资源简介

Unit 9 Human Biology Lesson 2 Brain Power——高二英语北师大版（2019）选择性必修第三册课时优化训练
一、填空题
1.It is the third time that he ______(visit) our beautiful city Harbin.
2.In the last few years, China ______(make) great achievements in environmental protection.
3.A supply of food ______(send) to the countries struck by the earthquake so far.
4.A medical team _____(consist) of five doctors and two nurses set off for the earthquake-stricken area.
5.Mei Lanfang is good at playing the role of women in Peking Opera, ______(call) "Dan".
6.We are determined to create an even ______(good) system.
7.St. Andrew's Academy, ______(locate) on Lake Almanor, is surrounded by natural beauty as far as the eye can see.
8.Humour has unique power. It brings people together. It reduces the pain ______(connect) with life's difficulties.
9.The people who are known as net worms are those ______ are addicted to the Internet.
10.People in America speak the same language _______ the British do.
二、阅读理解
Last summer, the story about a CEO who encouraged employees to take mental health days spread online. It led to many media stories about the importance of taking care of your mental health including taking a mental health day when you need one.
But what about kids Should you let your child take a mental health day from school The answer isn't a simple yes or no. It's important for kids to power through some discomfort, like going to school even when they're afraid of giving a presentation, or when they don't have their math homework done. There's a lot of value in showing them that they're stronger than they think. But when they're feeling so bad that they're struggling to function, and going to school is likely to make it worse, a mental health day might be just what the doctor ordered.
Letting kids take the occasional(偶尔的) mental health day-maybe once or twice a year-could make them believe that taking care of their minds is vital, just as they should take care of their bodies. It can also be a great opportunity to help them sharpen their emotional skills and build the mental muscles they need to stay strong.
A good way to spend a mental health day is to use the time to do the following things.
Solve a problem. If your child is stressed out by a specific problem, you might be able to turn a mental health day into a problem-solving opportunity.
Practice self-care. If your child is exhausted or overworked, an occasional day off may help him recuperate. It could be an opportunity to develop healthier habits, like going to sleep earlier, eating nutritious(有营养的) food, and getting plenty of exercise.
See a professional. If your child is struggling to attend school, seek professional help. Schedule an appointment with your pediatrician(儿科医生) to talk about your child's mental health needs. A physician may refer you to a mental health professional if it's necessary.
11.What did people do after reading the story about a CEO
A. They decided to take more days off work.
B. They realized mental health needs care too.
C. They decided to read some media stories about him.
D. They became worried about employees' mental health.
12.Which of the following shows the author's opinion
A. All children need a mental health day.
B. Kids need a mental health day less than adults.
C. Schools should arrange regular mental health days.
D. A mental health day is sometimes necessary for children.
13.What does the underlined word "recuperate" in Paragraph 6 mean
A. Recover. B. Think. C. Sleep. D. Exercise
14.What would be the best title for the text
A. When do kids need mental health days
B. Why do people need mental health days
C. How can kids make use of mental health days
D. Should kids be allowed to take mental health days
三、七选五
A good digital citizen(数字公民) is someone who uses the Internet wisely, follows Internet rules and helps to make the net a great world for themselves and everyone else. ①______.
Protect your privacy(隐私). ②___ ___Do you know how easy it is for someone to use your private information for other harmful activities Make sure that you know how to protect all your private information, including your phone number, address, email address, etc. Also, be careful about the personal information you post.
③_____. Don't make it all too easy for someone to steal your personal information. Learn how to use a system such as LastPass to remember all your passwords, or use a reliable app to safely store all your password information.
Be careful with photos. The most simple photos can still show a lot of things that shouldn't be posted online. ④___ ___. If you take a photo of your car, don't include the license plate. Also, learn how to turn off geographically-tagging(标识) features. Actually， there are some facial recognition software programs that can find you even if you aren't tagged.
Use the Internet politely. You probably don't like it when people send you rude information. Well，think of the rude information as a great incentive(激励) to be careful about what you send to others. If you expect nice information, you have to be nice yourself. ⑤___ ___, no matter how you are really getting on.
