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2024 年高考高三英语语法填空复习——诺贝尔奖话题
北京时间 10 月 5 日 19:00，2023 年诺贝尔文学奖揭晓：挪威作家约恩·福瑟（Jon Fosse） 获奖， 因其创新性的戏剧和散文表达了无法言说的心声。
Norwegian author and playwright Jon Fosse awarded Nobel Prize in Literature
Norwegian author and playwright Jon Fosse has been awarded the 2023 Nobel Prize in Literature. The author was announced as the 1 (win) in a ceremony at the Swedish Academy in Stockholm 5 October, 2 was also livestreamed online.
The prize 3 (consist) of a gold medal, diploma and cash sum, and is awarded each year “to the person who, in the field of literature, produced 4 most outstanding work in an idealistic direction”. The value of the monetary prize changes from year to year, 5 (base) on the Nobel Foundation's finances.
Fosse was informed of the win via telephone. “Not every laureate believes me when I make the call,” the announcer said, “but he was prepared to have 6 (confident) until one o'clock. He was driving in the countryside in Norway, and we had the opportunity 7 (start) speaking about 8 (practice) matters for the Nobel week in December.”
Over the course of his career, Fosse, 64, had written more than 40 acclaimed works. His 2022 novel A New Name: Septology VI-VII, translated into English 9 Damion Searls, was shortlisted for the International Booker Prize.
Last year, the prize 10 (give) to French author Annie Ernaux, known for writing La Place and Les Années.
1. winner 2. which 3. consists 4. the 5. based 6. confidence 7. to start 8. practical 9. by10. was given
北京时间 10 月 4 日下午 17:45 ，2023 年诺贝尔化学奖揭晓： 蒙吉 · 巴文迪（Moungi
Bawendi）、路易斯 · 布鲁斯（Louis Brus）和阿列克谢 · 叶基莫夫（Alexei Ekimov）获奖， 以表彰 他们对量子点的发现与合成所作的贡献。
Trio wins Nobel Prize in chemistry for work on quantum dots
Three scientists based in the U.S. won the Nobel Prize in chemistry on October 4 for their work on quantum dots — tiny particles just a few atoms in diameter that can release very bright colored light and 1 applications in everyday life include electronics and medical imaging.
Moungi Bawendi, of MIT; Louis Brus, of Columbia University; and Alexei Ekimov, of Nanocrystals Technology Inc., 2 (honour) for their work with the particles that “have unique properties and now spread their light from television screens 3 LED lamps,” according to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, which announced 4 award in Stockholm.
Quantum dots' electrons have constrained movement, which 5 (affect) how they absorb and release visible light, 6 (allow) for very bright colors.
The dots are nanoparticles that glow blue, red, or green when 7 (expose) to light. The color they emit depends on the size of the particles. 8 (large) dots shine red, and smaller dots shine blue. The color change is due to how electrons act 9 (different) in more or less confined spaces.
Ekimov, 78, and Brus, 80, are early pioneers of the technology recognized Wednesday, while Bawendi, 62, is credited with revolutionizing the 10 (produce) of quantum dots “resulting in almost perfect particles. This high quality was necessary for them to be utilized in applications,” the academy said.
1. whose 2. were honored 3. to 4. the 5. affects 6. allowing 7. exposed 8. Larger 9. differently 10. production
【01 】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Tanzanian novelist Abdulrazak Gumah, 72, won the 2021 Nobel Prize in Literature. News of the award was greeted with 1 (excite) in Zanzibar.
Gumah is 2 author of 10 novels, including “Memory of Departure,” and “Pilgrims Way.” His novel “Paradise” is set in colonial East Africa during the First World War. Many of his works explore 3 he has called “one of the stories of our times,” the deep influence of migration both 4 people and the places they make their new homes.
He has said he “stumbled (跌跌撞撞) into” writing after 5 (arrive) in England as a way of exploring the emigrant (移民) experience — both the loss and liberation.
Gumah’s native language is Swahili, 6 he writes in English. He is only the 7 (six)
Africa-born writer to be awarded the Nobel for literature. Since it 8 (found) in 1901, it has been awarded to European and North American writers.
Anders Olsson is chairman of the Nobel Committee for literature. He called Gumah “one of the world’s 9 (outstanding) post-colonial writers.” He said it was 10 (significance) that Gumah’s roots are in Zanzibar, a place that “was cosmopolitan (国际化) long before globalization...”.
【02 】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Nobel Prize is widely considered as the world’s most famous award. It is awarded for people 11 (make) achievements in physics, chemistry, physiology, medicine, literature, peace and economics. In 1900, it 12 (design) by the Swedish inventor Alfred Nobel as a means to formally recognise the men and women who have made a significant 13 (contribute) to cultural or scientific advancement.
