资源简介

新泰中学2021级高三上学期期末仿真模拟测试
英语试题
第二部分 阅读（共两节, 满分 50 分）
第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分, 满分 37.5 分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Dave Williamson Short Story Competition
By Manitoba Writers’ Guild
The Manitoba Writers’ Guild was started in August 1981 at Aubigny, Manitoba, as a grassroots organization for and of Manitoba writers. Our annual Dave Williamson Short Story Competitions open to writers across Manitoba. We actively encourage submissions from those who are 18+ years of age.
Prizes
Top prize: $ 1, 000 CAD
9 runners-up: $ 500 CAD
9 honorable mentions: Publication
All works from 10 prize winners and 9 honorable mention winners will be published in an e-book collection by the Manitoba Writers’ Guild. Proceeds from the sale of the e-book will be used to support future Manitoba Writers’ Guild writing competitions. Winners will be announced via e-mail a few weeks after the contest deadline.
Entry
Entry is free of charge to all writers. However, writers looking to improve their writing may choose to purchase an assessed entry ($ 10 CAD). With this option, you will receive a Google document with comments and suggestions on how to improve your writing on a sentence level, as well as a personal e-mail guiding you in growing as a writer.
Rules
Follow all the rules carefully to avoid being disqualified.
◆Write between 2, 500 and 5, 000 words and submit only your original, unpublished work.
◆Your submission will include a covering letter that contains your name, address, telephone number, and birth date.
◆We are accepting only e-mail submissions for this contest. Please make sure the file is sent as a. pdf,. doc/. docx or. txt document.
◆The deadline to submit your writing is December 19, 2023.
1. Who is the competition organized for
A. University students. B. Local writers in Manitoba.
C. Middle school students. D. Writing enthusiasts in Canada.
2. What do we know about the honorable mention winners
A. They can receive a cash prize. B. They are given guidance on writing.
C. They can have their entries published. D. They are free to download e-books.
3. Which of the following will result in disqualification
A. Posting your writing by express delivery. B. Sending your entry on December 18, 2023.
C. Typing out a story of 4, 500 words. D. E-mailing your entry as a. pdf document.
B
A nine-year-old boy has set a new 5km parkrun world record for his age group. Louis Robinett, a member of the Poole Runners junior athletics club, shaved 13 seconds off the previous world record, which was set in California in 2017, after he crossed the line in 17 minutes and 40 seconds.
Louis, who broke the record at the Poole parkrun in Dorset on Saturday, said, “I’m on top of the world right now. It’s a huge deal to break a world record. I couldn’t have done it without the support of my family and the team at Poole Runners.”
Louis was accompanied on the parkrun by Dion Garner, a member of his athletics club, as all under-11s in the 5km event must run within arm’s length of an adult. Garner said of Louis’s achievement, “His natural talent, combined with his dedication and spirit, is mind-blowing. He loves the sports and has really practiced a lot.” A spokesman for Poole Runners said, “With his new world record, Louis has raised the bar for young athletes everywhere. This isn’t just a win for Louis, it’s a new benchmark (标准) for youth sports, inspiring children all over the world to aim higher.”
Parkrun was started by 13 friends as a weekly event in Bushy Park, southwest London, in 2004. By 2015 more than 80,000 people were gathering in parks around the world each Saturday to participate in a parkrun. Only three years later about a quarter of a million people were taking part in parkruns each week, in 1,500 events across 20 countries. In comparison, 48,000 runners took part in the London Marathon this year.
4 What is the previous 5km parkrun world record
A. 17 minutes and 27 seconds. B. 17 minutes and 23 seconds.
C. 17 minutes and 40 seconds. D. 17 minutes and 53 seconds.
5. How did Louis feel after breaking the world record
A. Surprised and thankful. B. Modest and satisfied.
C. Grateful and delighted. D. Thrilled and shocked.
6. What did Garner think of Louis’s achievement
A. Efforts paid off. B. Strength was at the peak.
C. Determination was the key. D. Mind changed the behavior.
7. What can we know from Paragraph 4
A. Parkrun is ancient but increasingly popular. B. Standards are needed to make parkrun formal.
C. Parkrun originates from a weekly initiative. D. Over twenty countries compete to host a parkrun.
C
One key element of human language is semantics (语义). Scientists had long thought that unlike our words, animal vocalizations (发声) were involuntary, renecting the emotional state of the animal without conveying any other information. But over the last four decades, numerous studies have shown that various animals have distinct calls with specific meanings.
Many bird species use different alarm calls. Japanese tits, which nest in tree holes, have one call that causes their baby birds to get down to avoid being pulled out of the nest by crows, and another call for tree snakes that sends them jumping out of the nest entirely. Siberian jays vary their calls depending on whether an enemy is seen looking for food or actively attacking — and each call gets a different response from other nearby birds.
Two recent studies suggest that the order of some birds’ vocalizations may impact their meaning. Though the idea is still controversial, this could represent a basic form of the rules governing the order and combination of words and elements in human language known as syntax (句法), as illustrated by the classic “dog bites man” vs. “man bites dog” example.
Even if some birds share basic aspects of human language, we still know very little about what’s actually going on in their minds. Most animal communication research has focused on describing signals and behavior, which on the surface can look a lot like human behavior. Determining if the underlying cognitive (认知的) processes driving the behavior are also similar is much more challenging, as at the heart of this question is intentionality: Are animals merely reacting to their environment, or do they intend to convey information to one another
8. What was scientists’ long-held belief about animal vocalizations
A They conveyed no emotion. B. They were semantically related.
C. They varied greatly with species. D. They expressed no intended meaning.
9. How does the author develop paragraph 2
A. By listing data. B. By giving examples.
C. By providing definition. D. By making comparisons.
10. What does the underlined word ”this” in paragraph 3 refer to
A. What birds’ vocalizations mean. B. How rules govern human language.
C What the two recent studies indicate. D. How bird’s vocalizations are combined.
11. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us
A. Shared aspects of human and birds’ languages.
B. Focus of most animal communication research.
C. Underlying, cognitive processes of birds’ vocalizations.
D. Insufficient knowledge about birds’ communication intentionality.
D
Imagine an iPad that’s more than just an iPad — with a surface that can change shapes, potentially allowing you to draw 3D designs and even hold your partner’s hand from an ocean away. That’s the vision of a team of engineers from the University of Colorado Boulder. In a new study, they’ve created a one-of-a-kind shape-shifting display that fits on a card table. The device is made from a 10-by-10 grid (网格) of soft robotic “muscles” that can sense outside pressure and pop up to create patterns. It may also deliver something even rarer: the sense of touch in a digital age.
