资源简介

unit 4 单词讲义
gene (名词)
中文意思：基因
英文释义：a unit of heredity passed from parents to offspring
词源：来自希腊语的 "genos"，意为 "出生" 或 "起源"
例句：The scientists have identified a gene that causes the disease.
固定搭配：genetic code, genetic engineering, genetic disorder
近义词：allele, locus, genotype
delete (动词)
中文意思：删除
英文释义：to remove or eliminate something completely
词源：来自拉丁语的 "deletus"，意为 "被删除的"
例句：I accidentally deleted my important file.
固定搭配：delete button, delete key, delete operation
近义词：erase, remove, eliminate
disabled (形容词)
中文意思：残疾的，有缺陷的
英文释义：unable to use one's body properly because of illness or injury
词源：来自英语的 "disable"，意为 "使无能"
例句：He is disabled and uses a wheelchair to get around.
固定搭配：disabled access, disabled parking, disabled person
近义词：handicapped, impaired, incapacitated
dismiss (动词)
中文意思：解雇，开除；不接受，驳回
英文释义：to officially tell someone they no longer have a job; to refuse to consider or accept something
词源：来自拉丁语的 "dismissus"，意为 "被解雇的"
例句：The boss dismissed him for being late again.
固定搭配：dismissal notice, dismissal hearing, dismissal letter
近义词：fire, expel, reject
gender (名词)
中文意思：性别，性
英文释义：the classification of people as male or female
词源：来自拉丁语的 "genus"，意为 "种类" 或 "类型"
例句：Gender equality is an important issue in our society.
固定搭配：gender discrimination, gender roles, gender identity
近义词：sex, sexuality, masculinity/femininity
racial
词性：形容词
中文意思：种族的，人种的
英文释义：relating to or characteristic of a particular race
词源：来自拉丁语"racialis"，意为"属于同一种族的"
例句：Racial discrimination is against the law in many countries.
固定搭配：racial profiling（种族定性）
近义词：ethnic, tribal
discrimination
词性：名词
中文意思：歧视，区别对待
英文释义：the unjust or prejudiced treatment of different categories of people or things regarded as unequal
词源：来自拉丁语"discriminare"，意为"区分，辨别"
例句：Discrimination based on race, gender, or sexual orientation is wrong.
固定搭配：discrimination against（对...的歧视）
近义词：prejudice, bias
evolution
词性：名词
中文意思：进化，演变
英文释义：the process by which different forms of life develop over a long period of time
词源：来自拉丁语"evolutio"，意为"发展，进展"
例句：The theory of evolution explains how species change over time.
固定搭配：evolutionary biology（进化生物学）
近义词：development, progress
discipline
词性：名词/动词
中文意思：纪律，学科
英文释义：n. a branch of knowledge or teaching; sth that one has to learn or follow; sth that trains character n. v. to train or educate someone to behave well and follow rules
词源：来自拉丁语"disciplina"，意为"训练，教育"
例句：He needs to learn discipline if he wants to succeed.（他如果想成功，就需要学习纪律。）
固定搭配：self-discipline（自我纪律）
近义词：training, education, rule, regulation
biology
词性：名词
中文意思：生物学
英文释义：the study of living organisms and their interactions with each other and the environment
词源：来自希腊语"bios"（生命）和"logos"（学科），意为生命的学科
例句：She is studying biology at university.（她在大学里学习生物学。）
vivid
词性：形容词
中文意思：生动的，鲜明的
英文释义：having a strong, clear, intense effect on the senses or the imagination; bright and lively
词源：来自拉丁语"vividus"，意为"生命的，有生命的"
例句：The vivid colors of the sunset filled the sky.
固定搭配：vivid dream（生动的梦），vivid memory（鲜明的记忆）
近义词：bright, lively, striking, colorful
chemical
词性：形容词
中文意思：化学的
英文释义：relating to chemistry; produced by or involving a chemical reaction
词源：来自中古英语"chymical"，意为"炼金术的"
例句：The chemical reaction caused a loud explosion.
固定搭配：chemical reaction（化学反应），chemical element（化学元素）
近义词：analytical, laboratory, pharmaceutical
cell
词性：名词
中文意思：细胞
英文释义：the basic unit of life in living organisms; a room or compartment in a building
词源：来自拉丁语"cella"，意为"小房间"
例句：The human body is made up of millions of cells.
固定搭配：cell phone（手机），cell wall（细胞壁）
近义词：organelle, tissue, organism
detect
词性：动词
中文意思：发现，察觉
英文释义：to notice or find something that is not obvious or hidden
词源：来自拉丁语"detectus"，意为"被揭露的"
例句：The police were able to detect the presence of drugs in the room.
