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阅读理解主旨大意题
目 录
01 易错陷阱（3大陷阱）
02 举一反三
【易错点提醒一】标题类易混易错点
【易错点提醒二】段落大意类易混易错点
【易错点提醒三】文章大意类易混易错点
03 易错题通关
易错陷阱1：标题类易混易错点。
【分析】
标题类是对中心思想的加工和提炼，可以是单词、短语、也可以是句子。她的特点是短小精悍，多为短语；涵盖性、精确性强；不能随意改变语言表达的程度和色彩。如果是短语类选项，考生容易混淆重点，此时应当先划出选项的关键词。
此类题和文章的中心主题句有很大关系。中心主题句一般出现在第一段，有时第一段也可能引出话题，此时应当重点关注第二段和最后一段，看看是否会出现首尾呼应。
易错陷阱2：段落大意类易混易错点。
【分析】 每个段落都有一个中心思想，通常会在段落的第一句或最后一句体现，这就是段落主题句。如果没有明显的主题句时，应当根据段落内容概括处段落大意。有时考生还会找错文章对应位置，盲目选词文中相同的词句，而出现文不对题的现象。
易错陷阱3：文章大意类易混易错点。
【分析】确定文章主旨的方法是：先看首尾段或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括。如，议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词语，记叙文中寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词。文中出现不同观点时，要牢记作者的观点彩色体现全文中心的。此时，要注意转折词，如：but, however, yet, in spite of, on the contrary等。
【易错点提醒一】 标题类易混易错点
【例1】 （浙江省义乌五校2023-2024学年高三联考试题）
The scientist’s job is to figure out how the world works, to “torture (拷问)” Nature to reveal her secrets, as the 17th century philosopher Francis Bacon described it. But who are these people in the lab coats (or sports jackets, or T-shirts and jeans) and how do they work It turns out that there is a good deal of mystery surrounding the mystery-solvers.
“One of the greatest mysteries is the question of what it is about human beings — brains, education, culture etc. that makes them capable of doing science at all,” said Colin Allen, a cognitive scientist at Indiana University.
Two vital ingredients seem to be necessary to make a scientist: the curiosity to seek out mysteries and the creativity to solve them. “Scientists exhibit a heightened level of curiosity,” reads a 2007 report on scientific creativity. “They go further and deeper into basic questions showing a passion for knowledge for its own sake.” Max Planck, one of the fathers of quantum physics, once said, the scientist “must have a vivid and intuitive imagination, for new ideas are not generated by deduction (推论), but by an artistically creative imagination.”
......
ong as our best technology for seeing inside the brain requires subjects to lie nearly motionless while surrounded by a giant magnet, we’re only going to make limited pro gress on these questions,” Allen said.
What is a suitable title for the text
Who Are The Mystery-solvers
B．Scientists Are Not Born But Made
C．Great Mystery: What Makes A Scientist
D．Solving Mysteries: Inside A Scientist's Mind
易错分析：没有理清第一段和第二段的关系。第一段提出疑问，引出话题，第二段提出文章的中心主题，全文围绕其展开说明。
【答案】C
【解析】 文章标题。根据第二段““One of the greatest mysteries is the question of what it is about human beings—— brains, education, culture etc.—that makes them capable of doing science at all,” said Colin Allen, a cognitive scientist at Indiana University.(印第安纳大学的认知科学家Colin Allen说：“最大的谜团之一是，人类究竟是什么——大脑、教育、文化等——使他们能够从事科学研究。”)”结合文章主要探讨了到底是哪些因素造就了科学家。C选项“伟大的奥秘:是什么造就了科学家”最符合文章标题。故选C。
【变式1】（山东省曲阜师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年质量检测）
Perhaps you think you could easily add to your happiness with more money. Strange as it may seem, if you're unsatisfied, the issue is not a lack of means to meet your desires but a lack of desires — not that you cannot satisfy your tastes but that you don't have enough tastes.
Real riches consist of well-developed and hearty capacities (能力) to enjoy life. Most people are already swamped (淹没) with things. They eat, wear, go and talk too much. They live in too big a house with too many rooms, yet their house of life is a hut.
Your house of life ought to be a mansion (豪宅) , a royal palace. Every new taste, every additional interest, every fresh enthusiasm adds a room. Here are several rooms your house of life should have.
Art should be a desire for you to develop simply because the world is full of beautiful things. If you only understood how to enjoy them and feed your spirit on them, they would make you as happy as to find plenty of hamburgers and eggs when you're hungry.
Literature, classic literature, is a beautiful, richly furnished room where you might find many an hour of rest and refreshment. To gain that love would go toward making you a rich person, for a rich person is not someone who has a library but who likes a library.
Music like Mozart's and Bach's shouldn't be absent. Real riches are of the spirit. And when you've brought that spirit up to where classical music feeds it and makes you a little drunk, you have increased your thrills and bettered them. And life is a matter of thrills.
Sports, without which you remain poor, mean a lot in life. No matter who you are, you would be more human, and your house of life would be better supported against the bad days, if you could, and did, played a bit.
Whatever rooms you might add to your house of life, the secret of enjoying life is to keep adding.
What would be the best title for the passage
A．House of Life B．Secret of Wealth
C．Rest and Refreshment D．Interest and Enthusiasm
易错分析：第一段没有出现中心主旨句时，慌乱中无中生有，按现实生活去无中生有选择干扰项。应当重点关注第二段，尾段和其余段落的主题句。
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了现实生活里很多人物质上非常丰富，住豪宅，享美食。但是他们精神上却是贫穷的，要想得到内心的幸福，需要了解艺术，文学，音乐等等不同的内容来丰富我们的内心世界。文章中多次提到“house”，把生活比喻为“一所房子”，要想幸福，必须在这所房子里填满艺术、文学、音乐等精神上的东西。A项“House of Life”涵盖了这些内容。故选A项。
【变式2】（安徽省皖江名校联盟2023年高三联考）
Well, to pick up where we left off last time. I’m certain that you know all too well the dangers hiding on the World Wide Web. And whether it’s for schoolwork, entertainment, or just socializing with friends, the Internet will surely be a major part of your child’s life. So, it’s important to secure their online stays.
It’s not the easiest thing, but keeping open lines of communication is primary. Let them know they can share their online activities with you. Talk to them about their online presence as early as possible, ideally before they begin to use email, social media, or a smartphone. Discuss what they find interesting online and learning from them about popular websites and apps; this will create understanding and allow you to identify potential risks.
Next, monitor without spying. Most kids learn to understand boundaries, like respecting others’ personal space, or not opening the cookie jar without asking. Internet use is no different. It’s helpful for kids to have ground rules as to which websites they can visit,which apps they can use, and what they can share online. Remind them that if they feel uneasy with anything that occurs online, they need to alert an adult immediately.
......
What is the best title for the text
A．What Is Hidden on the Net B．How to Make Online Stays
C．Be a Smarter Internet User D．Keep Your Kids Safe Online
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“ So, it’s important to secure their online stays.( 因此，确保他们在网上的安全是很重要的)”及全文，文章主要提供了“如何保障孩子网上活动安全”的几条建议。由此可知，“Keep Your Kids Safe Online(保证你的孩子安全上网)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。
【变式3】（福建省泉州科技中学2023年高三试题）
Stuck inside his room at an assisted living center, Bob Coleman knew he could not go out in public with the epidemic (疫). But he was not cut off from outside: he shared his love for country music over the Internet. “Hello, everybody. It’s a bright day in Tennessee,” he said into his microphone. “This is Bob Coleman, coming to you from Room3325…”. Then Coleman began to play the music he loves-hits from country music stars. The 88-year-old carefully chooses each song.
Coleman and several other retirees have turned into DJs (流行音乐播音员), for a new online radio hour known as “Radio Recliner.” A marketing company called Luckie came up with the idea of Radio Recliner. Listeners can send song requests in honor of family or friends. For example, listeners might hear a message like this: “Hey, Granny. This is your favorite granddaughter Amy. We just wanted to call in and say we love you.” The 60-minute show started with retirees in middle Tennessee. It has since expanded, with residents of assisted-living centers in other states taking part in the project. Many jumped at the chance to work as a DJ to ease the loneliness of social distancing rules.
Mitch Bennett serves as Luckie’s chief creative officer. He says the idea was to provide a sense of community to older people. “For this generation, radio was the original social media,” Bennett said, “Dedicating a song to someone you love and having them hear it along with everyone else is a special way of connecting.”
In Georgia, 80-year-old Ed Rosenblatt, who had made full preparations for his show, said an hour he spent playing songs on Radio Recliner resulted in a flood of text messages, emails and calls from family and friends, and many of the messages were from people he had not heard from for years.
What’s the best title for the text
A．Older Adults Need More Care During the Epidemic
B．Older Adults, Stuck by the Epidemic, Turn Into DJs
C．Older Adults Were Busy With Music During the Epidemic
D．Older Adults, Stuck by the Epidemic, Show Music Talents
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述疫情期间老人们积极参与Radio Recliner成为音乐DJ，通过分享自己喜欢的音乐来摆脱孤独，以及更多地与朋友和家人联系。故B项“受疫情困扰，老年人成为DJ”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选B。
【易错点提醒二】 段落大意类易混易错点
【例2】 （江苏省徐州市第七中学2023年高三期中试题）
As a kid growing up in a suburb of London. I loved to go looking for the perfect park bench. Some Sunday mornings, my dad could be persuaded to drive to new parks. We’d have a kick-around with a soccer ball, share a bag of Doritos and check out all the benches in the area, reading the words on them.
The good park bench leaves me in a state, somewhere between nostalgia (怀旧) and eager anticipation. Where once I was excited by the words carved on wood, I now find, as a 10-year-old, that I’m more appreciative of each bench’s quiet stoicism (坦然淡定), the way they are willing to wait out their turn in every weather, remaining available to all-comers. Like a good book or piece of music, a park bench allows for a sense of solitude (独处) and community at the same time, which is crucial to life in a great city.
Part of my obsession with park benches is as spaces where history settles. By planting seeds of curiosity, and making space for reflection, park benches become doors to the past. Maybe that’s the greatest power of the park bench: its capacity encourages the art of observation. A good bench catches us in our quietest, most vulnerable (脆弱的) moments, when we may be open to imagining new narratives and revisiting old ones. Our masks are taken off, hung from the bench’s wrought iron. On other nearby benches, babies are being burped. Glances exchanged. Sandwiches eaten. Newspapers read it .
......
Which aspect of park benches does paragraph 3 focus on
A．Design. B．History. C．Location. D．Power.
易错分析：容易出现文不对题，找错位置。同时对文中长句不会分析句子结构，曲解文意，提炼关键词错误。
【答案】D
【解析】段落大意题。根据第三段的“By planting seeds of curiosity, and making space for reflection, park benches become doors to the past. Maybe that’s the greatest power of the park bench: its capacity encourages the art of observation. A good bench catches us in our quietest, most vulnerable (脆弱的) moments, when we may be open to imagining new nanauves and revisiting old ones.(通过播下好奇心的种子，为反思提供空间，公园长椅成为通往过去的大门。也许这就是公园长凳最大的力量：它的性能促进了观察的艺术。一张好的长凳能在我们最安静、最脆弱的时刻抓住我们，这时我们可能会想象新的纳米机器人，并重温旧的纳米机器人。)”可知，第三段主要讲的是长凳的力量，故选D。
【变式1】（重庆市第八中学2023-2024学年高考适应性试题）
The Yurok people have lived along the Klamath River, which flows from the Cascades in Oregon southwest through Northern California, for thousands of years, protecting the region and river from which they — and others — draw sustenance (生计).
But as development and pollution continue to reduce the number of fish in the river and the quantity and quality of its waters, the Yurok Tribe is legalizing (合法化) the tribe’s longstanding care by granting the Rights of Personhood to the Klamath, the first river in North America to have such rights declared.
......
What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The process of legalization. B．The tradition of Yurok tribe.
C．The reason behind the legalization. D．The importance of the Klamath River.
