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(共62张PPT)
阅读-语法详解 二次开发
2024届浙江省1月首考
Passage A
语篇类型：应用文
主题语境：
人与社会--社会服务于人际沟通
语篇导读：
本人介绍了在Tall Stacks festival 音乐节上，由马克吐温著名小说Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure 改变而成的音乐剧的演员信息和相关内容。
Tom Sawyer Play Is an Adventure
A 35-minute hand-clapping, foot-stomping musical version of a Mark Twain favorite returns with this Tall Stacks festival.
“Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure” has all the good stuff, including the fence painting, the graveyard, the island and the cave. It is adapted by Joe McDonough, with music by David Kisor. That’s the local stage writing team that creates many of the Children’s Theatre of Cincinnati’s original musicals, along with the holiday family musicals at Ensemble Theatre.
This year Nathan Turner of Burlington is Tom Sawyer, and Robbie McMath of Fort Mitchell is Huck Finn.
Turner, a 10th-grader at School for Creative and Performing Arts, is a familiar presence on Cincinnati’s stages. He is a star actor of Children’s Theatre, having played leading roles in “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” and “The Wizard of Oz.” and is fresh from Jersey Production “Ragtime.”
McMath is a junior at Beechwood High School. He was in the cast of “Tom Sawyer” when it was first performed and is a Children’s Theatre regular, with five shows to his credit. This summer he attended Kentucky’s Governor’s School for the Arts in Musical Theatre.
Note to teachers: Children’s Theatre has a study guide demonstrating how math and science can be taught through “Tom Sawyer.” For downloadable lessons, visit the official website of Children’s Theatre.
21. Who wrote the music for “Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure”
A. David Kisor. B. Joe McDonough.
C. Nathan Turner. D. Robbie McMath.
“Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure” has all the good stuff, including the fence painting, the graveyard, the island and the cave. It is adapted by Joe McDonough, with music by David Kisor. That’s the local stage writing team that creates many of the Children’s Theatre of Cincinnati’s original musicals, along with the holiday family musicals at Ensemble Theatre.
22. What can we learn about the two actors
A. They study in the same school. B. They worked together in “Ragtime”.
C. They are experienced on stage. D. They became friends ten years ago.
This year Nathan Turner of Burlington is Tom Sawyer, and Robbie McMath of Fort Mitchell is Huck Finn.
Turner, a 10th-grader at School for Creative and Performing Arts, is a familiar presence on Cincinnati’s stages. He is a star actor of Children’s Theatre,
having played leading roles in “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” and “The Wizard of Oz.” and is fresh from Jersey Production “Ragtime.”
McMath is a junior at Beechwood High School. He was in the cast of “Tom Sawyer” when it was first performed and is a Children’s Theatre regular,
with five shows to his credit. This summer he attended Kentucky’s Governor’s School for the Arts in Musical Theatre.
推理判断题：通过 “play leading role in” “with five shows ”可以推出两位演员经验丰富。即“experienced”
23. What does Children’s Theatre provide for teachers
A. Research funding. B. Training opportunities.
C. Technical support. D. Educational resources.
Note to teachers: Children’s Theatre has a study guide demonstrating how math and science can be taught through “Tom Sawyer.” For downloadable lessons, visit the official website of Children’s Theatre.
推理判断题：通过 “have a study guide”得知，其对数学和科学的教授有指导意义，所以是教育资源
核心词汇
1.A 35-minute hand-clapping, foot-stomping musical version
2. be adapted by
3. create original musicals
4. a familiar presence on one’s stages
5. a star actor of
6. play leading roles in
7. be in the cast of
8. a Children’s Theatre regular
9. to one’s credit
10. have a study guide
11. visit the official website of
是一部35分钟精彩的音乐剧
由…改编
原创音乐
在……舞台上的常客
明星演员
起主导作用
是……的一名演员
儿童剧的常客
值得称赞
研究
访问官方网站
Passage B
语篇类型：记叙文
主题语境：
人与社会之社会进步与人类文明
语篇导读：
本文讲述了作者与街头电话亭之间的故事，以及电话亭随着时代的发展成为免费书店。
When was the last time you used a telephone box I mean to make an actual phone call—not to shelter from the rain. Ages ago, right The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was ... 2006. I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London. Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more “young professional”.