A. Understand password safety
B. Change your passwords often
C. The information makes it easy to track you down
D. The first thing you need to do is keep yourself safe
E. If you take a photo of your home, make sure the street number isn't shown
F. Make it a point to be as positive as possible when you are online
G. Here are some things that you as a student can do to be a good digital citizen
答案以及解析
一、填空题
1.答案：has visited
解析：句意为: 这是他第三次参观我们美丽的城市哈尔滨。在"It is the...time+that从句"句型中, 主句使用一般现在时, 从句中应使用现在完成时, 从句主语是he。故填has visited。
2.答案：has made
解析：句意为: 在过去的几年里, 中国在环境保护方面取得了巨大的成就。根据时间状语In the last few years可知用现在完成时, 主语China是第三人称单数, 谓语动词也应用单数。故填has made。
3.答案：has been sent
解析：句意为: 到目前为止, 已有一批食物被送往发生地震的国家。时间状语so far常和现在完成时连用; 句子主语A supply of food和send之间为被动关系, 因此用现在完成时的被动语态; "a supply of+名词"作主语时, 谓语动词应用单数形式; send是不规则变化动词, 过去分词为sent。故填has been sent。
4.答案：consisting
解析：句意为: 由五名医生和两名护士组成的医疗队出发前往地震灾区。本句已有谓语动词set off, 与设空处无连词连接, 所以设空处须用非谓语动词作后置定语, 修饰主语A medical team; consist of为不及物动词短语, 不可用被动语态, 故填现在分词形式。故填consisting。
5.答案：called
解析：句意为: 梅兰芳擅长扮演京剧中被称为"旦"的女性角色。被修饰词the role of women和call为逻辑上的被动关系, 故用过去分词called作后置定语。 故填called。
6.答案：better
解析：句意为: 我们决定去创造一个甚至更好的系统。much/even/still/a bit/a little等词之后常接比较级。故填better。
7.答案：located
解析：句意为: 圣安德鲁学院坐落在阿尔马诺湖畔, 四周放眼望去尽是自然美景。St. Andrew's Academy和locate是逻辑上的被动关系, 应用过去分词表被动。故填located。
8.答案：connected
解析：句意为: 幽默有独特的力量, 它使人们团结起来, 减少了与生活中的困难有关的痛苦。connect...with...为固定短语, 意为"把......和......连在一起"。此处pain和connect之间是逻辑上的被动关系, 是过去分词作后置定语。故填connected。
9.答案：who
解析：句意为: 沉迷于网络的人们被称为"网虫"。此处定语从句中缺主语, 先行词为those, 指人, 关系词应用who。故填who。
10.答案：as
解析：句意为: 美国人和英国人说同样的语言。the same...as...为固定短语, 意为"和......一样的......"。故填as。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的"It led to many media stories about the importance of taking care of your mental health including taking a mental health day when you need one.(这引发了许多媒体关于照顾心理健康重要性的报道，包括在需要的时候安排一个心理健康日。)"可知，在看来CEO的故事后，引发了许多媒体关于照顾心理健康的重要性的报道。由此可知，人们意识到了需要照顾心理健康。故选B。
12.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的"Letting kids take the occasional(偶尔的) mental health day-maybe once or twice a year-could make them believe that taking care of their minds is vital, just as they should take care of their bodies. It can also be a great opportunity to help them sharpen their emotional skills and build the mental muscles they need to stay strong.(让孩子们偶尔参加一次心理健康活动—也许一年一两次—可以让他们相信，照顾好自己的心理很重要，就像他们应该照顾好自己的身体一样。这也是一个很好的机会，可以帮助他们磨练情绪技巧，锻炼他们保持强壮所需的心理肌肉。)"可知，作者认为孩子们需要偶尔参加一次心理健康活动。故选D。
13.答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。根据文章第六段"If your child is exhausted or overworked, an occasional day off may help him recuperate. (如果你的孩子精疲力竭或过度劳累，偶尔休息一天可以帮助他恢复。)"可知，前面if引导的条件状语从句中提到了"如果孩子精疲力竭或过度劳累"，后面又提到"偶尔休息一天可以帮助recuperate"；根据常识可知，休息可以让人从精疲力竭或过度劳累的状态中"恢复"过来；由此可推知，recuperate与"恢复"意义相近。recuperate为动词，表示"恢复、复原"，与recover互为同义表达。故选A。
14.答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。根据文章第二段中的"But what about kids Should you let your child take a mental health day from school The answer isn't a simple yes or no.(但是孩子们呢？你应该让你的孩子从学校请一天心理健康假吗？答案不是简单的是或不是。)"可知，本文主要围绕"是否应该让孩子休心理健康假"展开论述；文章第三段给出了休心理健康假的好处；第四、五、六、七段则列出了一些孩子在休心理健康假时可以做的事。由此可知，D项"Should kids be allowed to take mental health days (应该允许孩子们休心理健康假吗 )"最能概括本文内容。故选D。
三、七选五
答案：①-⑤GDAEF
解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一些学生成为优秀数字公民的建议。
①根据前句"A good digital citizen(数字公民) is someone who uses the Internet wisely, follows Internet rules and helps to make the net a great world for themselves and everyone else.(一个好的数字公民是那些明智地使用互联网，遵守互联网规则，并帮助使网络成为自己和其他人的美好世界的人。)"及下文可知，这里为承上启下句，即如何成为优秀的数字公民。所以选择项G"Here are some things that you as a student can do to be a good digital citizen(作为一名学生，你可以做以下几件事来成为一个优秀的数字公民)"符合上下文语境。故选G。
②根据本段中心句"Protect your privacy(隐私).(保护你的隐私。)"和后文"Do you know how easy it is for someone to use your private information for other harmful activities Make sure that you know how to protect all your private information, including your phone number, address, email address, etc. Also, be careful about the personal information you post. (你知道有人利用你的私人信息进行其他有害活动有多容易吗 确保你知道如何保护你所有的私人信息，包括你的电话号码，地址，电子邮件地址等。另外，要注意你发布的个人信息。)"可知，保护自己的隐私安全很重要。所以选择项D"The first thing you need to do is keep yourself safe (你要做的第一件事就是保证自己的安全)"符合上下文语境。故选D。
③根据后文"Don't make it all too easy for someone to steal your personal information. Learn how to use a system such as LastPass to remember all your passwords, or use a reliable app to safely store all your password information. (不要让别人轻易窃取你的个人信息。学习如何使用LastPass等系统来记住所有密码，或者使用可靠的应用程序来安全地存储所有密码信息。)"可知，本段主要介绍要注意秘密安全。所以选择项A"Understand password safety (了解密码安全)"符合上下文语境。故选A。
④根据前句"The most simple photos can still show a lot of things that shouldn't be posted online. (最简单的照片仍然可以显示出很多不应该在网上发布的东西。)"和后句"If you take a photo of your car, don't include the license plate.(如果你给你的车拍照，不要拍车牌号。)"可知，这里与后句并列，具体说明照片上不能显示的信息。所以选择项E"If you take a photo of your home, make sure the street number isn't shown (作如果你给你的家拍照，确保没有显示街道号码)"符合上下文语境。故选E。
⑤根据前句"If you expect nice information, you have to be nice yourself. (如果你想得到好的信息，你自己就得对人好。)"及后半句"no matter how you are really getting on.(无论你的实际进展如何。)"可知，使用网络要保持积极有礼貌的态度。所以选择项F"Make it a point to be as positive as possible when you are online (当你在网上时，要尽量保持积极的态度)"符合上下文语境。故选F。Unit 9 Human Biology Writing Workshop——高二英语北师大版（2019）选择性必修第三册课时优化训练
一、填空题
1.Thanks to the ______(effect) measures, the number of the Tibetan antelopes is on the rise.