【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段“But as development and pollution continue to reduce the number of fish in the river and the quantity and quality of its waters, the Yurok Tribe is legalizing (合法化) the tribe’s longstanding care by granting the Rights of Personhood to the Klamath, the first river in North America to have such rights declared.(但是，随着开发和污染不断减少河中鱼类的数量，以及河水的数量和质量，尤洛克部落通过授予克拉马斯河人格权利，将部落长期以来的照顾合法化，这是北美第一条宣布拥有这种权利的河流)”可知，随着开发和污染的持续，尤洛克部落将部落长期以来的照顾合法化，由此可知，本段主要讲述了这一举措的背景。故选C项。
【变式2】（江苏省决胜新高考2023-2024学年高三10月大联考）
The term “beer goggles” is said to have been coined by male North American university students in the 1980s. Yet despite unconfirmed evidence for the phenomenon, the link between alcohol intoxication (醉酒) and physical attraction has not been systematically studied.
Prof Bowdring of the University of Pittsburgh invited 18 pairs of male friends into the laboratory to rate the attractiveness of men and women they viewed in photos and videos. On one occasion, both men were given enough cranberry juice to raise their blood alcohol concentration to about 0.08% - the legal limit for driving in England — and on the other occasion, they both received a non-alcoholic drink. After providing attractiveness ratings for the photos, they were asked to select which of these individuals they would most like to interact with in a future experiment.
......
What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A．The comparison of two experiments.
B．The process of Bowdring’s experiment.
C．The underlying logic of beer goggles effect.
D．The methods of appreciating attractiveness.
易错分析：缺乏对段落主题句在首句的关注度，长难句结构划分容易出错，故而引起曲解文意。
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“Prof Bowdring of the University of Pittsburgh invited 18 pairs of male friends into the laboratory to rate the attractiveness of men and women they viewed in photos and videos.(匹兹堡大学的鲍德林教授邀请了18对男性朋友进入实验室，让他们对照片和视频中男性和女性的吸引力进行打分。)”可知，Prof Bowdring让研究对象进入实验室开始进行研究，结合下文中介绍别让这些研究对象一部分喝含有酒精的饮料和另一部分喝不含酒精的饮料，以及“After providing attractiveness ratings for the photos, they were asked to select which of these individuals they would most like to interact with in a future experiment.(在提供了照片的吸引力评级后，他们被要求在这些人中选择他们在未来的实验中最愿意与之互动的人。)”可知，给他们提供照片的吸引力评级后，让他们选择在未来实验中最愿意与之互动的人，综合以上信息可知，第二段讲述的是研究的过程。故选B项。
【变式3】（广东省珠海市第三中学2023年高三试题）
......
In my twenties, when I was almost constantly in a state of anxiety, I never went on holiday. I was scared of flying, scared of my boss noticing how much nicer life was without me in the office. I thought not going on holiday made me a harder worker,when actually it just made me a more tired one. Then, a boss pulled me aside to tell me that he wasn’t going to thank me for not taking my holidays. I then booked a cheap beach holiday with a friend, and was genuinely amazed to find I felt much better for it.
......
What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A．The benefit the author obtained from travelling.
B．The source of the author’s stress during office hours.
C．The change of the author’s attitude to taking holidays.
D．The reason why the author tried to be a harder worker.
【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第四段内容“In my twenties, when I was almost constantly in a state of anxiety, I never went on holiday. I was scared of flying, scared of my boss noticing how much nicer life was without me in the office. I thought not going on holiday made me a harder worker, when actually it just made me a more tired one. Then, a boss pulled me aside to tell me that he wasn’t going to thank me for not taking my holidays. I then booked a cheap beach holiday with a friend, and was genuinely amazed to find I felt much better for it.(在我20多岁的时候，当时我几乎总是处于焦虑的状态，我从来没有去度假。我害怕坐飞机，害怕老板注意到我不在办公室生活会好得多。我原以为不去度假会让我更努力工作，但实际上不度假只会让我更累。然后，一位老板把我拉到一边，告诉我他不会因为我不休假而感谢我。然后我和一个朋友订了一个便宜的海滩度假，我真的很惊讶地发现我感觉好多了。)”可知，第四段主要讲述了作者对于度假的态度的改变。故选C。
【易错点提醒三】 文章大意类易混易错点
【例3】（江苏省徐州市第七中学2023年高三期中试题）
New bio-plastics are being made in laboratories from straw, wood chips and food waste, with researchers aiming to replace oil as the source of the world’s plastic.
The new approaches include genetically modifying bacteria to eat wood and produce useful chemicals. But the bio-plastics are currently significantly more expensive to make than fossil fuel-based plastics.
Land and seas around the world, from high mountains to deep oceans, have become polluted with plastic, prompting major public concern. The world has produced 8bn tons of plastic since the 1950s and demand is still rising.
While some waste plastic is recycled, much of it is burnt to produce electricity, resulting in carbon emissions that drive climate change. In contrast to plastic made from oil, plastics made from plant-based materials only release the carbon the plants absorbed from the air as they grew. Bio-plastics will also give more options for products that biodegrade (生物降解) in the environment, although they can be made very long-lasting if required.
“Plastics are an incredible enhancement to our daily lives,” said Paul Mines, CEO of Biome Technologies in the UK, which has spent t5m in the last five years on bio-plastics research. “But we can’t go on using fossil fuel-based materials. About 6-7% of every barrel (桶) of oil is used to make plastics.”
“Using plant materials is feasible,” said professor Simon, at the University of York. “Replacing half of the nation’s plastic bottles could be done using just 3% of the sugar beet crop, 5% of wheat straw or 2.5% of food waste,” he said.
Currently, just a few thousand tons of bio-plastic are used in the UK each year, compared to millions of tons of conventional plastic. Mines said this could rise to about 20,000 tons in the next five years.
......
What is the main idea of the passage
A．Plastics arc necessary in daily life. B．Oil is the source of the world’s plastic.
C．Bioplastic making is a promising industry. D．Scientists are researching bioplastic making.
易错分析：未关注首段，不重视文章中心主题句的总结。
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“New bio-plastics are being made in laboratories from straw, wood chips and food waste, with researchers aiming to replace oil as the source of the world’s plastic.(实验室正在用稻草、木屑和食物垃圾制造新型生物塑料，研究人员的目标是取代石油成为世界塑料的来源)”并结合全文可知，文章主要介绍了研究者们正在研究生物塑料。故选D。
【变式1】（福建省福州高级中学2023-2024学年高三10月试题）
A trial project by the Montreal Children’s Hospital suggested that the use of medical hypnosis (催眠) can reduce pain and anxiety in patients. The project also resulted in a reduction in the amount of medicines used to perform medical-imaging imaging(医学影像) procedures.
“During the examination children don’t move. It works perfectly. It’s amazing,” said Johanne L’Ecuyer, a medical-imaging technologist at the hospital.
The project was inspired by a French team from Rouen University Hospital Centre where examinations are done under hypnosis instead of general anesthesia (麻醉).
A French medical-imaging technologist-also a hypnotist-was invited to train a few members in the medical-imaging department of the children’s hospital. In all, 80 examinations were conducted for the project between January and September, 2019, focusing on the imaging procedures that would cause anxiety.
......
What is the passage mainly about
A．An easy way to communicate with patients.
B．The standard method of conducting hypnosis.
C．An introduction of medical-imaging technology.
D．The use of hypnosis in medical-imaging procedures.
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“A trial project by the Montreal Children’s Hospital suggested that the use of medical hypnosis(催眠)can reduce pain and anxiety in patients. The project also resulted in a reduction in the amount of medicines used to perform medical-imaging imaging(医学影像) procedures. (蒙特利尔儿童医院的一个试验项目表明催眠技术的使用可以减轻病人的痛苦和焦虑。一位法国医学影像技术专家——也是一位催眠师被邀请到儿童医院的医学影像部门培训几位员工。)”可知，全文主要讲述催眠技术在医学影像程序中的应用。故选D。
【变式2】（2023年全国高三专练）
In previous recessions (经济衰退), billionaires were hit along with the rest of us; it took almost three years for Forbes’s 400 richest people to recover from losses caused in 2008’s Great Recession. But in the coronavirus recession of 2020, most billionaires have gotten richer than ever before.
Billionaires increased their new billions just as millions of other Americans ran into terrible financial problems. More than 20 million people lost their jobs at the start of the pandemic. Food banks across the country are preparing for another great increase in demand. Why are American billionaires doing so well while so many other Americans suffer People may find part of the reasons from the following fact. Stocks (股票) are overwhelmingly owned by the wealthy, and the stock market has recovered from its early-pandemic depths much more quickly than other parts of the economy.
......
What does the author mainly tell us in the passage
A．Food banks are not enough in the United States.
B．The richest kept getting richer even in the pandemic.
C．The stock market recovered before the pandemic started.
D．400 richest people recovered from losses in the pandemic.
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“But in the coronavirus recession of 2020, most billionaires have gotten richer than ever before.”（但在2020年的冠状病毒衰退中，大多数亿万富翁比以往任何时候都更富有。）可知，文章主要是讲最富有的人在疫情中也变得越来越富有。故选B。
【变式3】（2022年江苏高三校考）
Light pollution is a significant but overlooked driver of the rapid decline of insect populations, according to the most comprehensive review of the scientific evidence to date.
Artificial light at night can affect every aspect of insects' lives, the researchers said. "We strongly believe artificial light at night — in combination with habitat loss, chemical pollution.invasive (入侵的) species, and climate change — is driving insect declines, " the scientists concluded after assessing more than 150 studies.
Insect population collapses have been reported around the world, and the first global scientific review published in February, said widespread declines threatened to cause a "catastrophic collapse of nature's ecosystems".
There are thought to be millions of insect species, most still unknown to science, and about half are active at night. Those active in the day may also be disturbed by light at night when they are at rest.
The most familiar impact of light pollution is moths (飞蛾) flapping around a bulb, mistaking it for the moon. Some insects use the polarisation of light to find the water they need to breed, as light waves line up after reflecting from a smooth surface. But artificial light can scupper (使泡汤) this. Insects are important prey (猎物) for many species, but light pollution can tip the balance in favour of the predator if it traps insects around lights. Such increases in predation risk were likely to cause the rapid extinction of affected species, the researchers said.
The researchers said most human-caused threats to insects have analogues in nature, such as climate change and invasive species. But light pollution is particularly hard for insects to deal with.
However, unlike other drivers of decline, light pollution is relatively easy to prevent. Simply turning off lights that are not needed is the most obvious action, he said, while making lights motion-activated also cuts light pollution. Shading lights so only the area needed is lit up is important. It is the same with avoiding blue-white lights, which interfere with daily rhythms. LED lights also offer hope as they can be easily tuned to avoid harmful colours and flicker rates.
What is discussed in the passage
A．Causes of declining insect populations.
B．Consequences of insect population collapses.
C．Light pollution: the key bringer of insect declines.
D．Insect declines: the driver of the collapsed ecosystem.
【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意题。由文章总领段第一段“Light pollution is a significant but overlooked driver of the rapid decline of insect populations, according to the most comprehensive review of the scientific evidence to date.(根据对迄今为止的科学证据进行的最全面的回顾，光污染是昆虫数量迅速下降的一个重要但被忽视的驱动因素)”，结合下文内容主要围绕介绍光污染对昆虫减少的影响展开可知，本文主要讨论昆虫数量下降的原因。故选C项。
（2023年新高考I卷）
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
......
What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A．The methods of estimation. B．The underlying logic of the effect.
C．The causes of people’s errors. D．The design of Galton’s experiment.
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and come to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. (这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，或者低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生更准确的估计。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，估计的准确性就会下降)”可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计，讨论了独立估计的平均如何由于误差的消除而产生更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。
（2023年高考浙江卷）
According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed(安装)has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them.
Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven’t given much thought to what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.
“Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE)project. “They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫).
Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms.
Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape,” says Macknick.
32．What do solar developers often ignore
A．The decline in the demand for solar energy.
B．The negative impact of installing solar panels.
C．The rising labor cost of building solar farms.
D．The most recent advances in solar technology.
33．What does InSPIRE aim to do
A．Improve the productivity of local farms.
B．Invent new methods for controlling weeds.
C．Make solar projects environmentally friendly.
D．Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas.
34．What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4
A．To conserve pollinators. B．To restrict solar development.
C．To diversify the economy. D．To ensure the supply of energy.
