可爱的看门者欢迎她，开始了Ginni永生难忘的旅行)”及全文内容可知，本文介绍了Ginni Bazlinton去南极旅行的难忘经历。故选D项。
(B)
It’s easy to blame an achy neck and stiff shoulder on bad posture. But on many desks, experts agree, the quiet culprit is your mouse.
“There are a lot of delicate body parts involved in mousing,” explains Cameron Stiehl, a San Francisco-based ergonomic assessment specialist. “When you’re at the computer for hours at a time, having a mouse that doesn’t fit properly or is positioned incorrectly can cause soft-tissue injuries in the fingers, wrists, hands, elbows and even in the shoulder.” Countless ergonomic mouse models promise improvement. If you’re ready for a level up, here are four mice that will give you a hand.
1 | Semi-vertical mice like the Logitech MX Master 3S have a 30 to 45-degree slant, which can help reduce stress on the forearm muscles. It can help relieve discomfort from epicondylitis (or ‘tennis elbow’) or help a sore wrist. At 141 grams, the MX Master 3S is a bit heavy but is designed to be especially responsive so that you needn’t move it too much. You can also custom-program the functions of the mouse’s seven buttons and two scroll wheels, letting you avoid certain repetitive motions that can cause injuries. $100,
2 | Look past their uncanny resemblance to Kubrick’s HAL 9000. Trackball mice can be particularly helpful for treating shoulder discomfort by limiting most of your mousing movement to the fingers and wrist. For the most natural motion, Stiehl suggests the Kensington Orbit Trackball. It has both the namespace feature for moving your cursor with little effort and a ring-style scroll wheel encircling it. Unlike traditional scrollers, you use it like a dial. This, Stiehl says, makes the mouse “especially good for people who have issues like trigger finger” (when bending your digits causes them to painfully click and pop). The Orbit also takes the ergonomics a step further, with an included, detachable wrist rest. $50, Kensington. com
3 | A vertical mouse lets you position your hand not flat but tilted sideways as if you’re shaking hands with the device. This position, reduces wrist and forearm movement and can be soothing. The Logitech Lift version’s small footprint and light weight (125 grams) make it a good fit for small hands. “It’s not a long vertical, so I think it can be very comfortable if it fits the hand,” said Stiehl. Six buttons allow for control customization, and it comes in three colors (including a very cute rose), and is made of mostly recycled material. $70,
4 | Working away from your desk doesn’t mean you can’t cast an eye toward ergonomics. The Lenovo Go Wireless Vertical Mouse is a compact vertical mouse, powered by a single replaceable AA battery, which the manufacture r promises will last a year. It also features a handsome cork thumb divot. But the selling point is its smaller footprint, which makes it easy to pack with your laptop. $50,
60．According to the description, which product chart is Logitech Lift
A． B．
C． D．
61．Sam is an office lady with loads of paperwork to complete, which results in severe neck-shoulder problems. Which of the following mice is highly recommended
A．Logitech MX Master 3S. B．Kensington Orbit Trackball.
C．Logitech Lift. D．Lenovo Go Wireless Vertical Mouse.
62．Which of the following slogans is the most suitable for Lenovo Go Wireless Vertical Mouse
A．Suited for smaller hands. B．A universal upgrade.
C．Trigger finger treater. D．Ergonomics can go everywhere.
【答案】60．B 61．B 62．A
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四款符合人体工程学的小鼠标。
60．推理判断题。根据第三个表格中的“A vertical mouse lets you position your hand not flat but tilted sideways as if you’re shaking hands with the device. This position, reduces wrist and forearm movement and can be soothing. (垂直鼠标可以让你的手不是平的，而是倾斜的，就像你在和设备握手一样。这个姿势，减少手腕和前臂的活动，可以舒缓)”可推知，Logitech Lift是一款垂直鼠标，就像你在和设备握手一样。结合图片可推知，B项符合题意。故选B。
61．细节理解题。根据第二个表格中的“Trackball mice can be particularly helpful for treating shoulder discomfort by limiting most of your mousing movement to the fingers and wrist.(轨迹球鼠标通过限制手指和手腕的大部分鼠标运动，对治疗肩部不适特别有帮助)”可知，山姆是一名办公室女士，有大量的文书工作要完成，这导致了严重的颈肩问题，适合使用Kensington Orbit Trackball。故选B。
62．推理判断题。根据第四个表格中的“But the selling point is its smaller footprint, which makes it easy to pack with your laptop.(但它的卖点是体积更小，便于与笔记本电脑一起打包)”可推知，“适合小手”是联想Go无线垂直鼠标最合适的广告语。故选A。
(C)
Humans have a habit of deliberately stopping making progress. From digital music to coffee to tractors, history is littered with innovations that caused resistance before becoming fixtures in everyday life. Calestous Juma, a professor of Harvard University, explores this phenomenon thoroughly.
Juma identified in his research three key sources of opposition to innovation: those with commercial interests in existing products, those who identify with existing products, and those who might lose power as a result of change. The first group is perhaps the most obvious. Many industries have been disrupted by innovation. Just take a look at the unsuccessful efforts of music publishers to stop the transition to digital music. Also, some consumers might oppose an innovation because the existing product is deeply rooted in their identity, culture or customs. The British preferred tea time at home to sitting in a coffee shop, for example. Finally, the emergence of new technologies can also result in a shift in economic and political power, redistributing wealth and influence away from some groups and toward others. The expansion of tractors and other mechanical equipment reduced the need for farm labor, and the shift in population away from rural areas had significant political implications.