As I rushed outdoors to empty the wastepaper baskets, the door swung shut behind me. Suddenly I was locked outside. My mobile phone was inside, but luckily there was a telephone box across the street. So, I called Directory Assistance, got put through to our landlady’s managing agent, and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time to get bad in before the actors arrived.
As it has been many years since I last used one, I should hardly be surprised that there are no longer any public telephones near my house. The last one standing has just been turned into a “mini community library”: any passer-by can “borrow” a book from its shelves, and return it later, or replace it with another title from their own collection.
For a few months after the “library” opened, I didn’t bother taking a look, as I had assumed that it would be stuffed full of cheesy love stories. Then I noticed folk conducting spring cleans dropping boxes of voluminous books on various subjects there. And these books were free. This unbeatable price-point encouraged me to experiment with dozens of titles that I would never normally consider buying. And I’ve discovered some great books!
If I ever get trapped outside my house again, my local telephone box will, sadly, no longer be able to connect me with my keys. But it can certainly keep me entertained while I wait for my wife to rescue me.
P1:问句开头，介绍第一次使用公共电话亭的背景。
P2:具体描述在2006年第一次使用公共电话亭的过程。
P3: 发现公共电话亭已变成了迷你社区图书馆。
P4:讲述我从迷你图书馆借书的经过。
P5:讲述再次忘记钥匙，电话亭仍可栖身，依然解我燃眉之急。
24. What does the word “it” underlined in the first paragraph refer to
A. The play. B. The shared house.
C. The sofa. D. The telephone box.
When was the last time you used a telephone box I mean to make an actual phone call—not to shelter from the rain. Ages ago, right The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was ... 2006. I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London. Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more “young professional”.
指示代词：通过语意得知是收拾屋子，所以it指代上文出现的名词shared house.
25. Why did the author use the telephone box in 2006
A. To place an urgent call. B. To put up a notice.
C. To shelter from the rain. D. To hold an audition.
When was the last time you used a telephone box I mean to make an actual phone call—not to shelter from the rain. Ages ago, right The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was ... 2006. I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London. Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more “young professional”.
As I rushed outdoors to empty the wastepaper baskets, the door swung shut behind me. Suddenly I was locked outside. My mobile phone was inside, but luckily there was
a telephone box across the street. So, I called Directory Assistance, got put through to our landlady’s managing agent, and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time to get bad in before the actors arrived.
定位法： 由 “2006”定位到第一段，根据篇章结构，前两段为介绍作者使用公用电话亭的经过，所以查找到第二段。
26. What do we know about the “mini community library”
A. It provides phone service for free. B. Anyone can contribute to its collection.
C. It is popular among young readers. D. Books must be returned within a month.
As it has been many years since I last used one, I should hardly be surprised that there are no longer any public telephones near my house. The last one standing has just been turned into a “mini community library”: any passer-by can “borrow” a book from its shelves, and return it later, or replace it with another title from their own collection.
通过定位，找到“mini community library”观察冒号后面句意。replace= contribute to
27. Why did the author start to use the “library”
A. He wanted to borrow some love stories. B. He was encouraged by a close neighbour.
C. He found there were excellent free books. D. He thought it was an ideal place for reading.
For a few months after the “library” opened, I didn’t bother taking a look, as I had assumed that it would be stuffed full of cheesy love stories. Then I noticed folk conducting spring cleans dropping boxes of voluminous books on various subjects there. And these books were free. This unbeatable price-point encouraged me to experiment with dozens of titles that I would never normally consider buying. And I’ve discovered some great books!
推理判断题：根据关键词“free”得知免费。This= free price 这就是鼓励我读不同于以往话题的书籍的原因。
重要词汇
1.a telephone box
2.for its intended purpose
3. in my tiny old shared house
4. put through to
5. bother doing sth.