2.In China, a whole fish ______(symbol) richness. At a party, it is a tradition to serve the whole fish.
3.The government has worked out a new regulation ______(aim) at reducing the road accidents.
4.By ______(study) some trees, researchers found out that trees that are more exposed to artificial lighting at night bud(发芽) up to 7.5 days earlier than those in the normal nighttime setting.
5.I aim _________(be) a policeman when I leave school.
6.He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers, _________(include) his passport.
7.We decided to explore the _________(surround) countryside.
8.His interest in writing came from a long ______(correspond) with a close college friend.
9.Today, we will discuss _________ number of cases where beginners of English are likely to meet with.
10.There are many sportsmen ______ also see rock climbing as a physical challenge where they always move up the levels.
二、阅读理解
Do you want to live another 100 years or more Do you want to live never to die Some experts say, it will not be a dream one day. Modern technology will make it come true. Man will live more years beyond what is now seen as the natural limit of the human life.
"I think we are knocking at the door of immortality," said Michael, a professor and author of two books on human life expectancy. "I think by 2075 we will see it and it's no longer a dream. Humans' life expectancy may have no limit."
At the meeting in San Francisco, Donald Louria, a professor at New Jersey Medical School said advances in using genes as well as other technology make it likely that humans will live in the future beyond what has been possible in the past. "There is a great push so that people can live from 120 to 180 years," he said. "Some have suggested that there is no limit and that people could live to 300 or 500 years."
However, many scientists are doubtful about it and say the human body is just not designed to last more than about 120 years. Even with healthier lifestyles and less disease, they say failure of the brain and other parts of the body will finally lead all humans to death.
Scientists also hold different opinions on what kind of life man might live. "If you pass 120, you know, could you be healthy enough to have good quality of life It's a big question," said Leonard Poon, director of the university centre. "At present people who could get to that point are not in good health at all."
11.What does the underlined word in the second paragraph probably mean
A. Dying slowly. B. Living longer.
C. Living forever. D. Dying quickly.
12.What is Donald's attitude
A. Human beings may never die in the future.
B. It is not certain how long humans can live.
C. The human body can last about 120 years.
D. It is possible for man to live longer in the future.
13.What does the phrase "get to that point" mean in the last sentence
A. Get that idea. B. Get to 120 years old.
C. Know how to live forever. D. Have good quality of life.
14.What would be the best title for this text
A. Living longer or not B. Science and long living
C. No limit for human life D. Healthy lifestyle and living
三、七选五
Seasonal affective disorder(SAD)is a type of depression that sets in or starts in the winter months. ①________. It is often a cyclical, recurring disorder. You'll feel depression every winter and begin to feel better each spring.
SAD depression is caused by lowered levels of serotonin(血清素), the mood-affecting brain chemical that is caused by seasonal changes in daylight. Although any amount of outdoor light can help raise serotonin levels, getting light in the morning seems to offer the most benefit. ②________. In your home or office, try sitting close to a window that faces south. Replacing light bulbs(电灯泡)in your home with full spectrum light bulbs can help because their light is similar to sunlight.
③________. Exercise raises levels of serotonin and also increases levels of endorphins, which have been shown to fight depression. Moderate exercise such as walking, riding a stationary bike, or swimming is a great way to get started.
Vitamin D is necessary for the synthesis of serotonin and dopamine(chemicals associated with depression), so researchers concluded that a link between low vitamin D levels and depression was logical. Scientists recommend one to take vitamin D 2,000 IU daily, ④______.
Year-end panic refers to the self-reproach(自责) and overall feeling of panic brought about by the approach of the year's end, often due to a poor financial year and pressure from work and family. ⑤________. While regretting for the failed plans in the past year, you can still make resolution to do it better in the coming year.