The group’s innovation builds off a class of soft robots pioneered by a team led by Christoph Keplinger, formerly an assistant professor of mechanical engineering at CU Boulder. The original model isn’t ready for the market yet, but the researchers envision that, one day, similar technologies could lead to sensory gloves for virtual gaming or a smart conveyor belt that can sort different items like selecting apples from bananas.
The project has its origins in the search for a different kind of technology: artificial organs. In 2017, researchers led by Mark Rentschler, professor of mechanical engineering and biomedical engineering, were developing what they called sTISSUE — soft organs that behave and feel like real human body parts but are made entirely out of silicone-like materials. “ You could use these artificial organs to help develop medical devices or surgical robotic tools for much less cost than using real animal tissue,” said Rentschler, a co-author of the new study.
In developing that technology however, the team landed on the idea of a tabletop display. If you pass an electric current through the actuators (执行器), the surface will change shape and jump up. The actuators also include soft, magnetic sensors that can detect the pressure when you push them, which allows for some fun activities.
Other research teams have developed similar smart tablets, but the CU Boulder display is softer, takes up a lot less room and is much shifter: each of its robotic muscles can activate as much as 50 times per second. The group is also working to design a glove that allows you to “feel” objects in virtual reality.
12 What is a big feature of the new display
A. The flexibility of its shape. B. Its quick response to instructions.
C. Its good sense of the environment. D. The great strength of its robotic muscles.
13. What is a possible application of similar technologies
A. The system to pick high-quality fruits. B. Robotic operation in medical surgeries.
C. Touch sensory function in virtual reality. D. Real-time monitoring of environmental conditions.
14. Why is the development of artificial organs mentioned
A. To introduce sTISSUE to the public. B. To stress the advantage of soft materials.
C. To highlight their impact on medical research. D. To explain the inspiration for the new display.
15. What does the underlined word “shifter” in the last paragraph probably mean
A. Clearer. B. Faster. C. Smoother. D. Lighter.
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
You can be hurt by other people in life. That is a fact. And some of those hurts can even leave scars that affect how you think, act and relate to others.___16___Withdraw into a shell, hide in a cave, and isolate(孤立) yourself from others. Definitely not. You can make a different choice to make painful circumstances direct you to a new path.
Remember you can’t please every single person especially a critical one.___17___ Some are praying for rain, while others are praying for sunshine. You shouldn’t be replaying hurtful statements made to you. Additionally, it’s foolish to attempt what is impossible.
___18___ We live in a society where we don’t get a whole lot of approval. It is not wise of you to do all sorts of crazy things trying to win a smile from some people too cold to ever give it. So refuse to play the game. Don’t waste any energy trying to convince unpleasable, disapproving people that you are a great person.___19___
Refuse to fight back. When we are hurt, the instant reaction is to fight back. ___20___ Instead, you can pray for the other person. It will help both of you. Be an actor, not a reactor.
It cannot be denied that dealing with other people effectively is one of the most important things you can learn in life. After you’ve mastered that you’re about 95 percent down the road to finding happiness.
A. No one can do that.
B. Choose emotionally healthy friends.
C. Also, the deepest wounds are caused by rejection.
D. Realize that you don’t need others’ approval to be happy.
E. You should firmly believe you are happy as you choose to be.
F. Then how do you handle the people who send you into depression
G. However, striking back only lowers you to the opponent’s level of immaturity.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 30 分）
第一节 （共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In the summer of 2018, I decided to do a solo expedition (独自探险) across Antarctica. To get some ____21____, I did a two-week training course. I learned all the ____22____: how to camp in the snow, how to pull a sled and what clothing to wear. In October, I flew to Antarctica from Punta Arenas. I’d allowed 70 days, which would make it the longest ____23____ one-way expedition across Antarctica
I only took ____24____. I didn’t even take a hairbrush. The first few days were ____25____. The winds were about 60 mph, and my sled weighed 120 kg. Even if the visibility is good, you can’t ____26____ much — it’s a white horizon. I was on the move for 13 to 15 hours a day.
Then, I found the conditions to be much worse. There was more sastrugi (雪脊) and it felt colder. The last 40 hours were really hard. I ____27____ about 14 times every two hours. As a result, I fell behind ____28____. In the end, I ____29____ 922 miles and fell more than 100 miles short of my goal. Towards the end of my trip, a helicopter flew to pick me up. The ____30____ I felt when I saw the dot in the distance was unbelievable.
It took me a while to be ____31____ of what I’d achieved, because I had failed to reach my ____32____ goal, but I’ve learned it’s ____33____to move the goalposts. I don’t agree with the idea of conquering (征服) somewhere. You treat places with ____34____ and hope they’ll allow you ____35____ passage.
21.
A. donation B. experience C. attention D. rescue
22.
A. basics B. risks C. benefits D. aids
23.
A. cooperative B. romantic C. unsupported D. abnormal
24.
A. companions B. necessities C. cashes D. credits
25.
A. pleasant B. calm C. tough D. lucky
26.
A. talk B. hear C. feel D. see
27.
A. fell over B. dropped out C. looked away D. put up
28.
A. fundraising B. supply C. schedule D. homework
29.
A. measured B. designed C. searched D. covered
30.
A. burden B. relief C. pain D. anxiety
31.
A. proud B. skeptical C. shy D. ashamed
32.
A. insignificant B. unbearable C. disturbing D. initial
33.
A. regrettable B. unnecessary C. acceptable D. inappropriate
34.
A. respect B. courage C. carelessness D. coldness
35.
A. narrow B. safe C. limited D. challenging
第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has scaled up policy to protect and restore the environment around the Yangtze River, putting ___36___ place measures to treat industrial and agricultural pollutants and protect grasslands and wetlands.
A policy document jointly ___37___ (release) by 17 central government departments promises to prioritize efforts with measures ___38___ (comprehensive) exhibiting the conservation of the Yangtze River Basin area. The policy document follows a 10-year fishing ban in the Yangtze enacted by the government in 2020 in response to ___39___ (decline) biodiversity.
Despite improvements to the Yangtze’s water quality, the rise of non-point source pollution ___40___ (emerge) as a major problem in recent years. The document stresses the need for a systemic approach, ___41___ will require the establishment of long-term mechanisms to prevent the return of polluted water bodies.
The treatment of pollution is another priority, as the government looks to install tighter controls over pollutants discharged by chemical factories and promote ___42___ (high) efficiency in the use of fertilizers and pesticides.