It is believed that Nobel was inspired 14 (create) the awards after reading an obituary (讣告) in a French newspaper relating to his death. Nobel, who was 15 (obvious) still alive at the time, was deeply upset by the obituary saying that “The merchant ( 商人) of death is dead. ” The inventor, who was well-known 16 the creation of lots of weapons( 武器), was frightened to discover that this was how the world would remember him. So he decided after he died, a large amount of his money would be used to create 17 number of prizes that would be awarded to those who award the “greatest benefit to mankind ”. These prizes were to be awarded in the 18 (field) of literature, physics, chemistry, physiology and peace.
The Nobel Foundation was created, 19 would take control of Nobel’s donation and arrange for the awarding of the 20 (vary) prizes.
【03 】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个恰当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry 21 (award)to Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer A ．Doudna recently. The two female scientists won the prize 22 the development of a method of genome (基因组) editing.
Gene editing has a wide 23 (apply) across the world. It can 24 (direct) change the DNA of a lifeform and has the potential of leading to 25 (benefit) results.
One of the most convenient methods of gene editing is called CRISPR/Cas9, 26 was discovered by the two Nobel winners. The method enables scientists to cut a sequence of DNA into two pieces, 27 (allow) nature to “repair” it. During the repair process, errors will be introduced to create a different sequence of DNA, thus resulting in an 28 (edit) gene.
In simple words, CRISPR/Cas9 is the “scissors” of genes. The greatness of CRISPR/Cas9 lies in extreme accuracy. It also enables humans to breed (孕有) more plant varieties and develop better treatment of cancer.
In the future, the discovery 29 (expect) to have a revolutionary impact on the life science and make the
dream of curing some diseases come true.
There will be no traditional Nobel Awarding Ceremony in Stockholm this year due to the COVID-19, 30
an online version will be held instead.
【04 】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
French Woman Wins Nobel Literature Prize
French writer Annie Ernaux won the 2022 Nobel Prize in Literature, the Swedish Academy announced on Thursday. Ernaux was born in 1940 and 31 (grow) up in the small town of Yvetot in Normandy, France. She is one of the most influential female writers in contemporary French literary circles. Ernaux, 32 is 82 years old, earned the prize for the way she writes about the complex nature of personal memory. Ernaux started out writing fiction based on her own life, 33 quickly moved from fiction to factual stories about her life. She wrote more than 20 books. Most of them are very short. They record events in her life and the lives of those around her. Her book A Man’s Place, about her relationship with her father, was the first 34 (bring) her fame. She wrote, “This neutral writing style comes to me 35 (natural).” Her most highly praised book is The Years, 36 (publish) in 2008. She describes 37 (she) and French society from the end of World War II to the present day. Unlike in 38 (early) books, in The Years, Ernaux writes about herself in the 39 (three) person, calling her character “she” rather than “I”. The book received many awards and 40 (honor).
【05 】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Economists Abhijit Banerjee, Esther Duflo and Michael Kremer won the 2019 Nobel Economics Prize for their work in fighting against poverty (贫困), 41 is an award for their efforts to help millions of children around the world.
Duflo became the second female economics 42 (win) in the prize’s history, as well as 43 youngest. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said their work had shown how poverty could be addressed by 44 (break) it down into smaller and more precise questions in areas such as education and healthcare, making problems much 45 (easy) to solve.
“Our goal 46 (be) to make sure that the fight against poverty is based 47 scientific evidence,” Duflo said.
While the UN estimates (估计) that global poverty 48 (cut) by more than half since 2000, it says one in 10 people in developing regions still live on less than $1.90 a day.
Asked whether Duflo’s award was an attempt 49 (correct) the gender imbalance in the prize’s history, Peter Fredriksson, chair of the Nobel Committee for Economic Sciences, said it showed that women were becoming 50 (increasing) important in economics.
【06 】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The 2020 Nobel in Chemistry was awarded to Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer A ．Doudnn. The two female scientists won the prize 51 the development a method of genome (基因组) editing.
Gene editing has a wide 52 (apply) across the world. It can 53 (direct) change the DNA of a lifeform and has the potential of leading to 54 (benefit) results.
One of the most convenient methods of gene editing is called CRISPR/Cas9, 55 was discovered by the two Nobel winners. The method enables scientists to cut a sequence of DNA into two pieces, 56 (allow) nature to “repair” it. During the repair process, errors will be introduced to create a different sequence of DNA, thus resulting in an 57 (edit) gene.
In simple words, CRISPR/Cas9 is the “scissors” of genes. The greatness of CRISPR/Cas9 lies in extreme
accuracy. It also enables humans to breed (孕育) more plant 58 (variety) and develop better treatment.
In the future, the discovery 59 (expect) to have a revolutionary impact on the life science and make the dream of curing some diseases come true. There will be no traditional Nobel Awarding Ceremony in Stockholm this year due to the COVID-19, 60 an online version will be held instead.
【07 】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
In 2020, the Nobel Peace Prize 61 (award) to the World Food Programme (WFP) for its efforts to fight hunger.
The WFP, 62 (found) in 1961, is the largest food-assistance branch of the United Nations. In
emergencies, it is often the first on the scene, delivering food assistance to the victims of wars, civil conflicts, earthquakes, and crop 63 (fail) due to natural disasters. In 2019, the UN organization helped 97 million people in 88 countries 64 are victims of serious food insecurity and hunger, the 65 (high) number since 2012.
