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介词及介词短语
英语的元素周期表之介词短语表
形式 类别 词性 主语 谓语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 同位语
短语 介词/宾短语 名词性 形容词性 副词性 √ √ √ √ √
介词本质：表示人或物之间的时间 空间 能量作用及逻辑关系
初级
一、介词的定义及句法功能
1、介词是虚词，在句中不能单独做任何句子成分，只表示其后的名词或相当于名词的词语与其他句子成分的关系，介词和介词后的名词（或相当于名词的词、短语或从句）称为介宾短语。
介词短语在句中的主要作用是作宾语 定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。
作定语，修饰一个名词或代词等。 介词短语作定语一般应放在被修饰的名词或代词等之后
（介词短语一般只要是跟在名词后面，优先识别为做定语）
作状语，表示动作发生的时间、地点、方式、原因等。
作表语。介词短语作表语时，常位于连系动词 be 的后面
作宾语补足语，常跟在具有“使动”含义的动词之后。
介词三要素
①介词后面跟名词/代词/动名词
②时间/地点副词前不加介词
③介词不能单独使用，不能独自在句中做成分，经常以介词短语形式出现并作成分
二、介词的分类和用法
1. 简单介词：
指由一个单词构成的介词，简单介词也可能由形容词、副词、名词、连词等转变而来，常用的有：
by opposite from below
In off for behind
after near down before
on of during among
at with except along
past up but against
since under beyond above
till toward(s) between across
until through besides about
over like beneath than
unlike round underneath
around next despite
这些介词有静态和动态之分，或兼有两态
介词 特点 例子
in 静态（在……内） read in the study 在书房里读书
into 动态（进入） walk into the study 走进书房
across 静态（在……的另一边） The villa is across the river. 别墅在河对岸
动态（从……一边到另一边） A swan is flying across the lake. 一只天鹅飞过湖面
alongside 动态（在……旁边，与……一起） The children ran alongside, screaming farewells
静态（在……旁边） He had two acres of land alongside a cherry orchard down the valley. 他在山谷低处的樱桃园旁有两英亩土地。
以现在分词形式和过去分词形式结尾的介词 这类介词由分词演变而来，常用的有：
excepting 除……外 including 包括 regarding 关于 barring 除……外 concerning 关于 touching 关于
considering 就……而言 saving 除外 respecting 关于 pending 在……期间
合成介词
into 进入 outside 在……外 within 在……内 without 没有 throughout 遍及/贯穿
inside 在……内 upon 在……上 alongside 在……旁边/沿着 notwithstanding 虽然
4. 短语介词
短语介词是短语性的固定介词搭配，可以由“介词 + 名词 + 介词”，“介词 + 介词”，“介词 + 动词”，
out of 从……里面/从……中 but for 要不是 head of 在……前 according to 根据 apart from 除……外 along with 同……一起 because of 由于/因为 together with 同……一起 as to 关于/至于 save for 除了 in front of 在……前面 in place of 代替 in accordance with 根据 by means of 用/依靠 as compared with 同……相比 apart from 除……外/若无 except for 除……外 as concerns 关于……对面/正对着 down to 下至/直至 away from 离开
irrespective of 不顾 with a view to 旨在/目的是 on the point of 正要……之际 in the event of 如果发生/万一
“形容词 + 介词”，“副词 + 介词”等构成，常用的有：
on behalf of 代表 near to 靠近 instead of 代替/而不 next to 紧靠旁边/贴近 on account of 由于/鉴于 owing to 由于/因为 as regards 关于 with regard to 关于 in regard to 关于 prior to 在……前 in view of 考虑到 in spite of 尽管
for the sake of 为了 by way of 经由/通过 up to 一直到 thanks to 由于/多亏 previous to 先于 due to 由于 devoid of 毫无……的 in return for 作为……的报答/交换 with the exception of 除了
in between 在……之间 without regard to 不考虑，不顾 in the event of 如果发生/万一
【特别注意】
短语介词中的搭配都是固定的不可随意变更，如 by means of 不可说成 by means to。
【特别提示】
短语介词不同于介词短语。短语介词是用作介词的短语（如 with a view to），不可独立使用，本身不能作句子成分，后面要跟名词、动名词或代词等；介词短语是介词 + 宾语构成的短语（如 with a view to buying a car），本身可作句子成分，如作定语、状语等，可独立使用。
比较：