___43___ (restore) the diversity of aquatic life in the Yangtze, the document says that the country will establish a monitoring system for endangered animals and make ___44___ action plan to save them and that more work ____45____ (do) to enhance the connectivity of rivers.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分 40 分）
第四部分 第一节 （满分 15 分）
46. 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Rebecca即将结束在中国的交换生学习回国。她喜欢中国传统文化，你在她临走前打算送一幅中国画作为礼物。请你写一封信向她告别。
要点如下：
1. 与她道别；
2. 介绍礼物（如绘画内容、意义等）；
3. 表达祝愿。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Rebecca,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours.
Li Hua
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The 26-year-old mother stared down at her son who suffered leukemia(白血病). Although her heart was filled with sadness, she also had a strong feeling of determination. Like any parent she wanted her son to grow up and fulfill all his dreams. Now that was no longer possible. The leukemia would see to that. But she still wanted her son’s dreams to come true.
She took her son’s hand and asked, “Bopsy, did you ever think about what you wanted to be when you grew up Did you ever dream and wish about what you would do with your life ” “Mommy, I always wanted to be a fireman when I grew up.” Mom smiled back and said, “Let’s see if we can make your wish come true.” Later that day she went to her local fire department in Phoenix, Arizona, where she met Fireman Bob, who had a heart as big as Phoenix. She explained her son’s final wish and asked if it might be possible to give her six-year-old son a ride around the block on a fire engine.
Fireman Bob said, “Look, we can do better than that. If you’ll have your son ready at seven o’clock Wednesday morning, we’ll make him an honorary fireman for the whole day. He can come down to the fire station, eat with us, go out on all the fire calls, the whole nine yards!
And, if you’ll give us his sizes, we’ll get a real fire uniform made for him, with a real fire hat—not a toy one—with the emblem of the Phoenix Fire Department on it, a yellow slicker like we wear and rubber boots. They’re all manufactured right here in Phoenix, so we can get them fast.”
Three days later, Fireman Bob picked up Bopsy, dressed him in his fire uniform and accompanied him from his hospital bed to the waiting hook and ladder truck. Bopsy got to sit up on the back of the truck and help steer it back to the fire station. He was in heaven. There were three fire calls in Phoenix that day and Bopsy got to go out on all three calls. He rode in the different fire engines, the paramedics’ van and even the fire chiefs car. He was also videotaped for the local news program.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
So deeply touched was Bopsy that he resolved to live with perseverance.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
All the doctors thought the boy was on the edge of life and death.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________新泰中学2021级高三上学期期末仿真模拟测试
英语试题
第二部分 阅读（共两节, 满分 50 分）
第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分, 满分 37.5 分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Dave Williamson Short Story Competition
By Manitoba Writers’ Guild
The Manitoba Writers’ Guild was started in August 1981 at Aubigny, Manitoba, as a grassroots organization for and of Manitoba writers. Our annual Dave Williamson Short Story Competitions open to writers across Manitoba. We actively encourage submissions from those who are 18+ years of age.
Prizes
Top prize: $ 1, 000 CAD
9 runners-up: $ 500 CAD
9 honorable mentions: Publication
All works from 10 prize winners and 9 honorable mention winners will be published in an e-book collection by the Manitoba Writers’ Guild. Proceeds from the sale of the e-book will be used to support future Manitoba Writers’ Guild writing competitions. Winners will be announced via e-mail a few weeks after the contest deadline.
Entry
Entry is free of charge to all writers. However, writers looking to improve their writing may choose to purchase an assessed entry ($ 10 CAD). With this option, you will receive a Google document with comments and suggestions on how to improve your writing on a sentence level, as well as a personal e-mail guiding you in growing as a writer.
Rules
Follow all the rules carefully to avoid being disqualified
◆Write between 2, 500 and 5, 000 words and submit only your original, unpublished work.
◆Your submission will include a covering letter that contains your name, address, telephone number, and birth date.
◆We are accepting only e-mail submissions for this contest. Please make sure the file is sent as a. pdf,. doc/. docx or. txt document.
◆The deadline to submit your writing is December 19, 2023.
1. Who is the competition organized for
A. University students. B. Local writers in Manitoba.
C. Middle school students. D. Writing enthusiasts in Canada.
2. What do we know about the honorable mention winners
A. They can receive a cash prize. B. They are given guidance on writing.
C. They can have their entries published. D. They are free to download e-books.
3. Which of the following will result in disqualification
A. Posting your writing by express delivery. B. Sending your entry on December 18, 2023.
C. Typing out a story of 4, 500 words. D. E-mailing your entry as a. pdf document.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了Dave Williamson短篇小说大赛的相关情况。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Our annual Dave Williamson Short Story Competitions open to writers across Manitoba. We actively encourage submissions from those who are 18+ years of age.(我们的年度戴夫·威廉姆森短篇小说比赛对Manitoba的作家开放。我们积极鼓励那些年满18岁的人提交作品。)”可知，比赛是为Manitoba的当地作家组织的。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Prizes部分“All works from 10 prize winners and 9 honorable mention winners will be published in an e-book collection by the Manitoba Writers’ Guild. (Manitoba作家协会将出版10位获奖者和9位荣誉奖获得者的所有作品的电子书集。)”可知，荣誉奖获得者的参赛作品可以被发表。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Rules部分“We are accepting only e-mail submissions for this contest. (我们只接受此竞赛的电子邮件提交。)”可知，用快递寄你的文章会导致取消资格。故选A。
B
A nine-year-old boy has set a new 5km parkrun world record for his age group. Louis Robinett, a member of the Poole Runners junior athletics club, shaved 13 seconds off the previous world record, which was set in California in 2017, after he crossed the line in 17 minutes and 40 seconds.
Louis, who broke the record at the Poole parkrun in Dorset on Saturday, said, “I’m on top of the world right now. It’s a huge deal to break a world record. I couldn’t have done it without the support of my family and the team at Poole Runners.”
Louis was accompanied on the parkrun by Dion Garner, a member of his athletics club, as all under-11s in the 5km event must run within arm’s length of an adult. Garner said of Louis’s achievement, “His natural talent, combined with his dedication and spirit, is mind-blowing. He loves the sports and has really practiced a lot.” A spokesman for Poole Runners said, “With his new world record, Louis has raised the bar for young athletes everywhere. This isn’t just a win for Louis, it’s a new benchmark (标准) for youth sports, inspiring children all over the world to aim higher.”