Humans make decisions about new innovations with their gut rather than evidence. Opponents and enthusiasts of a new technology will often make bold claims to support their argument. Sometimes these claims are rooted in fact, other times not. For example, people once claimed coffee could make you hyperactive. Juma said this argument was typically an inborn fear of new technology, rather than a reasoned response. “People react instinctively, and they collect the evidence to support what they’ re doing,” Juma said. “They see a new product and there is an emotional reaction to that product because it challenges their outlook on the world. This has been the story with almost every new product.”
Historically, technologists have been missing the point. “I think they get very much focused on the instrumental part of technology. Does it work or not work They don’t connect it with the social dimensions,” he said. Fortunately, that may be starting to change. Juma highlights artificial intelligence as a contemporary illustration. Worries about uncontrollable robots have led to substantial discussions about adding a “kill button” to artificial intelligence products, an idea that Google and others have been working on.
63．According to Para. 2, which of the following statements is correct
A．Sitting in a coffee shop goes against British tradition.
B．British people place much emphasis on family values.
C．A significant innovation can affect population flow.
D．Music publishers were pessimistic about digital music.
64．The underlined word “gut”(para. 4) is closest in meaning to____________.
A．courage B．logic C．prejudice D．instinct
65．It can be implied from the passage that____________.
A．technologists have historically misunderstood the social impact of new inventions
B．The wide adoption of an innovation can help overcome resistance
C．Some companies are thinking beyond the functionality of new products
D．People’s fear of innovation may lead to the loss of a part of their lifestyle
66．Which of the following is the best title for the passage
A．Opposing Change: The Battle between Innovation and Tradition
B．From Digital Music to Coffee: Why We often Hate New Stuff
C．Lost Opportunities: How Humans Missed the Boat on Progress
D．Enemies of Innovation: Fear and Past Success
【答案】63．C 64．D 65．A 66．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人类总是习惯于抵制创新，哈佛大学教授Calestous Juma对这一现象进行了深入的探讨。文章介绍了一些关于人们抵制创新原因的分析，Juma表示，在这些争论的背后，通常是对新技术的担忧，而不是理性的回应。
63．细节理解题。根据第二段“The expansion of tractors and other mechanical equipment reduced the need for farm labor, and the shift in population away from rural areas had significant political implications. (拖拉机和其他机械设备的扩大减少了对农业劳动力的需求，人口从农村地区的转移产生了重大的政治影响)”可知，C选项“一项重大的创新可以影响人口流动”正确。故选C。
64．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Juma said this argument was typically an inborn fear of new technology, rather than a reasoned response. “People react instinctively, and they collect the evidence to support what they’ re doing,” Juma said. ( 朱玛说，这种观点通常是对新技术天生的恐惧，而不是理性的反应。“人们本能地做出反应，他们会收集证据来支持他们的行为，”朱玛说)”可知，人们反对新技术是出于本能，即人类根据直觉而不是证据做出创新决策。故划线词意思是“直觉”。故选D。
65．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Historically, technologists have been missing the point. “I think they get very much focused on the instrumental part of technology. Does it work or not work They don’t connect it with the social dimensions,” he said. (从历史上看，技术专家一直没有抓住这一点。“我认为他们非常关注技术的工具部分。它起作用还是不起作用 他们没有把它与社会层面联系起来，”他说)”可推知，从历史上看，技术专家误解了新发明的社会影响。故选A。
66．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Humans have a habit of deliberately stopping making progress. From digital music to coffee to tractors,history is littered with innovations that caused resistance before becoming fixtures in everyday life. Calestous Juma, a professor of Harvard University, explores this phenomenon thoroughly. (人类有一种故意停止进步的习惯。从数字音乐到咖啡再到拖拉机，历史上充满了创新，这些创新在成为日常生活的固定设备之前曾遭到抵制。哈佛大学教授Calestous Juma对这一现象进行了深入的探讨。)”结合文章主要说明了人类总是习惯于抵制创新，哈佛大学教授Calestous Juma对这一现象进行了深入的探讨。文章介绍了一些关于人们抵制创新原因的分析，Juma表示，在这些争论的背后，通常是对新技术的担忧，而不是理性的回应。可知，B选项“从数字音乐到咖啡：为什么我们经常讨厌新事物”最符合文章标题。故选B。
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
A．It generally arises from two related causes. B．It is not only the farmers and villagers who suffer. C．Scientists are doing the research on the cause of desertification. D．They destroy the land, as the oil dries out and is then blown away. E．Tree planting can help, by providing barriers between desert and rich field. F．This means that the wrong crops are planted, and need more water than is available.
Imagine living on the edge of a vast desert, which is moving quietly closer to your village every day and covering your fields. The desert is on the move. This is called desertification.