They lived among the hills. （among the hills 是介词短语，作状语）他们住在山中。
I will help you for the sake of our friendship. （for the sake of 是短语介词，作状语）为了我们的友谊，我是愿意帮助你的。
I’ll take this one for want of a better. （for want of 是短语介词，做状语）没有更好的，我就拿着一个。
三、介词核心概念
第一队in on at
in 核心概念是在某框架里 点对域 是掌控关系
例子 框架之中 界限之内 形态
A cute dog is in the car. 车辆 建筑 容器 客观 具象
The boy in red is Tony. 穿着
The woman carried a baby in her arm. 身体部位
in the rain/sun/dark 自然现象
articles in the magazine 杂志、书、作品
She works in insurance. 领域 组织 主观 抽象
We were speaking in English. 语言
We make shoes in all styles. 风格，方式
He is in love with her. 爱河
In April、in the morning、in my childhood.... 年代 年 月 季 星期 上/下午 等时间界限
In a hungry/in a rage/in truble/in a hurry 状态
In view of in consideration of 原因
In process in the course of 过程
Result in in consequence 结果
at 核心概念是点 一个非常精准点 点对点 是对等关系
例子 点 精确 精准的点 形态
at home /at school 地点 客观 具象
at 3o’colock/ at dark/at bedtime/at first sight 时间点/时分/一...
at100℃ at his best at the rate of... at a high level 数值:年龄 温度 价格 速率 程度 水平
They were frightened at the terrible sight She come at their request 因..... 应.... 主观 抽象
look at/shoot at/stare at/shout at 以目标为点
Be good at/be skilled at 以擅长事情为点
at risk/ at ease/at random 处于...状态 危险 舒适 随意
on核心概念是附着在...上并有接触 点对面 是赋能关系
例子 附着在...上 并有接触 形态
On july 9/name on the list 附着之上 客观 具象
pressure on your son 情感 视线 注意力附在...上
force on/impose on/blame on 从外部施加强力的影响 施加压力 责任等
On the wall /on the phone/on the bus/on my way 接触任何平面 电话 身体部位 交通工具 道路 路线
on schedule/on holiday/ on the radio 接触 贴合 按流程 主观 抽象
Survive on his salary/depend on/feed on /on the basis of 附着于某个体系 机制 基础 原则
Tom made noise on purpuse 附着于目的
A book on history 附着于 关于话题 主题 进行演说 讲课 写作
be on show /be on sale/ 附着于 持续...
on the team/on the jury/on the board 有接触 聚合在一起 形成团体
第二队 for to from of
for核心概念是朝着某方向....
例子 朝着某方向.... 形态
present for you/go for a drink 朝着人 物 事
room for study For pleasure /Look for 朝向要达成的目标 意图 目的 功能 用途
Jump for joy/be famous for 因.... 表产生的原因
Are they for or against the plan vote for 朝向喜欢 赞成的对象
an ear for music/a nose for news 朝向鉴别的对象 体现敏锐 鉴赏力
She is tall for his age Too much big for a child 朝向 以...为参考标准
She bought the car for thousands of dollars/pay for 朝着...交换 替换 用钱 代价交换你喜欢的
can you go to school for me stand for /speak for/mistake A for B 朝着交换 替换——代表 意味着
last for ten days/Run for 500 metres for first time /for years 朝向时间（长度） 距离 次数
to核心概念是前往并到达 强调结果
to与for 比较
For 向前方目标运动 强调目标 客观性 To 向最终结果运动 强调结果 主观性
The subway is for Shuanglong 不一定抵达 Exercising more is good for our health The sunway is to Shuanglong要抵达 It may be easy to you but diffcult to me
set out/off for get/come/move/travel to
head/sail for walk/ride/drive/fly to
depart/leave for lead to
be bound/destined for return to
例子 强调前往某方向并到达终点/结果
walk to school 地点
give present to the boy 某人
It is five to ten 到10点还有五分钟 钟点
His explanation is to the point 要点