A. Eating more fish can fight SAD
B. If the weather permits, take a walk
C. where days can be very short in winter
D. but suggest taking more if you get little exposure to the sun
E. Experts suggest that we should avoid competition with others
F. Unlike other types of depression, it may improve as spring comes on
G. Studies have shown that upping your exercise routine can resist SAD
答案以及解析
一、填空题
1.答案：effective
解析：句意为: 由于采取了有效的措施, 藏羚羊的数量呈上升趋势。设空处修饰后面的名词measures, 应填形容词作定语, 根据语境可知应填effective, 意为"有效的"。 故填effective。
2.答案：symbolises
解析：句意为: 在中国, 一整条鱼象征着财富。设空处为谓语动词, 主语是a whole fish, 为第三人称单数。故填symbolises。
3.答案：aiming/aimed
解析：句意为: 政府已经制定出一个旨在减少道路事故的新规则。aim at doing sth为固定短语, 意为"旨在做某事", 该短语和a new regulation构成逻辑上的主动关系, 可以用现在分词短语aiming at...作后置定语。短语be aimed at doing sth与aim at doing sth意义相同, 因此也可以使用短语aimed at...作后置定语。故填aiming/aimed。
4.答案：studying
解析：句意为: 通过研究一些树, 研究人员发现晚上暴露在人工照明下的树木最多会比那些在正常的夜间环境下生长的树木提前7.5天发芽。介词后接动名词作宾语。故填studying。
5.答案：to be
6.答案：including
7.答案：surrounding
8.答案：correspondence
9.答案：a
10.答案：who/that
解析：句意为: 有许多运动员同样把攀岩作为一种体能挑战, 他们总是不断地往上爬。_____ also see rock climbing as a physical challenge修饰限制前面的sportsmen, 为限制性定语从句, 先行词指人, 关系词在从句中作主语。故填who/that。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：C
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线单词下文"Humans' life expectancy may have no limit.(人类的预期寿命可能没有限制。)"可知，Michael认为人类的预期寿命可能没有限制，结合画线单词所在句子"I think we are knocking at the door of immortality(我想我们正在敲响immortality之门)"可推知，Michael认为人类的预期寿命可能没有限制，即我们人类正在敲响永生之门。由此可知，画线词与living forever(永生)意思相近。故选C。
12.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的"'There is a great push so that people can live from 120 to 180 years,' he said. 'Some have suggested that there is no limit and that people could live to 300 or 500 years.'("这是一个巨大的推动，使人们可以活到120至180岁，"他说，"有些人认为没有极限，人可以活到300或500岁。")"可推知，Donald认为人类能活得更久是有可能的。故选D。
13.答案：B
解析：词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的"If you pass120, you know, could you be healthy enough to have good quality of life It's a big question, (如果你活得超过120岁，你知道，你能够健康到拥有良好的生活质量吗？这是个大问题)"可知，超过120岁时，能否健康到拥有良好的生活质量，这是个大问题，结合最后一句话"At present people who could get to that point are not in good health at all.(目前，能达到这一水平的人身体状况一点也不好。)"可知，get to that point指的是上文提到的"活到120岁"。故选B。
14.答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段内容"Do you want to live another 100 years or more Do you want to live never to die Some experts say, it will not be a dream one day. Modern technology will make it come true. Man will live more years beyond what is now seen as the natural limit of the human life.(你想再活100年还是更久？你想活到永远吗？一些专家说，总有一天这将不再是一个梦想。现代科技将使之成为现实。人类的寿命将比现在所认为的人类生命的自然极限长得多。)"及下文不同的人对此问题的不同反应可知，本文讨论的主要是人类在未来是否可以活得更久一点。由此可知，"Living longer or not(能否活得更长)"适合作为本文最佳标题。故选A。
三、七选五
答案：①-⑤FBGDE
解析：这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了预防SAD疾病的几种方法。
①根据下文"You'll feel depression every winter and begin to feel better each spring."(每年冬天你都会感到抑郁，而每年春天你会感觉好一些。)可知，此处讲述过敏性疾病的季节性的特点。选项F意为"与其他类型的抑郁症不同，随着春天的到来，它可能会有所改善"，与下文文意呼应。故选F。
②根据上文"Although any amount of outdoor light can help raise serotonin levels, getting light in the morning seems to offer the most benefit."(尽管任何量的户外光线都可以帮助提高血清素水平，但在早晨接受光线似乎是最有益的。)可知，此处讲述晒太阳是有所帮助的。选项B意为"如果天气允许，去散散步"，承接上文文意。故选B。
③根据下文"Exercise raises levels of serotonin and also increases levels of endorphins, which have been shown to fight depression."(运动可以提高血清素的水平，也可以提高内啡肽的水平，这已经被证明可以对抗抑郁。)可知，本段讲述锻炼可以抵御SAD，选项G意为"研究表明，增加日常锻炼可以抵抗SAD"，符合本段段意。故选G。
④根据上文"Scientists recommend one to take vitamin D 2,000 IU daily,"(科学家建议每天服用2000iu的维生素D，)可知，此处建议服用维D，选项D意为"但如果你很少暴露在阳光下，建议多吃点"，承接上文。故选D。
⑤根据上文"Year-end panic refers to the self-reproach(自责)and overall feeling of panic brought about by the approach of the year's end, often due to a poor financial year and pressure from work and family. "("年终恐慌"指的是临近年底时产生的一种自我责备和整体恐慌情绪，通常是由于财政状况不佳以及来自工作和家庭的压力所致。)，此处讲述压力也是致病原因之一，所以要避免压力。选项E意为"专家建议我们应该避免与他人竞争"，符合本段段意。故选E。Unit 9 Human Biology Lesson 3 Epidemics Explained——高二英语北师大版（2019）选择性必修第三册课时优化训练
一、填空题
1.Recent years ______(witness) a great improvement in the relations between the two countries.
2.Vacation helps us perform better at work, improves our sleep quality and protects against ______(depress).
3.______(spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age.
4.The performance reviewed China's ancient times, ______(show) the country's rich cultural heritage(文化遗产) and singing about the present, as well as the future that lies ahead.
5.I hate to go to the beach at sunny weekends and see rubbish bags lying on the sand, cigarette butts(烟头) ______(bury) in the sand, and soda cans floating in the ocean.
6.Traditionally, Chinese languages ______(classify) into seven groups, including Mandarin spoken in the north, central and western provinces.
7.A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than those ______ are not.
8.The teacher suggested that Tom go into the music storeroom to see if any of the instruments there appealed ______ him.