Desertification occurs in regions close to an already existing desert. 67 . The first is over-use of water in the area. There is not enough water in any case, and if it is not carefully used, disaster can follow. As time goes on, water shortages make farming more and more difficult. In some places, locals can remember local lakes and marshes which were once the homes for all kinds of fish and birds. They ave been completely buried by the stand now. Farmers leave the land, and fields are replaced by deserts.
The second cause is misuse or over-use of the land. 68 Ploughing large fields and removing bushes and trees means that the wind will blow away the soil. Once the soil is lost, it is hard to replace, and if there is rain, it has nowhere to go, and brings no benefit.
69 Every spring, the skies over some of eastern cities, thousands of kilometers away from the deserts, can be darkened by sandstorms. Dust from deserts can have a great effect on weather systems. While desertification is perhaps being partly caused by global warming., these sandstorms can make global warming worse by adding ti what is known as the greenhouse effect.
What can be done to slow down or stop the process of desertification A great deal of work is already under way. Obviously the first steps are to find new water sources. 70 Some types of grass also hold the soil together, and stop the wind taking it. Without these efforts, it will be harder and harder to stop the world’s deserts in their tracks, and more and more farmers will give up and head for cities. The lesson to be learnt lies beneath the sand.
【答案】67．A 68．F 69．B 70．E
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了荒漠化发生的原因以及减缓或阻止荒漠化的建议。
67．根据上文“Desertification occurs in regions close to an already existing desert.(荒漠化发生在靠近已经存在的沙漠的地区)”以及后文“The first is over-use of water in the area.(首先是该地区过度使用水资源)”以及第三段“The second cause is misuse or over-use of the land.(第二个原因是滥用或过度使用土地)”可知，上文提到了荒漠化发生的地区，后文则说明了引起荒漠化的两个原因，故A选项“它通常由两个相关的原因引起”符合语境，故选A。
68．根据上文“The second cause is misuse or over-use of the land.(第二个原因是滥用或过度使用土地)”以及后文“Ploughing large fields and removing bushes and trees means that the wind will blow away the soil. Once the soil is lost, it is hard to replace, and if there is rain, it has nowhere to go, and brings no benefit.(开垦大片的土地，清除灌木和树木意味着风会把土壤吹走。土壤一旦流失，就很难再补上，如果有雨水，就无处可去，也就没有什么好处了)”可知，上文提到了第二点原因是滥用或过度使用土地，故本句承接上文解释“滥用或过度使用土地”的含义；种植了错误的作物，需要的水比现有的多。故F选项“这意味着种植了错误的作物，需要的水比现有的多”符合语境，故选F。
69．根据后文“Every spring, the skies over some of eastern cities, thousands of kilometers away from the deserts, can be darkened by sandstorms. Dust from deserts can have a great effect on weather systems. While desertification is perhaps being partly caused by global warming., these sandstorms can make global warming worse by adding ti what is known as the greenhouse effect.(每年春天，一些远离沙漠数千公里的东部城市的天空都会因沙尘暴而变暗。来自沙漠的沙尘对天气系统有很大的影响。而荒漠化可能部分是由全球变暖造成的。这些沙尘暴会增加所谓的温室效应，从而加剧全球变暖)”可知，后文提到了沙尘暴会影响到城市以及加剧全球变暖，可知本句是在说明荒漠化影响到的其中一个群体：农民和村民，故B选项“受苦的不仅仅是农民和村民”符合语境，故选B。
70．根据上文“What can be done to slow down or stop the process of desertification A great deal of work is already under way. Obviously the first steps are to find new water sources.(我们可以做些什么来减缓或阻止沙漠化的进程？大量的工作已经在进行中。显然，第一步是寻找新的水源)”以及后文“Some types of grass also hold the soil together, and stop the wind taking it. Without these efforts, it will be harder and harder to stop the world’s deserts in their tracks, and more and more farmers will give up and head for cities. The lesson to be learnt lies beneath the sand.(有些种类的草还能把土壤粘在一起，阻止风带走它。如果没有这些努力，将越来越难以阻止世界上的沙漠，越来越多的农民将放弃并前往城市。我们要吸取的教训藏在沙子下面)”可知，上文提到了第一步是寻找水源，后文提到了草可以防止荒漠化，可知本句提出的建议是种植植物。故E选项“种植植物可以提供帮助，因为它在沙漠和肥沃的田地之间提供屏障”符合语境，故选E。
IV.Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Science at School and at Work
Concern has been expressed about a relative lack of interest in science as a school subject or future career. This report focuses on the views of students and puts forward suggestions for improving the image of science.
The vast majority of students who choose science subjects feel they have made the right decision. They enjoy conducting experiments in the well-equipped laboratories and appreciate the fact that compared with those in arts subjects, the teaching staff are more highly qualified. In consequence, science students believe they are learning in a more stimulating environment.
Unfortunately, however, some students think twice before choosing sciences, because of their reputation as comparatively difficult subjects that involve memorizing facts and figures. Moreover, there is a widespread belief that high marks are harder to obtain in sciences.
In addition, science has a serious image problem. Many are discouraged by the so- called lack of charm of science as a profession, by film stereotypes of mad professors and computer geeks, and by the suspicion with which the media often treat scientific research, for instance concerning genetically modified food.
Students should be invited to participate in Science Fair projects, scientific work experience programmes and virtual Open Days at university science faculty so that a more positive impression of science can be created. They should also be made aware of the benefits of studying science, such as developing thinking skills, discovering how things work and — one day — finding real solutions to real problems.
