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人教版八上期末词形变化及重点知识复习
词形变换
1.wonder→wonderful（形容词）
2.I→me(人称代词) →my（形容词性物主代词）→mine（名词性物主代词）→myself （反身代词）
3.you→you（人称代词宾格）→your（形容词性物主代词）→yours（名词性物主代词）→yourself/yourselves(反身代词)
4.bore→boring（形容词，修饰物）→bored（形容词，修饰人）
5.Diary→diaries（复数）
6.enjoy→enjoyable （形容词）
7.active→activity（名词）
8.decide→decided （过去式）
9.build→building （名词）
10.trade→trader（名词，之人）商人，交易者
11.different→difference（名词）
12.like→dislike (反义词)
13.one→once (副词)一次
14.two→twice（副词）两次
15.swing→swung（过去式）
16.healthy→health （名词）
17.TV→television(完整形式)
18.body→bodies（复数）
19.die→dying（现在分词）→died（过去式）
20.write→writer（名词，指人）→wrote（过去式）
21.good/well→better（比较级）
22.loud→loudly（副词）
23.quiet→quietly（副词）
pete→competition（名词）比赛→competitor（名词）竞争者→competitive（形容词）
25.clear→clearly（副词）
26.win→won(过去式)
27.talent→talented (形容词)
28.true→truly(副词)
29.care→careful（形容词）小心的→careless（形容词）粗心的
30.say→saying（名词）
31.reach→reaches（第三人称单数形式）
32.break→broke（过去式）
33.share→shared（过去式）→sharing（现在分词）
fort→comfortable（形容词）→comfortably（副词）
35.close→closer（比较级）→closest（最高级）
36.bad/badly→worse（比较级）→worst（最高级）
37.cheap→cheaply（副词）
38.choose→chose（过去式）
39.care→careful（形容词）→carefully（副词）
40.report→reporter（名词，指人）记者
二、重点知识点解析
（一）一般过去时
定义：表示过去某个时间存在的状态或发生的动作；也可表示过去一段时间内经常发生的动作或反复的习惯
构成：
1.含有be动词
（1）肯定句：主语 + be动词 + 其它
（2）否定句：主语 + be动词 + not + 其它
（3）一般疑问句：be动词 + 主语 + 其它
肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + was/were.
否定回答：No, 主语 + wasn’t/ weren’t.
（4）特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 其它？
2.不含be动词
（1）肯定句：主语 + 动词过去式 + 其它
（2）否定句：主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 其它
（3）一般疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其它
肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + did.
否定回答：No, 主语 + didn’t.
（4）特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + did + 主语 + 其它？
时间标志词：-- ago系列two years ago（两年前）；last -- 系列last year（去年）；yesterday系列yesterday morning（昨天上午）；the day before yesterday（昨天）；one -- 系列one morning（某个早上）；that -- 系列that morning（那个上午）；just now（刚刚）；in the past（过去）；at that time（那时）；in + 过去时间。
（二）感叹句
How + 形容词 (+ 主语 + 谓语！)
What (+ a/an) + 名词 (+ 主语 + 谓语！)
我们可以通过找句子的主语谓语来判断用how还是what开头：将句子的主语谓语去掉，看看还有没有名词，有名词用what开头，没名词用how开头。
（三）反意疑问句
反意疑问句由两部分组成，前一部分是对事物的陈述（为陈述句），后一部分是简短的提问（为简短疑问句），中间用逗号隔开，常常遵循“前肯后否，前否后肯”的原则。两部分的人称和时态要一致。回答以事实为依据（肯定事实用yes, 否定事实用no）
注意：当陈述部分有否定意义的，如never, hardly, seldom, few, little等，则后面用肯定结构。
（四）比较级
“形容词/副词比较接 + than” “...比...更...”
Which/Who is 比较级， A or B？
“比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and more + 原级”
“The + 比较级, the + 比较级” “越...就越...”
比较级的修饰词
Much/ a lot/ far + 比较级 “...得多”
A little/ a bit + 比较级 “稍微...”
