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人教版八上期末单词辨析复习
一、重点单词
环境 n. ______________
2.行星 n．______________________
3.讨论，商量 n.__________________
4.和平 n. ______________________
5.文化，文明 n. _________________
6.预料，期待 v._________________
7.工厂 n. _____________
8.普通的，常见的 adv. _________
9.著名的，出名的 adj. __________
10.很可能；大概 adv. ____________
11.假期；假日 n. _________________
12.原因，理由 n._________________
13.承诺，许诺 v. _________________
14.工程师 n. ____________
15.飞行员 n. _____________________
16.科学家 n. _____________
17.教育 n. ______________
18.温度；体温 n. ________________
19.药，医学 n. ____________________
20.机器；机械装置 n. _________
21.大学，高等学府 n. _____________
22.文章 n. _______________
23.外国的 adj. _____________
24.改进，改善 n. ______________
25.身体的adj . ____________________
26.接待；提供 v. ______________
27.关系，联系n.___________________
28.个人的，私人的adv.__________
29.污染 v. ______________
30.相信 v. ________________
31.传统的,惯例的 adj. _________
32.庆祝，庆贺v. ___________
33.不可能的adj. ___________
34.回答；答复 v._______________
35.发送 v.前进 adv. __________ 36.客人；宾客 n. ______________
37.没有prep.____________________ 38.音乐会；演奏会 n. __________
39.日历；日程表 n. ____________
40.青少年 n. ___________________
41.钱包 n. __________________
42.错误；失误 n. ______________
43.相信；信任 v. ____________
44.经验；经历 n. _______________
45.组织v.______________________
46.建议n.______________
47.正常的adj._________________ 48.解决v._______________________
重点单词辨析
1）Little、a little、few、a few区别
Little “几乎没有”表否定意义，常用来修饰不可数名词
A little “还有一点”表肯定意义，常用来修饰不可数名词
Few “几乎没有”表否定意义，常用来修饰可数名词复数
A few “还有一点”表肯定意义，常用来修饰可数名词复数
2）None和no one
区别：
none即可指人又可指物；而no one只能指人
None作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可；no one作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数
None常用简略答语，可以与of连用；no one只能单独使用，后面不可跟of
none表示数量，而no one不可以表示数量
3）Both、all、none、either与neither区别
both“两者都”；为肯定意义。常常与and和of连用，构成both...and...和both of结构。作主语时谓语动词用复数。
All“全、都（三者以上）”；为肯定意义，即可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词。常常与of连用，作主语时谓语动词用复数。
None“一个也没有（三者以上）”，为否定意义。常常和of连用。作主语时谓语动词单复数均可。
Either“两者中的任一个”；介于两者之间，从二者中任选一个。常常与or连用，有临近原则，作主语时谓语动词取决于离其近的主语。
Neither“两者都不”；为否定意义。常和of或nor连用，构成neither...nor...或neither of结构。有临近原则，作主语时，谓语动词取决于离其近的主语。
4）hope与wish用法区别
hope to do sth.与 wish to do sth.“希望做某事”，二者区别为hope to do sth.侧重于“希望能够实现”；而wish to do sth.侧重于“希望难以实现”；hope to do sth 可以和hope + that从句
表达“希望某人做某事”时，只有wish sb.to do sth.结构，切不可用hope sb.to do sth 结构。而wish后面加that从句时需要用虚拟语气
5）Successful (形容词) “成功的”
success (名词) “成功”
succeed (动词) “成功”
successfully (副词) “成功地”
be successful in doing sth.= succeed in doing sth.“成功做某事”
6）Keep用法，为动词，其意为“保持；继续；照顾；保存”等多种意义。
Keep doing sth. “保持做某事”
Keep sb./ sth.+ 形容词 “保持某种状态”
Keep sb.doing sth. “让某人一直做某事”
7）Every与each的区别：
each着重于个别的含义，强调整体范围内的“每一个个体”；every着重于整体的含义，强调整体范围内的“每一个都”，和all的意思相近。
each可以用来指两个或两个人以上的人或物，但every却是指三个或三个以上的人或物，不能指两个。
Every只能作定语，each不仅可以作定语，而且能作主语和同位语，此时each作代词。
Each和every后的动词必须用单数。
Each作代词时，后面可以接介词of，而every则不可以接介词。
8）Other、the other、others、the others与another区别：
other “其他的；另外的”常作限定词使用，后面可以接名词
the other “两者中的另一个”为特指，常用结构为one..., the other... “一个...；另一个”
others 用于已知的一些人或物中，出去某些后余下的人或物中的一部分。译为“其他”为泛指，常用结构为some..., others... “一些...，另一些...”。Others = other + 可数名词复数