71.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
Students are less interested in science, either as a major or a career. Those choosing science favor its better learning environment including labs and faculty while those rejecting it believe it’s difficult, hard to score high and has a poor reputation. But students should join in various science activities to get a positive impression of science and learn its benefits.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，无论是作为专业还是职业，学生们对科学都不太感兴趣。那些选择科学的人喜欢它更好的学习环境，包括实验室和教师，而那些拒绝科学的人则认为科学很难，很难得高分，而且名声不好。但学生应该参加各种科学活动，以获得科学的积极印象，并了解它的好处。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Concern has been expressed about a relative lack of interest in science as a school subject or future career.
②They enjoy conducting experiments in the well-equipped laboratories and appreciate the fact that compared with those in arts subjects, the teaching staff are more highly qualified. In consequence, science students believe they are learning in a more stimulating environment. Unfortunately, however, some students think twice before choosing sciences, because of their reputation as comparatively difficult subjects that involve memorizing facts and figures. Moreover, there is a widespread belief that high marks are harder to obtain in sciences.
③Students should be invited to participate in Science Fair projects, scientific work experience programmes and virtual Open Days at university science faculty so that a more positive impression of science can be created. They should also be made aware of the benefits of studying science, such as developing thinking skills, discovering how things work and — one day — finding real solutions to real problems.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Students take less interest in science, either as a major or a career.
Those who choose science favor its better learning environment including labs and teacher while those rejecting it believe it’s tough, hard to score high and has a poor reputation.
However, students should take part in various science activities to get a positive impression of science and learn its benefits.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Those choosing science favor its better learning environment including labs and faculty while those rejecting it believe it’s difficult, hard to score high and has a poor reputation.运用现在分词作定语对原文第二段和第三段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] But students should join in various science activities to get a positive impression of science and learn its benefits.用不定式作目的状语从句对最后一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。)
Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets
72．缺乏足够的训练让他与金牌失之交臂。(lack)（汉译英）
【答案】Lack of enough training left him miss the gold medal.
【详解】考查名词、动词、形容词、代词、短语和时态。表示“缺乏”应用名词短语lack of...；表示“足够的”应用形容词enough；表示“训练”应用名词training；表示“让……与失之交臂”用leave sb. miss，用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，表示“他”应用宾格代词him；表示“金牌”应用名词短语the gold medal；这句话是描述过去的事情，所以谓语要用一般过去时。故翻译为Lack of enough training left him miss the gold medal.
73．同学们轮流打扫教室，不觉得累。(turns)(汉译英)
【答案】The students took turns (at) cleaning the classroom, so they didn’t feel tired.
【详解】考查时态、固定短语、非谓语。表示“同学们”用The students，作主语。结合句意可知事情发生在过去，故句子用一般过去时。表示“轮流做某事”用take turns (at) doing sth.，故用过去式took；表示“打扫教室”用clean the classroom，故用动名词cleaning，作at的宾语；故“同学们轮流打扫教室”用The students took turns (at) cleaning the classroom。表示“不觉得累”可以理解为“所以他们不觉得累”，故用so they didn’t feel tired。故翻译为The students took turns (at) cleaning the classroom, so they didn’t feel tired.
74．直到踏上那片新大陆他才发现自己对这个世界知之甚少。(It) (汉译英)
【答案】It was not until he set foot on the new land that he found how little he had known about the world.
【详解】考查强调句型、动词短语、宾语从句和时态。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知，该句应为It is…that…的强调句型，结合被强调部分表示“直到……才……”的意思，所以该句应为it is not until…that…是强调状语not until…的一个特殊句型。表示“踏上那片新大陆”应为动词短语set foot on the new land；表示“发现自己对这个世界知之甚少”应为how little引导的宾语从句，其中，表示“这个世界知之甚少”可译为he had known about the world。结合句意可知，该句应为陈述过去发生的事情，为一般过去时。故翻译为：It was not until he set foot on the new land that he found how little he had known about the world.
75．下个月公司将推出新型号的产品，该产品以20多岁的年轻人为目标。(launch) (汉译英)
【答案】Next month, the company will launch a new model targeting young people in their twenties.
【详解】考查时态、短语和非谓语动词。句子陈述将来发生的事情，应用一般将来时；“下个月”表达为next month，作状语；“公司”表达为company，此处为特指，用定冠词修饰；“推出”表达为launch，用一般将来时；“一个新模型”表达为a new model，作宾语；“以……为目标，面向”表达为target，处理为定语，因此用非谓语形式，target和逻辑主语model之间为主动关系，因此用现在分词；“20多岁的年轻人”表达为young people in their twenties，作宾语。综上，故翻译为Next month, the company will launch a new model targeting young people in their twenties.
VI.Guided Writing (共25分)
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese
近期，某社区正在开展“让家园更美好”的活动。希望大家献言献计，为社区发展出谋划策。请你提出一个社区中存在的问题或需要改进的方面，并说出你的建议和理由。
内容包括：1. 存在的问题和不足；2. 你的建议和理由
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】I’m glad that the activity of “Making Our Home Better” is being carried out and suggestions for community development are called for. As we can see, the last few years has witnessed great improvement in the neighborhood.