Even + 比较级 “甚至...”
（五）形容词/副词最高级
The 形容词/副词最高级 + 比较范围（常用in/of/among等） “用于表示三者或三者以上范围中最...”
One of + the 形容词最高级 + 名词复数。
作主语时谓语动词常用单数。
The 序数词 + 最高级
Which is + the + 形容词最高级， A, B or C
注意：形容词最高级前常有the，副词最高级前的the可以省略。但当形容词前有物主代词或名词所有格修饰时可以省略the
（六）一般将来时
通常用来表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也可表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。
时间标志词为：tomorrow (明天), next week (下周), next year (明年), in the future (未来) 等
常用结构：主语 + will + 动词原形 + 其他
注意：其中will为助动词，故在变成否定句或疑问句时变动will即可
There be 将来时：There will be ...“将有...”
期末练习
一、单项选择
1．Teamwork is very important. Nothing will be achieved ________ we work well together.
A．if B．unless C．since D．when
2．Eileen Gu keeps on running every morning ________ it rains heavily outside.
A．when B．until C．since D．unless
3．If it ________ fine tomorrow, I will go hiking with you.
A．is B．was C．will be D．has been
4．Our primary school has changed a lot. If you go there, you _________ the changes.
A．find B．found C．will find D．have found
5．Everyone makes mistakes. No one will make progress ________ he is willing to learn from them.
A．unless B．if C．though D．because
6.-Hey, Mike! Don't you remember me
-You are Paul Oh. I can't see you________ without glasses,
A, loudly B. quietly C. beautifully D. clearly
7.-I'm getting fatter and fatter. What should I do, Doctor
-In order to be healthy, you need to eat________ high-sugar food and take________ exercise.
A. less; less B. more; more C. more; less D. less; more
8.-Li Dong, do you know Zhang Jiqing
-Yes. He donated(捐赠) money to build old people's homes and schools. His story________ me.
A. saved B. missed C. touched D. worried
9.We all love Mr. Smith because he is kind and always helps to________ the best in us.
A. find out B. come out C. take out D. bring out
10.－What do you think of your junior middle school life
-I think it is colorful, ________ I am always busy.
A. if B. though C. while D. until
二、完形填空
Food waste is a huge and worldwide problem. 1 , a report from the UN talks about the problem of food waste in the world. The world wasted about 17% of all the 2 according to the report.
Why is food waste such a problem The report says millions of people were still 3 in 2019 in the world. It also focuses on food waste in several different places — at home, in schools and in 4 . Some people order too much food 5 they can’t eat all of it. That is a serious problem.
Food waste is also bad 6 the earth. When people throw away food, they make the pollution. It makes the climate (气候) get 7 .
It’s important for countries to study food waste more carefully. That will help people find out 8 to solve the problem. From now on, we must clear 9 dishes when we have meals. We also need to finish the food we 10 . Let’s work together to stop food waste.
1．A．Firstly B．Recently C．Finally
2．A．food B．fruit C．things
3．A．happy B．angry C．hungry
4．A．supermarkets B．libraries C．restaurants
5．A．or B．and C．but
6．A．at B．for C．on
7．A．worse B．colder C．better
8．A．when B．how C．where
9．A．our B．your C．their
10．A．get B．grow C．waste
答案1．B2．A3．C4．C5．C6．B7．A8．B9．A10．A
三、阅读理解
Do you know mukbang (吃播） It is about the eating shows in front of the camera (相机) on the Internet. In the shows, mukbangers eat food and sometimes talk to people who watch their videos.
The eating shows started in South Korea in around 2010 and then became popular all over the world. Why did mukbang start in this country Actually, South Korea has the culture of eating together, but eating on one’s own is quite common in the country. Watching mukbang can be a way to have someone to eat with. People can connect (联系) with others even though they are at home alone.
However, mukbang has its bad sides. The way mukbangers eat food in some shows isn’t healthy. These bad eating habits can bring serious health problems. Worse still, some mukbangers prepare a lot of food but throw away much food without others knowing during the show or after the show. These mukbangers waste (浪费) a lot of food.
