资源简介

(共29张PPT)
2024.1浙江首考
完形填空简析
目录
Part 1 试题、考点分析
Part 2 解题策略
Part 3 备考建议
While taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in the northwestern China, I had the kind of humbling, educational, and above all else, wonderful ___41___ with a local that all travelers long for. A young Chinese man ___42___ me on the train. My ___43___ friend spoke virtually no English, so I happily took the ___44___ to practice my Chinese.
Over several hours he would tell me about how he had ___45___ a two-year professional school to quickly find a job ___46___ highways in order to help support his family. Perhaps most ___47___, however, was the fact that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor. Without batting an eye he would ___48___ a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American ___49___ as a whole. “And what do you all learn about Russian authors ” I ___50___ him asking at one point.
It would have been easy to ___51___ my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home. But this highly informed, ___52___, and admirable person prevented me doing so. In the course of a couple of hours, he ___53___ me just how much one can gain from ___54___ with an open mind, and a willingness to ___55___ with locals from all walks of life.
41. A. experiment B. encounter C. competition D. appointment
42. A. treated B. saved C. lectured D. approached
43. A. true B. so-called C. new D. long-lost
44. A. chance B. advice C. trouble D. right
45. A. visited B. financed C. attended D. founded
46. A. building B. sweeping C. checking D. guarding
47. A. typical B. obvious C. natural D. remarkable
48. A. publish B. quote С. copy D. download
49. A. writers B. historians C. workers D. students
50. A. anticipate B. imagine C. recall D. catch
51. A. look into B. rely on C. go over D. deal with
52. A. well-behaved B. multi-skilled C. warm-hearted D. self-educated
53. A. asked B. warned C. showed D. promised
54. A. traveling B. reading C. searching D. teaching
55. A. cooperate B. side C. negotiate D. engage
Part 1 试题、考点分析
【试题分析】
本文是一篇描述一段不寻常火车之旅的记叙文，属于“人与社会”主题语境下的“跨文化沟通”主题群，也涉及“人与自我”主题语境下的“生活与学习”主题群
【What】故事讲述了作者在旅途过程中与中国本地的一名基建工人交流的际遇与收获。文章共包括三个自然段，第一段交代了故事背景和文章主题。第二段交代了两人交流的具体细节。第三段为评议部分，分享了作者在这次不寻常的火车之旅中得到的启示。
【Why】读者可以从故事中体会“三人行，必有我师”的道理。故事中的主人公之一基建工人是中国普通劳动者的缩影，启示了青少年只要在日常生活中怀有谦卑之心，保持开放心态，那么在与各行各业的普通人交流中都能得到学习。同时，文章对中国基建工人塑造的艰难谋生仍不忘学习、追求诗与远方的正面形象也传达了对中华民族、文化的认同和尊崇，有利引导青少年铸牢文化自信底色。
【How】文章241词，短小精悍，结构清晰，篇章模式符合拉波夫模式，第一人称的叙事视角有助读者代入角色，跟随主人公一起享受美妙的火车际遇。
【考点分析】
本题主要考查学生在具体的语境中运用词汇知识的能力，考查学生是否能在掌握、理解文章主旨大意和段间、句内及句间联系的基础上，准确判断和选择符合特定上下文语义和用法的动词、名词、形容词、副词及词组等。
考点词性分布
考点词性 设题数 试题编号
动词 （动词短语） 6 42，45,46,48,50,51
名词 3 41,44,49
形容词 3 43,47,52
副词 0
语言能力 认知能力 试题编号
句子语义逻辑 理解、 分析、 应用 46,49
语段逻辑 42,43,44,45,50
语篇逻辑 41,47,48,51,52,53,54,55
考点类型分布
Part 2 解题策略
Tip 1: 重视首句传递的信息
文章体裁
人物身份
全文主旨
下文内容
作者态度
While taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in the northwestern China, I had the kind of humbling, educational, and above all else, wonderful ___41___ with a local that all travelers long for.
记叙文（5w1h）
作者在旅途中与中国当地基建工人的
进行了一次对话，从中颇为受教。
对话详情？有何收获？
positive:“humbling, educational, wonderful，...long for
从作者选词、措辞把握作者态度
I (a foreign traveler)、
a young Chinese worker
主题语境由主题和语境两个概念合成。主题一般是语篇背后的一种思想、情感或价值观念，是作者想要表达的东西，也可以理解为篇章的主旨或立意。（by 王彦鹏）
语境则是指语言交际的环境，一般分为语言语境（篇章内部的环境或是上下文）、情景语境（篇章发生时周围的情况、事件性质、参与者的关系、时间、地点、方式等）、文化语境（说话者或者作者所在的语言社团的历史、文化和风俗人情）。（by 胡壮麟）
思考：
篇章的主旨是什么？（作者想要通过文章表达什么？）
在该语境中，作者会选用什么措辞来表达自己的情感和思想？
Tip 2: 速读全文，基于主题语境解题
While taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in the northwestern China, I had the kind of humbling, educational, and above all else, wonderful ___41___ with a local that all travelers long for.