However, there still exist some problems. The crucial one is that there is a shortage of places for cultural activities in the community, which fails to meet the needs of residents’ leisure and entertainment. The lack of entertainment facilities leads to dull spare time life of residents.
Therefore, it is hoped that the government will strengthen the construction of urban cultural facilities, ensuring enough funds for infrastructure. By doing so, not only can residents enrich their daily life but also get a sense of belonging.
I’d appreciate it if you could take my suggestion into consideration. Hopefully, our community will be better and better.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生为社区发展出谋划策，提出一个社区中存在的问题或需要改进的方面，并说出建议和理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
需要：call for→need
见证：witness→ see
缺乏：shortage→lack
导致：lead to→ result in
2.句式拓展
倒装句变陈述句
原句：By doing so, not only can residents enrich their daily life but also get a sense of belonging.
拓展句：By doing so, residents can not only enrich their daily life but also get a sense of belonging.
【点睛】【高分句型1】The crucial one is that there is a shortage of places for cultural activities in the community, which fails to meet the needs of residents’ leisure and entertainment.（运用了which引导非限制性定语从句。）
【高分句型2】Therefore, it is hoped that the government will strengthen the construction of urban cultural facilities, ensuring enough funds for infrastructure.（运用了that引导主语从句和现在分词作状语。）
【高分句型3】By doing so, not only can residents enrich their daily life but also get a sense of belonging.（运用了not only...but also…和倒装句型）
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2023-2024学年高二上学期期末模拟试卷02
英 语 （上海专用）
I.Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分）
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1．
A．At a newsstand. B．At a car dealer’s.
C．At a publishing house. D．At a newspaper office.
2．
A．Waiter and guest. B．Husband and wife.
C．Mother and son. D．Boss and employee.
3．
A．The teacher evaluated lacks teaching experience.
B．She does not quite agree with what the man said.
C．The man had better talk with the students himself.
D．New students usually cannot offer a fair evaluation.
4．
A．Plan his budget carefully. B．Give her more information.
C．Ask someone else for advice. D．Buy a gift for his girlfriend.
5．
A．Her overcoat is as stylish as Jill’s. B．Jill missed her class last week.
C．Jill wore the overcoat last week. D．She is in the same class as the man.
6．
A．An art museum. B．A beautiful park.
C．A college campus. D．An architecture exhibition.
7．
A．He is a librarian. B．He is a professor.
C．He is an accountant. D．He is a reporter.
8．
A．Whether the man has attended the conference.
B．Whether the conference is successful.
C．Whether the photos are ready.
D．Whether the quality of the pictures is good.
9．
A．To put him through to the director.
B．To have a talk with the director about his work.
C．To arrange an appointment for him with the director.
D．To go and see if the director can meet him right now.
10．
A．Give Bob a phone call. B．Go and pick Bob up.
C．Go looking for Bob. D．Wait for Bob.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the short passages and the longer conversation. The short passages and the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11．A．Peaceful. B．Considerate. C．Generous. D．Cooperative.
12．A．Someone dumped the clothes left in the washer and dryer.
B．Someone broke the washer and dryer by overloading them.
C．Mindy Lance’s laundry blocked the way to the laundry room.
D．Mindy Lance threatened to take revenge on her neighbours.
13．A．Asking the neighbourhood committee for help.
B．Limiting the amount of laundry for each wash.
C．Informing the building manager of the matter.
D．Installing a few more washers and dryers.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14．A．Physics. B．Chemistry. C．French. D．Media studies.
15．A．More than 144,000. B．About 147,500.
C．7.5% of all the test takers. D．4.6% of all the test takers.
16．A．Few students avoid harder subjects.
B．Each subject has the same level of difficulty.
C．Some subjects are more difficult than others.
D．Pupils are important to the country’s development.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following passage.
17．A．To make preparations for a new publication.
B．To learn how couples spend their weekends.
C．To know how housework is shared.
D．To investigate what people do at the weekend.
18．A．He goes to exercise classes. B．He goes sailing.
C．He goes to the cinema. D．He stays at home.
19．A．Friday. B．Saturday. C．Sunday. D．Any weekday.
20．A．Surname. B．Job title. C．Address. D．Age.
II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分）
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
In the past few years, scientists have found microplastics in our soil, tap water, bottled water, beer and even in the air we breathe. And there’s growing concern about the potential health risks they pose 21 humans.
The new analysis in the UK have discovered microplastics widely distributed across all 10 lakes and rivers sampled. More than 1,000 small pieces of plastic per litre were found in the River Tame, which was revealed last year as 22 (pollute) place tested worldwide. Even in relatively remote places such as the Falls of Dochart and Loch Lomond in Scotland, two or three pieces per litre were found.
Microplastics are not a specific kind of plastic, but rather any type of small pieces of plastic 23 is less than 5 mm in length according to the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. They 24 originate from a variety of sources, including cosmetics, clothing, and industrial processes.
Humans are known to consume the tiny plastic particles through food and water, but the possible health effects on people and ecosystems have yet 25 (determine). One study, in Singapore, has found that microplastics can harbor harmful microbes.