35．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Pollinators: To Leave or to Stay B．Solar Energy: Hope for the Future
C．InSPIRE: A Leader in Agriculture D．Solar Farms: A New Development
【答案】32．B 33．C 34．A 35．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是用一种更加友好的方式建立一种新型的太阳能农场，这种新型的农场更有利于保护各种传粉昆虫，从而促进农业的发展。
32．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.(通常，他们最终会用小石头填满该地区，并使用化学物质来控制杂草。结果是，许多社区，特别是在农业地区，将太阳能农场视为土壤的破坏者。)”可知，太阳能开发者采用不环保的方式处理太阳能板安装后产生的问题，导致人们把太阳能农场看作是土壤的破坏者，由此可以推断，开发者在安装太阳能板后忽略了其带来的负面影响。故选B项。
33．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land.(InSPIRE正在研究“低影响”太阳能开发的实用方法，其重点是以对土地更友好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场。)”可知，InSPIRE采用有好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场，也就是使得太阳能农场更加环保。故选C项。
34．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use.(超过28个州通过了与传粉媒介栖息地保护和农药使用有关的法律。)”可知，这些法律都是与保护传粉者栖息地和农药使用相关，所以这些法律的目的是保护授粉者。故选A项。
35．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction.(在过去的几年里，许多太阳能农场开发商将太阳能电池板下的空间改造成各种传粉媒介的庇护所，从而改善了土壤并减少了碳排放。)”可知，现在的太阳能农场在过去的几年里已经得到了很大的发展，更重要的是太阳能农场也变得更加的环保，这将是未来发展农业的新趋势，再结合全文对太阳农场的发展过程的介绍可以判断，本文主题是介绍太阳能农场。故选D项。
3.（浙江省义乌五校2023-2024学年高三联考试题）
The conventional wisdom about insects has been that they are unthinking, unfeeling creatures whose behavior is entirely hardwired (天生的). But in the 1990s researchers began making surprising discoveries about insect minds. Some species of wasps (黄蜂) recognize their nest mates’ faces and acquire impressive social skills. For example, they can infer the fighting strengths of other wasps relative to their own just by watching other wasps fight among themselves.
Given the substantial work on the complexity of insect cognition (认知), it might seem surprising that it took scientists so long to ask whether, if they are that smart, could also be sentient, capable of feeling. Since we have no direct window into the inner world of an animal that cannot verbally communicate its thoughts and feelings, the question of whether insects are sentient remained academic.
15 years ago, I performed an experiment in which we asked whether bumblebees could learn about t hreat from their natural enemies. We built a plastic spider model with a mechanism that would briefly trap a bumblebee between two sponges before releasing it. The bumblebees showed a significant change in their behavior after being attacked by the robotic spider. Perhaps unsurprisingly, they learned to avoid flowers with spiders and meticulously scanned every flower before landing. Curiously, however, they some times even fled from imaginary threats, scanning and then abandoning a perfectly safe, spider-free flower. Although this incidental observation did not constitute formal ev idence of an emotionlike state, it did open the door to the idea that such states might exist in insects.
Some research suggested that insects might have positive states of mind. Researchers discovered that bees actively seek out drugs such as nicotin e and caffein e when given the choice and even treat themselves with nicotin e when sick. Male fruit flies stressed by being robbed of mating opportunities prefer food containing alcohol, and bees even show withdrawal symptoms when removed from an alcohol-rich diet.
Why would insects consume mind-altering substances if there isn't a mind to alter But these suggestive hints of negative and positive mind states still fell short of what was needed to demonstrate that insects are sentient.
What does the text mainly discuss
A．What insects' various behavior can reveal.
B．How insects communicate their thoughts.
C．What amazing powers insects possess.
D．Whether insects are capable of feeling.
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Given the substantial work on the complexity of insect cognition, it might seem surprising that it took scientists so long to ask whether, if they are that smart, could also be sentient, capable of feeling.(考虑到对昆虫认知复杂性的大量研究，科学家们花了这么长时间才提出这样的问题，如果它们真的那么聪明，它们是否也有知觉，能够感知，这似乎令人惊讶)”及全文内容可知，文章探讨了昆虫是否也有感受这个问题。故选D项。
4.（江苏省决胜新高考2023-2024学年高三10月大联考）
......
Assuming alcohol does enhance the likelihood of a person interacting with someone they find attractive. Bowdring believes her findings could reveal one process supporting the rewarding yet potentially dangerous nature of alcohol - including its impact on risky behaviour.
“If you’re going to consume alcohol, I think it is worth reflecting on how can you do it in a way that’s safe and consistent with your goals,” Bowdring said. “People may benefit by recognizing that valued social motivations and intentions change when drinking, in ways that may be appealing in the short term but possibly harmful in the long term.”
What does Bowdring mainly talk about in the last paragraph
A．The significance of her research.
B．Reflection on her previous research.
C．The negative effects of drinking.
D．Social morality and standards.
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。根据尾段中的“People may benefit by recognizing that valued social motivations and intentions change when drinking, in ways that may be appealing in the short term but possibly harmful in the long term.(人们可能会受益于认识到有价值的社会动机和意图在饮酒时发生了变化，这种变化可能在短期内吸引人，但从长远来看可能有害。)”可知，Bowdring认为，人们意识到了有价值的社会动机和意图在饮酒后会发生改变，从短期看来，人们会受益于此，但在长远看，这可能是有害的，结合尾端的首句““If you’re going to consume alcohol, I think it is worth reflecting on how can you do it in a way that’s safe and consistent with your goals,” Bowdring said.(鲍德林说:“如果你打算喝酒，我认为值得思考的是，如何以一种既安全又符合你目标的方式喝酒。”)”可知，Bowdring建议人们要思考一下，如何以一种既安全又符合你目标的方式喝酒，综合以上信息可知，最后一段讲述的应是这项研究的意义。故选A项。
5.（安徽省合肥市第一中学2023-2024学年高三质检试题）
In the late 1990s, a scientist named Mark Blumberg stood in a lab at the University of Iowa watching a few sleeping newlyborn rats. He found that the baby rats kept making small, sharp movements in their sleep, and that their closed eyes moved from side to side in a phenomenon known as rapid eye movement (REM). Blumberg knew that the rats were fine, because he knew people do the same during REM sleep. And scientists have long had an explanation for the twitches (抽动) and REM: They are dreaming about their waking life.
However, as he dug deeper, he wondered why adult rats spend only about two hours of each night in REM sleep, while baby rats spend an unusual amount of time in REM, often sleeping for sixteen hours a day and dreaming for eight.
“If dreams are hints of waking life, adult rats who have more experiences should spend more time in REM sleep. Why do baby rats, whose eyes are still shut, spend so much time in REM sleep when they have too little to dream about ” he wondered. “Why do their eyes, their legs, tails and whiskers move hundreds of thousands of times during their sleep ”
In the end, Blumberg concluded that it might be the other way around — perhaps the movements were sending signals to the brain to help it learn about the body.
“You wouldn’t think that the body is something a brain needs to learn,” he wrote in a paper. “But we aren’t born with maps of our bodies. We can’t be, because our bodies change by the day. But in waking life, we cannot move only a single muscle. Even the simplest act of swallowing (吞咽) employs more than thirty pairs of nerves and muscles working together. Our small and sharp movements in sleep, by contrast, are exact and precise: They involve muscles one at a time. In other words, such movements allow the muscles and nerves to form one-to-one connections that otherwise would be impossible. It’s a process that’s most important for the brain to learn about the body as we grow, suffer injuries and learn new skills.
12．What was the previous explanation for REM
A．It was just an outward sign of dreams.
B．It showed the difficulty in sleeping.
C．It was an indicator of terrible dreams.
D．It only occured to sleeping baby rats.
13．What can be learned from paragraph 2
A．Baby rats have to spend all night in REM sleep.
B．REM sleep just accounts for part of the sleeping time.
C．It is unnecessary for baby rats to sleep 16 hours a day.
D．It is not enough for adults to have two hours of REM sleep.
14．What is a feature of the movements in REM sleep according to Mark Blumberg
A．They teach the brain new skills and heal injuries.
B．Muscles have to work together to start the movements.
C．Each of them just involves a muscle and a nerve at a time.
D．They are less exact and precise than our daily movements.
15．What is the text mainly about
A．The importance of REM sleep.
B．The latest discoveries about dreaming.
C．The relationship between dreams and waking life.
D．A different explanation for the twitches during sleep.
【答案】12．A 13．B 14．C 15．D
【导语】主旨大意题。根据第四段“In the end, Blumberg concluded that it might be the other way around — perhaps the movements were sending signals to the brain to help it learn about the body.”（最后，布鲁姆伯格得出结论，情况可能恰恰相反——也许这些动作向大脑发送信号，帮助它了解身体。）可知，本文主要是介绍了马克·布鲁姆伯格在二十世纪九十年代末，对动物在睡眠时的身体抽动及眼球快速转动的不同见解。D项“睡眠中抽搐的另一种解释”符合文意。故选D项。
6.（河北省石家庄市2023-2024学年石家庄市一中高三试题）We usually hear the term addiction used when talking about drugs or alcohol. But researchers are finding that certain foods can trigger(引发)the same feelings as drugs. It all comes down to what’s happening in the brain. When we feel a happy rush, it’s due to a flood of the feel-good chemical in our brain. Drugs and alcohol can cause a similar high. So, it turns out, can some popular snack foods.
“We’re designed to find carbohydrates(碳水化合物)and fats reinforcing,” says Ashley Gearhardt. She’s a psychologist. “Evolving(进化)such tastes helped our ancestors overcome famine when we couldn’t find enough to eat and make sure we survive.” she explains. That critical role shaped the brain’s reward system, making us hard-wired to enjoy carbohydrates and fatty foods.
The problem isn’t with all foods containing carbohydrates and fats. Fruit is full of sugar. Oats and other whole grains have lots of carbohydrates. Nuts and meat have fat. But such unprocessed foods eaten in a form that’s similar to how they grew-also contain other nutrients, such as fiber, that slow digestion. That limits how quickly our bodies can absorb the nutrients. Cookies, candy, soda, fries and other highly processed foods lack those additional nutrients. Such foods contain ingredients that have been highly changed from their natural state. They’re full of easy-to-absorb carbohydrates and added fats. What’s more, they often contain ingredients that don’t naturally occur together. “Sugar and fat don’t come together in nature,” Gearhardt says. But highly processed foods often “have unnaturally high levels of both carbohydrates and fat.” When we cat these foods, we get a quick “hit” of carbohydrates and fats that give the brain a boost That makes us want to eat them again and again.
“Pay attention to what you eat,” Gearhardt says. “It’s best to get plenty of nutritious foods for your mind and body. That doesn’t mean you can`t have a donut or pizza now and then. Just be sure you’re aware of what you’re eating.”
8．What directly makes us happy according to paragraph 1
A．Addiction to foods. B．Snack foods.
C．Chemical in our brain. D．Some alcohol.
9．What does the underlined word “famine“ in paragraph 2 mean
A．A lack of food B．A lot of difficulty.
C．Enemies D．Diseases.
10．What do we know about carbohydrates and fats
A．Cookies have less carbohydrates and fats.
B．Unprocessed foods have more carbohydrates and fats.
C．Humans are born to be tired of carbohydrates and fats.
D．Processed foods have unnatural carbohydrates and fats.