In 2015, ending hunger was adopted 66 one of the UN’s Sustainable (可持续的) Development Goals. Primarily, the WFP works to realize this goal. It works hard 67 (help) people who cannot produce or obtain enough food for 68 (they) and their families.
The WFP plays 69 important role in fighting hunger for world peace. The Nobel Committee wishes to emphasize that providing aid to increase food security not just 70 (effective) prevents hunger, but also helps to promote stability and peace.
【08 】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) is the winner of the 2020 Nobel Peace Prize, which 71 (award) in Norway by the Nobel Committee last month According to the Nobel judges, they presented the prize to WFP for its efforts to fight against hunger and its contribution to 72 (improve) health conditions in conflict-affected areas. The award is 73 incredible recognition of the dedication of their tireless efforts 74 (end) hunger in 80-plus countries.
World Food Programme is the 75 (large) humanitarian organization in the world. In 2019, it 76 (give) help to more than 97 million people all over the world. In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic added to global food insecurity and there were 265 million starving people within a year.
The UN Secretary-General, Antonio Guterres, made it clear 77 the WFP is the world’s first responder on the frontlines of food insecurity. Its workers and volunteers often work in 78 (extreme) dangerous
conditions. These can be in remote, hard-to-access areas of the world. Over two-thirds of 79 (it) work is in conflict-affected countries or war zones, where people are three times more likely to starve than those in countries without conflict. WFP therefore serves 80 a driving force to prevent the use of hunger as a weapon of war and conflict.
【09 】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Born in Ningbo, in 1930, Tu Youyou 81 (graduate) from Peking University Medical School in 1955 and then worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing. She joined a team of scientists 82 the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria in 1967 and two years 83 (late), she was appointed the head of the project. She and her team decided 84 (review) ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanical treatments for the disease. They discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in 85 fight against malaria. One medical text from the fourth century suggested 86 (use) the extract from sweet worm-wood to treat a fever. They did experiment after
experiment and 87 (final) found a substance by lowering the temperature to draw out the extract. After many 88 (fail), they at last found artemisinin, 89 soon became a standard treatment for malaria and has saved millions of lives worldwide. For this, Tu Youyou 90 (award) the Nobel Prize for
Physiology or Medicine in 2015.
【10 】阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The 2022 Nobel Prize in Literature is awarded to the French author Annie Ernaux, the Swedish Academy announced on Thursday. She is one of 91 most influential female writers in contemporary（当代）French literary circles.
Growing up in the small town of Yvetot in Normandy, France, Ernaux, who is 82 years old, 92 （ earn） the prize for the way she writes about the complex nature of personal memory. Ernaux started out writing fiction based 93 her own life. Her more than 20 books, most of them very short, record events in her life and the lives of those around her.
Her book A Man’s Place, about her relationship with her father, was the first 94 （bring ）her fame. She wrote, “This neutral（中立） writing style comes to me naturally.”
Her most 95 （critical）favored book “The Years”, 96 （publish）in 2008 , received numerous awards and honors. Unlike in previous books, in “The Years,” Ernaux writes about herself in the third person, 97 （call）her character “she” rather than “I”, and describing herself and much 98 （wide）French society from the end of World War II to the present day.
Anders Olsson, chairman, Nobel Committee for literature, said Ernaux’s work was often “uncompromising and written in plain and clean language.” “ 99 she has achieved is fairly admirable.” He told reporters after the 100 （announce ）in Stockholm, Sweden.
【11 】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
2021 Annual People Award Ceremony was held. Ten people 101 (award) for their moving story and significant contribution to the society.
Renowned ( 有 名 望 的) Nobel Prize-winning physicist, Yang Zhenning, 102 (become) the first
Chinese-American scientist who applied to return to China 103 the US just lifted the ban on visits to
China in 1971. Yang also sponsored (赞助)hundreds of Chinese scholars to further their studies in the US through a committee for education exchanges 104 was established by him in New York. These talents 105 (late) became the backbone of the 106 (construct) of China.
Another nominee ( 被提名者) was Su Bingtian, the first Chinese sprinter 107 (compete) in the men’s
100-meter sprint final at the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games. 108 (be) a 32-year-old man, he shocked the world by finishing first in his group with a time of 9.83 seconds on the semi-final, 0.08 seconds 109 (fast) than his Asian record of 9.91 seconds in 2018. We are proud for 110 he had achieved.
【12 】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Two scientists, Germany’s Benjamin List and Scotland-born David MacMillan, have won the 2021 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 111 (develop) a molecule-building （分子建构 ）tool that can produce many important compounds in a “greener” way.
The process of making molecules 112 (require) the linking of individual atoms together in specific positions. This can be very slow and difficult. For many years, chemists only used either complex enzymes（酶） 113 metal catalysts（催化剂） .
That all changed in 2000, when List and MacMillan 114 (independence) reported that small organic molecules can be used to do the same job.