9.Would you please look ______ the paper for me and see if there are any obvious mistakes
10.This is a terrible disease that can result ______ total blindness, if left untreated.
二、阅读理解
Despite living beyond 80s, "super-agers" have the physical ability and cognitive(认知的) function of people much younger, which has long been puzzling scientists. But researchers may have discovered why super-agers are able to stay so mentally sharp: the neurons(神经元) in their entorhinal cortex, the part of the brain responsible for storing memories, are much larger than those of their average peers. Furthermore, these neurons show no sign of tau tangles(蛋白病), which limit the communication between neurons and are alarming signs of Alzheimer's disease. "To understand how and why people may be resistant to developing Alzheimer's disease, it's important to closely investigate the brains of super-agers," said lead researcher Tamar Gefen, an assistant professor of psychiatry and behavioural sciences at Northwestern University. To make the discovery, the researchers examined the brains of six super-agers, seven cognitively average elderly individuals, six young individuals and five individuals in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease.
"The remarkable observation that super-agers showed larger neurons than their younger peers may imply that large cells were present from birth and are maintained structurally throughout their lives. We conclude that larger neurons are a biological signature of the super-ageing."
The researchers concentrated their studies on the entorhinal cortex as it's one of the first locations to be affected by Alzheimer's disease. The neurons that form this part were found to be bigger in super-agers than in all of the other groups in the study, even those who were 20 to 30years younger. They were also found to be free from tau tangles.
"In this study, we show that in Alzheimer's disease, neuronal shrinking in the entorhinal cortex appears to be a characteristic marker of the disease," Ge fen said.
"We suspect this process is a function of tau tangle formation in the affected cells leading to poor memory abilities in older age. Identifying this contributing factor-and every contributing factor-is crucial to the early identification of Alzheimer's, monitoring its course and guiding treatment."
The researchers are now planning further studies to try and figure out why super-agers have such larger neurons.
11.What do researchers find about "super-agers"
A. They have weak cognitive ability.
B. They are likely to suffer Alzheimer's neurons.
C. Tau tangles can be commonly found in their brains.
D. Some of their brain neurons are larger than their peers'.
12.How did Tamar Gefen carry out his research
A. By observing the function of neuron formation.
B. By limiting the communication between neurons.
C. By examining the brains of multiple groups of people.
D. By tracking the large cells in super-agers' brains from birth.
13.What does the underlined word "shrinking" mean in Paragraph 5
A. Adapting. B. Becoming smaller.
C. Expanding. D. Growing flexible.
14.Which of the following is not yet identified by the researchers
A. Why super-agers are free from tau tangles.
B. What are typical signs of Alzheimer's disease.
C. Which part of the brain is in charge of memory storage.
D. Whether large neurons are connected with super-ageing.
三、七选五
Research shows that infectious diseases can be caused by pathogens(病原体) that enter the body through a wide range of methods. ①______.
Wash your hands
When it comes to preventing the spread of infectious diseases, proper hand hygiene(卫生) is vital. ②_______ and from there to your eyes and mouth where they can gain access to inside your body. Thus, washing your hands is one of the first steps to take to reduce the transfer of infectious agents.
Avoid touching your face, eyes, and nose
People tend to touch their face several times throughout the day. This is when the infectious agents in your hands gain access to your body. ③_______, the eyes, the nose and the mouth do allow.
Prepare and store food safely
Some pathogens can be transferred into your body via food (so called foodborne illnesses). ④______, it can multiply and cause illness. Thus, it is vital you prepare and store all food appropriately.
Travel wisely
Be aware of the risks of infection that increase when you travel. Some infections may be more common in places where you are traveling compared to where you live. Talk to your doctor about important vaccinations to get before traveling. ⑤_______.
A. If you are ever exposed to the pathogen
B. Pathogens are easily transferred(转移) to your skin
C. This allows you to be more prepared to the native pathogens
D. With some healthy habits, you can keep many illnesses at bay
E. Once food is consumed and the pathogen gains access to your body