11．What is the best title for the text
A．Be Aware of Unprocessed Food B．Avoid Unprocessed Food
C．Eating Habits D．Shake Food Addiction
【答案】8．B 9．A 10．D 11．D
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍最近的一项分析表明，一些加工食品中的某些成分可能会让人上瘾，并建议我们不要对加工食物成瘾。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段“But researchers are finding that certain foods can trigger(引发)the same feelings as drugs. It all comes down to what’s happening in the brain. When we feel a happy rush, it’s due to a flood of the feel-good chemical in our brain. Drugs and alcohol can cause a similar high. So, it turns out, can some popular snack foods.(但研究人员发现，某些食物可以引发与药物相同的感觉。这一切都归结于大脑中发生的事情。当我们感到快乐时，这是由于我们大脑中大量的感觉良好的化学物质。毒品和酒精也能引起类似的兴奋。事实证明，一些受欢迎的零食也可以。)”可知，零食可以使我们快乐。故选B。
9．词义猜测题。根据第二段“‘We’re designed to find carbohydrates(碳水化合物)and fats reinforcing,’ says Ashley Gearhardt. She’s a psychologist. ‘Evolving(进化)such tastes helped our ancestors overcome famine when we couldn’t find enough to eat and make sure we survive.” she explains. (我们的目的是发现碳水化合物和脂肪的强化作用，”阿什利·吉尔哈特说。她是个心理学家。“当我们找不到足够的食物时，进化出的这种口味帮助我们的祖先克服了famine，确保了我们的生存。)”可知，人们找不到食物时会发生饥荒，famine是缺少食物，故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段“But highly processed foods often “have unnaturally high levels of both carbohydrates and fat.” When we cat these foods, we get a quick “hit” of carbohydrates and fats that give the brain a boost That makes us want to eat them again and again. (但高度加工的食品通常“碳水化合物和脂肪含量都高得不自然”。当我们吃这些食物时，我们会迅速吸收碳水化合物和脂肪，它们会促进大脑的运转，让我们想要一次又一次地吃它们。)”可知，加工食品含有非天然的碳水化合物和脂肪。故选D。
11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“But researchers are finding that certain foods can trigger(引发)the same feelings as drugs. (但研究人员发现，某些食物可以引发与药物相同的感觉。)”以及最后一段“‘Pay attention to what you eat,’ Gearhardt says. ‘It’s best to get plenty of nutritious foods for your mind and body. That doesn’t mean you can`t have a donut or pizza now and then. Just be sure you’re aware of what you’re eating.’（‘注意你吃的东西，’吉尔哈特说。‘最好为你的身心准备充足的营养食物。这并不意味着你不能偶尔吃个甜甜圈或披萨。只要确保你知道你在吃什么。’）”可知，文章主要介绍最近的一项分析表明，一些加工食品中的某些成分可能会让人上瘾，建议我们不要对加工食物成瘾，本文的最佳标题是摆脱食物成瘾，故选D。
7. （河北省新时代NT教育2023-2024学年高三试题）
As we all know, insects can be remarkably agile (灵活的) in flight. This is really hard to build into flying robots, but MIT Assistant Professor Kevin Yufeng Chen has developed an insect—sized drone (无人机) that approaches insects’ agility.
Typically, drones require wide open spaces. “If we look at most drones today, they’re usually quite big,” says Chen. “Most of their applications involve flying outdoors. The question is: Can you create an insect-sized drone that can move around in very crowded and complex spaces ”
According to Chen, he overcame many problems when building the drone. The insect-sized drone requires a fundamentally different construction from a larger one. The large drone is usually powered by a motor, but the motor loses efficiency as you shrink it. So, Chen says, “For an insect-sized drone, you need to look for alternatives.” The principal alternative until now has been employing a small, rigid actuator (执行器) built from new materials. Chen designed a more agile tiny drone using soft actuators instead of hard ones.
Each actuator can beat nearly 500 times per second and weighs just 0.6 gram, approximately the mass of a large bee. It gives the drone insect-like agility. “You can hit it when it’s flying, and it can recover,” says Chen. “It can also turn over in the air.” The drone looks a bit like a tiny cassette tape with wings, though Chen is also working on a new one shaped like a dragonfly.
Chen says his drone can be useful in industry and agriculture. It can perform machinery inspections to ensure safety and function. Its potential applications include completing search-and-rescue missions following a disaster. “All those things can be very difficult for existing large-scale drones,” Chen explains. Sometimes, bigger isn’t better.
12．What is the disadvantage of the conventional drones
A．They cost too much. B．They can only fly indoors.
C．Their construction is unstable. D．They are too large to enter narrow spaces.
13．What is the function of the actuator designed by Chen
A．To power the insect-sized drone.
B．To make the new drone less flexible.
C．To make the new drone easily turn over.
D．To shape the new drone into a dragonfly.
14．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．Safety standards of the new drone. B．Possible applications of the new drone.
C．Potential risks of the new drone. D．Design concept of the new drone.
15．Which is the best title for the text
A．An Insect-like Small Drone
B．The Future of Insect-sized Drones
C．How Drones Will Change the Industry
D．What Problems Drone Development Are Facing
【答案】12．D 13．A 14．B 15．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了麻省理工学院助理教授Chen研发出一款像昆虫一样的无人机。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段“Typically, drones require wide open spaces. ‘If we look at most drones today, they’re usually quite big,’ says Chen. ‘Most of their applications involve flying outdoors. The question is: Can you create an insect-sized drone that can move around in very crowded and complex spaces ’(通常，无人机需要广阔的开放空间。‘如果我们看看今天的大多数无人机，它们通常都很大，’Chen说。‘它们的大部分应用都涉及户外飞行。问题是：你能制造出一架昆虫大小的无人机，让它在非常拥挤和复杂的空间里移动吗？’)”可知，传统无人机的缺点是它们太大，无法进入狭窄的空间。故选D项。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“The large drone is usually powered by a motor, but the motor loses efficiency as you shrink it. So, Chen says, ‘For an insect-sized drone, you need to look for alternatives.’ The principal alternative until now has been employing a small, rigid actuator (执行器) built from new materials. Chen designed a more agile tiny drone using soft actuators instead of hard ones.(大型无人机通常由电机驱动，但当你缩小它时，电机就会失去效率。因此，Chen说：‘对于昆虫大小的无人机，你需要寻找替代品。’到目前为止，主要的替代方案是使用一种由新材料制成的小型刚性驱动器。Chen设计了一种更灵活的微型无人机，使用软驱动器而不是硬驱动器)”可知，Chen设计的驱动器的功能是为昆虫大小的无人机提供动力。故选A项。
14．主旨大意题。根据最后一段的内容“Chen says his drone can be useful in industry and agriculture. It can perform machinery inspections to ensure safety and function. Its potential applications include completing search-and-rescue missions following a disaster. ‘All those things can be very difficult for existing large-scale drones,’ Chen explains. Sometimes, bigger isn’t better.(Chen说他的无人机在工业和农业上都很有用。它可以进行机械检查，以确保安全和功能。它的潜在应用包括完成灾难后的搜索和救援任务。‘所有这些对于现有的大型无人机来说都是非常困难的，’Chen解释说。有时候，越大并不代表越好)”可知，最后一段主要是说Chen研制的新型无人机在不同行业的应用。故选B项。
15．主旨大意题。本文介绍了像昆虫一样的无人机的发明、特点以及应用等，所以用A项“An Insect-like Small Drone”作为本文的题目，与文章主题相符合。故选A。
8. （2024届辽宁省本溪市高中高三一模试题）Vehicles on our roads are now mostly petrol and diesel (柴油) cars, but their days cannot continue for much longer. A recent university study found that current electric cars could be used for 87 percent of daily car journeys in the US. That figure could rise to 98 percent by 2020.
One hurdle to the widespread adoption of electric cars has been “range anxiety” — drivers’ concerns about running out of electricity on a journey. While petrol stations are conveniently located across national road systems, the necessary network of electric charging stations is still being developed. That said, charging points are becoming increasingly common throughout the USA．
Attitudes towards electric vehicles have changed greatly over the last few years. Not that long ago, electric cars were met with distrust, and their high prices drove customers away. Thanks to improvements in battery capacity, recharging times, performance and price, the current generation of electric cars are starting to persuade picky consumers. Plug-in cars will soon give internal combustion engine (内燃机) models a run for their money.
As well as development on the road, electric vehicles are taking to the seas and skies. Electric boats are among the oldest methods of electric travel, having enjoyed several decades of popularity from the late 19th to the early 20th century before petrol-powered outboard motors took over. Now, the global drive for renewable energy sources is bringing electric boats back. Steps towards electric air travel are also being made, with Airbus and NASA among the organizations developing and testing battery-powered planes. The experiments could soon make commercial (商业的) electric flight a reality.
Electric vehicles do not produce any emissions (排放). If the US could replace 87 percent of its cars with electric vehicles, it would reduce the national demand for petrol by 61 percent. However, because of the production processes and the generation of electricity required to charge these vehicles, they cannot claim (声称) to be completely emission-free. That said, as many countries continue to increase their use of renewable energy sources, electric vehicles will become even cleaner.
24．The underlined word “hurdle” in Paragraph 2 probably means __________.
A．aim B．difficulty C．result D．step
25．Why did many people refuse to buy the electric cars in the past
A．They were very poorly made. B．They were not widely promoted.
C．They were expensive. D．They couldn’t travel at a high speed.
26．What is the function of Paragraph 4
A．To introduce the history of electric travel.
B．To explain why the world needs more electric cars.
C．To show why more people have interest in electric cars.
D．To describe different ways electric vehicles can be used.
27．Which is the best title for this passage
A．Driving into a Cleaner Future B．History of Electric Cars
C．Problems with Petrol and Diesel Cars D．Best Means of Transportation
【答案】24．B 25．C 26．D 27．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了汽油和柴油汽车虽然仍然主宰着我们的道路，但很快会被电动车辆所替代。电动汽车不产生任何排放物，随着在陆路方面的进步，电动汽车正朝着海洋和天空方向发展，而未来的车辆一定是电动时代。
24．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“One hurdle to the widespread adoption of electric cars has been “range anxiety”—drivers’ concerns about running out of juice on a journey. (电动汽车被广泛采用的一个hurdle是“里程焦虑”——驾驶者担心在旅途中电量耗尽)”可知，“驾驶员担心在旅途中耗尽电能”是电动汽车的缺点，这是电动汽车普及的一个“障碍，难关”。由此可知，hurdle与difficulty意思一致。故选B。
25．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Not that long ago, electric cars met with distrust, and their high prices drove customers away. (不久前，电动汽车遭遇了不信任，高昂的价格让消费者望而却步)”可知，过去很多人拒绝购买电动汽车是因为人们认为电动车太贵了不值得买。故选C。
26．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“As well as development on the road, electric vehicles are taking to the seas and skies. Electric boats are among the oldest methods of electric travel, having enjoyed several decades of popularity from the late 19th to the early 20th century before petrol-powered outboard motors took over. Now, the global drive for renewable energy sources is bringing electric boats back. Steps towards electric air travel are also being made, with Airbus and NASA among the organizations developing and testing battery-powered planes. (除了在道路上的进步，电动汽车也正在走向海洋和天空。电动船是最古老的电动交通工具之一，从19世纪末到20世纪初，在汽油动力的舷外发动机接管之前，电动船已经流行了几十年。现在，全球对可再生能源的推动正在使电动船回归。电动飞机的发展也在取得进展，空客和美国国家航空航天局都在开发和测试电池驱动的飞机)”可知，电动交通工具以不同的方式出现在陆路，海上及空中。由此推知，第四段的作用是描述电动交通工具的不同的用途。故选D。
27．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Vehicles on our roads are now mostly petrol and diesel(柴油)cars, but their days cannot continue for much longer. A recent university study found that current electric cars could be used for 87 percent of daily car journeys in the US. That figure could rise to 98 percent by 2020. (汽油和柴油车可能仍然主宰着我们的道路，但它们的日子屈指可数了。一项最近的大学研究发现，目前美国87%的日常汽车出行可以使用电动汽车。到2020年，这一数字可能上升到98%。)”和第四段中的“As well as development on the road, electric vehicles are taking to the seas and skies.(除了在公路上的发展，电动汽车正在走向海洋和天空。)”和其它内容可知，汽油和柴油交通工具可能仍然主宰着我们的道路，但很快会被电动交通工具所替代，而未来的交通工具一定是更清洁的电动时代。由此可知，A项“驶入更清洁的未来”适合作本文最佳标题。故选A。
9. （2024届辽宁省沈阳市浑南区东北育才学校一模试题）Scientists at MIT have managed to change ordinary spinach (菠菜) plants into natural sensors which can find chemicals used in bombs. The secret to giving spinach these special powers is nanotech (纳米技术), which is scientific area that deals with making or changing things that are extremely tiny.
“Ordinary spinach plants can be found everywhere and easy to store; like other plants, they normally take in carbon dioxide gas,” the scientists say. “But actually they can sense small changes of soil and water potential and respond to them. If we tap into this point, there is a wealth of information to access.” That’s what the scientists use to power their tiny experiments.
For this experiment, the scientists placed two different kinds of tiny nano-materials into spinach plants. To get them into the plants, the scientists put a liquid containing them on the bottom of the plant’s leaves. As part of its natural process, the spinach plant pulls water through its roots and into its leaves. If the water contains certain chemicals used in bombs, the tiny sensors in the leaves make the nano-tubes, which, along with the sensors, were placed into the spinach plant before by the scientists, produce a slightly special kind of light. By watching the plant constantly using a camera attached to a cheap computer, the scientists set up a system that can send a warning email if chemicals from explosives are found in the water.