The cup was broken to pieces 状态
to the mininum/to some degree 程度
Face to face/ back to back one to two 二比一/prefer A to B be similar/different to 前往终点 面向终点 对着钟点而行—强调对立 比较 对比 比分 比率
to前往&到达
belong to属于 attach to依附/系上/贴上
sing sb to sleep哄睡 sb be moved to tears感动落泪
rise to power掌权 dance to music随着音乐跳舞
To one's surprise/regret/relief, ... 令某人..的是
from核心概念是离开起点并出发
离开并出发
from hometown 离开地点
from France 离开国家
From Tuesday to Friday 离开时间
Learn from Internet 事物的来源
Made from grapes 原材料
Escape from reality 现实
Buy the second bag from the right 数数
Recover from the illness 状态
Arrive home from the work 活动
prevent this from happening 离开 表示与事物的分离
Tell lucy from her twin sister 表区分含义
Fell sick from tiredness Judge /benefit / suffer from 离开起点 源头——表事件原因
表原因for 一般与奖惩 致谢 责备 宽恕 道歉+for 组合在一起使用
of核心概念是分离和关联
分离和关联
get rid of/clear of 分离 of后面跟的都是被解脱的事物
be free of charge/debt/worry 跟钱有关 from使用范伟广 of更加小众
Be born of a big family Be pround of 表示事物的来源 原因
B of A /B consist of A 表关联 ....的 重在理清关系 尤其部分与整体
a cup of tea 反应数量 计量关系
the summer of 2022 The joy of DIY 反应限定、修饰关系
man of courage of 用来体现一个人或事物的属性、特征
The age of 20=the age is 20 同位关系 of 可以换成be 常用于国家 山川 河流 称号 姓名 年龄 年月等
be+of +名词等于把名词形容词化 be useful=be of much use
实战演练
第一组区别
Steel is made from iron. from"离开”源头，看不出原材料
AIll the furniture was made of wood. of“关联’源头，看得出原材料
第二组区别
由浅到深of< about< on
a story of passion
a book about China
a lecture on Music
第三组区别
think of 想起
think about（更详细）考虑
die of: 内在原因——冷,饥饿或情感——die of hunger/cold/fear/grief(悲痛)
die from:外在原因——受伤，车祸等—— died from a wound/an accident
die for:事业、目的——died for the country/cause/liberty
第三队 by over with
By核心概念是在附近
举例 在附近
sit by me 表示人的附近
The church stands by a pretty river 表示物的附近
by oneself 自己旁边：独自地 独立地
By this time next week 期限旁边：在...之前 在这个期限前完成 组后期限
By the way ,can you come 话题旁边：对了 顺带
oen by one /day by day 相同名词附件 旁边 一个挨着一个 循序渐进
She seized her by the hair He took her by the arm 抓 握 拉 牵 拿 这些动作迅速完成 就要就近寻找最近的事物或者抓手比如人的身体或衣着部位，物体的手柄
They left the house by the back door pass/enter/escape...by the back/side door Stop/drop by 来到附近 尚未到达 表示经由 通向某地或某条路线 顺便拜访某人
Only by working hard can we succeed in doing anyhting by bus/ by car/pay by cash 附近 靠近 表方式原因 意为靠着 通过 采取
I could tell by the look on their face It is not fair to judge people by their appearances 判断某事的方式：根据...判断，依据，就...而言
surprised by his appearing 把最近的执行者表示出来 表被动 被....含义：为 受到 由 给
Played by Tom 由...创作 设计 演奏
The price went up by 20% 到达某程度的附近 表程度：提高/降低的比率/数目 而to 含义是到某个具体数目
rest by day and work by night 经由 通过——趁着白天/黑夜/光亮
The room is about 20feet and 15 feet 在附近 紧挨着 表长和宽
What do you mean by luck 接近 表示特定词或短语的意义
beside侧重左右侧的含义
小贴士
常考点
用the不用the
the 用法是特指 具体
By law, you are a child until you are 18. law是一个抽象概念 并不指具体那一部法律 不用the
The students refused to play the game by the rules. 这里的rules就是特指具体的 要用the
表示泛指 抽象名词不用the有以下：
by mistake误...
