资源简介

Unit 4 Don't eat in class.
Section A（Grammar Focus-3c）
Teaching Aims 1.语言能力：了解祈使句以及have to 与must的相同点和不同点。 2.文化意识：了解中外相同或不同的校规、班规及家规。 3.思维品质：能根据语篇内容或所给条件进行改编或创编。 4.学习能力：有意识地运用知识迁移策略谈论梦想中的学校规则。
Teaching Difficulties 掌握have to作为情态动词的用法。
Teaching Aids A tape recorder ,CAI or multimedia courseware
Teaching Procedures Tips
Step 1 Warm-up & Revision
Revision Ask the Ss to look at the pictures on PPT P5-P11, then fill in the blanks. —Can we __________________ —No, we can’t. We must _________. —Don’t _________________. answers：arrive late for class/ run in the hallways/ listen to music in class/fight/ eat in class/ sleep in class/ wear a hat in class be on time/ walk/ turn the music off/ be friendly to each other/ eat in the dining hall/ listen to the teacher carefully/ take off the hat in class arrive late for class/ run in the hallways/ listen to music in class/ fight/ eat in class/ sleep in class/ wear a hat in class Ask the Ss to answer the question freely. Can you list other rules in daily life We can’t _____________at school/ at home/ in class. We must _____________at school/ at home/ in class. We have to ___________at school/ at home/ in class.
Step 2 Grammar & Presentation
Grammar Focus The T can ask Ss to read aloud the sentences. Grammar 祈使句 祈使句一般用来表示请求、命令、劝说、号召、警告等。在祈使句中，通常省略主语you，其肯定形式以动词原形开头，否定形式是在动词原形前加don’t。祈使句句尾用句号或感叹号，读时用降调。为表示礼貌，可以在句首或句尾加上please。句末用please时，前面通常加逗号。 Do 型祈使句的构成 肯定句：动词原形 (+宾语)+其他. 否定句：Don’t+动词原形 (+宾语) +其他. Wear the school uniform on weekdays, please. 上学日请穿校服。 Don’t watch TV before dinner. 晚饭前不要看电视。 Be 型祈使句的构成 肯定句：Be+表语+其他. 否定句：Don’t+be+表语+其他. Be careful next time.下次要细心。 Don’t be late for school! 上学不要迟到! Let 型祈使句的构成 肯定句：Let+宾语+动词原形+其他. 否定句：Don’t+let+宾语+动词原形+其他. 或Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他. Let’s have a rest. 咱们休息一下吧。 Don’t let him go swimming. = Let him not go swimming. 不要让他去游泳。 其他类型的否定祈使句 (1) No+v-ing! / No+名词! No fishing! 禁止钓鱼! No parking! 禁止停车! No photos! 禁止拍照! (2) never 代替don’t 来加强语气。 Never give up! 决不放弃! 情态动词have to与must We must be on time. 我们必须准时。 Does he have to wear a uniform at school 他在学校必须穿校服吗？ He has to live at school because his home is far away from school. 他不得不住校，因为他家离学校很远。 have to与must的共同点 二者均可表示“必须”，其后均接动词原形。 It’s too late. I have to take a taxi. 太晚了，我必须乘出租车。 I must go now. 我必须现在就走。 have to与must的不同点 have to 强调因客观因素影响而不得不做某事，跟主观意愿无关，通常上下文中会有暗示客观因素的句子，多译为“不得不”。must表示因主观需要或责任感的驱使而有必要或义务去做某事，多译为“必须”。
He has to leave school because his family is poor. 因为家里穷，他不得不退学。(受客观因素影响) We must do something about it. 关于这件事我们必须做点什么。(责任感的驱使) have to 可用于不同的时态，有人称和数的变化，其一般现在时的第三人称单数形式为has to；过去式为had to。must 一般只用来表示现在，没有人称和数的变化。
have to have to的否定形式为don’t/doesn’t /didn’t have to，表示“不必”。must must的否定形式为mustn’t，表示“禁止，不准”。
【拓展延伸】以must开头的一般疑问句的肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to。 —Must I leave now 我现在必须离开吗？ —Yes, you must./No, you needn’t (don’t have to). 是的，你必须。/不，你不必。
Step 3 Presentation
Ask the Ss to look at the pictures in 3a and answer the questions. 1. What do the pictures tell us 2. Can we talk loudly/eat/listen to music/take photos in the library 3. Where can you see these signs 3a Ask the Ss to write the rules for the school library. Library Rules 1. Don’t talk.________________ 2. ____________________________ 3. ____________________________ 4. ____________________________ Answers:2.Don’t eat in the library. 3.Don’t listen to music in the library. 4.Don’t take photos in the library. 3b Use the words to make questions about the rules. Then write answers according to your school. Be quiet Q: Does she have to be quiet in the library (she/have to/in the library) A: Yes, she does. Eat Q:__________________________________ (he/have to/in the dining hall) A:__________________________________ Listen to music Q:_________________________________(we/can/in the hallways) A:_________________________________ Wear a hat Q:_________________________________(we/can/in the classroom) A:_________________________________ Answers:Does he have to eat in the dining hall Yes, he does. Can we listen to music in the hallways No, we can’t. Can we wear a hat in the classroom No, we can’t. 3c Make up five cool rules for your dream school. Share your rules with the class. Your classmates vote for the Coolest School! 1.We can eat in class. 2.We don’t have to come to school every day. 3. ... Report At my dream school, we don’t have to come to school every day. We can eat in the classroom. We can listen to music in class. We don’t have to do homework. We don’t have to wear school uniforms at school. The language points are for reference only.
Step 4 Summary & Homework The homework can vary with the specific conditions.
Exercise Ask the Ss to do exercises on PPT P32-P35. Summary Grammar: 祈使句(重点为否定结构) 情态动词can表“许可”的用法(肯定及否定陈述，一般疑问句结构及肯定和否定回答) 情态动词must的句型结构(仅限肯定陈述) 情态动词have to的句型结构(肯定及否定陈述，一般疑问结构及肯定和否定回答) Homework Preview the new words and phrases in Section B(1a-1d). Do the exercises in students’ book.
Teaching Reflection We always learn grammar when we have enough language materials to support. Students can practice grammar by using what they have learned. After they learn the main structure in the grammar focus frame，the students should practice in different activities.

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