Parkrun was started by 13 friends as a weekly event in Bushy Park, southwest London, in 2004. By 2015 more than 80,000 people were gathering in parks around the world each Saturday to participate in a parkrun. Only three years later about a quarter of a million people were taking part in parkruns each week, in 1,500 events across 20 countries. In comparison, 48,000 runners took part in the London Marathon this year.
4. What is the previous 5km parkrun world record
A. 17 minutes and 27 seconds. B. 17 minutes and 23 seconds.
C. 17 minutes and 40 seconds. D. 17 minutes and 53 seconds.
5. How did Louis feel after breaking the world record
A. Surprised and thankful. B. Modest and satisfied.
C. Grateful and delighted. D. Thrilled and shocked.
6. What did Garner think of Louis’s achievement
A. Efforts paid off. B. Strength was at the peak.
C. Determination was the key. D. Mind changed the behavior.
7. What can we know from Paragraph 4
A. Parkrun is ancient but increasingly popular. B. Standards are needed to make parkrun formal.
C. Parkrun originates from a weekly initiative. D. Over twenty countries compete to host a parkrun.
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. A 7. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要说明了一名9岁的男孩在他的年龄组中创造了一项新的5公里公园跑世界纪录。描述了他打破纪录之后的感受以及这项活动的相关信息。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Louis Robinett, a member of the Poole Runners junior athletics club, shaved 13 seconds off the previous world record, which was set in California in 2017, after he crossed the line in 17 minutes and 40 seconds.(普尔跑者青少年田径俱乐部的成员路易斯·罗比内特以17分40秒的成绩冲过终点线，将2017年在加州创下的世界纪录缩短了13秒)”可知，之前的5公里公园跑世界纪录是17分40秒+13秒=17分53秒。故选D。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Louis, who broke the record at the Poole parkrun in Dorset on Saturday, said, “I’m on top of the world right now. It’s a huge deal to break a world record. I couldn’t have done it without the support of my family and the team at Poole Runners.” (周六，路易斯在多塞特郡的普尔公园赛跑中打破了纪录，他说：“我现在站在世界之巅。打破世界纪录是件大事。如果没有我的家人和普尔跑步队的支持，我不可能做到这一点。”)”可推知，路易斯打破世界纪录后感觉感激和自豪。故选C。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Garner said of Louis’s achievement, “His natural talent, combined with his dedication and spirit, is mind-blowing. He loves the sports and has really practiced a lot.”(加纳谈到路易斯的成就时说：“他的天赋，加上他的奉献精神和精神，令人兴奋。他热爱这项运动，并且练习了很多。”)”可知，加纳认为路易斯的成就是努力得到了回报。故选A。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Parkrun was started by 13 friends as a weekly event in Bushy Park, southwest London, in 2004.(2004年，13个朋友在伦敦西南部的布什公园发起了每周一次的Parkrun活动)”可知，“Parkrun”起源于一个每周的活动。故选C。
C
One key element of human language is semantics (语义). Scientists had long thought that unlike our words, animal vocalizations (发声) were involuntary, renecting the emotional state of the animal without conveying any other information. But over the last four decades, numerous studies have shown that various animals have distinct calls with specific meanings.
Many bird species use different alarm calls. Japanese tits, which nest in tree holes, have one call that causes their baby birds to get down to avoid being pulled out of the nest by crows, and another call for tree snakes that sends them jumping out of the nest entirely. Siberian jays vary their calls depending on whether an enemy is seen looking for food or actively attacking — and each call gets a different response from other nearby birds.
Two recent studies suggest that the order of some birds’ vocalizations may impact their meaning. Though the idea is still controversial, this could represent a basic form of the rules governing the order and combination of words and elements in human language known as syntax (句法), as illustrated by the classic “dog bites man” vs. “man bites dog” example.
Even if some birds share basic aspects of human language, we still know very little about what’s actually going on in their minds. Most animal communication research has focused on describing signals and behavior, which on the surface can look a lot like human behavior. Determining if the underlying cognitive (认知的) processes driving the behavior are also similar is much more challenging, as at the heart of this question is intentionality: Are animals merely reacting to their environment, or do they intend to convey information to one another
8. What was scientists’ long-held belief about animal vocalizations
A. They conveyed no emotion. B. They were semantically related.
C. They varied greatly with species. D. They expressed no intended meaning.
9. How does the author develop paragraph 2
A. By listing data. B. By giving examples.
C. By providing definition. D. By making comparisons.
10. What does the underlined word ”this” in paragraph 3 refer to
A. What birds’ vocalizations mean. B. How rules govern human language.
C. What the two recent studies indicate. D. How bird’s vocalizations are combined.
11. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us
A Shared aspects of human and birds’ languages.
B. Focus of most animal communication research.
C. Underlying, cognitive processes of birds’ vocalizations.
D. Insufficient knowledge about birds’ communication intentionality.
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. D 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。在过去的四十年里，大量的研究表明，各种动物都有不同的叫声，具有特定的含义，其中人们对鸟类的叫声倾注了大量关注和研究。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Scientists had long thought that unlike our words, animal vocalizations (发声) were involuntary, renecting the emotional state of the animal without conveying any other information.(长期以来，科学家们一直认为，与我们的语言不同，动物的发声是不由自主的，它再现了动物的情绪状态，而不传达任何其他信息。)”可知，科学家们长期以来对动物发声的看法是它们没有表达任何有意的意思。故选D。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Many bird species use different alarm calls.(许多鸟类使用不同警报信号。)”，第二句“Japanese tits, which nest in tree holes, have one call that causes their baby birds to get down to avoid being pulled out of the nest by crows, and another call for tree snakes that sends them jumping out of the nest entirely.(在树洞筑巢的日本山雀，有一种叫声能让它们的幼鸟下来，以免被乌鸦拉出巢外，另一种叫声能让它们完全跳出巢外。)”和第三句“Siberian jays vary their calls depending on whether an enemy is seen looking for food or actively attacking — and each call gets a different response from other nearby birds.(西伯利亚松鸦根据敌人是在寻找食物还是在主动攻击而改变它们的叫声，而每一种叫声都会从附近的其他鸟类那里得到不同的回应。)”可知，第二段是通过举例来论证观点。故选B。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段第一句“Two recent studies suggest that the order of some birds’ vocalizations may impact their meaning.(最近的两项研究表明，一些鸟类发声的顺序可能会影响它们的意义。)”和第二句中的“could represent a basic form of the rules governing the order and combination of words and elements in human language known as syntax (句法), as illustrated by the classic “dog bites man” vs. “man bites dog” example(可能代表了一种基本形式的规则，即控制人类语言中单词和元素的顺序和组合，即语法，如经典的“狗咬人”和“人咬狗”的例子所示)”可知，this指代的是鸟的叫声的组合方式。故选D。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段第一句“Even if some birds share basic aspects of human language, we still know very little about what’s actually going on in their minds.(即使一些鸟类分享人类语言的基本方面，我们仍然对它们的思想知之甚少。)”和最后一句“Determining if the underlying cognitive (认知的)processes driving the behavior are also similar is much more challenging, as at the heart of this question is intentionality: Are animals merely reacting to their environment, or do they intend to convey information to one another (确定驱动行为的潜在认知过程是否相似则更具挑战性，因为这个问题的核心是意向性；动物仅仅是对环境做出反应，还是它们有意向彼此传递信息？)”可知，最后一段主要是讲对鸟类的交流意向认识的不足。故选D。
D
Imagine an iPad that’s more than just an iPad — with a surface that can change shapes, potentially allowing you to draw 3D designs and even hold your partner’s hand from an ocean away. That’s the vision of a team of engineers from the University of Colorado Boulder. In a new study, they’ve created a one-of-a-kind shape-shifting display that fits on a card table. The device is made from a 10-by-10 grid (网格) of soft robotic “muscles” that can sense outside pressure and pop up to create patterns. It may also deliver something even rarer: the sense of touch in a digital age.