6. full of cheesy love stories
7. dozens of
8. get trapped outside my house
9. keep sb. entertained
10. unbeatable price-point
（公众）电话亭
因为它的潜在目的
在我又小又旧的合租房里。联系上某人
对做某事打扰或者苦恼
充满酸腐的爱情故事
数打儿
被困在室外
让某人娱乐
不可战胜的价格（即免费）
长难句分析
1. As it has been many years since I last used one, I should hardly be surprised that there are no longer any public telephones near my house.
主从复合句
句子主干： I should hardly be surprised that…
句子翻译： 因为自从我上次用电话亭，几年已经过去了。所以，我对于我家周围附近不再有公共电话亭不应该感到惊讶。
As引导原因状语从句
since引导的时间状语从句
that引导的宾语从句
Passage C
语篇类型：议论文
主题语境：人与自然——
话题：为解决雹暴问题而进行的人工降雨并没有得到广泛认可。
On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm (雹暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary’ southern suburbs. As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones. But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.
Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years. “Basically, the provincial government is letting the insurance, companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area from hail,” Mr. Stienwand says, “but they’re increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.”
The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss, a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc. of Fargo, North Dakota. “We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air, so we cannot be causing drought.” Dr. Krauss says. “In fact, we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground.”
One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. “In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Doswell says. “Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.”
Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies, Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.
P1-2: 为避免雹暴而采取的人工降雨遭到了下风地区人们的反对--人工降雨可能为下风地区造成干旱。
P3：一位负责人工降雨的专家认为人工降雨会增加下风地区的湿度。
P4: 一位研究科学家 Chuck Doswell对人工降雨的安全性提出质疑。
P5:尽管人们对人工降雨的安全性存疑，但它仍会继续下去 。
28. What does the project aim to do
A. Conserve moisture in the soil.
B. Prevent the formation of hailstones.
C. Forecast disastrous hailstorms.
D. Investigate chemical use in farming.
同义替换：prevent the formation of hailstones≈to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones
On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm (雹暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary’ southern suburbs. As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones. But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.
29. Who are opposed to the project
A. Farmers in east-central Alberta. B. Managers of insurance companies.
C. Provincial government officials. D. Residents of Calgary and Edmonton,
On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm (雹暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary’ southern suburbs. As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones. But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.
worry 与 be opposed to都是贬义态度词
30. Why does Dr. Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999
A. To compare different kinds of seeding methods.
B. To illustrate the development of big hailstorms.
C. To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding.
D. To show the link between storms and moisture.
One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. “In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Doswell says. “Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.”
同义替换a possible danger≈ doubter about the safety
31. What can we infer from the last paragraph
A. Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right.
B. Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada.
C. The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared.
D. Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist.
Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.
同义替换continue to exist≈ proceed
重要词汇
insurance companies
downwind
cloud seeding
address public meetings
physicist
in practice
7. due to the lack of scientific proof
保险公司
在下风处
人工降雨
在公开会议上发言
物理学家
实际上
由于缺乏科学证据
1.Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain___________ they can grow into dangerous hailstones.
2.__________(basic), the provincial government is letting the insurance, companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area from hail
3. Due to the lack of scientific proof ____________(concern) their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies.
Basically
before
语法填空
concerning
Passage D
语篇类型：议论文
主题语境：人与社会
语篇导读：儿童棉花糖实验和结果，以及该实验对成年人的指导意义
The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. Then they were left alone in the room. Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connection between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success.
As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day. We’re not tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets - all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.
We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value - a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.
A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information. But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment. We are now ceaselessly bombarded (轰炸) with new information. Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively.
P1:背景信息-棉花糖实验过程及结果(命题1)
P2:提出问题-作为成年人的我们每天也会面对“棉花糖实验”
P3:分析问题-为什么我们会受到各种诱惑(命题2)
P4:解决问题-面对各种信息时我们应该怎么做(命题3)
最佳标题(命题4)
The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. Then they were left alone in the room. Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connection between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success.
