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8B U1 知识点
Welcome to the unit
past and present 过去和现在
in the past 在过去
in the present在现在
at present 现在
past 形容词 从前的，过去的；刚过去的 in the past few years
副词 经过 They walked past without stopping.
present 名词 礼物，礼品
动词 赠送；颁发
形容词 出席，在场 作表语后置定语 All the people present agree with him.
现存的，当前的 作前置定语 the present owner of the house
Everyone present presented a new book to that girl as a present just now. Look, how happy she is at present.
Eddie, have you seen my food
Yes. I’ve just eaten it.
just 刚刚，刚才 常与现在完成时连用
just now 刚刚，刚才 常与一般过去时连用
just then 就在那时 at that moment 常与一般过去时连用
You’ve changed, Eddie.
change into 变成
change …into… 把…变成…
change from … to… 从…变成…
change 名词 可数 改变，变化；不可数 零钱
You used to share food with me!
sb used to do 过去常常做某事
sb didn’t use to do\usedn’t to do
Did sb use to do … \ Used sb to do…
There used to be 曾经有
You used to be so kind to me
so 这么，这样，如此，那么，那样；很，极
so… that… 如此… 以至于…
I think so.\I hope so.\I am afraid so.
Transport at different times
time 名词 时代；时期 常用复数
时间 不可数
次，回
倍数 This planet is about ten times the weight of the earth.
I used to go to school by bike.
交通方式：
take a\an\the+交通工具（bus\train\ship） ride a bike
by+交通工具(bike\bus\car\plane\train\underground\sea\land\air) on foot
in a\an\the+交通工具(car)
on a\an\the+交通工具(plane\bike\train)
Well, there were always too many people on the bus, and it took a long time to wait for the next one.
too many 太多
too much 太多
much too 太，非常
It takes (sb) some time to do sth 做某事花费某人多长时间
人+spend+时间\金钱+on sth 在…上花费时间\金钱
人+spend+时间+(in) doing sth 花费时间做某事
物+cost+(sb)+金钱 某物花费某人多少钱
人+pay+(sb)+金钱+for sth 付某人多少钱买…
人+pay for sth 为…付钱
人+pay sb to do sth 花钱雇某人做某事
one 泛指前面提到的同类事物中的一个，即同类异物
it 特指前面提高的同一事物，即同类同物
Reading
I’ve lived here since I was born.
since 连词 自…以来，从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时
因为，由于，表示显而易见的或已知的原因，语气比because弱
介词 since+过去时间点 since last week\since two days ago
since then 自那以来，从那以后
Have you ever moved house
ever 曾经，在任何时候，从来
实义动词之前，助动词之后，主要用于疑问句、否定句、比较结构
I haven’t ever forgotten what she did to me.
It was raining harder than ever.
move 搬家，搬迁；移动
move to
move in
move away
move on
move out
I first lived in the northern part of town with my parents.
first 开始之时，最初 at\in the beginning
in the northern part of = in the north of
When I got married in 1965, my wife and I move two blocks away.
get married 已婚，结婚
be married 已婚，结婚
be\get married to 与某人结婚
wife wives
knife \wolf \thief \shelf \self \life \half \leaf
move away
go away
run away
take away
put away
keep …away from…
far away
right away
Has the town changed a lot over the years
a lot 作状语，表示程度，常用来修饰动词\比较级
作主语\宾语，很多；大量，后面常接不定式
There is a lot to see at the party.
a lot of\lots of+名词
over the years =during the years
Now the government has turned part of the town centre into a new park.
turn … into…
turn into
turn over
turn round
turn down
turn up
turn off
turn on
turn back
turn out
in turn
turn 变成，成为
Was pollution a problem then
pollution 不可数名词 污染，污染物
pollute 动词 污染
light pollution
air pollution
water pollution
noise pollution
solid waste pollution
problem 问题，难题 solve\work out the problem
question 问题 ask\answer the question
have problems (in) doing sth 做某事有困难
have problems with sth 在…方面有困难
There was once a steel factory near the Sunshine River.
There be 某处\某时有某某
There isn’t anybody in the classroom.
There are two boys and a girl under the tree.
There may\must\can\... +be…
There is\are…
There was\were…
There will be\is going to be…
There have\has been…
They often put the waste into the river.
put…into…把…排入\放入…;把…(时间，精力等)投入…
put away
put back
put down
put off
put up
put in
put on
waste 不可数名词 废料；废品
可数名词 浪费 a waste of
动词 waste sth on sth\waste sth (in) doing sth
Later the government realized the problem and took action to improve the situation.
realize 意识到；实现
come true 实现，成为现实
improve 改进，改善
improvement 名词
Now the river is much cleaner.
much\a lot\a little\a bit\far\even+比较级
Well, in some ways it it.
in some ways 在某种程度上；在某些方面
in different ways
on one’s way to…
in the\one’s way to…
lose one’s way
by the way
no way
It’s really nice to have a beautiful modern town.