The group’s innovation builds off a class of soft robots pioneered by a team led by Christoph Keplinger, formerly an assistant professor of mechanical engineering at CU Boulder. The original model isn’t ready for the market yet, but the researchers envision that, one day, similar technologies could lead to sensory gloves for virtual gaming or a smart conveyor belt that can sort different items like selecting apples from bananas.
The project has its origins in the search for a different kind of technology: artificial organs. In 2017, researchers led by Mark Rentschler, professor of mechanical engineering and biomedical engineering, were developing what they called sTISSUE — soft organs that behave and feel like real human body parts but are made entirely out of silicone-like materials. “ You could use these artificial organs to help develop medical devices or surgical robotic tools for much less cost than using real animal tissue,” said Rentschler, a co-author of the new study.
In developing that technology, however, the team landed on the idea of a tabletop display. If you pass an electric current through the actuators (执行器), the surface will change shape and jump up. The actuators also include soft, magnetic sensors that can detect the pressure when you push them, which allows for some fun activities.
Other research teams have developed similar smart tablets, but the CU Boulder display is softer, takes up a lot less room and is much shifter: each of its robotic muscles can activate as much as 50 times per second. The group is also working to design a glove that allows you to “feel” objects in virtual reality.
12. What is a big feature of the new display
A The flexibility of its shape. B. Its quick response to instructions.
C. Its good sense of the environment. D. The great strength of its robotic muscles.
13. What is a possible application of similar technologies
A. The system to pick high-quality fruits. B. Robotic operation in medical surgeries.
C. Touch sensory function in virtual reality. D. Real-time monitoring of environmental conditions.
14. Why is the development of artificial organs mentioned
A. To introduce sTISSUE to the public. B. To stress the advantage of soft materials.
C. To highlight their impact on medical research. D. To explain the inspiration for the new display.
15. What does the underlined word “shifter” in the last paragraph probably mean
A. Clearer. B. Faster. C. Smoother. D. Lighter.
【答案】12. A 13. C 14. D 15. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种可变形显示器，该设备由一个10 × 10网格的柔软机器人“肌肉”组成，可以感知外部压力并弹出图案。它还可能带来更罕见的东西：数字时代的触觉。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“In a new study, they’ve created a one-of-a-kind shape-shifting display that fits on a card table.(在一项新的研究中，他们创造了一种独一无二的可变形显示器，可以放在牌桌上)”可知，新显示屏的一大特点是形状的灵活性。故选A。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The original model isn’t ready for the market yet, but the researchers envision that, one day, similar technologies could lead to sensory gloves for virtual gaming or a smart conveyor belt that can sort different items like selecting apples from bananas.(最初的模型还没有准备好上市，但研究人员设想，有一天，类似的技术可能会导致虚拟游戏的感官手套或智能传送带，可以对不同的物品进行分类，比如从香蕉中挑选苹果)”可知，类似技术的可能应用是虚拟现实中的触觉感知功能。故选C。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“The project has its origins in the search for a different kind of technology: artificial organs. In 2017, researchers led by Mark Rentschler, professor of mechanical engineering and biomedical engineering, were developing what they called sTISSUE—soft organs that behave and feel like real human body parts but are made entirely out of silicone-like materials.(该项目源于对另一种技术的探索：人造器官。2017年，由机械工程和生物医学工程教授马克·伦奇勒领导的研究人员正在开发他们所谓的stissue——软器官，其行为和感觉都像真正的人体部位，但完全由类似硅的材料制成)”可知，提到了人造器官的发展是为了解释新展示的灵感。故选D。
【15题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“each of its robotic muscles can activate as much as 50 times per second”可知，它的每个机器人肌肉每秒可以激活多达50次，可见更迅速、更快了。故划线词意思是“更快”。故选B。
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
You can be hurt by other people in life. That is a fact. And some of those hurts can even leave scars that affect how you think, act and relate to others.___16___Withdraw into a shell, hide in a cave, and isolate(孤立) yourself from others. Definitely not. You can make a different choice to make painful circumstances direct you to a new path.
Remember you can’t please every single person especially a critical one.___17___ Some are praying for rain, while others are praying for sunshine. You shouldn’t be replaying hurtful statements made to you. Additionally, it’s foolish to attempt what is impossible.
___18___ We live in a society where we don’t get a whole lot of approval. It is not wise of you to do all sorts of crazy things trying to win a smile from some people too cold to ever give it. So refuse to play the game. Don’t waste any energy trying to convince unpleasable, disapproving people that you are a great person.___19___
Refuse to fight back. When we are hurt, the instant reaction is to fight back. ___20___ Instead, you can pray for the other person. It will help both of you. Be an actor, not a reactor.
It cannot be denied that dealing with other people effectively is one of the most important things you can learn in life. After you’ve mastered that you’re about 95 percent down the road to finding happiness.