F. Understanding infectious diseases helps you manage your risk factors
G. Where an undamaged skin does not allow transfer of pathogens into the body
答案以及解析
一、填空题
1.答案：have witnessed
解析：句意为: 近年来, 两国关系有了很大的改善。根据Recent years可知应用现在完成时, 且主语为复数。故填have witnessed。
2.答案：depression
解析：句意为: 假期有助于我们在工作中表现得更好、提高我们的睡眠质量并防止抑郁。介词against后需接名词作宾语, depress的名词为depression, 意为"抑郁, 沮丧", 为不可数名词, 符合语境。故填depression。
3.答案：Having spent
解析：句意为: 琳达在过去的一年在香港当交换生, 她看起来比同龄人更成熟。此处是非谓语动词作状语, spend与其逻辑主语Linda之间是主动关系, 用现在分词; 非谓语动词表示的动作先发生, 主句谓语的动作后发生, 所以用现在分词的完成式; 句子第一个单词首字母大写。故填Having spent。
4.答案：showing
解析：句意为: 该演出回顾了中国的古代, 展示了中国丰富的文化遗产, 歌颂了现在和不久的将来。根据语境可知, 设空处与下文的singing并列作状语, 应用现在分词形式。故填showing。
5.答案：buried
解析：句意为: 我讨厌在阳光明媚的周末去海滩, 讨厌看到垃圾袋在沙滩上、烟头埋在沙子里、汽水罐漂浮在海里。cigarette butts和bury之间是逻辑上的被动关系, 设空处为过去分词作宾语补足语。故填buried。
6.答案：are classified
解析：句意为: 传统上, 中国的语言分为七大类, 包括北方、中西部省份说的普通话。此处表示客观事实, 应用一般现在时, 且谓语动词和主语Chinese languages之间为被动关系, 应用被动语态, 主语为复数概念, 故谓语动词用复数形式。故填are classified。
7.答案：who
解析：句意为: 一项研究表明, 参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。those与the students是对应关系, 此处用关系代词who引导定语从句, 修饰先行词those。 故填who。
8.答案：to
解析：句意为: 老师建议汤姆到音乐储藏室去看看那里有没有什么吸引他的乐器。appeal to为固定短语, 意为"吸引"。故填to。
9.答案：through
解析：句意为: 你能帮我翻阅试卷, 看看有没有什么明显的错误吗 look through为固定短语, 意为"翻阅"。故填 through。
10.答案：in
解析：句意为: 这是一种可怕的疾病, 如果不加以治疗, 会导致完全失明。result in为固定短语, 意为"导致"。故填in。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句"But researchers may have discovered why super-agers are able to stay so mentally sharp: the neurons(神经元) in their entorhinal cortex, the part of the brain responsible for storing memories, are much larger than those of their average peers.(但研究人员可能已经发现了为什么超级老人能够保持如此敏锐的精神：他们的内嗅皮层(大脑中负责存储记忆的部分)中的神经元比他们的普通同龄人大得多)"可知，研究人员发现超级老人的神经元与同龄的普通老人的相比要大。故选D。
12.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句"To make the discovery, the researchers examined the brains of six super-agers, seven cognitively average elderly individuals, six young individuals and five individuals in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease.(为了证明这一发现，研究人员测验了6名超级老年人、7名认知能力一般的老年人、6名年轻人和5名阿尔茨海默病早期患者的大脑)"可知，这项研究是通过对多组不同人群的大脑进行测验来完成的。故选C。
13.答案：B
解析：词句猜测题。根据第三段第二句"The neurons that form this part were found to be bigger in super-agers than in all of the other groups in the study, even those who were 20 to 30years younger.(研究发现，超级老人组中形成这一部分的神经元比所有其他组中的神经元都大，即使是那些20到30岁的年轻人)"可知，其他组别包括阿尔兹海默症组接受测验的人员，其大脑中内嗅皮层神经元的大小都小于超级老人组的。结合划线词所在句"In this study, we show that in Alzheimer's disease, neuronal shrinking in the entorhinal cortex appears to be a characteristic marker of the disease(在这项研究中，我们发现在阿尔茨海默病中，内嗅皮层神经元萎缩似乎是该病的特征性标志)"可推知，阿尔兹海默症与内嗅皮层神经元的大小有关，超级老人的内嗅皮层神经元大，那么患阿尔兹海默症的人内嗅皮层神经元应该会越来越小，由此推出，划线词shrinking表达的是"越来越小"的意思。故选B。
14.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句"We suspect this process is a function of tau tangle formation in the affected cells leading to poor memory abilities in older age. (我们怀疑这一过程是受细胞中tau tangle这种物质形成的影响，导致老年人记忆能力下降)"可知，细胞中形成了tau tangle这种物质，这种物质使得内嗅皮层神经元萎缩，因而老年人记忆力下降，而超级老人的内嗅皮层神经元很大，显然其细胞中没有形成tau tangle这种物质，结合最后一句"The researchers are now planning further studies to try and figure out why super-agers have such larger neurons.(研究人员现在正在计划进一步的研究，试图弄清楚为什么超级老人有如此大的神经元)"可知，研究人员还没有弄清楚为什么超级老人的细胞中没有tau tangle这种物质。故选A。
三、七选五
答案：①-⑤ DBGEC
解析：本文是一篇应用文，文章讲述了传染病可能是由通过多种途径进入人体的病原体引起的。文章就此问题提出了一些解决方法和建议。
①根据前文"Research shows that infectious diseases can be caused by pathogens(病原体) that enter the body through a wide range of methods. (研究表明，传染病可能是由通过多种途径进入人体的病原体引起的。)"以及后文应对措施可知，设空处应该属于过渡句，引起下文。D选项"With some healthy habits, you can keep many illnesses at bay.(有了一些健康的习惯，你可以远离许多疾病。)"中的healthy habits与前文的提出的问题相对应，同时引出下文的具体措施。故选D。
②根据本段的段旨"Wash your hands(洗手)"可知，第一个方法是洗手。同时根据后文"and from there to your eyes and mouth where they can gain access to inside your body. (从那里到你的眼睛和嘴巴，它们可以进入你的身体。)"可知，病毒会从皮肤那里转移到眼睛和嘴巴处然后进入到身体里。此处的there指代前文的皮肤。B选项"Pathogens are easily transferred(转移) to your skin(病原体很容易转移到皮肤上)"中强调病毒很容易转移到皮肤上，由此与下文的病毒进入嘴巴和眼睛，在进入到身体里构成承接关系，由此与本段主题"洗手"呼应。故选B。
③根据后文"the eyes, the nose and the mouth do allow.(但眼睛、鼻子和嘴巴允许。)"可知，眼睛、鼻子和嘴巴允许病原体进入身体，前文强调的是完好的皮肤是不允许病原体进入皮肤的。G选项"Where an undamaged skin does not allow transfer of pathogens into the body(没有损伤的皮肤不允许病原体进入身体，)"符合语境。故选G。
④根据前文"Some pathogens can be transferred into your body via food (so called foodborne illnesses).(一些病原体可以通过食物进入你的身体(所谓的食源性疾病)。)"可知，设空处应该承接前文强调病原体很容易从食物进入到身体，由此会造成一定的危害。E选项"Once food is consumed and the pathogen gains access to your body(一旦食物被摄入，病原体就会进入你的身体)"符合语境，承接前文。故选E。
⑤根据前文"Talk to your doctor about important vaccinations to get before traveling.(和你的医生谈谈旅行前需要接种的重要疫苗。)"可知，在旅行前应该和医生谈谈旅行前需要接种的重要疫苗，后文应该强调这种做法的好处。C选项中"This allows you to be more prepared to the native pathogens.(这让你对原生病原体更有准备。)"中的this指代前文的"在旅行前应该和医生谈谈旅行前需要接种的重要疫苗"的情况，带来的好处是对原生病原体更有准备。故选C。Unit 9 Human Biology Lesson 1 To Clone or Not to Clone ——高二英语北师大版（2019）选择性必修第三册课时优化训练
一、填空题
1.He has been an active ______(participate) in the discussion.
