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2024英语中考定语从句详细讲解和讲义(一)
第一：什么叫定语从句？
定义：
英语定语从句是指：在句子中起到定语作用的从句。
作用：
1.用来修饰某个名词或代词的从句，它通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。
2.用来进一步说明该名词或代词的特征、属性、状态、性质等。
3.定语从句通常由关系代词who, whose, which, that引导。
第二：定语从句的基本结构：
一、关系代词引导的定语从句：
1.关系代词：who, whose, which, that
2.结构：关系代词 + 句子
3.示例：关系代词引导的定语从句：
（1）The boy who is standing there is my brother.
（站在那里的男孩是我弟弟。）
（2）This is the book that I bought yesterday.
（这是我昨天买的那本书。）
二、关系副词引导的定语从句：
1.关系副词：where, when, why
2.结构：先行词 + 关系副词 + 句子
3.示例：关系副词引导的定语从句：
（1）This is the house where I was born.（这是我出生的房子。）
（2）Do you remember the day when we first met （你还记得我们第一次见面的那天吗？）
（3）I don't know the reason why he left.（我不知道他离开的原因。）
第三：定语从句的引导词—关系代词的详细用法：
关系代词：who, whose, which, that
一、关系代词：who的具体用法：
关系代词 "who" 在定语从句中用来引导修饰人的从句。
可作主语、表语、宾语等成分：
1. 作主语：
The girl who is singing is my sister.
（正在唱歌的那个女孩是我的妹妹。）
2.作宾语：
I met a man who speaks five languages.
（我遇到了一个会说五种语言的人。）
3．作表语：
He is the one who won the first prize.
（他是获得第一名的那个人。）
二、关系代词whose的具体用法：
在定语从句中，关系代词 "whose" 的作用是引导一个修饰名词的从句，并表示所修饰名词的所有关系。"whose" 的先行词通常是人或物的所有者。
可作名词所有格和表示所属关系等成分
1.名词所有格：
（1）The man whose car was stolen reported it to the police.
（那辆车被盗的那个人向警方报案了。）
（2）The novel whose author is famous has been translated into many languages.
（这本小说的作者很有名，已经翻译成多种语言。）
2.可以表示所属关系：
（1）The girl whose father is a doctor wants to become a nurse.
（那个父亲是医生的女孩想要成为一名护士。）
（2）The company whose CEO is retiring will be looking for a replacement.
（那家公司的首席执行官即将退休，将寻找接替者。）
三、关系代词which的具体用法：
在定语从句中，关系代词 "which" 用来引导一个修饰名词的从句，通常用于修饰物。
可作主语、表语、宾语等成分：
1.用来修饰主语：
（1）The book which I borrowed from the library is very interesting.
（我从图书馆借来的那本书非常有趣。）
（2）The car which is parked outside belongs to my friend.
（停在外面的那辆车属于我的朋友。）
2.用来修饰宾语：
（1）I need a pen which writes smoothly.
（我需要一支笔，能流畅地写字。）
（2）Can you recommend a hotel which is close to the airport
（你能推荐一家靠近机场的酒店吗？）
四、关系代词that的具体用法：
在定语从句中，关系代词 "that" 用来引导一个修饰名词的从句，并且通常用于修饰人或物。与 "which" 相比，"that" 更为通用和常见。
可作主语、表语、宾语等成分：
1．用来修饰主语：
The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.
（我从图书馆借来的那本书非常有趣。）
The car that is parked outside belongs to my friend.
（停在外面的那辆车属于我的朋友。）
2.用来修饰宾语：
（1）I need a pen that writes smoothly.
（我需要一支笔，能流畅地写字。）
Can you recommend a hotel that is close to the airport
（你能推荐一家靠近机场的酒店吗？）
第四：关于定语从句练习题：
选择题。请填入适当的关系代词：
1.he book _____ I read yesterday was very interesting.
A. that B. which C. who D. whose
2.The girl _____ is standing over there is my classmate.
A. that B. which C. who D. whose
3.The car _____ we rented for the trip was brand new.
A. that B. which C. who D. whose
4.The man _____ I met at the party was a famous musician.
A. that B. which C. who D. whose
5.The company _____ CEO just resigned is facing financial difficulties.
A. that B. which C. who D. whose
6.The school library, _____ is open until 9 p.m., is very popular among students.
A. that B. which C. who D. whose
7.The woman _____ house was destroyed in the fire received help from the community.
A. that B. which C. who D. whose
8.The teacher _____ taught us math last year is retiring.
A. that B. which C. who D. whose
9.The cat, _____ fur is white and black, is very cute.
A. that B. which C. who D. whose
10.The movie _____ we saw last night was a romantic comedy.
A. that B. which C. who D. whose
答案：A C A C A B A C D B
（二）填空题。请填入适当的关系代词：
1.The boy ____ won the first prize is my best friend.
答案：who
2.The house ____ I used to live in has been demolished.
答案：which
3.Do you know the girl ____ brother is a famous actor
答案：whose
4.This is the book ____ I borrowed from the library yesterday.
答案：that/which
5.The teacher ____ taught us English last year is very kind.
答案：who
6.The movie ____ we watched last night was very exciting.
答案：that/which
7.The car ____ belongs to my dad is parked in the garage.
答案：that/which
8.The dog ____ barks all night is annoying.
答案：that
9.The man ____ I saw at the park was wearing a red hat.
答案：whom/who
10.The tree ____ shade provides a great place to relax.
答案：whose

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