A. No one can do that.
B. Choose emotionally healthy friends.
C. Also, the deepest wounds are caused by rejection.
D. Realize that you don’t need others’ approval to be happy.
E. You should firmly believe you are happy as you choose to be.
F. Then how do you handle the people who send you into depression
G. However, striking back only lowers you to the opponent’s level of immaturity.
【答案】16. F 17. A 18. D 19. E 20. G
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。生活中我们可能会被其他人伤害。其中一些伤害甚至会留下伤疤，影响我们的想法、行为和与他人的关系。本文提出了一些适当的方法来面对和处理可能会遇到或已经遇到的伤害。
【16题详解】
根据前文“You can be hurt by other people in life. That is a fact. And some of those hurts can even leave scars that affect how you think, act and relate to others.(生活中你可能会被其他人伤害。这是事实。其中一些伤害甚至会留下伤疤，影响你的想法、行为和与他人的关系。)”可知我们在生活中可能会受到其他人的伤害，结合下文“Withdraw into a shell, hide in a cave, and isolate(孤立) yourself from others. Definitely not.(躲进一个壳里，躲进一个洞里，把自己和别人隔离开来。绝对不要。)”可知此处列举了一些应对伤害的方法，并且否定了这些方法，由此可知，空处应提问“那么你如何处理那些让你陷入抑郁的人呢 ”，F项符合文意，故选F项。
【17题详解】
根据上一句“Remember you can’t please every single person especially a critical one.(记住，你不可能取悦每一个人，尤其是那些挑剔的人。)”结合下一句“Some are praying for rain, while others are praying for sunshine. (一些人在祈求下雨，而另一些人在祈求阳光。)”可知取悦所有人是不可能的，所以A项“没人能做到。”适合放在本空，承上启下，故选A项。
【18题详解】
根据下文“We live in a society where we don’t get a whole lot of approval.It is not wise of you to do all sorts of crazy things trying to win a smile from some people too cold to ever give it.(我们生活在一个没有得到太多认可的社会。你做各种疯狂的事情去赢得那些冷漠的人的微笑是不明智的。)”可知此处表达我们不需要努力到去获得所有人的认可，D项“要知道，你并不需要别人的认可才能快乐。”符合文意，故选D项。
【19题详解】
根据前文“Don’t waste any energy trying to convince unpleasable, disapproving people that you are a great person.(不要浪费精力去说服那些不喜欢你、不赞成你的人，你是一个很棒的人。)”结合第三小题答案D选项即本段的主旨“要知道，你并不需要别人的认可才能快乐。”可知，我们可以自己选择快乐的方式，成为快乐的人。所以E项“你应该坚定地相信，你是快乐的，因为你选择了快乐。”符合文意，故选E项。
【20题详解】
根据本段第一句“Refuse to fight back. (拒绝反击。)”可知本段的主旨是建议我们不要反击，结合下文“Instead, you can pray for the other person. It will help both of you. Be an actor, not a reactor.(相反，你可以为对方祈祷。这对你们俩都有好处。做一个行动者，而不是一个回应者。)”可知，在我们的第一反应想要回击的时候只会把我们变得和对手一样不成熟，并没有任何好处，所以G项“然而，反击只会把你降低到对手的不成熟水平。”符合文意，内容承上启下并且符合本段的主旨，短语striking back对应主题句中的fight back，故选G项。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 30 分）
第一节 （共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In the summer of 2018, I decided to do a solo expedition (独自探险) across Antarctica. To get some ____21____, I did a two-week training course. I learned all the ____22____: how to camp in the snow, how to pull a sled and what clothing to wear. In October, I flew to Antarctica from Punta Arenas. I’d allowed 70 days, which would make it the longest ____23____ one-way expedition across Antarctica
I only took ____24____. I didn’t even take a hairbrush. The first few days were ____25____. The winds were about 60 mph, and my sled weighed 120 kg. Even if the visibility is good, you can’t ____26____ much — it’s a white horizon. I was on the move for 13 to 15 hours a day.
Then, I found the conditions to be much worse. There was more sastrugi (雪脊) and it felt colder. The last 40 hours were really hard. I ____27____ about 14 times every two hours. As a result, I fell behind ____28____. In the end, I ____29____ 922 miles and fell more than 100 miles short of my goal. Towards the end of my trip, a helicopter flew to pick me up. The ____30____ I felt when I saw the dot in the distance was unbelievable.
It took me a while to be ____31____ of what I’d achieved, because I had failed to reach my ____32____ goal, but I’ve learned it’s ____33____to move the goalposts. I don’t agree with the idea of conquering (征服) somewhere. You treat places with ____34____ and hope they’ll allow you ____35____ passage.
21.
A. donation B. experience C. attention D. rescue
22.
A. basics B. risks C. benefits D. aids
23.
A. cooperative B. romantic C. unsupported D. abnormal
24.
A. companions B. necessities C. cashes D. credits
25.
A. pleasant B. calm C. tough D. lucky
26.
A. talk B. hear C. feel D. see
27.
A. fell over B. dropped out C. looked away D. put up
28.
A. fundraising B. supply C. schedule D. homework
29.
A. measured B. designed C. searched D. covered
30.
A. burden B. relief C. pain D. anxiety
31.
A. proud B. skeptical C. shy D. ashamed
32.
A. insignificant B. unbearable C. disturbing D. initial
33.
A. regrettable B. unnecessary C. acceptable D. inappropriate
34.
A. respect B. courage C. carelessness D. coldness
35.