2.The scientists are able to ______(accurate) calculate when the spaceship will reach the moon.
3.A good coach always stays calm in a game because anger can lead to ______(make) wrong strategies.
4.Due to his high ______(capable), he was appointed to deal with the conflict between the two countries.
5.In all his life, Dickens wrote a large number of excellent novels, some of which ______ still popular.
6.Some people say such old music isn't necessary or suitable ______ modern people, but I don't think so.
7.Zhang Zhongjing has been honoured ______ a master doctor since the Eastern Han Dynasty.
8.She devoted all her life _________ medical work for Chinese women and children.
9.Does he suffer _________ any kind of mental disability
10.The program is capable _________ calculating our budget for the year.
二、阅读理解
Cool Inventions
For Light Sleepers
Millions of people have trouble falling asleep each night, which is why LightSleeper was created.
Developed in the United Kingdom, LightSleeper's makers say it can help a person fall asleep and also help a person fall back to sleep after waking up in the middle of the night.
LightSleeper works by projecting(投射) a light onto the ceiling while the person is lying down. The idea is to watch the light, because the light moving in a circle has a relaxing effect.
One of the advantages of the product is that it won't disturb other people in the room. The product can be easily moved and will switch itself off after 30 minutes to save power.
Stop the Snoring(打鼾)
Here's a new product designed to slow down the frequency and level of your snoring. The Snore Stopper has a sensitive instrument that will detect when you're snoring. Once it does that, it will send a very mild electronic signal to your wrist. This consequently changes your sleeping position to stop you from snoring. The Snore Stopper won't cause any damage to your body.
Get Your True Colors
Photoshop features a pen that will copy the color settings of what you are monitoring on screen to use as a color in your program. Now an offline product allows you to pick a color when not using the computer software.
The Color Picker is a concept pen. After placing the pen against an object, the user just presses the scan button. Color sensors(感应器) inside the pen send information to a box, which then mixes red, green and blue to produce the desired ink color.
Keep It Fresh
More high technology products are showing up in the kitchen. A new Bagel dome(圆顶形物) advertises that it will keep your baked goods fresher for longer periods of time. The product, which is able to remove air, works for bread rolls, cakes and other perishables. To use it, you just push a button at the top.
11.How can LightSleeper help a person fall asleep
A. Its light makes people feel calm. B. It doesn't make any noise.
C. It is fixed on the ceiling. D. Its light moves fast.
12.What do we know about the Snore Stopper
A. It will cause slight damage to a person's body.
B. It will wake a person up once he starts snoring.
C. It can make sure a person doesn't snore all night.
D. It can make a person snore less by changing his sleeping position.
13.The Color Picker will probably be used while you're ________.
A. using the computer B. drawing pictures
C. collecting information D. designing a program
三、七选五
Litterati is a company that's trying to make the world a cleaner place.①__ ___Shared online, this information contributes to building a global database of "litter maps," which can influence policy and packaging design.
Jeff Kirschner is the founder and CEO of Litterati. He came up with the idea while walking in a forest with his then-four-year-old daughter. ②______ Despite being young, she expressed distress(悲痛) at the container being somewhere that it wasn't supposed to be. This awareness stays with us as adults. The litter problem is so huge: what's an individual person supposed to do
③______ Uploading pictures to an app shows users that they're not the only ones picking up litter from public places and that others are cleaning the planet, too. And the data accumulates rapidly. Kirschner said," ④___ ___ This information includes the objects, materials, brands and their location."
kirschner describes these data-driven maps as being like a fingerprint. "That fingerprint provides both the source of the problem and the path to the solution." ⑤_____In San Francisco ,the Litterati app was able to map more than 5,000 pieces of trash(垃圾) in order to determine how much was generated by cigarettes specifically. Using this information the city successfully challenged a lawsuit(诉讼) by tobacco companies and doubled an existing cigarette sales tax. In the Netherlands, Litterati's data helped push Dutch brand Anta Flu to repackage its hard candies in waxed paper rather than plastic.