The computer the scientists used is about the size of a playing card. They say that in the future, their system could even use a cell phone with its camera changed slightly. Discovering chemicals used in bombs is just one of the many uses the researchers are exploring. They have used such plants to discover several other dangerous chemicals as well. From their point of view, there’s no doubt that in the future, such systems could give farmers specific information about the health of the land and water on their farms.
8．Why do the scientists use plants to do the experiment
A．They are common in the daily life. B．They are environmentally responsive.
C．They absorb much carbon dioxide gas. D．They are small in size and easy to store.
9．What’s the function of the carbon nano-tubes placed into spinach plants
A．To control the camera. B．To contain the liquid.
C．To fix the tiny sensors. D．To give off plant light.
10．What can we say about the application of the experiment
A．It’s diverse. B．It’s unexpected. C．It’s limited. D．It’s cheap.
11．What’s the suitable title for the text
A．Spinach Is Sensitive to Chemicals in Bombs
B．Spinach Sends Warning Emails Using Nanotech
C．Nanotech Helps Spinach Grov Healthily
D．Nanotech Protects Spinach from Danger
【答案】8．B 9．D 10．A 11．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了麻省理工学院的科学家们使用纳米技术将菠菜变成了天然传感器，可以在水中发现爆炸物中的化学物质，并发送警告电子邮件。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段““But actually they can sense small changes of soil and water potential and respond to them. If we tap into this point, there is a wealth of information to access.” That’s what the scientists use to power their tiny experiments.(“但实际上，它们可以感知土壤和水势的微小变化并做出反应。如果我们深入了解这一点，就会有丰富的信息可供获取。”这就是科学家们用来为他们的微小实验提供动力的东西)”可知，科学家们使用植物做实验是因为它们可以感知环境的微小变化，对环境做出反应。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段“If the water contains certain chemicals used in bombs, the tiny sensors in the leaves make the nano-tubes, which, along with the sensors, were placed into the spinach plant before by the scientists, produce a slightly special kind of light.(如果水中含有炸弹中使用的某些化学物质，那么叶子中的微小传感器就会使得碳纳米管和之前被科学家放入菠菜中的传感器产生一种稍微特殊的光)”可知，科学家将碳纳米管放入菠菜中，如果水中含有炸弹中使用的某些化学物质，植物就会发出特殊的光。故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据第四段“Discovering chemicals used in bombs is just one of the many uses the researchers are exploring. They have used such plants to discover several other dangerous chemicals as well. From their point of view, there’s no doubt that in the future, such systems could give farmers specific information about the health of the land and water on their farms.(发现炸弹中使用的化学物质只是研究人员正在探索的众多用途之一。他们还利用这些植物发现了其他几种危险的化学物质。从他们的角度来看，毫无疑问，在未来，这样的系统可以为农民提供有关农场土地和水健康的具体信息)”可知，这一实验可应用的范围非常广，是多种多样的。故选A。
11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Scientists at MIT have managed to change ordinary spinach plants into natural sensors which can find chemicals used in bombs.(麻省理工学院的科学家们成功地将普通的菠菜植物变成了天然传感器，可以找到炸弹中使用的化学物质)”以及第三段“By watching the plant constantly using a camera attached to a cheap computer, the scientists set up a system that can send a warning email if chemicals from explosives are found in the water.(通过不断使用连接在廉价电脑上的摄像头观察植物，科学家们建立了一个系统，如果在水中发现爆炸物中的化学物质，可以发送警告电子邮件)”可知，本文主要介绍了科学家使用纳米技术将菠菜变成了天然传感器，可以在水中发现爆炸物中的化学物质，并发送警告电子邮件，所以“菠菜使用纳米技术发送警告电子邮件”可以作为文章标题。故选B。
10. （浙江省名校新高考研究联盟）
Having spent more than a decade on the dance floor, ROME — Niccolo Filippi, a 23-year-old Italian dance performer, recently decided to explore Chinese culture and its traditional dance forms and believes that this experience will not only boost his career, but also broaden his horizons beyond the world of dance.
His interest in diversifying his skills grew after he stumbled upon a short video of traditional Chinese-styled dance on YouTube. “I saw it as an art that combines tradition and modernity, which was mostly the reason why I liked it,” says Filippi.
Ever since, he has been closely following Chinese dance performers and watching numerous videos to learn more about the traditional style that he admires. “I prefer the traditional style because of its light movements. It also reflects my personality with elegance,” he adds.
Filippi’s chance came when he was invited to perform for a Chinese New Year celebration in the central Italian city of Florence. He has since fully committed himself to the art form, learning several pieces and putting his newfound passion into practice.
“The biggest difference that I found (compared to other disciplines) is the change of mood and emotional expressions among dances,” says Filippi, adding that he needed to shift from the dynamic moves of hip-hop to the graceful and fluid movements of Chinese dance. Despite various obstacles, Filippi’s efforts have not gone unnoticed. Two of his friends shared videos of his performances on social media, and the response was overwhelming. One video garnered 500,000 views, while the other received 200,000 views.
Filippi believes that learning about different cultures is priceless, and he sees it as a means of personal growth. “I like to think of a person as a book,” he says. “Embracing different traditions and cultures, such as Chinese culture and many others, is like adding new chapters to my book, making it more diverse and wonderful.”
24．What is the main reason why Filippi falls in love with traditional Chinese dance
A．Its potential to boost his career. B．Its mix of traditional and modern elements.
C．Its graceful and light movements. D．Its true reflection of his elegant personality.
25．How does the author illustrate the popularity of Filippi’s videos
A．By listing numbers. B．B阅读理解主旨大意题
目 录
01 易错陷阱（3大陷阱）
02 举一反三
【易错点提醒一】标题类易混易错点
【易错点提醒二】段落大意类易混易错点
【易错点提醒三】文章大意类易混易错点
03 易错题通关
易错陷阱1：标题类易混易错点。
【分析】
标题类是对中心思想的加工和提炼，可以是单词、短语、也可以是句子。她的特点是短小精悍，多为短语；涵盖性、精确性强；不能随意改变语言表达的程度和色彩。如果是短语类选项，考生容易混淆重点，此时应当先划出选项的关键词。
此类题和文章的中心主题句有很大关系。中心主题句一般出现在第一段，有时第一段也可能引出话题，此时应当重点关注第二段和最后一段，看看是否会出现首尾呼应。
易错陷阱2：段落大意类易混易错点。
【分析】 每个段落都有一个中心思想，通常会在段落的第一句或最后一句体现，这就是段落主题句。如果没有明显的主题句时，应当根据段落内容概括处段落大意。有时考生还会找错文章对应位置，盲目选词文中相同的词句，而出现文不对题的现象。
易错陷阱3：文章大意类易混易错点。
【分析】确定文章主旨的方法是：先看首尾段或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括。如，议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词语，记叙文中寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词。文中出现不同观点时，要牢记作者的观点彩色体现全文中心的。此时，要注意转折词，如：but, however, yet, in spite of, on the contrary等。
【易错点提醒一】 标题类易混易错点
【例1】 （浙江省义乌五校2023-2024学年高三联考试题）
The scientist’s job is to figure out how the world works, to “torture (拷问)” Nature to reveal her secrets, as the 17th century philosopher Francis Bacon described it. But who are these people in the lab coats (or sports jackets, or T-shirts and jeans) and how do they work It turns out that there is a good deal of mystery surrounding the mystery-solvers.
“One of the greatest mysteries is the question of what it is about human beings — brains, education, culture etc. that makes them capable of doing science at all,” said Colin Allen, a cognitive scientist at Indiana University.
Two vital ingredients seem to be necessary to make a scientist: the curiosity to seek out mysteries and the creativity to solve them. “Scientists exhibit a heightened level of curiosity,” reads a 2007 report on scientific creativity. “They go further and deeper into basic questions showing a passion for knowledge for its own sake.” Max Planck, one of the fathers of quantum physics, once said, the scientist “must have a vivid and intuitive imagination, for new ideas are not generated by deduction (推论), but by an artistically creative imagination.”
......
ong as our best technology for seeing inside the brain requires subjects to lie nearly motionless while surrounded by a giant magnet, we’re only going to make limited pro gress on these questions,” Allen said.
What is a suitable title for the text
Who Are The Mystery-solvers
B．Scientists Are Not Born But Made
C．Great Mystery: What Makes A Scientist
D．Solving Mysteries: Inside A Scientist's Mind
【变式1】（山东省曲阜师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年质量检测）
Perhaps you think you could easily add to your happiness with more money. Strange as it may seem, if you're unsatisfied, the issue is not a lack of means to meet your desires but a lack of desires — not that you cannot satisfy your tastes but that you don't have enough tastes.
Real riches consist of well-developed and hearty capacities (能力) to enjoy life. Most people are already swamped (淹没) with things. They eat, wear, go and talk too much. They live in too big a house with too many rooms, yet their house of life is a hut.
Your house of life ought to be a mansion (豪宅) , a royal palace. Every new taste, every additional interest, every fresh enthusiasm adds a room. Here are several rooms your house of life should have.
Art should be a desire for you to develop simply because the world is full of beautiful things. If you only understood how to enjoy them and feed your spirit on them, they would make you as happy as to find plenty of hamburgers and eggs when you're hungry.
Literature, classic literature, is a beautiful, richly furnished room where you might find many an hour of rest and refreshment. To gain that love would go toward making you a rich person, for a rich person is not someone who has a library but who likes a library.
Music like Mozart's and Bach's shouldn't be absent. Real riches are of the spirit. And when you've brought that spirit up to where classical music feeds it and makes you a little drunk, you have increased your thrills and bettered them. And life is a matter of thrills.
Sports, without which you remain poor, mean a lot in life. No matter who you are, you would be more human, and your house of life would be better supported against the bad days, if you could, and did, played a bit.
Whatever rooms you might add to your house of life, the secret of enjoying life is to keep adding.
What would be the best title for the passage
A．House of Life B．Secret of Wealth
C．Rest and Refreshment D．Interest and Enthusiasm
【变式2】（安徽省皖江名校联盟2023年高三联考）
Well, to pick up where we left off last time. I’m certain that you know all too well the dangers hiding on the World Wide Web. And whether it’s for schoolwork, entertainment, or just socializing with friends, the Internet will surely be a major part of your child’s life. So, it’s important to secure their online stays.
It’s not the easiest thing, but keeping open lines of communication is primary. Let them know they can share their online activities with you. Talk to them about their online presence as early as possible, ideally before they begin to use email, social media, or a smartphone. Discuss what they find interesting online and learning from them about popular websites and apps; this will create understanding and allow you to identify potential risks.
Next, monitor without spying. Most kids learn to understand boundaries, like respecting others’ personal space, or not opening the cookie jar without asking. Internet use is no different. It’s helpful for kids to have ground rules as to which websites they can visit,which apps they can use, and what they can share online. Remind them that if they feel uneasy with anything that occurs online, they need to alert an adult immediately.
......
What is the best title for the text
A．What Is Hidden on the Net B．How to Make Online Stays
C．Be a Smarter Internet User D．Keep Your Kids Safe Online
【变式3】（福建省泉州科技中学2023年高三试题）
Stuck inside his room at an assisted living center, Bob Coleman knew he could not go out in public with the epidemic (疫). But he was not cut off from outside: he shared his love for country music over the Internet. “Hello, everybody. It’s a bright day in Tennessee,” he said into his microphone. “This is Bob Coleman, coming to you from Room3325…”. Then Coleman began to play the music he loves-hits from country music stars. The 88-year-old carefully chooses each song.
Coleman and several other retirees have turned into DJs (流行音乐播音员), for a new online radio hour known as “Radio Recliner.” A marketing company called Luckie came up with the idea of Radio Recliner. Listeners can send song requests in honor of family or friends. For example, listeners might hear a message like this: “Hey, Granny. This is your favorite granddaughter Amy. We just wanted to call in and say we love you.” The 60-minute show started with retirees in middle Tennessee. It has since expanded, with residents of assisted-living centers in other states taking part in the project. Many jumped at the chance to work as a DJ to ease the loneliness of social distancing rules.
Mitch Bennett serves as Luckie’s chief creative officer. He says the idea was to provide a sense of community to older people. “For this generation, radio was the original social media,” Bennett said, “Dedicating a song to someone you love and having them hear it along with everyone else is a special way of connecting.”