A. narrow B. safe C. limited D. challenging
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. C 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者2018年穿越南极洲的单人探险，一路上遇到了很多困难，虽然最后没有达到最初的目标，但作者还是为自己感到骄傲。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了获得一些经验，我参加了一个为期两周的培训课程。A. donation捐赠；B. experience经历；C. attention注意力；D. rescue救援。根据后文“I did a two-week training course”可知，参加培训课程是为了获得经验。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我学会了所有的基本知识：如何在雪地里露营，如何拉雪橇以及穿什么衣服。A. basics基础；B. risks风险；C. benefits利益；D. aids帮助。后文“how to camp in the snow, how to pull a sled and what clothing to wear”是作者学到的基本知识。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我安排了70天的时间，这将使它成为穿越南极洲最长的无支持的单程探险A. cooperative合作的；B. romantic浪漫的；C. unsupported无支持的；D. abnormal反常的。呼应上文“do a solo expedition”作者是独自去的，所以无支持。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我只带了必需品。A. companions同伴；B. necessities必需品；C. cashes现金；D. credits信用。根据后文“I didn’t even take a hairbrush.(我甚至都没带梳子)”可知，作者只带了必需品上路。故选B。
25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最初的几天很难熬。A. pleasant令人愉快的；B. calm平静的；C. tough艰难的；D. lucky幸运的。根据后文“The winds were about 60mph, and my sled weighed 120kg.(风速约为每小时60英里，我的雪橇重达120公斤)”可知，一开始很困难，风速约为每小时60英里，雪橇重达120公斤。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使能见度很好，你也看不见很多东西——这是一片白色的地平线。A. talk谈话；B. hear听见；C. feel感觉；D. see看见。上文“Even if the visibility is good”提到了能见度，对应的是看到东西，故选D。
【27题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我每两个小时摔倒14次。A. fell over摔倒；B. dropped out辍学；C. looked away转移目光；D. put up放置。上文“Then, I found the conditions to be much worse.”提到了情况更糟糕了，结合上文提到风速大，视野差，说明作者经常摔倒，选项中fell over符合语境。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：结果，我落后于计划。A. fundraising资金筹集；B. supply供给量；C. schedule计划；D. homework家庭作业。根据后文“fell more than 100 miles short of my goal”可知，作者落后于计划了。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，我走了922英里，离我的目标还差100多英里。A. measured测量；B. designed设计；C. searched搜索；D. covered覆盖，行走。根据后文“922 miles”表示走了多少距离，应用动词cover。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我看到远处的那个点时，我感到难以置信的宽慰。A. burden负担；B. relief安慰；C. pain痛苦；D. anxiety焦虑。根据后文“I felt when I saw the dot in the distance was unbelievable”可知，作者到达了终点，所以是感到宽慰。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我花了一段时间才为我所取得的成就感到自豪，因为我没有达到我最初的目标，但我知道改变目标是可以接受的。A. proud骄傲的；B. skeptical怀疑的；C. shy害羞的；D. ashamed羞愧的。根据后文“of what I’d achieved”指为取得的成就感到自豪，应用be proud of。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我花了一段时间才为我所取得的成就感到自豪，因为我没有达到我最初的目标，但我知道改变目标是可以接受的。A. insignificant不重要的；B. unbearable难以忍受的；C. disturbing令人不安的；D. initial最初的。根据上文“because I had failed to reach my”以及后文提到了改变目标可以接受，说明作者没能达到最初的目标。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我花了一段时间才为我所取得的成就感到自豪，因为我没有达到我最初的目标，但我知道改变目标是可以接受的。A. regrettable后悔的；B. unnecessary不必要的；C. acceptable可接受的；D. inappropriate不合适的。上文“ It took me a while to be 11 of what I’d achieved, because I had failed to reach my 12 goal, but I’ve learned it’s”中but表示转折，说明虽然没有达到最初目标，但指导改变目标也是可以接受的。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：你以尊重的态度对待每个地方，希望它们能让你安全通行。A. respect尊重；B. courage勇气；C. carelessness粗心；D. coldness寒冷。根据上文“I don’t agree with the idea of conquering somewhere.(我不同意征服某个地方的想法)”可知，作者认为要尊重对待每个地方。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你以尊重的态度对待每个地方，希望它们能让你安全通行。A. narrow狭窄的；B. safe安全的；C. limited有限的；D. challenging挑战性的。根据上文“hope they’ll allow you”指尊重每一个地方，他们才能让你安全通行。故选B。
第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has scaled up policy to protect and restore the environment around the Yangtze River, putting ___36___ place measures to treat industrial and agricultural pollutants and protect grasslands and wetlands.
A policy document jointly ___37___ (release) by 17 central government departments promises to prioritize efforts with measures ___38___ (comprehensive) exhibiting the conservation of the Yangtze River Basin area. The policy document follows a 10-year fishing ban in the Yangtze enacted by the government in 2020 in response to ___39___ (decline) biodiversity.
Despite improvements to the Yangtze’s water quality, the rise of non-point source pollution ___40___ (emerge) as a major problem in recent years. The document stresses the need for a systemic approach, ___41___ will require the establishment of long-term mechanisms to prevent the return of polluted water bodies.
The treatment of pollution is another priority, as the government looks to install tighter controls over pollutants discharged by chemical factories and promote ___42___ (high) efficiency in the use of fertilizers and pesticides.
___43___ (restore) the diversity of aquatic life in the Yangtze, the document says that the country will establish a monitoring system for endangered animals and make ___44___ action plan to save them and that more work ____45____ (do) to enhance the connectivity of rivers.
【答案】36. in 37. released
prehensively
39. declining
40. has emerged
41. which 42. higher
43. To restore
44. an 45. will be done
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国加大了保护和修复长江流域环境的政策力度，采取措施治理工农业污染物，保护草地和湿地。
【36题详解】
考查介词。句意：中国加大了保护和恢复长江周边环境的政策力度，采取了一系列措施来治理工农业污染物，保护草原和湿地。分析句子可知，空格处构成固定短语put sth in place = put in place sth表示“实施，实现，把……放到合适的位置”。故填in。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：由17个中央政府部门联合发布的一份政策文件承诺，将优先采取措施，全面展示长江流域地区的保护。分析句子结构可知，设空处作后置定语修饰名词短语A policy document，A policy document与动词release构成逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填released。
【38题详解】
考查副词。句意：由17个中央政府部门联合发布的一份政策文件承诺，将优先采取措施，全面展示长江流域地区的保护。修饰动词exhibit应用副词comprehensively，故填comprehensively。
【39题详解】
考查形容词。句意：该政策文件遵循了政府在2020年颁布的10年长江捕鱼禁令，以应对生物多样性的下降。设空处作定语修饰名词biodiversity，应用形容词declining，表示“越来越少的、不断下降的”。故填declining。
【40题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：尽管长江水质有所改善，但近年来非点源污染的增加仍是一个主要问题。分析句子可知，空格处是谓语部分，根据时间状语in recent years应使用现在完成时，主语是the rise，助动词用has，故填has emerged。
【41题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：该文件强调需要一个系统的方法，这将需要建立长期机制来防止被污染水体的回归。设空处引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词a systemic approach，在从句作主语，指物，故填which。
【42题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：污染治理是另一个优先事项，因为政府希望对化工厂排放的污染物进行更严格的控制，并提倡化肥和农药的更高的使用效率。根据上文tighter，可知此处空格应填形容词比较级，故填higher。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：为了恢复长江水生生物的多样性，该文件称，国家将建立一个濒危动物监测系统，并制定行动计划来拯救它们，并将做更多的工作来加强河流的连通性。分析句子可知，空格处应填不定式表示目的，“为了恢复长江水生生物多样性”，设空处位于句首，首字母大写，故填To restore。
【44题详解】
考查冠词。句意：为了恢复长江水生生物的多样性，该文件称，国家将建立一个濒危动物监测系统，并制定行动计划来拯救它们，并将做更多的工作来加强河流的连通性。分析句子可知，空格处缺少冠词，此处泛指“一个行动计划”，应填不定冠词，空后action起始音是元音元素，应填不定冠词an，构成短语make an action plan表示“制定一个行动计划”。故填an。
【45题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：为了恢复长江水生生物的多样性，该文件称，国家将建立一个濒危动物监测系统，并制定行动计划来拯救它们，并将做更多的工作来加强河流的连通性。分析句子可知，that more work __10___(do) to enhance the connectivity of rivers为says的第二个宾语从句；设空处在从句中作谓语，主语work与动词do之间是被动关系，根据第一个宾语从句that the country will establish a monitoring system for endangered animals and make an action plan to save them的时态，第二个宾语从句也应用一般将来时，此处应使用一般将来时的被动语态，故填will be done。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分 40 分）
第四部分 第一节 （满分 15 分）
46. 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Rebecca即将结束在中国的交换生学习回国。她喜欢中国传统文化，你在她临走前打算送一幅中国画作为礼物。请你写一封信向她告别。
要点如下：
1. 与她道别；
2. 介绍礼物（如绘画内容、意义等）；
3. 表达祝愿。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Rebecca,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours.