by accident意外地
by chance偶然
表示特指 具体名词用the有以下：
与the连用，表示时间或量度单位 标准
We rented the car by the day.按日租用
They're paid by the hour.按小时计酬
We only sell it by the meter.按米出售
by the dozen成打的
by the hundreds成百上千
over核心概念是如弧形一般覆盖在...的上方
含义：①上方 ②一头滑向到另一头 ③ 覆盖
如弧形一般覆盖在...的上方
There was a lamp hanging over the table ...的上方
She is putting a blanket over her daughter 覆盖
The college is just over the road from the station get over 恢复过来 克服 一头到另一头 那一头 （位置变换）
take over 接管 all over the world 遍及
Let’s have a chat over a cup of coffee stay/sleep over留宿过夜 look/go over仔细检查 watch/stand over监视 从头到尾 在...期间
In the U.K., people over the age of 65 travel on the bus for free. Water flow over the sidewalks. run over the bank fall/ stumble/trip绊倒over the rocks 从一头到另一头——过的含义： 超过 漫过 溢出 冲/跑过 越过（绊倒 摔过）
He is over me ib the office 表位置等级 位在...上方
I can not talk over the telephone 从一头传递到另一头 表方式
People always fight over wealth 表原因 为...在上方争夺
With核心概念是伴随
例子 伴随 和 与
with her friends /with pleasure 人、物、事（动作 感情）皆可为伴随对象
have/carry/take/bring with sb 身上带着... 比on更正式
a country with a history of more than 5000years 拥有 具有或显示出某性质特征 多做定语
be wild with joy 欣喜若狂/greet sb with a smile 笑脸相迎 所处情感状态 方式 原由 多做状语
特别提示
①by 与with区分
By+无形抽象事物 直接的手段
With+有形具象事物或材料，某种工具 用料
Cut it with a knife
Skill is gained by practice
②with+人 对人
at+事 对事
be angry/ annoyed at/with
be disappointed/furious at/with
be surprised at
be happy/pleased/satisfied with
He was stilla little angry with her.
Students were angry at being treated like children.
③常用组合 表示某种状态/品质/行为所关联、涉及或影响到的东西
be faced面对(被迫) with
be familiar 熟悉 with
be acquainted 相识，熟悉 with
be obsessed 着迷 with
be careful/ patient/ popular with
四、表示时间的常见介词的用法区别
1. at，on，in
at 表示时间的一点或较短的时间 at two o’clock 在两点钟 at midnight 在午夜
on 用于表示一段时间或特定的日子或场合 on Monday 在星期一 on a cold morning 在一个寒冷的早晨
in 表示时间的一段或较长的时间 in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午 in February 在二月
2. in，during
两者都表示一段时间，
凡是能用 in 的地方，一般均可用 during。
但是，during 更强调时间的延续，
而 in 则只是一般地指某一时间；
The shop is closed during spring holiday. 春节期间商店关门。
We usually go on holiday in July. 我们一般在七月份去度假。
3. since，after
since 词组所表示的时间一直延续到说话时间，因此往往要与完成时连用。
after 所表示的时间指过去，不延续到说话时间，因而要和一般过去时连用。
It has been three years since I last saw you. 从最后一次见到你至今已有三年了。
After that, he never passed any exam. 从那以后，他从未通过任何考试。
4. in，after
in 以现在为起点，表示将来一段时间，常用于将来时的句子中。
after 以过去为起点，表示过去时间，常用于过去时的句子中。
She will go in three days. 她三天后去。
She went after three days. 她三天以后走的。但如果表示具体时刻以后，要用 after。
She will go after three o’clock. 她将在三点以后去。
5. for，from，since
（1）for 用来表示某动作或状态延续了多长时间，可指过去、现在和将来。
I once stayed in Beijing for three months. 我曾在 北京待过三个月。
That house has been empty for six weeks. 那房子空着已经有六个星期了。
（2）有时不说动作或情况持续了多久，而说什么时候结束或到何时结束，这时可以用 from...to... 或 from...till/until。
I was in the office from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. 我从早八点到下午五点都在办公室里。
She learned to sing from the age of six. 她从六岁开始学唱歌。
指从某一时一直延续到至今，后接过去的时间点和从句
I have learned English since ten years ago
（4） after和before
after:在...以后
I will play football with him after school.(放学后我会和他踢足球。)
before:在..之前
Please wash your hands before meals.(饭前请洗手。)
（5） until 和by
until
(用于否定句，not..until"直到...才"， 与非延续性动词连用 !