12．What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel’s test
A．Take an examination alone. B．Show respect for the researchers.
C．Share their treats with others. D．Delay eating for fifteen minutes.
同义替换：wait for 15minutes before eating=delay eating for fifteen minutes
Tips: 圈画题干中的关键词，并到原文中定位，仔细研究信息句后，逐一选项比对，寻找同义替换
We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value - a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.
13.According to paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between______.
A．the calorie-poor world and our good appetites
B．the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs
C．the rich food supply and our unchanged brains
D．the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit
同义替换：the same brains=unchanged brains
Tips: 注意原文中转折词之后的内容，往往是信息句所在
A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information. But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment. We are now ceaselessly bombarded (轰炸) with new information. Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively.
14．What does the author suggest readers do
A．Absorb new information readily.
B．Be selective information consumers.
C．Use diverse information sources.
D．Protect the information environment.
同义替换：be more thoughtful about our information consumption
=be selective information consumers
15．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Eat Less, Read More
B．The Bitter Truth about Early Humans
C．The Later, the Better
D．The Marshmallow Test for Grownup
P1:背景信息-儿童棉花糖实验过程及结果
P2:提出问题-作为成年人的我们每天也会面对“棉花糖实验”
P3:分析问题-为什么我们会受到各种诱惑
P4:解决问题-面对各种信息时我们应该怎么做
分析段落大意可知，本文从儿童棉花糖实验出发，指出成年人每天也面对棉花糖实验，分析原因后提出了建议-即我们在面对爆炸般信息时该怎么做
Tips:事物说明文或议论文最佳标题最好包含文章中反复出现的关键词
重要词汇
1.conduct a test
2.nursery school
3.sugary treat
4.a version of…
5.preschooler
6.develop a response mechanism
7.reshape
8.dramatically reduce
9.mismatch
10.struggle to resist tempting foods
11.be at work
12.prize new information
进行测试
幼儿园
糖果奖励
一个版本
学龄前儿童
产生响应机制
重塑
大幅减少
不匹配
努力抗拒诱人的食物
在起作用
珍视新信息
重要词汇
13.global connectivity
14.information consumption
15.resist the temptation
16.nutritional needs
17.absorb new information readily
18.selective information consumers
19.diverse information sources
20.the bitter truth
21.ceaselessly
22.formative environment
23.information-poor
全球互联互通
信息获取
抵制诱惑
营养需求
随时接受新信息
选择性信息获取者
多样化的信息来源
苦涩的真相
不停地
不断形成的环境
信息贫乏
1.We’re not tempted (诱惑)by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets-all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.
翻译：我们不是被含糖的食物所诱惑，而是被我们的电脑、手机和平板电脑所诱惑——所有将我们连接到全球传递系统的设备，以获取各种类型的信息，这些信息对我们的作用就像棉花糖对学龄前儿童的作用一样。
长难句分析
that引导定语从句，修饰devices
主干:We’re not tempted by sugary treats, but by…
that引导定语从句，修饰information
What引导宾语从句，做do的宾语
2. We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value - a feeling of reward and satisfaction.
翻译：我们之所以会受到含糖食物的诱惑，是因为我们的祖先生活在一个热量匮乏的世界，我们的大脑对这些食物形成了一种反应机制，这种机制反映了这些食物的价值--一种奖励和满足感。
长难句分析
原因状语从句
主干： We are tempted by sugary treats
定语从句，修饰先行词a response mechanism
3. But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.
长难句分析
As引导时间状语从句
Doing做结果状语
省略了关系词 的定语从句，修饰brains
Why引导宾语从句，做介词Of的宾语
That引导定语从句，修饰foods
We know为插入语
3. But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.
翻译：但是，随着我们重塑了我们周围的世界，大大减少了获取卡路里所需要的代价和努力，我们仍然拥有与数千年前相同的大脑，而这种不匹配是我们这么多人努力抵制我们知道不应该吃的诱人食物的核心原因。
长难句分析
主干:we have brains and this mismatch is at the heart
1. We’re not tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets - all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.