Research by the National University of Singapore found more than 400 types of bacteria on 275 pieces of microplastic 26 (collect) from local beaches. 27 included insects that cause gastroenteritis (肠胃炎) and wound infections in humans.
“Microplastics 28 (find) absolutely everywhere now but we do not know the harm they could be doing,” said Christian Dunn at Bangor University, Wales, who led the work. “It’s no use 29 (look) back in 20 years’ time and saying: ‘If only we’d realized just how bad it was.’ We need to be monitoring our waters now and we need to think, as a country and a world, 30 we can be reducing our reliance on plastic.”
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．timidity B．refused C． set D．episode E. effect F. suffered G. amazed H. educational I. brief J. unteachable K. performed
An Experiment in Education
The best programme on TV last night was the first episode of a new series about education, and it was 31 on a farm. But this farm is not for animals it’s for children. The farm has been converted into a school for one class of difficult students. And it’s the job of one man to try and teach these students something in the two weeks they are there.
The class is a group of 16 boys and girls aged 13 and 14, who have all been expelled(被逐)from schools at least once. Their previous teachers said that they were “ 32 ” and judging by their behavior in the programme last night, it isn’t hard to see why. The teacher who has to deal with this class is 40-year-old Philip Beadle. Before working in education, Mr. Beadle played in a rock band. He gave up music eight years ago to become teacher. At his first school, he helped students who 33 learning difficulties to get the best English marks the school had ever seen. As a result, he was made Schoolteacher of the Year.
In the programme last night, we saw the students have their first lesson with Mr. Beadle. He started by playing a game, where he and the students pointed at each other and said something funny about the other person. This might not sound very 34 but it caught everyone’s attention. After that Mr. Beadle took his class outside for an English lesson. At their previous schools, most of these students 35 to read in front of their classmates, so Mr. Beadle took them to a filed to read to some cows to overcome 36 . Each student read a(n) 37 quote from a Shakespeare play to them and the students seemed to enjoy it. In the next scene, Mr. Beadle took them to another field to teach them basic punctuation. He did this through another game where he asked the students to jump around clap their hands and shout. “question mark!” and “semicolon!” Everyone seemed to enjoy this strange way of learning. By the end of the 38 the students were indeed starting to accept their new teacher. Some of them even said he was “all right”.
I really enjoyed this show because the teacher had such a positive 39 on the students. If, like me, you are 40 by this experiment in education, you will want to the whole series. Personally, I can’t wait to see what happens next!
III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context
On August 29th, as Hurricane Dorian tracked towards America’s east coast, customers of Tesla came across something unusual. Some of these electric-car owners in the storm’s path unexpectedly found that their cars had suddenly developed the ability to drive farther on a single battery 41 . Like many modern vehicles, Elon Musk’s products are best thought of as internet-connected computers on wheels. The cheaper models in Tesla’s line-up have parts of their batteries 42 by the car’s software in order to limit their range. At the tap of a keyboard in Palo Alto, the firm was able to remove those restrictions and give drivers 43 access to the full power of their batteries.
Mr. Musk’s computerized cars are just one example of a much broader trend. As computers and connectivity become cheaper, it makes sense to 44 them into more and more things that are not, in themselves, computers, creating an “internet of things”.
Such a world will bring many benefits. Consumers will get convenience, and products that can do things non-computerized versions cannot. Meanwhile, businesses will get efficiency, as information about the physical world that used to be uncertain becomes 45 and analyzable.
In the long term, though, the most obvious effects will be in how the world works. Ever more companies will become tech companies; the internet will become everywhere. As a result, numerous unresolved arguments are bound to 46 from the virtual world into the real one.
Start with ownership. As Mr. Musk showed, the internet gives firms the ability to stay 47 to their products even after they have been sold, transforming them into something closer to services than goods. That has already made the traditional ideas of ownership 48 . When Microsoft closed its ebook store in July, 49 , its customers lost the ability to read titles they had bought (the firm offered refunds). That shifts the balance of power from the customer to the seller.
Virtual business models will 50 in the physical world. Tech firms are generally happy to move fast and break things. But you cannot release the beta version（测试版）of a fridge. Apple, a smartphonemaker, provides updates for its phones for only five years or so after their release; users of Android smartphones are lucky to get two. But goods such as washing machines or industrial machinery can have lifespans of a decade or more. Firms will need to work out how to support complicated computerized devices long after their 51 programmers have moved on.
Data will be another flashpoint (导火索). For much of the internet the business model is to offer “free” services that are 52 for with valuable user data, collected with authorization that is half-informed at best. In the virtual world, arguments about what should be tracked, and who owns the resulting data, can seem casual and theoretical while they appear more 53 in the real one.
54 the consequences of any technology is hard — especially one as universal as computing. The emergence of the consumer internet, 25 years ago, was met with blind 55 while these days the internet’s faults dominate the headlines. But the people have the advantage of having lived through the first internet revolution — which should give them some idea of what to expect.
