资源简介

英语语法系列｜代词
代词的分类
1. 人称代词：主格、宾格
2. 物主代词：形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词
3. 反身代词：myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself...
4. 相互代词：each other, one another
5. 指示代词：this, that, these, those
6. 疑问代词：who, whom, whose, what, which
7. 连接代词：who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever...
8. 关系代词：that, which, whose, as...
9. 不定代词：some, any, many, much, each, neither, other, another, either...
人称代词
主格 作主语 I succeeded because l willed it;I never hesitated. 我成功是因为我有决心，从不踌躇。
作表语 （强调句型） It was he who was late.迟到的人是他。
宾格 动词的宾语 Neither he nor I was able to understand her. 我和他都不能理解她。
介词的宾语 Don't worry about it.别为它担心。
作表语 Who is knocking at the door 谁在敲门 It's me.是我。
人称代词中，几个注意的情况：
(1) 第一人称单数代词 " I（我）" 不论在什么地方都要大写。I study English every day.我天天学习英语。
(2) " we " 常常代替" I "表示一种同读者，听众或观众之间的亲密关系。We shall do our best to help the poor.我们将尽全力帮助贫困者。
(3) " she "常常代替国家，城市，宠物等，表示一种亲密或爱抚的感情。I live in China. She is a great country.我住在中国.她是一个伟大的国家。
(4) " it " 可指身份不清人、天气、环境、时间。可用作形式主语、形式宾语或强调句型。It's me. Open the door,please.是我，请开门。
(5) " they " 有时代替一般人.They say you are good at computer.他们说你精通计算机。物主代词物主代词，顾名思义，物体的主人是谁，表达的是所属关系。物主代词有两类，形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。
形容词性物主代词：作定语，相当形容词，不能单独使用，后面必须加名词；名词性物主代词：不作定语，相当名词词组，可单独使用，后面不须加名词。
Here is my sister. Her name is Jenny.（形容词性物主代词）Is that coffee yours or hers （名词性物主代词）反身代词（1）用作同位语（加强被修饰词的语气，紧放在被修饰名词后，或句末）The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重。Martin himself attended the sick man. 马丁亲自照顾病人。Don't trouble to come over yourself. 你不必费神亲自来了。You yourself said so. / You said so yourself. 你自己是这样说的。Never leave to others what you ought to do yourself. 不要把自己该做的事留给别人做。
（2）用作宾语（动词或介词的宾语）Take good care of yourself. 照顾好自己。He has a right to decide for himself. 他有权为自己做出决定。He made no complaint for himself. 他没为自己抱怨什么。She finally gained control of herself. 最后她控制住了自己。She could not make herself understood. 她不能使别人听懂她的话。Everybody here has the influenza including myself. 包括我在内所有人都患上流感。The child cried himself to sleep. 孩子哭着哭着睡着了。She convinced herself that it was so. 她说服自己情况是这样的。He had a couple of revolvers with which to defend himself. 他只有一两把手枪用来自卫。
（3）用作表语The poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。The ones who really want it are ourselves.真正想要它的是我们自己。【说明】有时用于 be, feel, seem, look 等后作表语表示身体或精神处于正常状态：I'm not quite myself these days. 我近来身体不大舒服。I'll be myself again in no time. 我过一会儿就会好的。
（4）用作主语在现代英语中，反身代词一般不能独立用作主语，但是它却可以借助 and, or, nor 等连词与其他名词一起构成并列主语(且位于并列主语的后部)，以及用于某些特殊结构(如as...as等)：My brother and myself went there yesterday. 昨天我兄弟和我一起去了那儿。Jim's sister and himself get up at six every day. 吉姆的妹妹和他每天6点起床。He was as anxious as myself.他和我一样担心。
（5）固定搭配teach oneself 自学 speak/say to oneself 自言自语by oneself独自地 help oneself to 随便吃……enjoy oneself 玩得开心make yourself at home 请自便
相互代词相互代词无人称、数和格的区别，在句中作宾语。其所有格分别为each other’ s，one another’ s，作定语。在正式文体中多用each other指两者，用one another 指两者以上。
(1) 作动词宾语We often help each other in our lessons.我们经常在功课上互相帮助。They see one another every day.他们每天见面。
(2) 可作介词宾语Does bark, cocks crow, frogs croak to each other．吠叫，鸡鸣，青蛙相互呱呱叫。
(3) 传统语法认为，相互关系存在于两个人或物之间用each other, 存在于两个以上人和物之间用 one another。现代英语中，两组词交替使用的实例也很多。He put all the books beside each other.他把所有书并列摆放起来。He put all the books beside one another.他把所有书并列摆放起米。Usually these small groups were independent of each other.这些小团体通常是相互独立的。
指示代词
用法 单数 复数
近指 this these
远指 that those
(1) 作主语This is Lucy.That is Tom.Those who are standing there are some of my friends.(some of my friends=some friends of mine)These are dogs.
(2) 作宾语I fancy this/that.The books of Tom are better than those of Lucy.The weather of BJ is as bad as that of SJZ.
(3) 作定语this river; that girl; these customs; those cities;this/that 修饰可数名词单词；these/those 修饰可数名词复数。
(4) 作表语What he fancies is this.
补充：指示代词间的基本区别(1) this 可以指代一个词或一句话。 He runs every day.This makes him robust.He is of much obesity.Because of this, he fails to jump over the river.
(2) that 可以指代一个词（可数名词单数/不可数名词），也可以指代一句话。Their relationship is much closer than that of Lucy and Lily.He often laughs at others. That is the reason why others hate him.
(3) these 一般指代复数名词。表示这些A: What cars do you fancy B: I fancy these.
(4) those 一般指代复数名词。表示那些Their habits are different from those of the Americans.
补充：It 也可以指代前面一句话。He thought that the price would fall. However, it is not the case at all.

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