A. She noticed a plastic container in a river.
B. That's where Kirschner thinks an app can help.
C. However, these maps turned out to be a failure.
D. We haven't collected enough amount of data for our litter maps.
E. Our database now contains over 8 million pieces, growing at about 20,000 per day.
F. There are several examples of how Litterati's data has already provided a path to a solution.
G. It has created an app people can use to upload information about the litter they collect outside.
答案以及解析
一、填空题
1.答案：participant
解析：句意为: 他一直是讨论的积极参与者。设空处作表语, 构成"主系表"结构, 不定冠词an后接单数名词。故填participant。
2.答案：accurately
解析：句意为: 科学家们能准确地计算出宇宙飞船将于什么时间到达月球。calculate为动词, 此处需用副词accurately(准确地)修饰动词。 故填accurately。
3.答案：making
解析：句意为: 一个好的教练在比赛中总是保持冷静, 因为愤怒会导致制订出错误的策略。lead to意为"导致", to为介词, 后接动名词形式。故填making。
4.答案：capability
解析：句意为: 由于能力强, 他被任命去处理两国之间的冲突。due to意为"由于, 因为", to为介词, 故此处需用capable的名词形式capability。 故填capability。
5.答案：are
解析：句意为: 狄更斯一生写了很多优秀的小说, 其中的一些现在仍然很受欢迎。根据语境和still可知, 此处描述客观事实, 应用一般现在时, 从句主语some of which是复数概念, 此处作谓语。故填are。
6.答案：for
解析：句意为: 一些人说, 这样古老的音乐没必要也不适合给现代人听, 但我不这么认为。be suitable for...为固定搭配, 意为"适合......"。故填for。
7.答案：as
解析：句意为: 自东汉以来, 张仲景一直被尊为医术大师。be honoured as为固定搭配, 意为"被尊为"。 故填as。
8.答案：to
9.答案：from
10.答案：of
二、阅读理解
11.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据"The idea is to watch the light, because the light moving in a circle has a relaxing effect."(想法就是观察光线，因为光线在圆圈中移动有一种令人放松的效果。)可知，LightSleeper的光线能够使人感到放松，感到平静。故选A。
12.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据"This consequently changes your sleeping position to stop you from snoring."(这就改变了你的睡姿，从而阻止你打鼾。)可知，Snore Stopper可以通过改变一个人的睡姿而减少并阻止其打鼾。故选D。
13.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据"Color sensors(感应器) inside the pen send information to a box, which then mixes red, green and blue to produce the desired ink color."(钢笔内的颜色传感器将信息发送到一个盒子，然后盒子将红色、绿色和蓝色混合，产生所需的墨水颜色。)可推知，当人们需要绘画用的彩色墨水时，可能会使用Color Picker。故选B。
三、七选五
答案：①-⑤ GABEF
解析：这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了Jeff Kirschner创造了一款应用程序致力于让世界变得更清洁。
①根据上文"Litterati is a company that's trying to make the world a cleaner place.( Litterati是一家致力于让世界变得更清洁的公司。)"和下文"Shared online, this information contributes to building a global database of "litter maps," which can influence policy and packaging design.(通过在网上共享，这些信息有助于建立一个全球"垃圾地图"数据库，这可能会影响政策和包装设计。)"可知，空处承上启下，介绍了人们上传数据的方法是用一款应用程序，G项中的"It"指代上文的"Litterati"这个公司。G项：It has created an app people can use to upload information about the litter they collect outside.(该公司开发了一款应用程序，人们可以用它上传他们在室外收集的垃圾信息。)符合语境。故选G。
②根据上文"He came up with the idea while walking in a forest with his then-four-year-old daughter. (他和当时4岁的女儿在森林里散步时想到了这个主意。)"和下文"Despite being young, she expressed distress (悲痛) at the container being somewhere that it wasn't supposed to be. (尽管她很年轻，但她对容器出现在不应该出现的地方表示了忧虑。)"可知，空处承上启下，A项中的"she"指代上文中出现的"daughter"，"a plastic container"和下文中的"the container"对应。A项：She noticed a plastic container in a river.(她注意到河里有一个塑料容器。)符合语境。故选A。
③根据上文"The litter problem is so huge: what's an individual person supposed to do (垃圾问题如此严重:每个人应该怎么做？)"可知，此处承接上文，提出解决办法。再结合下文"Uploading pictures to an app shows users that they're not the only ones picking up litter from public places and that others are cleaning the planet, too. (上传图片到应用程序向用户表明，他们不是唯一在公共场所捡垃圾的人，其他人也在清洁地球。)"可知，空处表明的解决方法是通过使用应用程序进行帮助。B项：That's where Kirschner thinks an app can help.(这就是Kirschner认为一款应用程序可以提供帮助的地方。)符合语境。故选B。
④根据上文"And the data accumulates rapidly.(而且数据积累得很快。)"可知，空处解释说明这些数据是以什么样的速度增长的。E项：Our database now contains over 8 million pieces, growing at about 20,000 per day.(我们的数据库现在包含了超过800万份数据，并以每天2万份的速度增长。)符合语境。故选E。
⑤根据下文的"In San Francisco ,the Litterati app was able to map more than 5,000 pieces of trash in order to determine how much was generated by cigarettes specifically. Using this information the city successfully challenged a lawsuit by tobacco companies and doubled an existing cigarette sales tax. In the Netherlands, Litterati's data helped push Dutch brand Anta Flu to repackage its hard candies in waxed paper rather than plastic.(在旧金山，Litterati应用程序能够绘制5000多块垃圾的地图，以确定香烟具体产生了多少垃圾。利用这些信息，该市成功地挑战了烟草公司的诉讼，并将现有的香烟销售税提高了一倍。在荷兰，Litterati的数据帮助推动荷兰品牌安塔流感(Anta Flu)用蜡纸而不是塑料重新包装硬质糖果。)"几个具体例子可知，空处总述有几个例子表明Litterati的数据已经为解决方案提供了路径。F项：There are several examples of how Litterati's data has already provided a path to a solution.(有几个例子表明Litterati的数据已经为解决方案提供了路径。)符合语境。故选F。

展开更多......

收起↑