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人教版八上期末词形及语法复习
一、词形变化
1.serve→service（名词）
2.create→creative（形容词）
3.magician→magic（名词）魔法，魔术
4.beauty→beautiful（形容词）→beautifully（副词）
5.win→winner（名词）
6.serious→seriously（副词）
7.give→gave（过去式）
8.crowd→crowded（形容词）
9.situation comedy→sitcom（缩写）
10.stand →stood(过去式)
11.plan→planned(过去式) →planning（现在分词）
12.eduction→educational（形容词）
13.hope→hoped（过去式）
14.discuss→discussion（名词）
15.happen→happened（过去式）
edy→comedies（复数）
17.mean→meaning（名词）→meaningful（形容词）有意义的→meaningless（形容词）毫无意义的
18.act→action（名词）
19.appear→disappear（反义词）
20.become→became(过去式)
21.common→uncommon（反义词）
22.succeed→success（名词）→successful（形容词）→successfully（副词）
23.luck→lucky（形容词）幸运的→unlucky（形容词）不幸的→luckily（副词）幸运地→unluckily（副词）不幸地
24.lose→lost（过去式）
25.grow →grew(过去式)
26.program→programmer（名词，指人）程序员
27.violinist→violin（名词 ）小提琴
28.scientist→science(名词)科学
29.pianist→piano(名词)钢琴
30.education→educate（动词）
31.send→sent（过去式）
32.foreign→foreigner（名词）
33.discuss→discussion（名词）
34.promise→promised（过去式）
35.begin→began（过去式）→beginning（名词）
36.they→themselves(反身代词)
37.hobby→hobbies（复数）
38.own→owner（名词）
39.person→personal（形容词）
40.pollute→pollution（名词）→polluted（形容词）
二、语法
（1）复合不定代词：
带 some 的不定代词，常用在 中。
在表示 和 的疑问句中也用 some- ，希望得到对方 。
带 any 的不定代词，常用在 和 中。
带 any 的不定代词也可以放在肯定句中，表示 。
不定代词作主语，谓语动词用 。
someone ，anyone ，everyone 指的是 ，且不和介词 of 连用；
形容词修饰不定代词要 ：不定代词+形容词
（2）形容词与副词的原级
当相比较的两者在程度上相同时，可用原级比较。
1. 肯定结构： ，意为“和......一样...... ”。
2. 否定结构： ，意为“不如...... ”。
①形容词和副词比较级的构成
①规则变化
A) 一般在词尾加-er
B) 以不发音的字母-e 结尾的词只加-r
C) 以辅音字母结尾的重度闭音节词，双写该辅音字母，再加-er
D) 以“辅音字母+-y ”结尾的词，变 y 为 i 再加-er
E) 部分双音节词和多音节词在词前加 more
②形容词和副词比较级的用法
“ 比较级+than... ”，意为“ 比......更...... ”。
“疑问词+be+比较级，A or B ”，意为“...更... ，A 还是 B？ ”。
“the+比较级+of the two... ”，意为“两者中较... 的 ”。
“the+比较级..., the +比较级... ”，意为“越... ，越... ”.
“ 比较级+and+比较级 ”，意为“越来越... ”。
（3）形容词和副词的最高级的用法
①形容词的最高级前一般要加定冠词 , 但如果其前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格等修饰语时,则 用定冠词 the 。副词的最高级前面可以加定冠词 the, 也可以 。
②形容词和副词的最高级常与介词 或 短语连用, 说明比较的范围。如果主语与介词短语中的名词属于同一类, 用介词 ; 如果不是同一类, 则用介词 。
（4）一般将来时 be going to
一般将来时表示在将来某一个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，也可以表示打算在将来要去做的动作。一般将来时有两种 表达形式：“will＋ ”和“be going to＋ ”。本单元主要讲“be going to＋ ”形式。注意在该形式结构中，be 的形式要与主语的人称和数保持一致。
be going to 的用法
1 ．表示 、 或 要发生的动作或事情。
2 ．表示某种 表明可能将要发生的动作。
3 ．当谓语动词为表示位置移动的动词(come ，go ，leave ，move ，travel ，arrive 等)时，要用 be doing 代替 be going to do。
be going to 的句型
1 ．肯定句：主语＋be going to＋ ＋其他.
2 ．否定句：主语＋be＋ ＋going to＋动词原形＋其他.
3 ．一般疑问句： ＋主语＋going to＋动词原形＋其他？
肯定回答：Yes ，主语＋be. 否定回答：No ，主语＋be＋not.
4 ．特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词(组)＋be＋主语＋going to＋动词原形＋其他？
5 ．there be 句型的一般将来时：There ＋be＋主语＋其他.
(5)一般将来时 will
1. 含义：一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的时态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。
2. 谓语构成：助动词 +动词原形。 He will visit the Tian'anmen Square tomorrow.