41．A．scale B．plant C．charge D．drain
42．A．influenced B．extended C．employed D．disabled
43．A．temporary B．remote C．indefinite D．disposable
44．A．integrate B．pack C．immerse D．switch
45．A．secure B．decisive C．solid D．tangible
46．A．overflow B．overgrow C．transform D．transmit
47．A．pinned B．fixed C．connected D．tuned
48．A．unreasonable B．unrealistic C．unclear D．unavailable
49．A．in return B．in fact C．as usual D．for instance
50．A．boom B．conflict C．fade D．expand
51．A．committed B．conscious C．original D．respected
52．A．paid B．substituted C．applied D．made
53．A．confusing B．pressing C．discouraging D．affecting
54．A．Presenting B．Predicting C．Preventing D．Preserving
55．A．optimism B．guarantee C．imitation D．obedience
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fugeo, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous. I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater. ”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
56．Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2
A．Bring back lost memories. B．Take a degree.
C．Try challenging things. D．Stick to a promise.
57．What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica
A．Lovely penguins B．A discount fare.
C．Beautiful scenery. D．A friend’s invitation.
58．What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey
A．It could be a home for her. B．It should be easily accessible.
C．It needs to be fully introduced. D．It should be well preserved.
59．What is the text mainly about
A．A childhood dream. B．Meeting animals in Antarctica.
C．Sailing around the world. D．An unforgettable travel experience.
(B)
It’s easy to blame an achy neck and stiff shoulder on bad posture. But on many desks, experts agree, the quiet culprit is your mouse.
“There are a lot of delicate body parts involved in mousing,” explains Cameron Stiehl, a San Francisco-based ergonomic assessment specialist. “When you’re at the computer for hours at a time, having a mouse that doesn’t fit properly or is positioned incorrectly can cause soft-tissue injuries in the fingers, wrists, hands, elbows and even in the shoulder.” Countless ergonomic mouse models promise improvement. If you’re ready for a level up, here are four mice that will give you a hand.
1 | Semi-vertical mice like the Logitech MX Master 3S have a 30 to 45-degree slant, which can help reduce stress on the forearm muscles. It can help relieve discomfort from epicondylitis (or ‘tennis elbow’) or help a sore wrist. At 141 grams, the MX Master 3S is a bit heavy but is designed to be especially responsive so that you needn’t move it too much. You can also custom-program the functions of the mouse’s seven buttons and two scroll wheels, letting you avoid certain repetitive motions that can cause injuries. $100,
2 | Look past their uncanny resemblance to Kubrick’s HAL 9000. Trackball mice can be particularly helpful for treating shoulder discomfort by limiting most of your mousing movement to the fingers and wrist. For the most natural motion, Stiehl suggests the Kensington Orbit Trackball. It has both the namespace feature for moving your cursor with little effort and a ring-style scroll wheel encircling it. Unlike traditional scrollers, you use it like a dial. This, Stiehl says, makes the mouse “especially good for people who have issues like trigger finger” (when bending your digits causes them to painfully click and pop). The Orbit also takes the ergonomics a step further, with an included, detachable wrist rest. $50, Kensington. com
3 | A vertical mouse lets you position your hand not flat but tilted sideways as if you’re shaking hands with the device. This position, reduces wrist and forearm movement and can be soothing. The Logitech Lift version’s small footprint and light weight (125 grams) make it a good fit for small hands. “It’s not a long vertical, so I think it can be very comfortable if it fits the hand,” said Stiehl. Six buttons allow for control customization, and it comes in three colors (including a very cute rose), and is made of mostly recycled material. $70,
4 | Working away from your desk doesn’t mean you can’t cast an eye toward ergonomics. The Lenovo Go Wireless Vertical Mouse is a compact vertical mouse, powered by a single replaceable AA battery, which the manufacture r promises will last a year. It also features a handsome cork thumb divot. But the selling point is its smaller footprint, which makes it easy to pack with your laptop. $50,
60．According to the description, which product chart is Logitech Lift
A． B．
C． D．
61．Sam is an office lady with loads of paperwork to complete, which results in severe neck-shoulder problems. Which of the following mice is highly recommended
A．Logitech MX Master 3S. B．Kensington Orbit Trackball.
C．Logitech Lift. D．Lenovo Go Wireless Vertical Mouse.
62．Which of the following slogans is the most suitable for Lenovo Go Wireless Vertical Mouse
A．Suited for smaller hands. B．A universal upgrade.
C．Trigger finger treater. D．Ergonomics can go everywhere.
(C)
Humans have a habit of deliberately stopping making progress. From digital music to coffee to tractors, history is littered with innovations that caused resistance before becoming fixtures in everyday life. Calestous Juma, a professor of Harvard University, explores this phenomenon thoroughly.
Juma identified in his research three key sources of opposition to innovation: those with commercial interests in existing products, those who identify with existing products, and those who might lose power as a result of change. The first group is perhaps the most obvious. Many industries have been disrupted by innovation. Just take a look at the unsuccessful efforts of music publishers to stop the transition to digital music. Also, some consumers might oppose an innovation because the existing product is deeply rooted in their identity, culture or customs. The British preferred tea time at home to sitting in a coffee shop, for example. Finally, the emergence of new technologies can also result in a shift in economic and political power, redistributing wealth and influence away from some groups and toward others. The expansion of tractors and other mechanical equipment reduced the need for farm labor, and the shift in population away from rural areas had significant political implications.