The process has made the production of some drugs much 115 (easy). It noted that an 116 (estimate) 35 percent of the world’s total GDP, in some way involves chemical catalysis.
Speaking after the 117 (announce), List said the award came as a “huge surprise”. He said at the beginning he did not know that MacMillan was working on the same subject, and he thought his effort might turn out to be, what he called, 118 “stupid idea” .
MacMillan said the start of his catalysis work was a pretty simple idea 119 really sparked a lot of different research. He added, “The part we’re just so proud of is that you don’t have to have huge amounts of equipment and money 120 (do) fine things in chemistry.”2024 年高考高三英语语法填空复习——诺贝尔奖话题
北京时间 10 月 5 日 19:00，2023 年诺贝尔文学奖揭晓：挪威作家约恩·福瑟（Jon Fosse） 获奖， 因其创新性的戏剧和散文表达了无法言说的心声。
Norwegian author and playwright Jon Fosse awarded Nobel Prize in Literature
Norwegian author and playwright Jon Fosse has been awarded the 2023 Nobel Prize in Literature. The author was announced as the 1 (win) in a ceremony at the Swedish Academy in Stockholm 5 October, 2 was also livestreamed online.
The prize 3 (consist) of a gold medal, diploma and cash sum, and is awarded each year “to the person who, in the field of literature, produced 4 most outstanding work in an idealistic direction”. The value of the monetary prize changes from year to year, 5 (base) on the Nobel Foundation's finances.
Fosse was informed of the win via telephone. “Not every laureate believes me when I make the call,” the announcer said, “but he was prepared to have 6 (confident) until one o'clock. He was driving in the countryside in Norway, and we had the opportunity 7 (start) speaking about 8 (practice) matters for the Nobel week in December.”
Over the course of his career, Fosse, 64, had written more than 40 acclaimed works. His 2022 novel A New Name: Septology VI-VII, translated into English 9 Damion Searls, was shortlisted for the International Booker Prize.
Last year, the prize 10 (give) to French author Annie Ernaux, known for writing La Place and Les Années.
1. winner 2. which 3. consists 4. the 5. based 6. confidence 7. to start 8. practical 9. by10. was given
北京时间 10 月 4 日下午 17:45 ，2023 年诺贝尔化学奖揭晓： 蒙吉 · 巴文迪（Moungi
Bawendi）、路易斯 · 布鲁斯（Louis Brus）和阿列克谢 · 叶基莫夫（Alexei Ekimov）获奖， 以表彰 他们对量子点的发现与合成所作的贡献。
Trio wins Nobel Prize in chemistry for work on quantum dots
Three scientists based in the U.S. won the Nobel Prize in chemistry on October 4 for their work on quantum dots — tiny particles just a few atoms in diameter that can release very bright colored light and 1 applications in everyday life include electronics and medical imaging.
Moungi Bawendi, of MIT; Louis Brus, of Columbia University; and Alexei Ekimov, of Nanocrystals Technology Inc., 2 (honour) for their work with the particles that “have unique properties and now spread their light from television screens 3 LED lamps,” according to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, which announced 4 award in Stockholm.
Quantum dots' electrons have constrained movement, which 5 (affect) how they absorb and release visible light, 6 (allow) for very bright colors.
The dots are nanoparticles that glow blue, red, or green when 7 (expose) to light. The color they emit depends on the size of the particles. 8 (large) dots shine red, and smaller dots shine blue. The color change is due to how electrons act 9 (different) in more or less confined spaces.
Ekimov, 78, and Brus, 80, are early pioneers of the technology recognized Wednesday, while Bawendi, 62, is credited with revolutionizing the 10 (produce) of quantum dots “resulting in almost perfect particles. This high quality was necessary for them to be utilized in applications,” the academy said.
1. whose 2. were honored 3. to 4. the 5. affects 6. allowing 7. exposed 8. Larger 9. differently 10. production
【01 】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Tanzanian novelist Abdulrazak Gumah, 72, won the 2021 Nobel Prize in Literature. News of the award was greeted with 1 (excite) in Zanzibar.
Gumah is 2 author of 10 novels, including “Memory of Departure,” and “Pilgrims Way.” His novel “Paradise” is set in colonial East Africa during the First World War. Many of his works explore 3 he has called “one of the stories of our times,” the deep influence of migration both 4 people and the places they make their new homes.
He has said he “stumbled (跌跌撞撞) into” writing after 5 (arrive) in England as a way of exploring the emigrant (移民) experience — both the loss and liberation.
Gumah’s native language is Swahili, 6 he writes in English. He is only the 7 (six)
Africa-born writer to be awarded the Nobel for literature. Since it 8 (found) in 1901, it has been awarded to European and North American writers.
Anders Olsson is chairman of the Nobel Committee for literature. He called Gumah “one of the world’s 9 (outstanding) post-colonial writers.” He said it was 10 (significance) that Gumah’s roots are in Zanzibar, a place that “was cosmopolitan (国际化) long before globalization...”.