……Perhaps most ___47___, however, was the fact that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor.
It would have been easy to ___51___ my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home. But this highly informed, ___52___, and admirable person prevented me doing so. In the course of a couple of hours, he ___53___ me just how much one can gain from ___54___ with an open mind, and a willingness to ___55___ with locals from all walks of life.
【Why】读者可以从故事中体会“三人行，必有我师”的道理（51空：如果不是遇到这位工人师傅，我可能仍会依赖定势思维评判事物；55空：三人行有我师）。故事中的主人公之一基建工人是中国普通劳动者的缩影，启示了（53空：建筑工人展现的品质让我受启发）青少年只要在日常生活中怀有谦卑之心，保持开放心态，那么在与各行各业的普通人交流中都能得到学习。
Tip 2: 速读全文，基于主题语境解题
47，结合主题，应选表达作者积极态度的词
54，结合情景语境，应用表达旅途的词
Tip 3: 宏观分析篇章, 把握故事情节、变化
While taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in the northwestern China, I had the kind of humbling, educational, and above all else, wonderful ___41___ with a local that all travelers long for. A young Chinese man ___42___ me on the train. My ___43___ friend spoke virtually no English, so I happily took the ___44___ to practice my Chinese.
Over several hours he would tell me about how he had ___45___ a two-year professional school to quickly find a job ___46___ highways in order to help support his family. Perhaps most ___47___, however, was the fact that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor. Without batting an eye he would ___48___ a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American ___49___ as a whole. “And what do you all learn about Russian authors ” I ___50___ him asking at one point.
It would have been easy to ___51___ my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home. But this highly informed, ___52___, and admirable person prevented me doing so. In the course of a couple of hours, he ___53___ me just how much one can gain from ___54___ with an open mind, and a willingness to ___55___ with locals from all walks of life.
点题：我与一个所有旅行者都渴望的当地人
有了一种谦卑、有教育意义的、美妙的相遇。
指向：新朋友几乎不会说英语，于是我趁机练习中文，为下午与该中国工人进行对话铺垫
进展：从对话中了解中国工人直面生活的惨淡仍热爱生活、追求学习的故事
评议：作者对中国工人积极的看法与态度
回应：回应主题，从别人的故事回到对自己的启发
变化的是流逝的光阴，
不变的是坚韧、好学的优秀品质
Tip 4: 微观分析篇章模式，
关注衔接、连贯、语境
完形填空篇章分析（微观结构）
完形填空篇章微观结构分析之衔接
While taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in the northwestern China, I had the kind of humbling, educational, and above all else, wonderful ___41___ with a local that all travelers long for. A young Chinese man ___42___ me on the train. My ___43___ friend spoke virtually no English, so I happily took the ___44___ to practice my Chinese.
Over several hours he would tell me about how he had ___45___ a two-year professional school to quickly find a job ___46___ highways in order to help support his family. Perhaps most ___47___, however, was the fact that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor. Without batting an eye he would ___48___ a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American ___49___ as a whole. “And what do you all learn about Russian authors ” I ___50___ him asking at one point.
It would have been easy to ___51___ my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home. But this highly informed, ___52___, and admirable person prevented me doing so. In the course of a couple of hours, he ___53___ me just how much one can gain from ___54___ with an open mind, and a willingness to ___55___ with locals from all walks of life.
Tip4.1利用语法衔接（照应）助力解题
“the 44”
指示照应对方不会说英语
“My 43”
人称照应上文提到的一个年请的中国小伙走向“我”；my new friend照应了上文的“a young Chinese man”
完形填空篇章微观结构分析之词汇衔接
完形填空篇章分析
（微观结构分析之词汇衔接:复现关系）
复现关系：某一词以原词、同义词、近义词、上下义词、概括词重复出现在语篇中,语篇中的句子通过这种复现关系达到相互衔接。
原词复现
eg. The two man at the counter read the menu.From the other end of counter Ben watched them.
同义词、近义词复现
eg. He got many presents from his friends . All the gifts were wrapped in colored paper.
上下义复现
上义词指的是那些表示意义较概括的词,它们的词义包括了下义词的词义。例如,animal 是 sheep, tiger,wolf, dog 等的上义词,sheep, tiger等词则是animal的下义词。
eg. You will need to take some tools with you. You can get a hammer, a saw and a screwdriver from most big department stores.
完形填空篇章分析
（微观结构分析之词汇衔接:复现关系）
概括词复现
概括词指的是那些表示一般意义的词。例如,people, man,
woman,thing, place, do, make 等都是概括词。概括词与其所指
的词构成的衔接是通过概括词复现关系。
eg. Can you tell me where to stay in Geneva I've never been to the place.