翻译：两张菜单对减少红肉的购买都是有效的，但有趣的是，标着对环境影响大的标签更有效，参与者中有百分之二十三的人（受其影响）做了一个更环保的抉择，然而，标着对环境影响小的菜单只让百分之十的人改变了选择。
长难句分析
同位语
主干： Both menus were effective in reducing the orders for red meat，but…,the high-impact labels were far more effective
While “然而”前后对比
listing… 为动名词短语做后置定语
定语从句，修饰先行词devices
语法填空
1.But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort ___________(involve) in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago.
2.Our formative environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that ________(prize) new information. But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment. We are now ceaselessly
3. We’re not tempted (诱惑)by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets-all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us ____ marshmallows do to preschoolers.
involved
prized
what
七选五
语篇类型：说明文
主题语境：人与社会
介绍网上学习的利与弊，以及提高学习效率的解决方案。
In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience. ____36____ But are all online courses created equal How can you be sure that digital learning is right for you ____37____ We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online courses.
The most obvious advantages of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. ____38____ “I think a point that many people lose sight of is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule,” says graduate student Amanda Bindman. Before choosing to study online, consider whether you’re a self-motivated learner and if the material seems interesting enough to keep you going.
The tip that comes up most often is simple: build online courses into your weekly schedule, just like what you would do with in-person courses. ____39____ He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. It is so easy to let an online course slide, but your grades will suffer as a result. Be sure to schedule set times to watch your lectures, read materials and contribute to online discussion boards.
____40____ A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this problem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in-person meetings with your professor to discuss course concepts.
网上学习的发展及可能存在的问题；
问题1：学习无法保证按时完成及解决方案；
问题2：网上学习时间安排不当及解决方案；
问题3：网上学习缺乏互动及解决方案；
通读全文，分析文章结构，了解主题
In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience. ____36____ But are all online courses created equal How can you be sure that digital learning is right for you ____37____ We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online courses.
A. But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines.
B. Your motivation should be your main concern.
C. Do you know that online courses are also part of your education
D. Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online.
E. The chief complaint about online courses is that they lack human interaction.
F. If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade
G. A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses.
段中设空，过渡句。
线索一：下句中的转折词but；
线索二：顺承前句说明网上学习的繁荣；
In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience. ____36____ But are all online courses created equal How can you be sure that digital learning is right for you ____37____ We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online courses.
A. But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines.
B. Your motivation should be your main concern.
C. Do you know that online courses are also part of your education
D. Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online.
E. The chief complaint about online courses is that they lack human interaction.
F. If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade
G. A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses.
段中设空，过渡句。
线索一：前句抛出问题；
线索二：下句中的interview提出具体做法；
线索三：句式格式一致，均为问句句式；
A. But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines.
B. Your motivation should be your main concern.
C. Do you know that online courses are also part of your education
D. Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online.
E. The chief complaint about online courses is that they lack human interaction.
F. If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade
G. A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses.
段中设空，承上启下。
线索一：前句指出优势；
线索二：下文提出解决问题的方案；
线索三：此处为转折，fall behind schedule替换deadline；
The most obvious advantages of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. ____38____ “I think a point that many people lose sight of is how easy it
can be to fall behind schedule,” says graduate student Amanda Bindman.
Before choosing to study online, consider whether you’re a self-motivated
learner and if the material seems interesting enough to keep you going.
The tip that comes up most often is simple: build online courses into your weekly schedule, just like what you would do with in-person courses. ____39____ He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. It is so easy to let an online course slide, but your grades will suffer as a result. Be sure to schedule set times to watch your lectures, read materials and contribute to online discussion boards.
段中设空，过渡句。
线索一：下句出现指代词He；
线索二：He替换Professor Alex Davidson ；
A. But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines.
B. Your motivation should be your main concern.
C. Do you know that online courses are also part of your education
D. Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online.