Li Hua
【答案】One possible version:
Dear Rebecca,
Knowing that you are heading back to Britain very soon, I hate to say that parting is truly hard. But I am delighted that you have enjoyed yourself here and grown attached to Chinese culture.
As a small token of appreciation, I picked a Chinese painting for you, on which is a pair of chopsticks. Spanning thousands of years, chopsticks are a kind of tableware with distinct national features, being an important component that fully reflects the intelligence of Chinese people. They always come in a pair and look identical. As an ancient Chinese saying goes, good things come in pairs. Chopsticks embody the beauty of symmetry and harmony of relationships.
Hope you will like the little gift. Wish you a pleasant journey home. Keep in touch.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国朋友Rebecca写封信，和她告别并介绍给她送的中国画的相关情况。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：delighted→glad
重要的：important→significant
礼物：gift→present
令人愉快的：pleasant→enjoyable
2.句式拓展
同义句
原句：Spanning thousands of years, chopsticks are a kind of tableware with distinct national features, being an important component that fully reflects the intelligence of Chinese people.
拓展句：Spanning thousands of years, chopsticks are not only a kind of tableware with distinct national features, but also an important component that fully reflects the intelligence of Chinese people.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Knowing that you are heading back to Britain very soon, I hate to say that parting is truly hard.(运用了that引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] As an ancient Chinese saying goes, good things come in pairs. (运用了as引导的非限制性定语从句)
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The 26-year-old mother stared down at her son who suffered leukemia(白血病). Although her heart was filled with sadness, she also had a strong feeling of determination. Like any parent she wanted her son to grow up and fulfill all his dreams. Now that was no longer possible. The leukemia would see to that. But she still wanted her son’s dreams to come true.
She took her son’s hand and asked, “Bopsy, did you ever think about what you wanted to be when you grew up Did you ever dream and wish about what you would do with your life ” “Mommy, I always wanted to be a fireman when I grew up.” Mom smiled back and said, “Let’s see if we can make your wish come true.” Later that day she went to her local fire department in Phoenix, Arizona, where she met Fireman Bob, who had a heart as big as Phoenix. She explained her son’s final wish and asked if it might be possible to give her six-year-old son a ride around the block on a fire engine.
Fireman Bob said, “Look, we can do better than that. If you’ll have your son ready at seven o’clock Wednesday morning, we’ll make him an honorary fireman for the whole day. He can come down to the fire station, eat with us, go out on all the fire calls, the whole nine yards!
And, if you’ll give us his sizes, we’ll get a real fire uniform made for him, with a real fire hat—not a toy one—with the emblem of the Phoenix Fire Department on it, a yellow slicker like we wear and rubber boots. They’re all manufactured right here in Phoenix, so we can get them fast.”
Three days later, Fireman Bob picked up Bopsy, dressed him in his fire uniform and accompanied him from his hospital bed to the waiting hook and ladder truck. Bopsy got to sit up on the back of the truck and help steer it back to the fire station. He was in heaven. There were three fire calls in Phoenix that day and Bopsy got to go out on all three calls. He rode in the different fire engines, the paramedics’ van and even the fire chiefs car. He was also videotaped for the local news program.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
So deeply touched was Bopsy that he resolved to live with perseverance.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
All the doctors thought the boy was on the edge of life and death.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Possible version
So deeply touched was Bopsy that he resolved to live with perseverance. His dream realized, with him blessed with all the love and attention, Bobsy felt that he was the most fortunate person in the world. Never had the boy anticipated such a great dream could be realized on him. Though in the process of terminal leukemia, Bobsy still led a life full of hope and beauty. It was the personal experience of being a fireman that inspired his desire to live a good life regardless of the severe illness. Brimming with confidence in life, along with the encouragement of the great mother, Bobsy was positively engaged in his treatment. However, a severe infectious virus hit him, which worsened his condition.
All the doctors thought the boy was on the edge of life and death. However, the mother insisted on the fact that faith could create the miracle of life. Hugging the boy in her arms, the mother called the fire chief and asked if it would be possible to send a fireman in uniform to the hospital to be with Bopsy to pull through the dangerous period. No sooner had the fireman came into the ward than Bobsy smiled as if the fireman were his future and all the pain had gone. Amazingly, the next few days saw the boy picking up gradually. He was firmly convinced that his life wouldn’t end before he could be a real firefighter. With scientific and effective treatment, his condition was improving all the time. So a beautiful dream in the heart can make a great difference.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Bobsy患有白血病，Bobsy告诉母亲自己长大后当一名消防员，于是当地的消防队让Bobsy当一整天的荣誉消防员，Bobsy也因为受到鼓舞，积极参与治疗，逐渐恢复了健康。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“Bobsy深受感动，决心坚持不懈地生活下去”可知，第一段可描写Bobsy受到鼓舞，积极参与治疗。
②由第二段首句内容“所有的医生都认为这个男孩处于生死边缘”可知，第二段可描写消防员来看望Bobsy，Bobsy逐渐恢复健康。
2.续写线索：Bobsy受感动——充满希望——积极治疗——消防员看望——Bobsy恢复健康——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
实现：realize/come true
预料：anticipate/expect
参与：engage in/get involved in
情绪类
幸运：fortunate /lucky
惊人：amazingly /surprisingly
【点睛】[高分句型1] His dream realized, with him blessed with all the love and attention, Bobsy felt that he was the most fortunate person in the world. (运用了that引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] Never had the boy anticipated such a great dream could be realized on him. (运用了部分倒装句)

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