后一句中的概括词 place和前面的Geneva构成相互衔接关系。
完形填空篇章分析
（微观结构分析之词汇衔接:复现关系）
完形填空篇章分析
（微观结构分析之词汇衔接:同现关系）
同现关系：同现关系指的是词汇共同出现的倾向性(co-occurrence tendency)。在语篇中,围绕着一定的话题,一定的词就往往会同时出现,而其他一些词就不大可能会出现或根本不会出现，其中，词汇链值得引起关注。在语言实践中，人们发现有些在意义上相互联系的词语常常同时出现在同一语篇中，这些词语属于同一个词汇套，形成了词汇链(lexical chain)，因而，当人们遇到其中一个(些)词语时，便会联想到词汇套中的另一些词。如，听(读)到“邮局”时，人们通常会联想到“寄信”、“汇款”、“打电报 所以，当一个词汇套的词语出现在一个语篇·中时，这些词语就能衔接句子，起着连句成篇的左右。
完形填空篇章分析
（微观结构分析之词汇衔接:同现关系）
Jane is a good teather, but she is a bad wife. (反义同现)
Discrimination is undoubtedly practised against women in the field of scientific research. We don't find men complaining that they are not being interviewed for positions that they are clearly qualified to fill.
（互补同现:两句之间的衔接主要是依靠互补词men和women的对照。）
A great number of high school graduates continue their education in one of the many colleges or universties in the country. After four years,they receive a bachelor's degree.Some continue studying
for a master's degree and perhaps a doctor's degree.（高中毕业后教育的词汇链）
While taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in the northwestern China, I had the kind of humbling, educational, and above all else, wonderful ___41___ with a local that all travelers long for. A young Chinese man ___42___ me on the train. My ___43___ friend spoke virtually no English, so I happily took the ___44___ to practice my Chinese.
Over several hours he would tell me about how he had ___45___ a two-year professional school to quickly find a job ___46___ highways in order to help support his family. Perhaps most ___47___, however, was the fact that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor. Without batting an eye he would ___48___ a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American ___49___ as a whole. “And what do you all learn about Russian authors ” I ___50___ him asking at one point.
It would have been easy to ___51___ my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home. But this highly informed, ___52___, and admirable person prevented me doing so. In the course of a couple of hours, he ___53___ me just how much one can gain from ___54___ with an open mind, and a willingness to ___55___ with locals from all walks of life.
Tip4.2利用词汇衔接（复现、同现）助力解题
“46”
词汇复现
48 词汇同现，
文章的关键词为“交谈”，此处应与词汇链“口头说”有关
49 词汇复现，
下文的authors 与其相关，年轻小伙与作者探讨了美国作家，又探讨了俄国作家
“52”
词汇复现，上文的studying为近义复现
54词汇复现
完形填空篇章微观结构分析之逻辑联系语
While taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in the northwestern China, I had the kind of humbling, educational, and above all else, wonderful ___41___ with a local that all travelers long for. A young Chinese man ___42___ me on the train. My ___43___ friend spoke virtually no English, so I happily took the ___44___ to practice my Chinese.
Over several hours he would tell me about how he had ___45___ a two-year professional school to quickly find a job ___46___ highways in order to help support his family. Perhaps most ___47___, however, was the fact that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor. Without batting an eye he would ___48___ a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American ___49___ as a whole. “And what do you all learn about Russian authors ” I ___50___ him asking at one point.
It would have been easy to ___51___ my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home. But this highly informed, ___52___, and admirable person prevented me doing so. In the course of a couple of hours, he ___53___ me just how much one can gain from ___54___ with an open mind, and a willingness to ___55___ with locals from all walks of life.
Tip4.3利用逻辑关系语助力解题
根据语境，利用句内逻辑关系解题：去技能学校学习以便掌握手艺养家糊口
44除照应线索外，逻辑联系语so也是线索：因为对方不懂英语，所以我有机会用中文与其沟通
“49”:利用逻辑关系语and体现的增补关系解题：讨论了美国作家，接着讨论俄国作家
Part 3 备考建议
（完形填空）要求考生：
在正确理解语篇主旨大意的基础上，
关注具体语境中不同词语、句子与整个篇章结构之间的联系，
考查考生对英语词法、句法以及语篇知识的掌握运用。
（教育部教育考试院：2023年高考英语全国卷试题评析）
建议：
1. 加强语篇意识和语篇知识的强化，有意识地进行篇章分析。
2. 把握语篇的主题与主线，利用主题意义、作者情感态度帮助解题。遇到难以排除的干扰项时，要学会从主题关联的角度来打开思路，破解难题。
3. 多思考设空所在句子在段落中的作用以及与段落其他句子的语义逻辑关系。
4. 深入理解完形填空语篇如何通过词汇链等手段实现上下文语意连贯，读懂上下文的内在牵制。
5. 加强分析长难句的能力。有的同学在答题时觉得蒙，与文章句子的复杂程度大有关。
如41空所在句子共38词，含从句、连词+分词的结构；
45、46空所在句子共30词，含多个状语；
47空所在句子共19词，含倒装句、插入语、同位语从句；
51空所在句子共25词，含虚拟语气、定语从句。

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