In Georgia, 80-year-old Ed Rosenblatt, who had made full preparations for his show, said an hour he spent playing songs on Radio Recliner resulted in a flood of text messages, emails and calls from family and friends, and many of the messages were from people he had not heard from for years.
What’s the best title for the text
A．Older Adults Need More Care During the Epidemic
B．Older Adults, Stuck by the Epidemic, Turn Into DJs
C．Older Adults Were Busy With Music During the Epidemic
D．Older Adults, Stuck by the Epidemic, Show Music Talents
【易错点提醒二】 段落大意类易混易错点
【例2】 （江苏省徐州市第七中学2023年高三期中试题）
As a kid growing up in a suburb of London. I loved to go looking for the perfect park bench. Some Sunday mornings, my dad could be persuaded to drive to new parks. We’d have a kick-around with a soccer ball, share a bag of Doritos and check out all the benches in the area, reading the words on them.
The good park bench leaves me in a state, somewhere between nostalgia (怀旧) and eager anticipation. Where once I was excited by the words carved on wood, I now find, as a 10-year-old, that I’m more appreciative of each bench’s quiet stoicism (坦然淡定), the way they are willing to wait out their turn in every weather, remaining available to all-comers. Like a good book or piece of music, a park bench allows for a sense of solitude (独处) and community at the same time, which is crucial to life in a great city.
Part of my obsession with park benches is as spaces where history settles. By planting seeds of curiosity, and making space for reflection, park benches become doors to the past. Maybe that’s the greatest power of the park bench: its capacity encourages the art of observation. A good bench catches us in our quietest, most vulnerable (脆弱的) moments, when we may be open to imagining new narratives and revisiting old ones. Our masks are taken off, hung from the bench’s wrought iron. On other nearby benches, babies are being burped. Glances exchanged. Sandwiches eaten. Newspapers read it .
......
Which aspect of park benches does paragraph 3 focus on
A．Design. B．History. C．Location. D．Power.
【变式1】（重庆市第八中学2023-2024学年高考适应性试题）
The Yurok people have lived along the Klamath River, which flows from the Cascades in Oregon southwest through Northern California, for thousands of years, protecting the region and river from which they — and others — draw sustenance (生计).
But as development and pollution continue to reduce the number of fish in the river and the quantity and quality of its waters, the Yurok Tribe is legalizing (合法化) the tribe’s longstanding care by granting the Rights of Personhood to the Klamath, the first river in North America to have such rights declared.
......
What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The process of legalization. B．The tradition of Yurok tribe.
C．The reason behind the legalization. D．The importance of the Klamath River.
【变式2】（江苏省决胜新高考2023-2024学年高三10月大联考）
The term “beer goggles” is said to have been coined by male North American university students in the 1980s. Yet despite unconfirmed evidence for the phenomenon, the link between alcohol intoxication (醉酒) and physical attraction has not been systematically studied.
Prof Bowdring of the University of Pittsburgh invited 18 pairs of male friends into the laboratory to rate the attractiveness of men and women they viewed in photos and videos. On one occasion, both men were given enough cranberry juice to raise their blood alcohol concentration to about 0.08% - the legal limit for driving in England — and on the other occasion, they both received a non-alcoholic drink. After providing attractiveness ratings for the photos, they were asked to select which of these individuals they would most like to interact with in a future experiment.
......
What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A．The comparison of two experiments.
B．The process of Bowdring’s experiment.
C．The underlying logic of beer goggles effect.
D．The methods of appreciating attractiveness.
【变式3】（广东省珠海市第三中学2023年高三试题）
......
In my twenties, when I was almost constantly in a state of anxiety, I never went on holiday. I was scared of flying, scared of my boss noticing how much nicer life was without me in the office. I thought not going on holiday made me a harder worker,when actually it just made me a more tired one. Then, a boss pulled me aside to tell me that he wasn’t going to thank me for not taking my holidays. I then booked a cheap beach holiday with a friend, and was genuinely amazed to find I felt much better for it.
......
What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A．The benefit the author obtained from travelling.
B．The source of the author’s stress during office hours.
C．The change of the author’s attitude to taking holidays.
D．The reason why the author tried to be a harder worker.
【易错点提醒三】 文章大意类易混易错点
【例3】（江苏省徐州市第七中学2023年高三期中试题）
New bio-plastics are being made in laboratories from straw, wood chips and food waste, with researchers aiming to replace oil as the source of the world’s plastic.
The new approaches include genetically modifying bacteria to eat wood and produce useful chemicals. But the bio-plastics are currently significantly more expensive to make than fossil fuel-based plastics.
Land and seas around the world, from high mountains to deep oceans, have become polluted with plastic, prompting major public concern. The world has produced 8bn tons of plastic since the 1950s and demand is still rising.
While some waste plastic is recycled, much of it is burnt to produce electricity, resulting in carbon emissions that drive climate change. In contrast to plastic made from oil, plastics made from plant-based materials only release the carbon the plants absorbed from the air as they grew. Bio-plastics will also give more options for products that biodegrade (生物降解) in the environment, although they can be made very long-lasting if required.
“Plastics are an incredible enhancement to our daily lives,” said Paul Mines, CEO of Biome Technologies in the UK, which has spent t5m in the last five years on bio-plastics research. “But we can’t go on using fossil fuel-based materials. About 6-7% of every barrel (桶) of oil is used to make plastics.”
“Using plant materials is feasible,” said professor Simon, at the University of York. “Replacing half of the nation’s plastic bottles could be done using just 3% of the sugar beet crop, 5% of wheat straw or 2.5% of food waste,” he said.
Currently, just a few thousand tons of bio-plastic are used in the UK each year, compared to millions of tons of conventional plastic. Mines said this could rise to about 20,000 tons in the next five years.
......
What is the main idea of the passage
A．Plastics arc necessary in daily life. B．Oil is the source of the world’s plastic.
C．Bioplastic making is a promising industry. D．Scientists are researching bioplastic making.
【变式1】（福建省福州高级中学2023-2024学年高三10月试题）
A trial project by the Montreal Children’s Hospital suggested that the use of medical hypnosis (催眠) can reduce pain and anxiety in patients. The project also resulted in a reduction in the amount of medicines used to perform medical-imaging imaging(医学影像) procedures.
“During the examination children don’t move. It works perfectly. It’s amazing,” said Johanne L’Ecuyer, a medical-imaging technologist at the hospital.
The project was inspired by a French team from Rouen University Hospital Centre where examinations are done under hypnosis instead of general anesthesia (麻醉).
A French medical-imaging technologist-also a hypnotist-was invited to train a few members in the medical-imaging department of the children’s hospital. In all, 80 examinations were conducted for the project between January and September, 2019, focusing on the imaging procedures that would cause anxiety.
......
What is the passage mainly about
A．An easy way to communicate with patients.
B．The standard method of conducting hypnosis.
C．An introduction of medical-imaging technology.
D．The use of hypnosis in medical-imaging procedures.
【变式2】（2023年全国高三专练）
In previous recessions (经济衰退), billionaires were hit along with the rest of us; it took almost three years for Forbes’s 400 richest people to recover from losses caused in 2008’s Great Recession. But in the coronavirus recession of 2020, most billionaires have gotten richer than ever before.
Billionaires increased their new billions just as millions of other Americans ran into terrible financial problems. More than 20 million people lost their jobs at the start of the pandemic. Food banks across the country are preparing for another great increase in demand. Why are American billionaires doing so well while so many other Americans suffer People may find part of the reasons from the following fact. Stocks (股票) are overwhelmingly owned by the wealthy, and the stock market has recovered from its early-pandemic depths much more quickly than other parts of the economy.
......
What does the author mainly tell us in the passage
A．Food banks are not enough in the United States.
B．The richest kept getting richer even in the pandemic.
C．The stock market recovered before the pandemic started.
D．400 richest people recovered from losses in the pandemic.
【变式3】（2022年江苏高三校考）
Light pollution is a significant but overlooked driver of the rapid decline of insect populations, according to the most comprehensive review of the scientific evidence to date.
Artificial light at night can affect every aspect of insects' lives, the researchers said. "We strongly believe artificial light at night — in combination with habitat loss, chemical pollution.invasive (入侵的) species, and climate change — is driving insect declines, " the scientists concluded after assessing more than 150 studies.
Insect population collapses have been reported around the world, and the first global scientific review published in February, said widespread declines threatened to cause a "catastrophic collapse of nature's ecosystems".
There are thought to be millions of insect species, most still unknown to science, and about half are active at night. Those active in the day may also be disturbed by light at night when they are at rest.
The most familiar impact of light pollution is moths (飞蛾) flapping around a bulb, mistaking it for the moon. Some insects use the polarisation of light to find the water they need to breed, as light waves line up after reflecting from a smooth surface. But artificial light can scupper (使泡汤) this. Insects are important prey (猎物) for many species, but light pollution can tip the balance in favour of the predator if it traps insects around lights. Such increases in predation risk were likely to cause the rapid extinction of affected species, the researchers said.
The researchers said most human-caused threats to insects have analogues in nature, such as climate change and invasive species. But light pollution is particularly hard for insects to deal with.
However, unlike other drivers of decline, light pollution is relatively easy to prevent. Simply turning off lights that are not needed is the most obvious action, he said, while making lights motion-activated also cuts light pollution. Shading lights so only the area needed is lit up is important. It is the same with avoiding blue-white lights, which interfere with daily rhythms. LED lights also offer hope as they can be easily tuned to avoid harmful colours and flicker rates.
What is discussed in the passage
A．Causes of declining insect populations.
B．Consequences of insect population collapses.
C．Light pollution: the key bringer of insect declines.
D．Insect declines: the driver of the collapsed ecosystem.
（2023年新高考I卷）
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
......
What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A．The methods of estimation. B．The underlying logic of the effect.
C．The causes of people’s errors. D．The design of Galton’s experiment.
（2023年高考浙江卷）
According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed(安装)has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them.
Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven’t given much thought to what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.
“Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE)project. “They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫).
Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms.
Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape,” says Macknick.
32．What do solar developers often ignore
A．The decline in the demand for solar energy.
B．The negative impact of installing solar panels.
C．The rising labor cost of building solar farms.
D．The most recent advances in solar technology.
33．What does InSPIRE aim to do
A．Improve the productivity of local farms.
B．Invent new methods for controlling weeds.
C．Make solar projects environmentally friendly.
D．Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas.
34．What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4
A．To conserve pollinators. B．To restrict solar development.
C．To diversify the economy. D．To ensure the supply of energy.
35．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Pollinators: To Leave or to Stay B．Solar Energy: Hope for the Future
C．InSPIRE: A Leader in Agriculture D．Solar Farms: A New Development
3.（浙江省义乌五校2023-2024学年高三联考试题）
The conventional wisdom about insects has been that they are unthinking, unfeeling creatures whose behavior is entirely hardwired (天生的). But in the 1990s researchers began making surprising discoveries about insect minds. Some species of wasps (黄蜂) recognize their nest mates’ faces and acquire impressive social skills. For example, they can infer the fighting strengths of other wasps relative to their own just by watching other wasps fight among themselves.
Given the substantial work on the complexity of insect cognition (认知), it might seem surprising that it took scientists so long to ask whether, if they are that smart, could also be sentient, capable of feeling. Since we have no direct window into the inner world of an animal that cannot verbally communicate its thoughts and feelings, the question of whether insects are sentient remained academic.
15 years ago, I performed an experiment in which we asked whether bumblebees could learn about t hreat from their natural enemies. We built a plastic spider model with a mechanism that would briefly trap a bumblebee between two sponges before releasing it. The bumblebees showed a significant change in their behavior after being attacked by the robotic spider. Perhaps unsurprisingly, they learned to avoid flowers with spiders and meticulously scanned every flower before landing. Curiously, however, they some times even fled from imaginary threats, scanning and then abandoning a perfectly safe, spider-free flower. Although this incidental observation did not constitute formal ev idence of an emotionlike state, it did open the door to the idea that such states might exist in insects.
Some research suggested that insects might have positive states of mind. Researchers discovered that bees actively seek out drugs such as nicotin e and caffein e when given the choice and even treat themselves with nicotin e when sick. Male fruit flies stressed by being robbed of mating opportunities prefer food containing alcohol, and bees even show withdrawal symptoms when removed from an alcohol-rich diet.
Why would insects consume mind-altering substances if there isn't a mind to alter But these suggestive hints of negative and positive mind states still fell short of what was needed to demonstrate that insects are sentient.