It is +形容词+for\of sb + to do sth
当形容词是表示人的个性特征、品质的词时，用of
当形容词是表示事物特点的词时，用for
However, most of my old friends have moved away.
however 副词，位于句首或者句中，常用逗号隔开
but连词，位于分句的句首
It has become impossible for us to see each other as often as before.
impossible possible
impossibly possibly
possibility
as…as…像…一样…
not as…as…\not so…as…
before 副词，以前，过去
介词，在…以前；在…面前
连词，在…以前 引导时间状语从句
Now I feel a bit lonely from time to time.
a bit\a little\a little bit
a bit of\a little
lonely 孤独的，寂寞的；人迹罕至的，偏僻的
alone 形容词 独自的，单独的
副词，独自，单独 by oneself
from time to time 不时，有时，偶尔
sometimes
at times
at the same time
on time
in time
in no time
at a time
for the first time
spare time
all the time
once upon a time
Anyway, it’s good to see the amazing changes in the town.
anyway 尽管，即使这样，无论如何
amazing
amazed
ing形式的形容词 表示事物的性质或者特征，意为 令人…的
ed形式的形容词 表示（身体上或精神上的）状态或内心的感受，意为 感到…的
exciting excited
surprising surprised
interesting interested
tiring tired
not happy because of being alone
because of
because
Amazing changes have taken place in Sunshine town.
take place
happen
take one’s place \take the place of
Tell me more about your interview with Mr Chen, Millie.
interview 名词 采访，会见；面试
动词 采访，访问
interview sb = have an interview with sb
interviewer
interviewee
Has he lived in Sunshine Town all his life
all one’s life 一生 all their lives
lose one’s life
save one’s life
during\in one’s life
live a happy life
What was the town like in the past
What’s sb\sth like
What does sb\sth look like
What does sb\sth like
Luckily, the government took action to improve the situation later.
luck lucky luckily
unlucky unluckily
Grammar
They have finished their homework already.
finish 从此 完成；结束
John has never visited China.
never 副词 从未；绝不
实义动词之前，be动词、助动词、情态动词之后
My parents haven’t come back yet.
yet 副词 位于句末 否定句中 表示还，仍；一般疑问句中 表示已经 not yet还未
already 副词 已经，常用于肯定句；用于疑问句有惊喜、意外的意味
Have you seen any films recently, Sandy
recently 副词 最近，近来
recent 形容词 近来的，最近的
Oh, I think I have heard about the film.
hear about sb\sth听说 hear of
hear from sb收到…的来信 get\receive a letter from
Integrated skills & Study skills
Transport: bus and bicycle
transport 名词 交通车辆，运输工具
动词 运输，运送，输送
bus coach subway\underground train
taxi car electric bike motorcycle
bicycle plane helicopter ship
Living conditions: old houses
condition 名词 环境，条件，状况 常用复数
状态，健康状况
in condition健康状况好
out of condition健康状况欠佳
be in (a) good\bad condition 处于好的\坏的状态
She’s just returned from the USA.
return 动词 返回 =come\go back
return from…
return to…
return home
名词 返回，回来
When did you last see each other
last 副词 最近，上一次；最后
形容词 最近的，上一个的，最后的
名词 最后的人\事
动词 持续，延续
She went abroad with her parents.
abroad 副词 到国外，在国外
travel abroad
study abroad
live abroad
from abroad
at\from home and abroad
So how do you keep in touch with each other
keep in touch =stay in touch保持联系
be out of touch 失去联系
keep in touch (with sb)
be in touch (with sb)
get in touch (with sb)
We mainly communicate by email.
communicate 动词 交流，交际
communicate with sb 与某人交流
communication 名词交流
The Internet makes communication much easier.
make sb\sth + 形容词 使某人\某物…
make sb\sth+do sth
make sb\sth+ 名词
make sb\sth +done
Exactly.
exactly 副词 正是，没错；确切地，精确地，准确地
exact 形容词 准确的，精确的
The new shopping mall is a good place to have fun.
动词不定式作后置定语，不及物动词要加上介词
He has a lot of books to read.
She doesn’t have a pen to write with.
A river runs through the centre of town.
through 穿过，通过
across穿过，通过
over越过
through 自始至终，从头到尾 You’re not allowed to chat through our class.
穿过 He went through the forest the next day.
通过（障碍，阶段，测试）We’ve gone through a tough time.
凭借（表示方式）I learnt of the position through a job-hunting website.
Life is getting better in many ways.
get 变成，变得
获得，得到 He got first prize in the contest.
收到，接到 I didn’t get any letters from him.
It is not easy to get used to the changes of life quickly.
get\be used to (doing) sth习惯于，适应与
used to do 过去常做某事
be used to do sth 被用于做某事
Now I go to school by bus on my own.
on one’s own 单独，独自，独立地
of one’s own 属于某人自己的
Task
In the past, there were only narrow and dirty roads in the small town.
narrow 形容词 狭窄的；狭隘的
wide 宽的
But now the streets are wide and clean, with many green trees on both sides.
The government has also built shops and tall buildings in some large open spaces.
open spaces 开阔的空地
space 空间，太空
Years ago, people lived in small old houses.
…but now they can go around by bus or taxi.
go around 参观，四处走动
go around 旋转，转动
When I was in London, I went around by tube.
How do you make the wheels go around
As we all know, the earth goes around the sun.

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