固定搭配：detect crime（侦破犯罪），detect fraud（发现欺诈）
近义词：discover, spot, uncover
infection
词性：名词
中文意思：感染，传染
英文释义：an invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in the body of a host organism causing disease
词源：来自中古英语"infeccioun"，意为"传染，影响"
例句：The doctor said she had an infection and needed antibiotics.
固定搭配：infection control（感染控制），infectious disease（传染病）
近义词：contagion, contamination, disease
botanical
词性：形容词
中文意思：植物的，草本的
英文释义：of or relating to plants
词源：来自拉丁语"botanicus"，意为"植物的"
例句：The botanical garden has a wide variety of plants from all over the world.
固定搭配：botanical garden（植物园）
近义词：floral, herbaceous
interference
词性：名词
中文意思：干涉，干扰
英文释义：the act of interfering or the state of being interfered with
词源：来自拉丁语"interference"，意为"干涉，干预"
例句：The noise was a result of interference from the nearby construction site.
固定搭配：electromagnetic interference（电磁干扰）， radio interference（无线电干扰）
近义词：intervention, hindrance
apparently
词性：副词
中文意思：显然地，表面上
英文释义：in a way that seems to be true but may not actually be true
词源：来自拉丁语"apparentem"，意为"明显的"
例句：Apparently, he didn't receive my message.
固定搭配：apparently innocent（表面上无辜的）
近义词：evidently, ostensibly
pesticide
词性：名词
中文意思：杀虫剂，农药
英文释义：a substance used to kill pests such as insects or weeds that destroy crops
词源：来自希腊语"pestikos"，意为"有害的"和"kosmos"，意为"宇宙，世界"，组合在一起表示"有害于世界的"
例句：The farmer sprayed pesticide on the crops to protect them from pests.
固定搭配：organic pesticide（有机农药）， chemical pesticide（化学农药）
近义词：insecticide, herbicide
ecology
词性：名词
中文意思：生态学，生态
英文释义：the study of the relationships between living organisms and their environment
词源：来自希腊语"oikos"，意为"住所，家庭"和"logos"，意为"学科，研究"，组合在一起表示"家庭的研究"或"住所的研究"，后来引申为对生物与其环境之间关系的科学研究。
例句：Ecology is concerned with the interactions between living organisms and their environment.
prospect
词性：名词
中文意思：前景，展望，可能性
英文释义：a likely or possible outcome; a chance that something good will happen
词源：来自拉丁语“prospectus”，意为“看到”或“预览”。
例句：The prospects for peace in the region are good.（该地区和平的前景很好。）
固定搭配：bright/rosy prospect（光明/美好的前景）；prospect of success（成功的希望）。
近义词：outlook, perspective, likelihood。
drill
词性：动词、名词
中文意思：钻孔，训练，操练
英文释义：to make a hole in something using a tool with a rotating cutting edge；to teach someone how to do something by practicing it many times
词源：来自古英语“drilan”，意为“钻孔”。
例句：They drilled a hole in the wall to install the new light switch.（他们在墙上钻了一个孔来安装新的灯开关。）
固定搭配：drill sergeant（教官）；drill bit（钻头）；drill press（钻床）。
近义词：bore, pierce, train。
cancer
词性：名词
中文意思：癌症，恶性肿瘤
英文释义：a serious illness in which cells in the body grow out of control and form a lump or mass
词源：来自拉丁语“carcinoma”，意为“螃蟹”。因为肿瘤的形状和螃蟹的爪子相似，所以被称为“cancer”。
例句：She has been fighting cancer for five years.（她已经与癌症抗争了五年。）
固定搭配：breast cancer（乳腺癌）；lung cancer（肺癌）；cancer treatment（癌症治疗）。
近义词：tumor, malignancy, neoplasm。
liquid
词性：形容词、名词
中文意思：液体的，流动的，液态的
英文释义：able to flow smoothly；consisting of a substance that is not a solid or a gas；a substance that is a liquid at room temperature
词源：来自拉丁语“liquidus”，意为“流动的”。
例句：The water was too hot to drink, so I added some cold liquid to it.（水太热了，我加了一些冷液体。）
固定搭配：liquid assets（流动资产）；liquid crystal display（液晶显示器）；liquid nitrogen（液氮）。
近义词：fluid, flowing, mobile。
replicate
词性：动词
中文意思：复制，重复
英文释义：to make an exact copy of something or to do something again
词源：来自拉丁语 "replicare"，意为“再次制造”
例句：The scientist tried to replicate the experiment to verify the results.
固定搭配：replicate a model, replicate DNA
近义词：copy, reproduce, duplicate
employ
词性：动词
中文意思：雇佣，使用
英文释义：to give someone work to do in exchange for money; to use something for a particular purpose
词源：来自古法语 "emploier"，意为“使用”
例句：The company employed many new workers this year.