E. The chief complaint about online courses is that they lack human interaction.
F. If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade
G. A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses.
A. But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines.
B. Your motivation should be your main concern.
C. Do you know that online courses are also part of your education
D. Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online.
E. The chief complaint about online courses is that they lack human interaction.
F. If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade
G. A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses.
____40____ A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this problem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in-person meetings with your professor to discuss course concepts.
段首设空，主旨句。
线索一：interaction替换connection；
重要词汇
online courses
study anywhere and anytime
lose sight of
a self-motivated learner
in-person course
build online course into
contribute to online discussion boards
stay on track
course concept
在线课程
随时随地学习
看不见
一个自我激励的学习者
面对面课程
将在线课程融入
参与在线讨论
保持专注
课程概念
语法填空
1. I think a point that many people lose sight of is _________ easy it can be to fall behind schedule.
2. Before _____________(choose) to study online, consider whether you’re a self-motivated learner and if the material seems interesting enough to keep you going.
3. Jessica Pink, ________ undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other to stay on track.
how
choosing
an
完型
语篇类型：记叙文
主题语境：人与社会——
在中国西北部沿着塔克拉玛干沙漠 的边缘坐了20个小时的火车，我感受到了一种谦逊和教育，最重要的是，以一种开放的心态与世人交流会获得更多成长。
While taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in the northwestern China, I had the kind of humbling, educational, and above all else, wonderful 41 with a local that all travelers long for. A young Chinese man 42 me on the train. My 43 friend spoke virtually no English, so I happily took the 44 to practice my Chinese.
Over several hours he would tell me about how he had 45 a two-year professional school to quickly find a job 46 highways in order to help support his family. Perhaps most 47 , however, was the fact that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor. Without batting an eye he would 48 a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American 49 as a whole. “And what do you all learn about Russian authors ” I 50 him asking at one point.
It would have been easy to 51 my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home. But this highly informed, 52 , and admirable person prevented me doing so. In the course of a couple of hours, he 53 me just how much one can gain from 54 with an open mind, and a willingness to
55 with locals from all walks of life.
Para 2: 繁重的体力劳动未阻止探索更广阔世界的心灵，见多识广、自学成才。
Para 1：长达20小时的塔克拉玛干沙漠火车旅行中与当地人的奇妙邂逅为后文做铺垫。
Para 3: 开放的心态和与各行各业的当地人接触的意愿中获益斐然。
41 A. experient B. encounter C. competition D. appointment
首段段中设空，为下文做好铺垫
While taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in the northwestern China, I had the kind of humbling, educational, and above all else, wonderful 41 with a local that all travelers long for.
n.遇到;遇见
1. have the kind of encounter with a local 与当地人有一种邂逅
encounter with 与......邂逅
n. 本地人；当地居民
n.约定;约会
A young Chinese man 42 me on the train. My 43 friend spoke virtually no English, so I happily took the 44 to practice my Chinese.
上下文语境
42 A. treated B. saved C. lectured D. approached
43 A. true B. so-called C. new D. long-lost
44 A. chance B. advice C. trouble D. right
vt.（在距离或时间上）靠近，接近
take the chance to do...... 抓住机会 ; 把握机会
Over several hours he would tell me about how he had 45 a two-year professional school to quickly find a job 46 highways in order to help support his family.
45 A. visited B. financed C. attended D. founded
46 A. building B. sweeping C. checking D. guarding
vt.去（学校、教堂等）；上（学）；出席，参加
attend a school : 上学
support one’s family : 养育家庭
v-ing 做后置定语
下文语境：this highway builder
47 A. typica B. obvious C. natura D. remarkable
48 A. pushed B. quote C. copy D. download
Perhaps most 47 , however, was the fact that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor. Without batting an eye he would 48 a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American 49 as a whole.