What does the text mainly discuss
A．What insects' various behavior can reveal.
B．How insects communicate their thoughts.
C．What amazing powers insects possess.
D．Whether insects are capable of feeling.
4.（江苏省决胜新高考2023-2024学年高三10月大联考）
......
Assuming alcohol does enhance the likelihood of a person interacting with someone they find attractive. Bowdring believes her findings could reveal one process supporting the rewarding yet potentially dangerous nature of alcohol - including its impact on risky behaviour.
“If you’re going to consume alcohol, I think it is worth reflecting on how can you do it in a way that’s safe and consistent with your goals,” Bowdring said. “People may benefit by recognizing that valued social motivations and intentions change when drinking, in ways that may be appealing in the short term but possibly harmful in the long term.”
What does Bowdring mainly talk about in the last paragraph
A．The significance of her research.
B．Reflection on her previous research.
C．The negative effects of drinking.
D．Social morality and standards.
5.（安徽省合肥市第一中学2023-2024学年高三质检试题）
In the late 1990s, a scientist named Mark Blumberg stood in a lab at the University of Iowa watching a few sleeping newlyborn rats. He found that the baby rats kept making small, sharp movements in their sleep, and that their closed eyes moved from side to side in a phenomenon known as rapid eye movement (REM). Blumberg knew that the rats were fine, because he knew people do the same during REM sleep. And scientists have long had an explanation for the twitches (抽动) and REM: They are dreaming about their waking life.
However, as he dug deeper, he wondered why adult rats spend only about two hours of each night in REM sleep, while baby rats spend an unusual amount of time in REM, often sleeping for sixteen hours a day and dreaming for eight.
“If dreams are hints of waking life, adult rats who have more experiences should spend more time in REM sleep. Why do baby rats, whose eyes are still shut, spend so much time in REM sleep when they have too little to dream about ” he wondered. “Why do their eyes, their legs, tails and whiskers move hundreds of thousands of times during their sleep ”
In the end, Blumberg concluded that it might be the other way around — perhaps the movements were sending signals to the brain to help it learn about the body.
“You wouldn’t think that the body is something a brain needs to learn,” he wrote in a paper. “But we aren’t born with maps of our bodies. We can’t be, because our bodies change by the day. But in waking life, we cannot move only a single muscle. Even the simplest act of swallowing (吞咽) employs more than thirty pairs of nerves and muscles working together. Our small and sharp movements in sleep, by contrast, are exact and precise: They involve muscles one at a time. In other words, such movements allow the muscles and nerves to form one-to-one connections that otherwise would be impossible. It’s a process that’s most important for the brain to learn about the body as we grow, suffer injuries and learn new skills.
12．What was the previous explanation for REM
A．It was just an outward sign of dreams.
B．It showed the difficulty in sleeping.
C．It was an indicator of terrible dreams.
D．It only occured to sleeping baby rats.
13．What can be learned from paragraph 2
A．Baby rats have to spend all night in REM sleep.
B．REM sleep just accounts for part of the sleeping time.
C．It is unnecessary for baby rats to sleep 16 hours a day.
D．It is not enough for adults to have two hours of REM sleep.
14．What is a feature of the movements in REM sleep according to Mark Blumberg
A．They teach the brain new skills and heal injuries.
B．Muscles have to work together to start the movements.
C．Each of them just involves a muscle and a nerve at a time.
D．They are less exact and precise than our daily movements.
15．What is the text mainly about
A．The importance of REM sleep.
B．The latest discoveries about dreaming.
C．The relationship between dreams and waking life.
D．A different explanation for the twitches during sleep.
6.（河北省石家庄市2023-2024学年石家庄市一中高三试题）We usually hear the term addiction used when talking about drugs or alcohol. But researchers are finding that certain foods can trigger(引发)the same feelings as drugs. It all comes down to what’s happening in the brain. When we feel a happy rush, it’s due to a flood of the feel-good chemical in our brain. Drugs and alcohol can cause a similar high. So, it turns out, can some popular snack foods.
“We’re designed to find carbohydrates(碳水化合物)and fats reinforcing,” says Ashley Gearhardt. She’s a psychologist. “Evolving(进化)such tastes helped our ancestors overcome famine when we couldn’t find enough to eat and make sure we survive.” she explains. That critical role shaped the brain’s reward system, making us hard-wired to enjoy carbohydrates and fatty foods.
The problem isn’t with all foods containing carbohydrates and fats. Fruit is full of sugar. Oats and other whole grains have lots of carbohydrates. Nuts and meat have fat. But such unprocessed foods eaten in a form that’s similar to how they grew-also contain other nutrients, such as fiber, that slow digestion. That limits how quickly our bodies can absorb the nutrients. Cookies, candy, soda, fries and other highly processed foods lack those additional nutrients. Such foods contain ingredients that have been highly changed from their natural state. They’re full of easy-to-absorb carbohydrates and added fats. What’s more, they often contain ingredients that don’t naturally occur together. “Sugar and fat don’t come together in nature,” Gearhardt says. But highly processed foods often “have unnaturally high levels of both carbohydrates and fat.” When we cat these foods, we get a quick “hit” of carbohydrates and fats that give the brain a boost That makes us want to eat them again and again.
“Pay attention to what you eat,” Gearhardt says. “It’s best to get plenty of nutritious foods for your mind and body. That doesn’t mean you can`t have a donut or pizza now and then. Just be sure you’re aware of what you’re eating.”
8．What directly makes us happy according to paragraph 1
A．Addiction to foods. B．Snack foods.
C．Chemical in our brain. D．Some alcohol.
9．What does the underlined word “famine“ in paragraph 2 mean
A．A lack of food B．A lot of difficulty.
C．Enemies D．Diseases.
10．What do we know about carbohydrates and fats
A．Cookies have less carbohydrates and fats.
B．Unprocessed foods have more carbohydrates and fats.
C．Humans are born to be tired of carbohydrates and fats.
D．Processed foods have unnatural carbohydrates and fats.
11．What is the best title for the text
A．Be Aware of Unprocessed Food B．Avoid Unprocessed Food
C．Eating Habits D．Shake Food Addiction
7. （河北省新时代NT教育2023-2024学年高三试题）
As we all know, insects can be remarkably agile (灵活的) in flight. This is really hard to build into flying robots, but MIT Assistant Professor Kevin Yufeng Chen has developed an insect—sized drone (无人机) that approaches insects’ agility.
Typically, drones require wide open spaces. “If we look at most drones today, they’re usually quite big,” says Chen. “Most of their applications involve flying outdoors. The question is: Can you create an insect-sized drone that can move around in very crowded and complex spaces ”
According to Chen, he overcame many problems when building the drone. The insect-sized drone requires a fundamentally different construction from a larger one. The large drone is usually powered by a motor, but the motor loses efficiency as you shrink it. So, Chen says, “For an insect-sized drone, you need to look for alternatives.” The principal alternative until now has been employing a small, rigid actuator (执行器) built from new materials. Chen designed a more agile tiny drone using soft actuators instead of hard ones.
Each actuator can beat nearly 500 times per second and weighs just 0.6 gram, approximately the mass of a large bee. It gives the drone insect-like agility. “You can hit it when it’s flying, and it can recover,” says Chen. “It can also turn over in the air.” The drone looks a bit like a tiny cassette tape with wings, though Chen is also working on a new one shaped like a dragonfly.
Chen says his drone can be useful in industry and agriculture. It can perform machinery inspections to ensure safety and function. Its potential applications include completing search-and-rescue missions following a disaster. “All those things can be very difficult for existing large-scale drones,” Chen explains. Sometimes, bigger isn’t better.
12．What is the disadvantage of the conventional drones
A．They cost too much. B．They can only fly indoors.
C．Their construction is unstable. D．They are too large to enter narrow spaces.
13．What is the function of the actuator designed by Chen
A．To power the insect-sized drone.
B．To make the new drone less flexible.
C．To make the new drone easily turn over.
D．To shape the new drone into a dragonfly.
14．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．Safety standards of the new drone. B．Possible applications of the new drone.
C．Potential risks of the new drone. D．Design concept of the new drone.
15．Which is the best title for the text
A．An Insect-like Small Drone
B．The Future of Insect-sized Drones
C．How Drones Will Change the Industry
D．What Problems Drone Development Are Facing
8. （2024届辽宁省本溪市高中高三一模试题）Vehicles on our roads are now mostly petrol and diesel (柴油) cars, but their days cannot continue for much longer. A recent university study found that current electric cars could be used for 87 percent of daily car journeys in the US. That figure could rise to 98 percent by 2020.
One hurdle to the widespread adoption of electric cars has been “range anxiety” — drivers’ concerns about running out of electricity on a journey. While petrol stations are conveniently located across national road systems, the necessary network of electric charging stations is still being developed. That said, charging points are becoming increasingly common throughout the USA．
Attitudes towards electric vehicles have changed greatly over the last few years. Not that long ago, electric cars were met with distrust, and their high prices drove customers away. Thanks to improvements in battery capacity, recharging times, performance and price, the current generation of electric cars are starting to persuade picky consumers. Plug-in cars will soon give internal combustion engine (内燃机) models a run for their money.
As well as development on the road, electric vehicles are taking to the seas and skies. Electric boats are among the oldest methods of electric travel, having enjoyed several decades of popularity from the late 19th to the early 20th century before petrol-powered outboard motors took over. Now, the global drive for renewable energy sources is bringing electric boats back. Steps towards electric air travel are also being made, with Airbus and NASA among the organizations developing and testing battery-powered planes. The experiments could soon make commercial (商业的) electric flight a reality.
Electric vehicles do not produce any emissions (排放). If the US could replace 87 percent of its cars with electric vehicles, it would reduce the national demand for petrol by 61 percent. However, because of the production processes and the generation of electricity required to charge these vehicles, they cannot claim (声称) to be completely emission-free. That said, as many countries continue to increase their use of renewable energy sources, electric vehicles will become even cleaner.
24．The underlined word “hurdle” in Paragraph 2 probably means __________.
A．aim B．difficulty C．result D．step
25．Why did many people refuse to buy the electric cars in the past
A．They were very poorly made. B．They were not widely promoted.
C．They were expensive. D．They couldn’t travel at a high speed.
26．What is the function of Paragraph 4
A．To introduce the history of electric travel.
B．To explain why the world needs more electric cars.
C．To show why more people have interest in electric cars.
D．To describe different ways electric vehicles can be used.
27．Which is the best title for this passage
A．Driving into a Cleaner Future B．History of Electric Cars
C．Problems with Petrol and Diesel Cars D．Best Means of Transportation
9. （2024届辽宁省沈阳市浑南区东北育才学校一模试题）Scientists at MIT have managed to change ordinary spinach (菠菜) plants into natural sensors which can find chemicals used in bombs. The secret to giving spinach these special powers is nanotech (纳米技术), which is scientific area that deals with making or changing things that are extremely tiny.
“Ordinary spinach plants can be found everywhere and easy to store; like other plants, they normally take in carbon dioxide gas,” the scientists say. “But actually they can sense small changes of soil and water potential and respond to them. If we tap into this point, there is a wealth of information to access.” That’s what the scientists use to power their tiny experiments.
For this experiment, the scientists placed two different kinds of tiny nano-materials into spinach plants. To get them into the plants, the scientists put a liquid containing them on the bottom of the plant’s leaves. As part of its natural process, the spinach plant pulls water through its roots and into its leaves. If the water contains certain chemicals used in bombs, the tiny sensors in the leaves make the nano-tubes, which, along with the sensors, were placed into the spinach plant before by the scientists, produce a slightly special kind of light. By watching the plant constantly using a camera attached to a cheap computer, the scientists set up a system that can send a warning email if chemicals from explosives are found in the water.
The computer the scientists used is about the size of a playing card. They say that in the future, their system could even use a cell phone with its camera changed slightly. Discovering chemicals used in bombs is just one of the many uses the researchers are exploring. They have used such plants to discover several other dangerous chemicals as well. From their point of view, there’s no doubt that in the future, such systems could give farmers specific information about the health of the land and water on their farms.
8．Why do the scientists use plants to do the experiment
A．They are common in the daily life. B．They are environmentally responsive.
C．They absorb much carbon dioxide gas. D．They are small in size and easy to store.
9．What’s the function of the carbon nano-tubes placed into spinach plants
A．To control the camera. B．To contain the liquid.