1．excitement 2．the 3．what 4．on 5．arriving 6．but 7．sixth 8．was founded
9 ．most outstanding 10 ．significant
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。介绍了诺贝尔文学奖获得者——Abdulrazak Gumah。
1 ．考查名词。句意：获奖的消息在桑给巴尔岛引起了热烈的反响。根据空前介词“with”可知，空处应为名 词 excitement 作宾语，为不可数名词。故填 excitement。
2．考查冠词。句意：Gumah 是《离别的记忆》、《朝圣者之路》等 10 部小说的作者。根据句意可知，Gumah 是 10 部小说的作者，应为特指。故填 the。
3 ．考查宾语从句。句意：他的许多作品探索了他所谓的“我们这个时代的故事之一” ，即移民对人和他们建 立新家的地方的深刻影响。分析句子成分可知，空处应为引导宾语从句的引导词，且在宾语从句中充当宾 语，表示“ …… 的东西” ，应用 what 来引导宾语从句。故填 what。
4 ．考查介词。句意：他的许多作品探索了他所谓的“我们这个时代的故事之一” ，即移民对人和他们建立新 家的地方的深刻影响。固定搭配 the influence on sth“对…… 的影响”。故填 on。
5 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：他说，他在抵达英国后“无意中”开始写作，作为一种探索移民经历的方式—— 既失落又解放。根据空前介词“after”可知，空处应为动名词作宾语。故填 arriving。
6 ．考查连词。句意：Gumah 的母语是斯瓦希里语，但他用英语写作。根据句意可知，前后为转折含义。 故填 but。
7 ．考查序数词。句意：他是第六位获得诺贝尔文学奖的非洲裔作家。根据空前定冠词“the”可知，空处应 为序数词。故填 sixth。
8 ．考查谓语动词。句意： 自 1901 年成立以来，该奖项一直授予欧洲和北美的作家。分析句子成分可知， 空处应为谓语动词。根据时间状语“in 1901”以及主语“it”可知，应为一般过去时，it 和动词 found 是被动关 系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，be 动词应用 was。故填 was founded。
9 ．考查形容词最高级。句意：他称 Gumah 是“世界上最杰出的后殖民作家之一”。固定用法 one of +adj.- 最高级+可数名词复数。故填 most outstanding。
10 ．考查形容词。句意：他说，Gumah 的根在桑给巴尔是很重要的，这个地方“在全球化之前很久就已经 国际化了”。根据空前的“was”可知，空处应为形容词作表语。故填 significant。
【02 】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Nobel Prize is widely considered as the world’s most famous award. It is awarded for people 11 (make) achievements in physics, chemistry, physiology, medicine, literature, peace and economics. In 1900, it 12 (design) by the Swedish inventor Alfred Nobel as a means to formally recognise the men and women who have made a significant 13 (contribute) to cultural or scientific advancement.
It is believed that Nobel was inspired 14 (create) the awards after reading an obituary (讣告) in a French newspaper relating to his death. Nobel, who was 15 (obvious) still alive at the time, was deeply upset by the obituary saying that “The merchant ( 商人) of death is dead. ” The inventor, who was well-known 16 the creation of lots of weapons( 武器), was frightened to discover that this was how the world would remember him. So he decided after he died, a large amount of his money would be used to create 17 number of prizes that would be awarded to those who award the “greatest benefit to mankind ”. These prizes were to be awarded in the 18 (field) of literature, physics, chemistry, physiology and peace.
The Nobel Foundation was created, 19 would take control of Nobel’s donation and arrange for the awarding of the 20 (vary) prizes.