the others用于指一定范围内出去一个或一部分后，余下的全部人或物。译为“其余的；其余全部”为特指，我们常用the others = the other + 可数名词复数
another “另一个；再一个”为泛指，三者或三者以上中的另一个
9）不可数名词
不可数名词前可用a lot of/ lots of/ much/some/ any/ a little/ little/no等修饰
不可数名词量的表达：数词 + 量词 + of + 不可数名词
10）On, in, at接时间状语时的区别：
On后常常接具体某一天或某一天的早午晚
In后常常接某一单时间或早午晚
At后常常接具体的某一时刻
11）until与not...until区别：
Until “直到...为止；到...时”，相当于till
Not...until...“直到...才...”，句中谓语动词常为非延续性动词
12）If 用法详解
if译为“如果”；用来引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则
if译为“是否”；用来引导宾语从句，时态视情况而定。
13）Advice、advise、suggestion与suggest
advice (名词) “建议”；为不可数名词，可以用some、any、much、a little等词修饰，在表示“一条建议”时，用a piece of advice的结构。
Advise(动词) “建议”；为advice的名词形式，在表达“建议某人（不）做某事”时，可用advise sb.(not) to do sth.的结构。
Suggestion (名词)“建议”；为可数名词，其复数形式为suggestions
Suggest (动词) “建议”；为suggestion的名词形式，在表达“建议某人做某事”时，可用结构suggest doing sth.；除此之外suggest后可以接宾语从句，但注意需要用虚拟语气。
期末练习
一、单项选择
1.-The________ in the restaurant is great.
-Yes. People like it because the waiters there are always friendly.
A. service B. price C. food D. seat
2.-How does your father go to work
-On foot. Our house is________ his company.
A. far from B. different from C. the same as D. close to
3.-Your handwriting is beautiful.
-Thank you. I write________ than before.
A. careful B. more careful C. more carefully D. carefully
4.Jane is a creative writer. She is good at________ stories.
A. getting up B. making up C. waking up D. putting up
5.-How do you like________ film The Captain
-I think it's________ most excellent film I have ever seen. I hope to see it again this weekend.
A. the; a B. the; the C. a; the D. a; a
6．Every year________ visitors from the mainland come to Hong Kong to visit Disneyland Park.
A．million B．millions C．million of D．millions of
7．My grandfather wants _________ around the world. He enjoys ________ new places.
A．travelling；seeing B．to travel；to see
C．to travel；seeing D．travelling；to see
8．— does the journey take
—One week.
A．How often B．How soon C．How much D．How long
9．Our teacher often gives us some ________ about ________ English.
A．advices; learn B．advices; learning C．advice; learn D．advice; learning
10．It’s too cold today. Tell him ________the window.
A．don’t open B．not open C．not to open D．not opening
二、完形填空
My family went to Lucky Lake on vacation. Why do people 1 it Lucky Lake Because they think you will have good luck if you have a good time there!
We 2 two tents with us and decided to sleep in the tents (帐篷). An old woman told us to keep some old pots and pans (锅壶瓢盆) in our tents 3 there were large animals around. If we heard something outside, we should bang (猛敲) the pots and pans, and the animals would 4 .
At night, I slept in the same tent 5 my brother Benny and my dog Fangface. It was about 1:00 a.m., and everything around our tent was 6 . Suddenly, I heard something! I took a 7 and banged it. Then I heard 8 hit the tent! I was so scared. My brother got up, too. He looked at me and looked at the dog. He seemed not to be 9 at all. Then he said, “Maybe you shouldn’t bang Fangface’s food bowl to scare away (吓跑) the large animals. He thought you wanted to 10 him and he is wagging his tail!”