Now, many people criticize such shows. Food waste is a serious problem around the world, and lots of people still don’t have enough food to eat. Our country does a lot of things to solve the problem and asks short-video platforms, such as TikTok and Kuaishou, to take action.
1．If we watch mukbang videos, we may probably see ________.
A．someone is telling stories B．someone is having some delicious food
C．someone is cooking a meal D．someone is playing games
2．Which of the following is true according to the second paragraph
A．Mukbang appeared about 20 years ago.
B．Mukbang is just popular around South Korea.
C．Very few people in South Korea eat on their own.
D．Watching mukbang videos can make people feel they are eating with someone.
3．The problem of mukbang is that some mukbangers ________.
A．don’t have enough food to eat
B．show different eating habits to people
C．disagree with the culture of eating together
D．don’t eat all the food they prepare and throw much of it away
4．What does the word “criticize” in Paragraph 4 mean in Chinese
A．表扬 B．报道 C．批评 D．期待
5．The best title of this passage is ________.
A．Bad Eating Habits B．Food Waste Around the World
C．Eating on Camera D．The Culture of Eating in South Korea
答案1．B 2．D 3．D 4．C 5．C
用所给词的适当形式填空
1. We must keep (diary)to improve our writing skills(写作技巧)．
2．Can you find some (difference)between the twin brothers
3. There is (something)difficult if you work hard.
4. We have many (activity)after school，such as playing football and reading books.
5．Do you want to visit (somewhere) beautiful
6.They plan________ (visit) the Palace Museum tomorrow.
7.The Battle at Lake Changjin is________ (education) because it tells us to remember heroes(英雄)，Without them, there would be no happy life now.
8.After a________ (discuss), my family decided to go to Yunnan on vacation.
9.Mount Huang is very beautiful, and I hope________ (climb) it again.
10.Thirteen is often believed to be a(n) ________ (lucky) number in western countries.
五、根据汉语意思完成句子
1.他决定每周在那儿做一次志愿活动。
He decided ________ ______ there ______ a week.
我不介意打开门。
I ________ ________ opening the door.
鲁迅因他的作品而出名。
Lu Xun ______ ______ ______ his writings.
这个小女孩不能忍受西餐。
The little girl ________ ________ Western food.
5.这部卡通片于1928年11月18日在纽约上映。
This cartoon ____________ ____________ in New York ____________ November 18,1928.
6. 我的英语老师总是尽力把我最好的一面表现出来。
My English teacher always tries her best ____________________the best in me.
7. 老师让我调查谁打破了玻璃？
The teacher asked me _____________________who broke the window.
8. 他不介意再昨天的聚会上打扮成美猴王。
He didn’t mind_____________________ Monkey King in the party yesterday.
9. 你爸爸不要你熬夜玩游戏是因为他关心你。
Your father doesn’t want you to stay up playing games because he __________ you.
10. 因为小强懒，所以他不能忍受天天读英语。
Because Xiao Qiang is lazy, he __________________ English every day.
六、句型转换
1. Why don't you turn on the lights (改为祈使句)
________ ________ the lights, please!
2. You shouldn't drive cars after drinking wine.(改为祈使句)
________ ________ cars after drinking wine.
3. With the help of my friend, I learned about sending messages.(对画线部分提问)
________ ________ you learn about sending messages
4.You should cook it for 30 minutes.(对画线部分提问)
________ ________ ________ I cook it
5. They will study abroad after they finish high school.(改为同义句)
They won't study abroad_________ they_________ high school.
6.She thinks John is the best actor..(改为同义句)
She thinks John is________ ________ the other actors.
7.Anna studies harder than Grace and Gina..(改为同义句)
Anna studies________ ________ of the three.
8.How do you like the talk show .(改为同义句)
________ do you________ ________ the talk show
9. I think this story is the funniest of all the stories..(改为同义句)
I think this story is________ ________ ________ ________ story.
10. I think English is more difficult than any other subject..(改为同义句)
I think English is________ ________ ________ subject.

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