Humans make decisions about new innovations with their gut rather than evidence. Opponents and enthusiasts of a new technology will often make bold claims to support their argument. Sometimes these claims are rooted in fact, other times not. For example, people once claimed coffee could make you hyperactive. Juma said this argument was typically an inborn fear of new technology, rather than a reasoned response. “People react instinctively, and they collect the evidence to support what they’ re doing,” Juma said. “They see a new product and there is an emotional reaction to that product because it challenges their outlook on the world. This has been the story with almost every new product.”
Historically, technologists have been missing the point. “I think they get very much focused on the instrumental part of technology. Does it work or not work They don’t connect it with the social dimensions,” he said. Fortunately, that may be starting to change. Juma highlights artificial intelligence as a contemporary illustration. Worries about uncontrollable robots have led to substantial discussions about adding a “kill button” to artificial intelligence products, an idea that Google and others have been working on.
63．According to Para. 2, which of the following statements is correct
A．Sitting in a coffee shop goes against British tradition.
B．British people place much emphasis on family values.
C．A significant innovation can affect population flow.
D．Music publishers were pessimistic about digital music.
64．The underlined word “gut”(para. 4) is closest in meaning to____________.
A．courage B．logic C．prejudice D．instinct
65．It can be implied from the passage that____________.
A．technologists have historically misunderstood the social impact of new inventions
B．The wide adoption of an innovation can help overcome resistance
C．Some companies are thinking beyond the functionality of new products
D．People’s fear of innovation may lead to the loss of a part of their lifestyle
66．Which of the following is the best title for the passage
A．Opposing Change: The Battle between Innovation and Tradition
B．From Digital Music to Coffee: Why We often Hate New Stuff
C．Lost Opportunities: How Humans Missed the Boat on Progress
D．Enemies of Innovation: Fear and Past Success
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
A．It generally arises from two related causes. B．It is not only the farmers and villagers who suffer. C．Scientists are doing the research on the cause of desertification. D．They destroy the land, as the oil dries out and is then blown away. E．Tree planting can help, by providing barriers between desert and rich field. F．This means that the wrong crops are planted, and need more water than is available.
Imagine living on the edge of a vast desert, which is moving quietly closer to your village every day and covering your fields. The desert is on the move. This is called desertification.
Desertification occurs in regions close to an already existing desert. 67 . The first is over-use of water in the area. There is not enough water in any case, and if it is not carefully used, disaster can follow. As time goes on, water shortages make farming more and more difficult. In some places, locals can remember local lakes and marshes which were once the homes for all kinds of fish and birds. They ave been completely buried by the stand now. Farmers leave the land, and fields are replaced by deserts.
The second cause is misuse or over-use of the land. 68 Ploughing large fields and removing bushes and trees means that the wind will blow away the soil. Once the soil is lost, it is hard to replace, and if there is rain, it has nowhere to go, and brings no benefit.
69 Every spring, the skies over some of eastern cities, thousands of kilometers away from the deserts, can be darkened by sandstorms. Dust from deserts can have a great effect on weather systems. While desertification is perhaps being partly caused by global warming., these sandstorms can make global warming worse by adding ti what is known as the greenhouse effect.
What can be done to slow down or stop the process of desertification A great deal of work is already under way. Obviously the first steps are to find new water sources. 70 Some types of grass also hold the soil together, and stop the wind taking it. Without these efforts, it will be harder and harder to stop the world’s deserts in their tracks, and more and more farmers will give up and head for cities. The lesson to be learnt lies beneath the sand.
IV.Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Science at School and at Work
Concern has been expressed about a relative lack of interest in science as a school subject or future career. This report focuses on the views of students and puts forward suggestions for improving the image of science.
The vast majority of students who choose science subjects feel they have made the right decision. They enjoy conducting experiments in the well-equipped laboratories and appreciate the fact that compared with those in arts subjects, the teaching staff are more highly qualified. In consequence, science students believe they are learning in a more stimulating environment.
Unfortunately, however, some students think twice before choosing sciences, because of their reputation as comparatively difficult subjects that involve memorizing facts and figures. Moreover, there is a widespread belief that high marks are harder to obtain in sciences.
In addition, science has a serious image problem. Many are discouraged by the so- called lack of charm of science as a profession, by film stereotypes of mad professors and computer geeks, and by the suspicion with which the media often treat scientific research, for instance concerning genetically modified food.
Students should be invited to participate in Science Fair projects, scientific work experience programmes and virtual Open Days at university science faculty so that a more positive impression of science can be created. They should also be made aware of the benefits of studying science, such as developing thinking skills, discovering how things work and — one day — finding real solutions to real problems.
71.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。)
Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets
72．缺乏足够的训练让他与金牌失之交臂。(lack)（汉译英）
73．同学们轮流打扫教室，不觉得累。(turns)(汉译英)
74．直到踏上那片新大陆他才发现自己对这个世界知之甚少。(It) (汉译英)
75．下个月公司将推出新型号的产品，该产品以20多岁的年轻人为目标。(launch) (汉译英)
VI.Guided Writing (共25分)
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese
近期，某社区正在开展“让家园更美好”的活动。希望大家献言献计，为社区发展出谋划策。请你提出一个社区中存在的问题或需要改进的方面，并说出你的建议和理由。
内容包括：1. 存在的问题和不足；2. 你的建议和理由
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