倒装句
同位语从句；评价这个事实
49 A. writers B. historians C. workers D. students
没有眨眼睛
adj.非凡的;显著的;引人注目的;奇异的
vt.引用、引述
上下文语境
“And what do you all learn about Russian authors ” I 50 him asking at one point.
50 A. anticipate B.imagine C. recall D. catch
v.回忆起；回想起
recall doing sth 回忆起做过的事情
年轻人除了对美国作家的了解之外，还询问了作者对俄罗斯作家的了解情况，表现了他的见多识广。
It would have been easy to 51 my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home. But this highly informed, 52 , and admirable person prevented me doing so.
51 A. look into B. rely on C. go over D.deal with
52 A. well-behaved B. multi-skilled C. warm-hearted D. self-educated
假设，猜想
v.相信、信赖
would have done 虚拟语气，表示对结果的遗憾
句意：原本很容易相信我对这位从未离家超过几百英里的高速公路建设者的猜想。
上下文语境:自学成才
In the course of a couple of hours, he 53 me just how much one can gain from 54 with an open mind, and a willingness to
55 with locals from all walks of life.
engage with 与…建立密切关系；尽力理解
53 A. asked B. warned C. showed D. promised
54 A. traveling B. reading C. searching D. teaching
50 A. cooperate B.side C. negotiate D. engage
回应上文：train ride, travelers
上下文语境
a walk of life：行业、职业、地位、阶层
all walks of life:社会各界、各行各业
重要词汇
encounter
local
approach
remarkable
1.n.遇到;遇见
2.n. 本地人；当地居民
3.vt.（在距离或时间上）靠近，接近
4.adj.非凡的;显著的;引人注目的;奇异的
一、熟词生义
二、短语
1. encounter with；
have the kind of encounter with a local
2. take the chance to do......
3. attend a school
1.v.与......邂逅；
与当地人有一种邂逅
2.v.抓住机会 ; 把握机会
3.v.去上学
重要词汇
4 v.养育家庭
5.v. 没有眨眼睛，表示毫不犹豫
6.v.回忆起做过的事情
7.v.虚拟语气，表示对结果的遗憾
8.v.与…建立密切关系；尽力理解
9. (id.)行业、职业、地位、阶层;
社会各界、各行各业
二、短语
4. support one’s family
5. without batting an eye
6. recall doing sth
7. would have done
8. engage with
9. a walk of life;
all walks of life
重要句式
Perhaps most remarkable, however, was the fact that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor.
一、倒装句、名词性从句
1.正常句式：the fact was most remarkable...
作用：强调表语remarkable，同时为了避免句子结构头重脚轻。
2.同位语从句：the fact that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor，解释说明先行词 the fact
重要句式
It would have been easy to rely on my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home.
二、虚拟语气
would have done : 表示对结果的遗憾
句意：原本很容易相信我对这位从未离家超过几百英里的高速公路建设者的（原本）猜想，事实上，他自学成才、见多识广，令人敬佩，形成反差。
语法填空
语篇类型：说明文
主题语境：人与社会——
话题：超市促销所推行的家庭装或多次购买策略不再受欢迎，相反散装或小包装商品更受顾客青睐。
The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra ___56___ (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home ___57___ you can’t use what you’ve bought while it’s still fresh.
Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way ___58___ will make them the most money. If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s ___59___ they’ll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed.
Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the ____60___ (criticize) that they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items. However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ___61___ (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn’t want to eat them every day.
If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets ___62___ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs ___63___ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). Then, when you use one section, ___64___ other stays fresh.
Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking ___65___ (one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well.
to benefit
or
that/which
what
criticism
be offered
have started
designed
the
ones
不定式作目的状语
过去分词短语作后置定语
语法填空
full of family-size this
multi-buy that
price reductions
make little sense
price goods
out of pocket
buy one get one free
prefer money off individual items
get a few cents off
separate portions
forward-looking
special offers
家庭量装的商品
捆绑销售商品
降价
没有太多的意义
对商品定价
多花钱
买一送一促销
更喜欢优惠个人购买项目
获得几美分优惠
不同份量
有远见的
特别优惠

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