(用于肯定句，意为"直到..为止"，主句谓语必须是延续性动词
We won't leave until Tom comes. (我们等到汤姆来才离开。)
He will be working until five o'clock. (他将一直工作到五点。)
by+将来时间点→一般将来时
(by+时间点， 表示”到...时间为止
(by+过去时间点→过去完成时
We will learn 300 words by the end of this term. (到这学期期末，我们将学会300个单词。 )
I had read three novels by last month.(到上个月为止，我已经读了三本小说了。)
特别提示：在以this、that、 next、 last、 yesterday、 tomorrow.、every等开头的表示时间的短语之前省略介词
表示位置关系的介词的用法区别
1. at，in
当事物被视作一点，不强调其空间，常见 at；
当强调事物空间或地域内部时用介词 in。如：
You may get off at 25th street. 你可以在 25 号大街下车。
I happened to meet him in the street. 我碰巧在大街上遇见他。
2. in，to
in 表示某一事物在区域以内；
to 表示在区域以外，一事物对另一事物的位置。如：
Japan lies to the east of China. 日本在中国的东边。
Xi’an is in the northwest of China. 西安在中国的西北部。
3. in front of 和 in the front of
in front of表示在范围以外的前部，
in the front of表示在范围以内的前部。
There is a tall tree in front of the house. 房子前面有一颗大树。
I sit in the front of the classroom. 我坐在教室的前排。
4. at/by/beside, next to, near
at/by/beside 表示“在……旁边”；
next to 表示“紧靠……旁边”；
near 表示“在……附近”。如：
The students are sitting at their desks and listening carefully to the teacher. 学生们正坐在桌边认真地听讲。
We sat by the fire. 我们坐在火炉边。
The building next to ours is a new school. 紧挨我们楼的那个建筑是一所新学校。
The house near ours is empty. 我们附近的那幢房子没有住人。
5. above，below，over，under
above 和 below 指位置高于……和低于……
They lived in a room above the shop. 他们住在商店上面的一个房间里。
The free market is just below my windows. 这个自由市场就在我的窗口之下。
over 和 under 表示垂直的上下关系，具有正上（下）方的含义。
He looked at himself in the mirror over the table. 他对着桌子上方的镜子照了照。
There is an old man under the tree. 树下有一位老人。
小贴士
在....上辨析
in the tree在树上(后上去的)
on the tree在树上| (长在枝头)
in the wall在墙上(门，窗等占去整体一部分)
on the wall在墙上(画，照片等在墙面上)
in+身上穿的衣服(red/a red coat等)
with+五官/配饰伤疤等
in the sky 在天上
六、表示运动方向的介词的用法区别
1. into，from
into 表示“由外到内”，
out of 表示“从里到外”
from 含有“通过……从里向外”
She followed the teacher into the office. 她跟着教师走进办公室。
He ran out of the room. 他跑出了房间。
I watched him from the window. 我透过窗户观察他。
2. across，through
across 表示一动作在另一物体表面进行。
through 表示动作在另一物体空间里进行。
He walked across the street. 他过了马路。
He went through the crowds to the bookshop. 他穿过人群来到书店。
3. on，onto
on 表示“在表面”，静态
onto 表示“到……上”，是动态
He jumped onto a big stone. 他跳上一个大石头。
He lay on the floor. 他躺在地板上。
4. to，towards，for
to 表示“到……目的地”
towards 表示“朝……方向运动”
for 表示“以……为目的地”。
Every day he takes a bus to the airport. 每天他乘公共汽车去机场。
I saw a man there and went towards him. 他看见那儿有个人，便向那儿走去。
He is leaving for New York tomorrow. 他明天将赴纽约。
方式介词
1、by,in和on表示交通方式
by直接跟交通工具，且交通工具前不加任何限定词
in用于car和taxi前
on用于其他交通工具前
by bike骑自行车 by plane =by air乘飞机
by ship=by sea乘船 (by a car乘小汽车)
In my father's car坐我爸爸的车
on my bike骑自行车
Mr. Li goes to work by car.= Mr. Li goes to work in a car. 李先生开车去上班。
2、by, in和with表示手段和工具
by: “通过，用"，表示用某种方式和手段，后+名词或doing
In：表示使用某种语言和使用的材料
with: 表示“用，以，借助于",后跟具体的工具
This pair of shoes is made by hand 这双鞋是手工制作的
He learns Englishby working with a group.他通过小组学习的发式学英语
Can you say itin English 你能用英语说吗
They paidin cash 他们用现金支付。
I often do my homeworkwith a pen. 我经常用钢笔做作业
八、其他介词
1、 except和besides
except: “除...以外" (不包含在内)
besides: 除..以外，还有.." (包含在内)
I like all the subjects except PE.除了体育，我喜欢其他所有的学科。喜欢的科目中不包括体育
I have a few friends besides you.(除了你，我还有几个好朋友。) 你也包括在我的好朋友里面
2、about和on
about:一般用语，常用于简单或浅显的问题的论述
on:用于系统论述，学术报告或专题演讲，学术性较强