11 ．making 12 ．was designed 13 ．contribution 14 ．to create 15 ．obviously 16 ．for
17 ．a 18 ．fields 19 ．which 20 ．various
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了诺贝尔奖的具体奖项以及诺贝尔奖的由来。
11 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：它是颁发给在物理、化学、生理、医学、文学、和平和经济领域取得成就的 人。这里为非谓语动词担当后置定语，动词“make”和被修饰词“people”之间存在主动关系，用现在分词形 式。故填 making。
12 ．考查时态和语态。句意：1900 年，瑞典发明家 Alfred Nobel 设计了这一奖项，以正式表彰对文化或科 学进步做出重大贡献的男性和女性。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“in 1900”可知，本句时态为一般 过去时；主语为“it”，单数，和动词“design”之间存在被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was designed。
13 ．考查名词。句意：1900 年，瑞典发明家 Alfred Nobel 设计了这一奖项，以正式表彰对文化或科学进步 做出重大贡献的男性和女性。根据空前的形容词“significant”可知，空处为名词形式；再根据冠词“a”可判 断，空处为名词的单数形式。故填 contribution。
14 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：人们认为，Nobel 是在法国报纸上读到有关他去世的讣告后受到启发而设立这 一奖项的。固定搭配：be inspired to do sth.受到启发去做某事。故填 to create。
15 ．考查副词。句意：Nobel 当时显然还活着，讣告上写着“死亡商人死了” ，他对此深感不安。分析句子成 分可知，空处为副词修饰形容词“alive”。故填 obviously。
16 ．考查固定搭配。句意：这位因创造了许多武器而闻名的发明家，惊恐地发现这就是世界对他的记忆。 固定搭配：be well-known for，意为“ 因……而闻名”。故填 for。
17 ．考查固定搭配。句意：因此，他决定在他死后，用他的一大笔钱来创建一些奖项，这些奖项将颁发给 那些“对人类最大利益” 的人。固定搭配：a number of，意为“许多、一大笔”。故填 a。
18 ．考查名词的数。句意：这些奖项将在文学、物理、化学、生理学和和平领域颁发。根据空前的“the”可 知，空处为名词形式；再空后的“of literature, physics, chemistry, physiology and peace.”可判断，空处为名 词的复数形式。故填 fields。
19 ．考查定语从句。句意：Nobel 基金会成立了，它将控制 Nobel 的捐赠并安排各种奖项的颁发。这里为定 语从句的关系词，先行词为“the Nobel Foundation”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词 which。 故填 which。
20 ．考查形容词。句意：Nobel 基金会成立了，它将控制 Nobel 的捐赠并安排各种奖项的颁发。分析句子成 分可知，空处为形容词修饰空后的名词“prizes”。故填 various。
【03 】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个恰当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry 21 (award)to Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer A ．Doudna recently. The two female scientists won the prize 22 the development of a method of genome (基因组)
editing.
Gene editing has a wide 23 (apply) across the world. It can 24 (direct) change the DNA of a lifeform and has the potential of leading to 25 (benefit) results.
One of the most convenient methods of gene editing is called CRISPR/Cas9, 26 was discovered by the two Nobel winners. The method enables scientists to cut a sequence of DNA into two pieces, 27 (allow) nature to “repair” it. During the repair process, errors will be introduced to create a different sequence of DNA, thus resulting in an 28 (edit) gene.
In simple words, CRISPR/Cas9 is the “scissors” of genes. The greatness of CRISPR/Cas9 lies in extreme accuracy. It also enables humans to breed (孕有) more plant varieties and develop better treatment of cancer.
In the future, the discovery 29 (expect) to have a revolutionary impact on the life science and make the dream of curing some diseases come true.
There will be no traditional Nobel Awarding Ceremony in Stockholm this year due to the COVID-19, 30 an online version will be held instead.
21 ．has been awarded 22 ．for 23 ．application 24 ．directly 25 ．beneficial 26 ．which
27 ．allowing 28 ．edited 29 ．will be expected 30 ．and
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。近日，2020 年诺贝尔化学奖被授予给了艾曼纽埃尔 · 卡彭蒂耶和詹妮弗 ·A·杜 德纳，两人开发了一种基因组编辑法。
21．考查动词时态及语态。句意：近日，2020 年诺贝尔化学奖被授予给了艾曼纽埃尔 · 卡彭蒂耶和詹妮弗 ·A·杜 德纳。根据时间状语 recently 可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词 award 意为“把（某物）授予（某人） , 和主语 The 2020Nobel Prize in Chemistry 构成被动关系。故填 has been awarded。
22 ．考查介词。句意：这两位女性科学家因开发了一种基因组编辑法而获奖。此处是指因为某事而获奖， 表示“ 因为” ，应用介词 for。故填 for。
23．考查名词。句意：基因编辑在世界范围内有着广泛的应用。在冠词 a 后应用名词。根据主语 Gene editing 可知，此处是指基因编辑在世界范围内有着广泛的应用。名词 application 意为“应用” ，不可数名词。故填 application。
24 ．考查副词。句意：它可以直接改变生命形式的 DNA，并有可能带来有益的结果。修饰动词 change，应 用副词。故填 directly。
25 ．考查形容词。句意：它可以直接改变生命形式的 DNA，并有可能带来有益的结果。修饰名词 results， 应用形容词，beneficial 意为“有益的”。故填 beneficial。
26 ．考查定语从句。句意：其中最便捷的一种基因编辑方法被称为 CRISPR/Cas9，这是两位诺贝尔奖得主 发现的。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为 CRISPR/Cas9，在从句中做主语，应用关系代词 which 引导。 故填 which。
27 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：利用这种方法，科学家可以将一组 DNA 剪成两段，让大自然来“修复”它。动 词 allow 和谓语动词 enables 之间没有连词，应用非谓语形式，动词 allow 和主句构成主动关系，应用现在 分词形式作结果状语。故填 allowing。
28 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：在修复过程中，错误将被引入来创造一个不同的 DNA 序列，从而造成一个编 辑过的基因。动词 edit 意为“编辑” ，和逻辑主语 gene 构成被动关系，且此处动作已完成，应用过去分词作 定语。故填 edited。
29 ．考查动词时态及语态。句意：在未来，这一发现有望对生命科学产生革命性的影响，并使治愈某些疾 病的梦想成真。根据时间状语 In the future 可知，应用一般将来时。动词 expect 和主语 the discovery 构成 被动关系。故填 will be expected。
30 ．考查连词。句意：由于新冠肺炎疫情的影响，今年斯德哥尔摩将不再举行传统的诺贝尔颁奖典礼，而 是举行网上颁奖仪式。前句“There will be no traditional Nobel Awarding Ceremony in Stockholm this year due to the COVID-19”和后句“an online version will be held instead”构成顺承关系，应用并列连词 and。故
填 and。
【04 】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
French Woman Wins Nobel Literature Prize
French writer Annie Ernaux won the 2022 Nobel Prize in Literature, the Swedish Academy announced on Thursday. Ernaux was born in 1940 and 31 (grow) up in the small town of Yvetot in Normandy, France. She is one of the most influential female writers in contemporary French literary circles. Ernaux, 32 is 82 years old, earned the prize for the way she writes about the complex nature of personal memory. Ernaux started out writing fiction based on her own life, 33 quickly moved from fiction to factual stories about her life. She wrote more than 20 books. Most of them are very short. They record events in her life and the lives of those around her. Her book A Man’s Place, about her relationship with her father, was the first 34 (bring) her fame. She wrote, “This neutral writing style comes to me 35 (natural).” Her most highly praised book is The Years, 36 (publish) in 2008. She describes 37 (she) and French society from the end of World War II to the present day. Unlike in 38 (early) books, in The Years, Ernaux writes about herself in the 39 (three) person, calling her character “she” rather than “I”. The book received many awards and 40 (honor).