1．A．speak B．talk C．call
2．A．tried B．took C．moved
3．A．but B．and C．because
4．A．go out B．wake up C．run away
5．A．at B．with C．of
6．A．clean B．quiet C．different
7．A．bowl B．box C．drum
8．A．everything B．anything C．something
9．A．afraid B．happy C．tired
10．A．feed B．teach C．wash
答案 1．C2．B3．C4．C5．B6．B7．A8．C9．A10．A
三、阅读理解
Life in the future will be different from life today. Between then and now, many changes will take place (发生). But what will the changes be
The population is growing fast. There will be more people in the world and most of them will live longer than people do now.
Computers will be much smaller and more useful and there will be at least one in every home. And computer studies will be one of the mot important subjects in school then.
People will work fewer hours than they do now and they will have more free time for sports, watching TV and travelling. Travelling will be much cheaper and easier. And many people will go to other countries on holidays.
There will be changes in our food, too. More land will be used for building new towns and houses. Then there will be less room for cows and sheep, so meat will be more expensive. Maybe people won’t eat meat every day. Instead, they will eat more fruits and vegetables. And people will be healthier.
Work in the future will also be different. Robots will do dangerous and hard work. Because of this, many people will lose their jobs. This will be a problem.
1．Every family will have at least one ________.
A．robot B．cow C．rocket D．computer
2．In the future, people don’t have to ________.
A．do dangerous work B．work fast
C．walk on foot D．eat meat
3．People may not eat ________ as much as they do today.
A．fruits B．fish C．meat D．rice
4．One big problem in the future is that ________.
A．many people don’t have to work. B．many people will not be able to find work
C．people have to work fast. D．all the work will be done by robots
5．What’t the best title of this passage
A．What are changes B．Life in the future
C．A problem in the future D．Changes of computers
答案 D A C B B
用所给词的适当形式填空
1.You can't expect________ (learn) a foreign language in a few months.
2. Don't do the same thing again and again. I think it is________ (meaning).
3.Henry and I________ (become) friends five years ago.
4.The performance(演出)is very________ (success) and everyone likes it.
5.Don't open that box. It's my________ (person) thing.
6. Look！How (create) this picture is！Who drew it
7. I like this (perform) because she dances quite well.
8. Tom always works hard.He listens to the teachers (careful) than others.
9. On weekends the supermarkets there are very (crowd)．
10. Eric wants to be the (win) in the dancing competition.
五、根据汉语意思完成句子
1.你更喜欢谁,父亲还是母亲？
Who do you like , your father your mother
2. 我们每周锻炼五次。
We exercise .
3.放学后别到处闲逛。
Don’t after school.
4.除非你努力学习，否你则会考试不及格。
you work hard, you pass the exam.
5.亚洲到目前为止是世界上最大的洲。
Asia is by far continent in the world.
6. 他们又走了两个小时在到达山顶之前。
They walked _________________ before getting to the top.
7. 为什么不尝试乘公共汽车去上班
Why not ___________________a bus to go to work
8 你的老师正在教室里等你。
Your teacher is _____________________ you in the classroom.
9. 假期中你坚持用英语写日记了吗？
Did you _____________________ in English during the vacation
10. 通过看电视是一种好的放松方式。
It’s a good way to relax ____________________.
六、句型转换
1. I want to be a teacher when I grow up.(对画线部分提问)
________ ________ you________ to be when you grow up
2. David is going to play soccer this afternoon.(改为否定句)
David________ ________ to play soccer this afternoon.
3. We're going to fly kites tomorrow morning.(改为一般疑问句)
________ ________ ________ to fly kites tomorrow morning
4. They have a soccer game every Saturday. (用 next Saturday 作状语改写句子)
They________ ________ ________ ________ a soccer game next Saturday.
5.I plan to learn to play the guitar next week.(改为同义句)
I________ ________ ________ learn to play the guitar next week.
6. He is going to take care of his grandma.(改为同义句)
He is going to_________ _________ his grandma.
7. He can come to the park on Friday.(改为一般疑问句)
_________ _________ come to the park on Friday
8. I'm busy tonight, so I can't go to the movies with you.(改为同义句)
I'm_________ _________ tonight, so I can't go to the movies with you.
9.Can you go to play with us this Sunday afternoon (改为同义句)
Can you_________ _________ with us this Sunday afternoon
10. Mike didn't accept my invitation yesterday.(改为同义句)
Mike_________ _________ my invitation yesterday.

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