The teacher told us a story about LeiFeng.老师给我们讲了一个关于雷锋的故事
He will give us a talk on the history of the Party .他将给我们作一一个关于党史的报告
3、of和in
of: 表示同一类人或事物中的最高级
Tom is the shortest boy of the six.汤姆是六个男孩中最矮的
in表示在某个范围内的最高级
Mary is the most outgoing girl in her class.玛丽是她们班最外向的女孩
介词与其他词类的固定搭配 了解为主
介词和动词、形容词、名词等常构成固定搭配，也就是说，在这些词的后面，常常要求用一定的介词。
1. 形容词与介词的固定搭配
有些形容词后面要求用固定搭配的介词，这类介词常见的有：about，at，for，from，in，of，to，with。
形容词+about
careful about 小心 careless about 粗心 hopeful about 抱……希望
sure about 肯定 certain about 对……有把握；
We are sure about his success. 我们确信他能成功。
He is careless about his clothes. 他不关心自己的衣着。
形容词+at
good at 擅长于 surprise at 对……惊奇 angry at 对……发怒 pleased at 对……欣慰如：
We are surprised at the news. 听到这个消息我们都很惊讶。
He is good at writing. 他擅长写作。
形容词+for
famous for 因……出名 known for 出名 ready for 准备好 possible for 可能如：
I’m terribly sorry for telling him the truth. 告诉他真相我真后悔。
sorry for 后悔； late for 迟到，没赶上
形容词+from
different from 与……不同
My sister is different from me in many ways. 我妹妹和我在很多方面不相同
absent from 没来上课如：
He was absent from class this meeting. 今天早上他没来上课。
safe from 安全
形容词+in
successful in 在……成功 interested in 对……感兴趣 expert in 在……熟练
rich in 富于，盛产； disappointed in 对……失望如：
He is interested in making model ships. 他对制作航模有很大的兴趣。
Apples are rich in vitamin C. 苹果中含有大量的维生素 C。
形容词+of
proud of 骄傲 tired of 厌倦 certain of 确信 afraid of 害怕 short of 缺乏
She doesn’t like to speak English because she is afraid of making mistakes. 她不愿讲英语，因为她害怕出错。
I’m tired of watching television, let’s go for a walk. 我已经厌倦看电视了，咱们去散步吧。
形容词+to
similar to 相似、相同 familiar to 为……所熟悉 favorable to 对……有利 equal to 等于 indifferent to 对……不在乎；
He was indifferent to what I said and did. 我说什么做什么他都无所谓。
The voice on the phone sounded familiar to me. 电话中的声音我听起来很熟悉。
形容词+with
satisfied with …… busy with crowded with 拥挤 friendly with 与……友好
angry with …… nervous with 对……紧张
He was busy with his work. 他正忙于工作。
The bus station is crowded with people. 汽车站挤满人。
2. 名词与介词的固定搭配有的名词后面要求跟固定的介词，常见的有如下几种情况；
名词+for
need for (of) 需要 reason for 有理由 necessity for 所需要的 cause for 因……而引起
excuse for 借口 pity for 怜悯，惋惜
He made up an excuse for being late. 他为迟到编了一个借口。
Did you find the cause for being failure 你找到失败的原因了吗？
名词+in
difficulty in 困难 pride in 自傲 progress in 有进步 skill in 有技能
He has some difficulty in translating the book. 他翻译这本书有些困难。
She has made great progress in English. 她在英语方面取得了很大的进步。
He takes a great pride in his appearance. 他对自己的外表感到很骄傲。
名词+of
excuse for 借口 pity for 怜悯，惋惜 care of 注意 example of 例子 quality of 品质 way of 方法；
possibility of 可能性
She found another way of solving the problem. 她找到了另一个解决问题的办法。
He forms a bad habit of getting up late. 他养成了晚起床的坏习惯。
名词+on (upon)
mercy (pity) on 怜悯 attack on 攻击 lecture on 讲授如：
Have pity on me! 可怜可怜我吧！
There have been several attacks on foreigners recently. 最近有几起袭击外国人的事件。
名词+to
answer to 作答 attention to 注意 key to 使与……一致如：
He made no answer to my question. 他对我的问题没有作答。
Where is the key to room 331 331 房间的钥匙在哪儿？
名词+with
trouble with 在……有困难（麻烦） business with 做生意 talk with 畅谈
如：
He is always getting into trouble with the police. 他老是被警察抓获。
I wanted to have a talk with you. 我很想和你谈谈。
3.副词与介词的搭配
instead of代替Next to仅次于 shortly after不久 away from离开 apart from .....以外 far from远离accordingto根据.