固定搭配：employ oneself in doing something, employ strategies
近义词：hire, use, utilize
artificial
词性：形容词
中文意思：人工的，人造的
英文释义：made by people rather than occurring naturally; not real or natural
词源：来自拉丁语 "artificialis"，意为“艺术的，人工的”
例句：She wore an artificial flower in her hair.
固定搭配：artificial intelligence, artificial respiration, artificial sweeteners
近义词：man-made, synthetic, fake
revolution
词性：名词
中文意思：革命，变革
英文释义：a sudden and complete change in the way things are done or organized
词源：来自拉丁语 "revolutio"，意为“旋转，转动”
例句：The industrial revolution changed the world forever.
固定搭配：technological revolution, social revolution, political revolution
近义词：transformation, upheaval, reform
profession
词性：名词
中文意思：职业，专业
英文释义：a job that needs special training and education, especially one that involves helping people or making them feel better
词源：来自拉丁语 "professus"，意为“公开表示，承认”
例句：She chose nursing as her profession.
固定搭配：professional development, professional ethics, professional skills
近义词：occupation, career, vocation
resolve
词性：动词、名词
中文意思：解决，决心，决议
英文释义：to find an answer or solution to a problem; to make a firm decision or plan; a formal agreement reached by a group of people after discussing and voting on it
词源：来自拉丁语 "resolvere"，意为“打破”或“分解”。
例句：We need to resolve this issue as soon as possible.（我们需要尽快解决这个问题。）
固定搭配：resolve to do something（决心做某事）；resolve a conflict（解决冲突）；resolve a mystery（解开谜团）
近义词：decide, determine, settle
diagnostic
词性：形容词、名词
中文意思：诊断的，分析的
英文释义：related to diagnosing a medical condition; analyzing data in order to understand a problem or situation
词源：来自希腊语 "diagnoskein"，意为“识别”或“判断”。
例句：The doctor ordered some diagnostic tests to determine the cause of her illness.（医生安排了一些诊断测试来确定她生病的原因。）
固定搭配：diagnostic tool（诊断工具）；diagnostic test（诊断测试）；diagnostic procedure（诊断程序）
近义词：analyzing, investigative, prognostic
pollen
词性：名词
中文意思：花粉
英文释义：a fine powder produced by flowers that contains male reproductive cells
词源：来自拉丁语 "pollen"，意为“灰尘”。
例句：She is allergic to pollen, so she stays indoors during the spring.（她对花粉过敏，所以春天会呆在室内。）
固定搭配：pollen count（花粉计数）；pollen season（花粉季节）；pollen allergy（花粉过敏）
近义词：plant powder, flower dust, spores
breed
词性：动词、名词
中文意思：繁殖，品种，养育
英文释义：to produce offspring by mating animals or plants; a type of animal or plant that has particular characteristics because of being selectively bred over many generations; to raise or care for (an animal)
词源：来自古英语 "bredan"，意为“生育”或“产生”。
例句：They breed horses on their farm.（他们在农场上养马。）
固定搭配：breed dogs（养狗）；breed cats（养猫）；breed chickens（养鸡）
近义词：raise, nurture, rear
allergy
词性：名词
中文意思：过敏，反感，厌恶
英文释义：a strong reaction by the body's immune system to a usually harmless substance that is normally not harmful to people who do not have the allergy; a feeling of dislike or opposition towards something or someone
词源：来自中古高地德语 "alraeghe"，意为“反感”或“厌恶”。
例句：She has an allergy to peanuts.（她对花生过敏。）
cheese
词性：名词
中文意思：奶酪
英文释义：a food product made from the curd of milk
词源：来自古法语的"fromage"，源自拉丁语的"formacia"，意为"变质的、发酵的"。
例句：I love to eat cheese with crackers.
固定搭配：cheeseburger（奶酪汉堡）、cheesecake（奶酪蛋糕）
近义词：dairy product, milk product
allergic
词性：形容词
中文意思：过敏的
英文释义：having an adverse reaction to a substance that is normally harmless
词源：来自allergy（过敏）+ -ic（形容词后缀）
例句：She is allergic to peanuts.
固定搭配：allergic reaction（过敏反应）、allergic to（对...过敏）
近义词：hypersensitive, sensitive
crucial
词性：形容词
中文意思：至关重要的
英文释义：extremely important or necessary; decisive
词源：来自中古英语的"cruciale"，源自拉丁语的"crux"，意为"关键、中心点"。
例句：The success of this project is crucial to the company's future.
固定搭配：crucial decision（关键决定）、crucial role（关键角色）
近义词：important, vital, essential
bean curd
词性：名词
中文意思：豆腐
英文释义：a food product made from soybeans, often used in Chinese cuisine
词源：来自汉语的"豆腐"，意为"凝固的豆乳"。
例句：I like to eat bean curd with rice.