31 ．grew 32 ．who 33 ．but 34 ．to bring 35 ．naturally 36 ．published 37 ．herself
38 ．earlier 39 ．third 40 ．honors
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了获得 2022 年诺贝尔文学奖的法国女作家安妮 · 埃尔诺。
31 ．考查时态。句意：埃尔诺出生于 1940 年，在法国诺曼底的小镇伊沃托长大。根据句意和句中“was”可 知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，为一般过去时，空格处应用“grow”的过去式“grew”。故填 grew。
32．考查定语从句。句意：现年 82 岁的埃尔诺因其对个人记忆复杂本质的写作方式而获奖。分析句子可知， 句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“Ernaux”，指人，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词“who”引导从句。 故填 who。
33 ．考查连词。句意：埃尔诺一开始根据自己的生活创作小说，但很快就从小说转向了关于自己生活的真 实故事。分析句子可知，句中“根据自己的生活创作小说”和“从小说转向了关于自己生活的真实故事”之间 为转折关系，故应用连词“but”连接，表转折。故填 but。
34 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：她的书《一个男人的位置》讲述了她与父亲的关系，是第一本为她带来名声 的书。分析句子可知，句中有系动词“was”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“first”为序数词，故应用不定式“to bring”作后置定语。故填 to bring。
35 ．考查副词。句意：她写道：“这种中立的写作风格对我来说很自然。”分析句子可知，句中“comes”为动 词，空格处应用副词，作状语， “natural”为形容词，对应的副词为“naturally”，意为“ 自然地”。故填 naturally。
36 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：她最受好评的书是 2008 年出版的《悠悠岁月》。分析句子可知，句中有系动 词“is”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“The Years”和“publish”为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用“publish”的过去 分词“published”作后置定语。故填 published。
37 ．考查代词。句意：她描述了从第二次世界大战结束到今天的自己和法国社会。根据下文“Ernaux writes about herself”中的“herself”可知，她在书中描述了自己，故空格处应用“she”对应的反身代词“herself”。故 填 herself。
38 ．考查形容词比较级。句意：与早期的书不同，在《悠悠岁月》中，埃尔诺用第三人称描述自己，称她 的角色为“她”而不是“我”。分析句子可知，句中指比《悠悠岁月》发表的更早的书，故空格处应用“early” 的比较级“earlier”，作定语。故填 earlier。
39 ．考查序数词。句意：与早期的书不同，在《悠悠岁月》中，埃尔诺用第三人称描述自己，称她的角色 为“ 她”而不是“ 我”。分析句子可知，句中定冠词“the”后应用序数词，表顺序， “three”对应的序数词为
“third” ，“the third person”指“第三人称”。故填 third。
40 ．考查名词。句意：这本书获得了许多奖项和荣誉。分析句子可知，空格处应用名词，作宾语，“honor” 意为“荣誉”，为可数名词，根据“awards”可知，应用“honor”的复数形式“honors”，表示获得不止一个荣誉。 故填 honors。
【05 】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Economists Abhijit Banerjee, Esther Duflo and Michael Kremer won the 2019 Nobel Economics Prize for their work in fighting against poverty (贫困), 41 is an award for their efforts to help millions of children around the world.
Duflo became the second female economics 42 (win) in the prize’s history, as well as 43 youngest. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said their work had shown how poverty could be addressed by 44 (break) it down into smaller and more precise questions in areas such as education and healthcare, making problems much 45 (easy) to solve.
“Our goal 46 (be) to make sure that the fight against poverty is based 47 scientific evidence,” Duflo said.