(1) 句式
肯定句式：主语 + will + 动词原形+其他.
否定句式：主语 + will+ not +动词原形+其他.
一般疑问句式：Will + 主语 + 动词原形 +其他
特殊疑问句式：疑问词 + will + (主语+)动词原形+其他
(6)可数名词和不可数名词
1. 可数名词表示数量时，可用 直接修饰.
2. 不可数名词在表示数量时，则用“ 。
3. many, few, fewer, a few+ ，做主语时，谓语用 。
4. much, little, less, a little+ ，做主语时，谓语用
5. some, any, a lot of, lots of 既可加 ，也可加 ，谓语动词视名词情况而定。
6. 提问可数名词的数量用 ； Eg. How many flowers did you buy for your mom
7. 直接提问不可数名词，则用 ；How much 还可提问 。
8. 若提问不可数名词前的量词的数量，则用
(7) 情态动词
①can 的基本意思是“ ” ，其过去式是 ，其用法为：
1. 表许可，相当于 may；
2. 表能力，可以和 相互转换
3. 表示怀疑，猜测，主要用于否定句和 中；
4. 为 can 的过去式，可以表示过去的能力；could 用在问句中表示委婉请求，不表示过去；
② may
1. 表请求，许可，意为“ ” ，can 也有这种用法；
2. 表示不确定的推测，意为“可能，或许” ，常在肯定句中；
3. 表示祝愿；
是 may 的过去式
③must 的用法
1. 表示“必须，应该”；
2. 表示推测，意为“ ” ，用于否定句中，在疑问句和否定句中一般应用 can’t。
3. 在否定句中，mustn’t 表示禁止，意为“不允许”。
（8）if 条件状语从句
if 引导的从句在复合句中表示条件，作主句的条件状语，称为 ，
表示假如从句的动作发生，主句的动作就(不)会发生。
二．if 条件状语从句的位置：
if 引导的条件状语从句既可以放在 ，也可以放在 。
三．if 引导的条件状语从句的时态:
1. 当主句用 时，if 引导的条件状语从句用 。(即主将从现)
2.如果主句是 时，if 引导的条件状语从句用 。(即主祈从现)
期末练习
一、单项选择
1.Jack_________ to make a delicious meal for his mom on her birthday to make her happy, What a good boy!
A. decides B. dislikes C. forgets D. refuses
2._________ is difficult for the man who will try, so try your best to achieve(实现)your dream.
A. Something B. Nothing C. Everything D. Anything
3.-What did you do during the Dragon Boat Festival
-I_________ the boat races on TV and read books.
A. watch B. watched C. am watching D. will watch
4.More and more children are interested in mystery boxes(育盒) _________ they wonder what is inside(在里面)。
A. so B. because C. but D. though
5.How was your vacation in Sanya
-_________ .I enjoyed the sunshine and the beach there.
A. No idea B. Not really C. Pretty good D. That's too bad
6．Eileen Gu was highly praised because she won ________ medals among all the Chinese athletes at the Beijing Winter Olympic Games.
A．many B．more C．the most D．the fewest
7．________ we know each other, ________ we understand each other.
A．More, better B．More, worse
C．The more, the better D．The less, the better
8．He often has a lot of meat every day, but I have a lot of vegetables every day. So his diet is ________ mine.
A．as healthy as B．healthier than C．less healthy than D．as unhealthy as
9．The weather in Beijing is as ________ that in Shanghai today.
A．wet as B．wetter C．the wettest D．wet
10．With the help of 5G technology, the apps on the smart phone can provide ________ functions for the users than before.
A．many B．more C．most D．less
二、完形填空
From the time I was young, I liked music very much. I learned to play the piano, the violin, singing and so on. So, when I was in Grade 8, I started to 1 a band (乐 队). At first, there were four students in the band. Every week, there were always many days that I came back home so late. My parents didn’t want me to 2 so much time on the band. 3 , I didn’t agree with them.
I knew that we were not professional (职业的) 4 , but we still worked hard. In the first half of the year of our band, we didn’t get the 5 to perform outside the school. I was unhappy. But I still told my friends that we had to do something to make us more 6 . Soon, more and more people 7 about our band. One day, a study center invited us to 8 for the students there. We were very 9 .
Now we have lots of fans in our city 10 hard work. I got the lesson: No matter (无论) what happens to your life, you should always believe in yourself and hold on your dreams.
1．A．build B．take C．prepare D．enjoy
2．A．practice B．spend C．make D．wonder
3．A．Really B．Clearly C．However D．Finally
4．A．teachers B．students C．pilots D．musicians
5．A．invitations B．reasons C．promises D．services
6．A．popular B．enjoyable C．possible D．serious
7．A．deleted B．knew C．listened D．kept
8．A．learn B．stay C．play D．bring
9．A．famous B．angry C．afraid D．happy
10．A．of B．through C．with D．in
答案ABCDAABCDB
三、阅读理解
In Canada and the United States, people enjoy entertaining（请客）at home. They often invite friends over for a meal, a party, or just for a cup of coffee and conversation.