固定搭配：tofu pudding（豆腐布丁）、bean curd skin（豆腐皮）
近义词：tofu, soybean curd
initiative
词性：名词/形容词
中文意思：主动性；倡议，行动方案
英文释义：the first step taken to achieve a particular aim; a proposal or plan for action
词源：来自拉丁语的"initiativa"，意为"开始、发起"。
例句：It's always good to take the initiative in group projects. (名词)
We need more female leaders with strong initiative. (形容词)
ingredient
词性：名词
中文意思：成分，原料
英文释义：a substance that is combined with others to form a mixture or compound
词源：来自拉丁语 "ingrediēre"，意为 "加入"
例句：The recipe calls for several key ingredients.
固定搭配：key ingredient, main ingredient, secret ingredient
近义词：component, element, constituent
pose
词性：动词
中文意思：摆姿势，提出问题
英文释义：to put oneself in a particular position or attitude; to ask a question
词源：来自拉丁语 "ponere"，意为 "放置"
例句：She posed for the photographer.
固定搭配：pose a question, pose a problem, strike a pose
近义词：posture, position, place
deny
词性：动词
中文意思：否认，拒绝给予
英文释义：to refuse to admit the truth or existence of something; to refuse to give someone something they want or need
词源：来自古英语 "nēon"，意为 "否认"
例句：He denied stealing the money.
固定搭配：deny access, deny responsibility, deny the allegations
近义词：disavow, disclaim, reject
organism
词性：名词
中文意思：生物体，有机体
英文释义：a living being, especially a plant or animal, considered in terms of its structure and functions
词源：来自希腊语 "organon"，意为 "工具"
例句：All living organisms require energy to survive.
固定搭配：organic organism, multicellular organism, single-celled organism
近义词：creature, entity, life form
yield
词性：动词/名词
中文意思：生产，屈服，让出，收益
英文释义：verb: to produce a crop or result; noun: the amount of crops or profits produced by an area of land or an activity
词源：来自古英语 "gēlan"，意为 "弯曲" 或 "倾斜"
例句：The wheat field yielded a good harvest this year. (动词) The yield on the stock market was high this quarter. (名词)
hybrid
词性：名词、形容词
中文意思：杂种，混合物，混血儿
英文释义：a plant or animal resulting from a cross between two different varieties or species; a thing that is a mixture of two or more things
词源：来自希腊语"hupbridēs"，意为"混合的"
例句：The farmer grew a hybrid crop that was resistant to pests.（农民种植了一种抗虫害的杂交作物。）
固定搭配：hybrid technology（混合技术），hybrid car（混合动力汽车），hybrid vigor（活力充沛）
近义词：mixture, crossbreed, mongrel
salinity
词性：名词
中文意思：盐度，含盐量
英文释义：the degree of saltiness of a solution, expressed as the proportion of its salt content to the mass of water in it
词源：来自拉丁语"salinitas"，意为"咸味"
例句：The salinity of the ocean affects the growth of marine organisms.（海洋的盐度影响海洋生物的生长。）
固定搭配：salinity gradient（盐度梯度），salinity meter（盐度计），salinity stress（盐度胁迫）
近义词：saltiness, brinyness, sodicity
salinity
词性：名词
中文意思：盐度，含盐量
英文释义：the degree of saltiness of a solution, expressed as the proportion of its mass of dissolved salts to that of water
词源：来自拉丁语 sal (盐) 和 -itas (状态、性质)
例句：The salinity of the ocean affects marine life.
固定搭配：salinity gradient（盐度梯度）
近义词：saltiness, brinyness
saline
词性：形容词
中文意思：含盐的，咸的
英文释义：containing or tasting of salt; salty
词源：来自拉丁语 sal (盐) 和 -alis (属于……的)
例句：The saline solution was used for cleaning wounds.
固定搭配：saline solution（盐水溶液）
近义词：salty, briny
arable
词性：形容词
中文意思：适合耕作的，可开垦的
英文释义：suitable for being ploughed and sowed with crops
词源：来自古法语 araible (可耕种的)，源自拉丁语 arabilis (可耕种的)
例句：The land is arable and can be used for farming.
固定搭配：arable land（耕地）
近义词：cultivable, tillable
dozen
词性：名词/数词
中文意思：一打，十二个
英文释义：a set of twelve items, especially eggs or other small objects sold in sets of twelve
词源：来自古英语 douza (十二)，源自拉丁语 duodecim (十二)
例句：I bought a dozen eggs at the store.
固定搭配：dozen eggs（一打鸡蛋）
近义词：twelve, a baker's dozen（十三个）

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