C．To fix the tiny sensors. D．To give off plant light.
10．What can we say about the application of the experiment
A．It’s diverse. B．It’s unexpected. C．It’s limited. D．It’s cheap.
11．What’s the suitable title for the text
A．Spinach Is Sensitive to Chemicals in Bombs
B．Spinach Sends Warning Emails Using Nanotech
C．Nanotech Helps Spinach Grov Healthily
D．Nanotech Protects Spinach from Danger
10. （浙江省名校新高考研究联盟）
Having spent more than a decade on the dance floor, ROME — Niccolo Filippi, a 23-year-old Italian dance performer, recently decided to explore Chinese culture and its traditional dance forms and believes that this experience will not only boost his career, but also broaden his horizons beyond the world of dance.
His interest in diversifying his skills grew after he stumbled upon a short video of traditional Chinese-styled dance on YouTube. “I saw it as an art that combines tradition and modernity, which was mostly the reason why I liked it,” says Filippi.
Ever since, he has been closely following Chinese dance performers and watching numerous videos to learn more about the traditional style that he admires. “I prefer the traditional style because of its light movements. It also reflects my personality with elegance,” he adds.
Filippi’s chance came when he was invited to perform for a Chinese New Year celebration in the central Italian city of Florence. He has since fully committed himself to the art form, learning several pieces and putting his newfound passion into practice.
“The biggest difference that I found (compared to other disciplines) is the change of mood and emotional expressions among dances,” says Filippi, adding that he needed to shift from the dynamic moves of hip-hop to the graceful and fluid movements of Chinese dance. Despite various obstacles, Filippi’s efforts have not gone unnoticed. Two of his friends shared videos of his performances on social media, and the response was overwhelming. One video garnered 500,000 views, while the other received 200,000 views.
Filippi believes that learning about different cultures is priceless, and he sees it as a means of personal growth. “I like to think of a person as a book,” he says. “Embracing different traditions and cultures, such as Chinese culture and many others, is like adding new chapters to my book, making it more diverse and wonderful.”
24．What is the main reason why Filippi falls in love with traditional Chinese dance
A．Its potential to boost his career. B．Its mix of traditional and modern elements.
C．Its graceful and light movements. D．Its true reflection of his elegant personality.
25．How does the author illustrate the popularity of Filippi’s videos
A．By listing numbers. B．By giving an example.
C．By sharing a story. D．By making a comparison.
26．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．Filippi thinks little of learning from other cultures.
B．People prefer to write down their past experiences.
C．Accepting various cultures boosts personal growth.
D．A book with chapters on traditions is more wonderful.
27．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Chinese-styled dance videos go viral on social media.
B．An Italian’s dance journey towards specialization starts.
C．Filippi’s desire for Chinese culture extends beyond dance.
D．An Italian dancer shows passion for Chinese-styled dance.
11. （2024届福建省三明市等5地高三一模试题）
A robot created at Standford University is diving down to shipwrecks (沉船) in a way that humans can’t do. Known as OceanOneK, the robot allows its operators to feel like they’re underwater explorers, too.
OceanOneK resembles (像) a human diver from the front, with arms, hands and eyes that capture the underwater world in full color. The back of the robot has computers and eight multidirectional thrusters (推进器) that help it carefully explore the sites of fragile shipwrecks. When an operator at the ocean’s surface uses controls to direct OceanOneK, the robot’s touch-based feedback system causes the person to feel the water’s resistance.
The idea for OceanOneK came from a desire to study coral reefs in the Red Sea at depths beyond the normal range for divers. While OccanOneK was designed to reach maximum depths of 656 feet, researchers had a new goal:1 kilometer, hence the new name for OceanOneK. The researchers changed the robot’s body by using special foam to increase buoyancy (浮力) and fight the pressures of 1, 000 meters more than 100 times what humans experience at sea level. OceanOneK also got two new types of hands and increased arm and head motion.
During OceanOneK’s deep dive in February, team members discovered the robot couldn’t rise when they stopped for a thruster check. Flotations on the communications and power line had collapsed, causing the line to pile on the top of the robot.
OceanOneK’s descent was a success. It dropped off a memorial marker on the seabed that reads, “A robot’s first touch of the deep seafloor — A vast new world for humans to explore.” Khatib, a professor, called the experience an “incredible journey.” “This is the first time that a robot has been capable of going to such a depth, interacting with the environment, and permitting the human operator to feel that environment,” he said.
8．What can we learn about OceanOneK
A．Its eyes are colorful.
B．It functions automatically.
C．It looks like its operator from the front.
D．It is remotely controlled to explore underwater.
9．How does the author develop the third paragraph
A．By listing data. B．By raising questions.
C．By reasoning and analyzing. D．By presenting an argument.
10．What does the underlined words “descent” mean in the last paragraph
A．Successful operation. B．Deep diving.
C．Pressure resistance. D．Flexible exploration.
11．What is a suitable title for the text
A．A Creative Explorer B．The Ambitious Exploration
C．A Self-driven Seeker — A Robot D．A Deep-Sea Explorer — OceanOneK
12.（福建省宁德第一中学2023-2024学年高三检测试题）
Several years ago, Jason Box, a scientist from Ohio, flew 31 giant rolls of white plastic to a glacier (冰川) in Greenland. He and his team spread them across 10,000 feet of ice, then left. His idea was that the white blanket would reflect back the rays of the sun, keeping the ice cool below. When he came back to check the results, he found it worked. Exposed ice had melted faster than covered ice. He had not only saved two feet of glacier in a short time. No coal plants were shut down, no jobs were lost, and nobody was taxed or fired. Just the sort of fix we’re looking for.
“Thank you, but no thank you.” says Ralph King, a climate scientist. He told Grey Childs. author and commentator, that people think technology can save the planet, “but there are other things we need to deal with, like consumption. They burned $50,000 just for the helicopter” to bring the plastic to the glacier. This experiment, quote-unquote, gives people false hope that climate change can be fixed without changing human behavior. It can’t. Technology won’t give us a free ride.
Individuals respond to climate change differently. Climatologist Kelly Smith is hardly alone in her prediction that someday soon we won’t be climate victims, we will be climate Choosers. More scientists agree with her that if the human race survives. The engineers will get smarter, the tools will get better, and one day we will control the climate. but that then “Just the mention of us controlling the climate sent a small shiver down my back, Grey writes.” “Something sounded wrong about stopping ice by our own will,” he says.
Me I like it better when the earth takes care of itself, I guess one day we will have to run the place, but for the moment, sitting at my desk, looking out at the trees bending wildly and the wind howling, I’m happy not to be in charge.
12．Why does the author mention Jason Box’s experiment in the first paragraph
A．To introduce a possible solution to climate change.
B．To describe a misleading attempt to fix the climate.
C．To report on a successful experiment on saving the glacier.
D．To arouse people’s attention to the problem of global warming.
13．Which statement would Ralph King most probably agree with
A．The fight against climate change will not succeed.
B．Technology is not the final solution, let alone its high cost.
C．It’s best to deal with climate change without changing our behavior.
D．Jason’s experiment plays a significant role in fixing climate change.
14．What is Grey Childs’s attitude to human’s controlling the climate
A．Favorable B．Tolerant C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.
15．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．But should we fix the climate
B．Is climate change a real problem
C．How can we take care of the earth
D．What if all the glaciers disappeared
13.（河北省保定市重点高中2023-2024学年高三试题）
In 2020, Pink launched the World Regret Survey, the largest survey on the topic ever undertaken. With his research team, Pink asked more than 15, 000 people in 105 countries, “How often do you look back on your life and wish you had done things differently ” Most of them said regret was at least an occasional part of their life. Roughly 21 percent said they felt regretful all the time. Only 1 percent said they never felt regretful.
If you are of the “no regrets” school of life, you may think that all this regret is a recipe for unhappiness. But that isn’t the case. Letting yourself be overwhelmed by regret is indeed bad for you. But going to the other extreme may be even worse. To extinguish your regrets doesn’t free you from shame or sorrow but causes you to make the same mistakes again and again. To truly get over our guilt requires that we put regret in its proper place.
Uncomfortable as it is, regret is an amazing cognitive feat. It requires that you go back to a past scene. Imagine that you acted differently to change it, and with that new scene in mind, arrive at a different present-and then, compare that fictional present with the one you are experiencing in reality. Not all regrets are the same, of course. Pink says they come in four basic varieties, and an instance of regret may involve just one combination.
Many connection regrets overlap (重叠) with moral regrets, which can come about after you go against your own values. For example, you may pride yourself on being a loving person, and thus regret not living up to this image in the relationship you harmed, Moral regrets can also involve just yourself. Maybe you regret not living up to your commitment to your health when you ate a whole pizza or skipped the gym.
If not analyzed and managed, any variety of regret can be harmful to your well-being. Regret is linked to depression and anxiety, and excessive regret can adversely affect your immune system. But regret doesn’t have to be put aside and ignored.
28．What could be concluded from Pink’s research
A．Half of the people felt regretful. B．Most people lived without regrets.
C．None could live a life without regrets. D．The majority of the people had regrets.
29．What does the underlined word “extinguish” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Admit. B．Destroy. C．Treasure. D．Encounter.
30．What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A．The harm of moral regrets.
B．The importance of commitment.
C．The relationship between regrets and values.
D．The connection between reality and imagination.
31．What might the author continue talking about
A．Types of regrets. B．Causes of regrets.
C．Benefits of experiencing regrets. D．Ways of dealing with regrets.
14.（福建省厦门第二中学2023-2024年高三试题）
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What makes modern science uniquely powerful is its refusal to believe that it already possesses ultimate truth. The reliability of science is based not on certainty but on a complete absence of certainty. As John Stuart Mill wrote in “On Liberty” in 1859, “The beliefs which we have most warrant (依据) for, have no safeguard to rest on, but a standing invitation to the whole world to prove them unfounded.”
......
What is the main idea of paragraph 4
A．It is unwise to believe in science.
B．Too much uncertainty lies in science.
C．The foundation of science is unfounded.
D．The lack of certainty makes science credible.
15.（辽宁省朝阳市辽宁名校2023-2024学年高三试题）
Gelje Sherpa was leading a Chinese climber up Mount Qomolangma when he spotted a Malaysian climber in need of help, and the two men then abandoned the summit (顶峰) in order to rescue the Malaysian climber. They were in the “death zone”, an area near the summit of Mount Qomolangma where temperatures are extremely low and where there isn’t enough oxygen to breathe.
The Malaysian climber had “nothing” and was on the brink (边缘) of death. Gelje recalled that no one was helping him, no friends, no oxygen, no Sherpas with him and no guides. Stopping at an altitude where the body was rapidly deteriorating (恶化) and where many deaths occur was quite dangerous for him. However, other climbers and guides just focused on the summit, so that they didn’t notice the Malaysian climber’s state.
According to Nepali officials, 12 people have died, and five are missing on Qomolangma as the spring climbing season comes to an end. Gelje, the Sherpa, said there were a few likely reasons why this season has been so deadly. The weather has been poor and extremely cold, and some climbers lack experience or sufficient training for such a high altitude.
Gelje was guiding a Chinese climber to the summit when he made the decision that they would abandon their journey to save the Malaysian climber.
It was nearly an impossible task: Gelje had to secure the climber to his back and carry him down 600 meters for about six hours before another guide joined the rescue. They then took turns carrying the climber, wrapped in a sleeping mat, sometimes having to drag him through the snow, before reaching a helicopter that carried them down to base camp.
The rescue, which took place on May 18, 2023, was massively challenging. Gelje has previously carried out more than 55 rescues during his work as a guide, some very long operations, but he said the rescue was the hardest in his life.
4．When did Gelje meet the climber in danger
A．During the journey back to base camp. B．On the way to the top of the mount.
C．During the rest in the “death zone”. D．After climbing the summit.
5．Why did others ignore the climber in need of help
A．They only cared about their arrival at the summit.
B．They lacked experience of helping people.
C．They were at a dangerous altitude.
D．They didn’t know the climber.
6．What do we know about Gelje from the text
A．He’s an experienced coach. B．He’s careful and skilled at climbing.
C．He’s a rescue worker on Qomolangma. D．He’s irresponsible for the climber he led.
7．What can be the best title for the text
A．A Hard Rescue for a Climber B．A Difficult Task from a Guide
C．A “Death Zone” Blocking Climbers D．A Sad Decision to Give Up Climbing

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