Here are the kinds of things people say when they invite someone to their home:
“Would you like to come over for dinner this Saturday night ”
“Hey, we’re having a party on Friday. Can you come ”
To reply to an invitation, either say thank you and accept, or say you're sorry, and give an excuse:
“Thanks, I’d love to. What time would you like me to come ” or “Oh, sorry, I’ve tickets for a movie.”
Sometimes, however, people use expressions that sound like invitations but which are not real invitations. For example:
“Please come over for a drink sometime.”
“Why not get together for a party sometime ”
“Why don’t you come over and see us sometime soon ”
They are really just polite ways of ending a conversation. They are not real invitations because they don’t mention a specific （确定的）time or date. They just show that the person is trying to be friendly. To reply to expressions like these, people just say “Sure, that would be great!” or “OK, yes, thanks.”
So next time when you hear what sounds like an invitation, listen carefully: Is it a real invitation or is the person just being friendly
1．Why do Canadians and Americans often invite friends for meals at home
A．Because they can save time. B．Because they can spend less money.
C．Because they enjoy entertaining at home. D．Because they have modern and beautiful house.
2．Which of the following is a real invitation
A．“If you are free, let’s go for a dinner sometime.”
B．“Please go to the cinema with me someday.”
C．“Would you like to have a cup of tea with us some-time ”
D．“I’ve two tickets here. Can you go to the movie with me ”
3．If people say “Let’s get together for lunch some day”, you just say “_______”.
A．That would be nice. B．How about this weekend
C．Oh, sorry. I’m very busy. D．That's great. I’ll be there on time.
5．People use “an unreal invitation” in order to show that _______.
A．they’re trying to be friendly B．they’re trying to be helpful
C．they’re trying to make friends with others D．they haven’t got ready for a party yet
5．The passage is mainly about _______.
A．entertainment at home B．real invitations or not
C．expressions of starting a conversation D．ways of ending a conversation
答案C D A A B
用所给词的适当形式填空
1.During the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games, we watched the skaters moving________ (beautiful) on the ice in the Figure Skating(花样滑冰)。
2.They were all thirsty so I________ (give) them a drink.
3. In our cinema, you can sit the most________ (comfortable) because we have the biggest seats.
4.What________ (happen) outside the school last night
5.-Does your sister like talent shows
-She might________ (like) them, but I'm not sure.
6.When making a fruit salad, you'd better ______ fresh fruit.（choose）
7.—Which dog do you think is__________(lazy), Hobo or Eddie
—I think Eddie is.
8.My grandparents live__________ (peace) in the countryside and they like the life there.
9.—Why is your desk__________(tidy)
—Because I painted a picture there just now.
10.My neighbour is a famous__________(sing) and she often does charity work.
五、根据汉语意思完成句子
1. 咱们打开收音机听听天气预报吧。
Let’s the radio and listen to the weather report.
2. 我不在乎结果，只要你尽全力就行。
I don’t the result, so long as you try your best.
3. 这不太难，我能自己做。
It’s not very difficult. I’m do it all by myself.
4. 这次考试确实很重要，你必须认真对待。
This exam is really important. You must it .
5. 必须采取措施改善我们城市的环境。
We must do something to the of our city.
6. 请开一下电视，汤姆想看足球比赛。
Please the TV，Tom wants to watch the football game.
7. 在制作苹果汁之前，你应该切碎它们。
You should apples before you make apple juice.
8．不要把所有东西放在桌子上。
Don't all things the desk.
9．最后，把火鸡切成薄片。
Finally， the turkey thin pieces.
10．如果你想从图书馆拿出一本书，你必须有一个学生证。
If you want to a book from the library，you must have a school ID card.
六、句型转换
1. I want to be an engineer when I grow up.(对画线部分提问)
________ do you want to________ when you grow up
2. I am going to make some dumplings tomorrow morning.(改为一般疑问句)
________ you going to make________ dumplings tomorrow morning
3. Your sister sent me a message on the mobile phone.(改为否定句)
Your sister________ ________ a message to me on the mobile phone.
4. She's going to write an article this week,(对画线部分提问)
________ she going to________ this week
5. Are you going to learn to drive this year (作肯定回答)
Yes, ________ ________.
6,Mary saw her English teacher just now.(改为否定句)
Mary_________ _________ her English teacher just now.
7.Jack bought something special in the gift shop.(改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答)
-_________ Jack_________ _________ special in the gift shop
-No, _________ _________.
8.We went to the movies yesterday.(对画线部分提问)
_________ _________ you_________ yesterday
9.He ate nothing for breakfast.(改为同义句)
He_________ _________ _________ for breakfast.
10.Tony went to London on vacation.(对画线部分提问)
_________ _________ Tony_________ on vacation

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