shortof缺乏because of因为ahead of 在....前面 together with 和...在一起
4.动词和介词的搭配.
laughat嘲笑 agree with同意，赞同
think of想出 catch upwith赶上、超过
worry about为....担心 shout at .对.....呼喊
take care of关心 knock at the door敲门
look like看起来像 play with玩耍
hear from收到.....信 point to指向
arrive in到达( 大地方) get onwith与某人相处
get to到达 move to...搬家至某地.
so...fromo...阻止某人做某事 arriveat到达(小地方)
Pay for支付、付钱 wait for等候
Prefer to...宁可，更喜欢 think about考虑
take part in参加 tie..to把...... 系在.....上
go on with继续. point to地向
look after照看、照料 hear of听说.
look at看 fall behind落后.
look for寻找 do well in在..... 学/做得好
listen to听
高级讲解
介词短语核心公式
介词短语/介宾短语=介词+宾语=介词+名数代/动名词及短语/不定式to do及短语/介宾短语/形容词/副词/疑问词+不定式/宾语从句（疑问词引导从句/ that引导的从句
一、介词的位置
1、介词通常位于名词或代词前
介词+名词或代词
The book is beyond her. 这本书她读不懂。
The man is beneath contempt. 那人为人所不齿。
The retired general lived in a small castle three miles past the village. 那位退役将军住在村庄过去三英里的一座小城堡里。
2、在某些结构中，介词可以放在句尾
2.1在“介词+whom/which/what/whose”结构位于句首的疑问句中，介词常可放在句尾
Who is she talking to 她在同谁谈话？
Which hotel did you stay at 你住在哪家宾馆？
Which desk did you put the book on 你把书放在哪个桌子上了？
2.2定语从句中位于 that/whom/which 之前的介词也可以放在句尾在这种情况下，关系代词可以省略。但介词不可放在 that 前面，而必须放在句尾，that 可省略。例如：
She is the teacher (whom,that) I once worked together with. 她是一位教师，与我做过同事。
This is the kind of life (that, which) he is used to. 他已习惯了这种生活。
2.3某些 wh-词引导的名词性从句中，关系代词为介词宾语位于从句句首时，介词应后置
I don’t know what you are driving at. 我不知道你是什么意图。
Money is what he is badly in need of. 他急需的是钱。
I wonder whose room he was in. 我不知道他在谁的房间里。
I don’t know what he looks like. 我不知道他长得什么样。
2.4动词不定式作状语，需要介词同句中主语构成介宾关系时，介词应后置
The lake is safe to swim in. 在这个湖里游泳安全。
The table lamp is bright enough to read by. 这个台灯很亮，看书没有问题。
2.5动词不定式作定语，需要介词同动词不定式所修饰的名词构成介宾关系时，介词应后置
It is the key to open the box with. 这就是开那个箱子的钥匙。
In those days he even didn’t have any money to buy food with. 在那些日子里，他甚至连购买食物的钱都没有。
They pledged their newly borrowed house for a loan to do business with. 他们以刚购置的房屋作为抵押，弄到一笔贷款来做生意。
3、在某些“（不及物）动词+介词”结构中，介词紧跟动词后 在这种结构中，宾语不可放在动词和介词之间，只能放在介词后面。 不及物动词+介词可整体视为谓语
The thief broke into the house. 盗贼闯进了屋子。
She looked after her brother. 她照看弟弟。
He takes after his mother. 他像他母亲。
二、介词的宾语
介词的宾语不仅限于名词和代词，还可以是其他词类或句子等。
1、名词
The car ran into a wall, and two men were killed. I shall answer you concerning your request.
The park is home to half of the world’s population of gorillas. That is a building constructed of wood, metal, concrete, etc. Human affairs are all subject to changes and disasters.
We walked through the woods under a roof of leafy boughs.
It was towards sunset on a cool autumn day.
They trudged westward, day and night, over dusty roads and roaring river, under hot suns and cold rains, through green valleys and windy wastelands.
2、代词
She is interested in it.
Wherever he went, he carried the photo with him.
3、形容词
Your plan is far from perfect.
I have advised him in private.
In short, I have done my best.
The bridge is anything but safe.
特别提示：in, from, but, near, instead of 等后可用形容词作宾语 很少见
4、副词
She came from after.
He shouted from below.
We have trusted her till recently.
I can’t see the tower clearly from here.
They have never seen each other since five years ago.
She received them coldly instead of warmly.
特别提示：from, since, except, till, until, instead of 等后可用副词作宾语 很少见
5、动名词
He insisted on doing it that way.
She spent the morning in reading.
He entered the room without taking off his hat.
Instead of attempting to save one species at a time, they are trying to save a complete natural environment.
As for being adopted, I have no desire to find my real parents.
特别提示：in, on, without, instead of 等后可用动名词作宾语
6、不定式
He did nothing but cry.
I would sooner die than yield.
She could do no otherwise than (to) wait.
He couldn’t do anything except wait for the reply. He knew better than to trust the hypocrite.
特别提示：but, besides, except, than 等后可用不定式作宾语 很少见
7、介词短语
She often studies till after midnight.
They came from across the river.
She read till into the night.
The temperature dropped to over zero centigrade.
He suddenly appeared from behind the door.
特别提示：to, since, from, except, till, until, across 等后可用介词短语作宾语
8、数词
In nine out of ten he won’t come.
The students walked there in twos and threes.
9、疑问词+不定式 本质是宾语从句缩写为非谓语动词短语
I have informed her of when to start.
That depends on which method to take.
The problem of how to get enough money is difficult to settle.
10、疑问词引导从句 本质是宾语从句做介词宾语
He does not care about who will be promoted.
I have no idea as to what he will do there.
That depends on whether he has persistence.
She asked to be informed of which university was the best for her.
The night was dead quiet except that a bird flew from tree to tree occasionally.
I got myself a table at what was said to be the best restaurant in town.
11、that 引导的从句 本质是宾语从句做介词宾语
I would go with you but that I am too busy.
She is not happy notwithstanding that she is rich.
Man differs from other animals in that man can laugh and speak.
2. 介词后的其他结构：介词短语嵌套
（名词+形容词）
He is away from home with his children alone. （名词+形容词）
With the sun down, night came on. （名词+副词）
He left home without a cent in his pocket. （名词+介词短语）
His success depends on him/his working hard. （代词+现在分词）
They parted from each other without a word said. （名词+过去分词）
He wandered about without anything to do. （代词+不定式）
She stayed late with a lot of letters to write. （名词+不定式）
The night was beautiful with the moon shining brightly. （名词+现在分词）
The soldiers returned with a man bound up in rope. （名词+过去分词）
He stayed there three years with Jim his only friend. （名词+同位语）
3. 值得注意的是，除了 in that, except that, save that, but that, notwithstanding that 外，that
引导的从句不可直接作介词的宾语，必须在介词和 that 之间加上先行词，一般用 it
你可以放心，你的需要会被满足的。
You can count on that your needs will be satisfied. [×]
You can count on it that your needs will be satisfied. [√] 你尽管放心，他们会遵守承诺的。
We may depend upon that they will do as they have promised. [×]
We may depend upon it that they will do as they have promised. [√]
本质 that是代词 本身可以做介词宾语 会与后面宾语从句产生混乱歧义 到底做的是in的宾语还是引导后面的从句
三、介词短语的句法功能
介词与其他词类或成分结合后方能在句子中充当语法成分，构成介词短语。介词短语可以作定语（须后置）、状语、表语、宾语补足语、另一介词的宾语，间或作主语等。
形式 类别 词性 主语 谓语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 同位语
短语 介词/宾短语 名词性 形容词性 副词性 √ √ √ √ √

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