While the UN estimates (估计) that global poverty 48 (cut) by more than half since 2000, it says one in 10 people in developing regions still live on less than $1.90 a day.
Asked whether Duflo’s award was an attempt 49 (correct) the gender imbalance in the prize’s history, Peter Fredriksson, chair of the Nobel Committee for Economic Sciences, said it showed that women were becoming 50 (increasing) important in economics.
41．which 42．winner 43．the 44．breaking 45．easier 46．is 47．on 48．has been
cut 49 ．to correct 50 ．increasingly
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了 2019 年诺贝尔经济学奖获得者迪弗洛，是历史上第二个女性经济学 获奖者。
41 ．考查定语从句。句意：经济学家阿比吉特 ·班纳吉、埃丝特 ·迪弗洛和迈克尔 · 克雷默因在消除贫困方面 的工作获得 2019 年诺贝尔经济学奖，这是一个表彰他们为帮助全球数百万儿童所做努力的奖项。分析句子 可知，此处为关系代词 which 引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词 the 2019 Nobel Economics Prize 在从句中 作主语成分。故填 which。
42 ．考查名词。句意：迪弗洛成为诺贝尔经济学奖历史上第二位女性获奖者，也是最年轻的一位。根据句 意以及空前 the second 可知，此处为名词形式 winner“获奖者”作表语，满足句意要求。故填 winner。
43 ．考查冠词。句意：迪弗洛成为诺贝尔经济学奖历史上第二位女性获奖者，也是最年轻的一位。由空后 youngest 为最高级可知，此处为定冠词 the+最高级形式。故填 the。
44 ．考查动名词。句意：瑞典皇家科学院(Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences)表示，他们的研究表明，通 过将贫困问题分解为教育和医疗等领域更小、更精确的问题，可以解决贫困问题，使问题更容易解决。由 空前介词 by 以及提示词为动词可知，此处为动名词形式。故填 breaking。
45 ．考查形容词比较级。句意：瑞典皇家科学院(Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences)表示，他们的研究表 明，通过将贫困问题分解为教育和医疗等领域更小、更精确的问题，可以解决贫困问题，使问题更容易解 决。根据句意以及空前 much 可知，此处为形容词比较级形式，much 常常修饰比较级，构成 much easier“容 易得多” ，满足句意要求。故填 easier。
46 ．考查主谓一致和时态。句意：我们的目标是确保与贫困的斗争以科学证据为基础。分析句子可知，此 处为谓语动词的填入，由空后为不定式作表语可知，此处为系动词形式，主语 Our goal 为单数名词，结合 句意以及从句动词 is 可知，此处应为一般现在时。故填 is。
47 ．考查介词。句意：我们的目标是确保与贫困的斗争以科学证据为基础。分析句子可知，此处为动词短 语 be based on“以……为基础” ，满足句意要求。故填 on。
48 ．考查动词时态和语态。句意：据联合国估计， 自 2000 年以来，全球贫困人口减少了一半以上，但发展
中地区仍有十分之一的人每天生活费不足 1.9 美元。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，由 since 可知， 此处应为现在完成时，主语 global poverty 为单数意义名词和动词 cut 为被动关系，所以为现在完成时的被 动语态结构。故填 has been cut。
49 ．考查动词不定式。句意：当被问及授予迪弗洛是否是为了纠正该奖项历史上的性别失衡时，诺贝尔经 济科学委员会主席彼得 弗雷德里克森(Peter Fredriksson)表示，这表明女性在经济学领域正变得越来越重要。 分析句子可知，此处为短语 attempt to do sth，满足句意要求。故填 to correct。
50 ．考查副词。句意：当被问及授予迪弗洛是否是为了纠正该奖项历史上的性别失衡时，诺贝尔经济科学 委员会主席彼得 弗雷德里克森(Peter Fredriksson)表示，这表明女性在经济学领域正变得越来越重要。由副 词修饰形容词可知，此处为副词 increasingly 作状语修饰形容词 important。故填 increasingly。
【06 】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The 2020 Nobel in Chemistry was awarded to Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer A ．Doudnn. The two female scientists won the prize 51 the development a method of genome (基因组) editing.
Gene editing has a wide 52 (apply) across the world. It can 53 (direct) change the DNA of a lifeform and has the potential of leading to 54 (benefit) results.
One of the most convenient methods of gene editing is called CRISPR/Cas9, 55 was discovered by the two Nobel winners. The method enables scientists to cut a sequence of DNA into two pieces, 56 (allow) nature to “repair” it. During the repair process, errors will be introduced to create a different sequence of DNA, thus resulting in an 57 (edit) gene.
In simple words, CRISPR/Cas9 is the “scissors” of genes. The greatness of CRISPR/Cas9 lies in extreme accuracy. It also enables humans to breed (孕育) more plant 58 (variety) and develop better treatment.
In the future, the discovery 59 (expect) to have a revolutionary impact on the life science and make the dream of curing some diseases come true. There will be no traditional Nobel Awarding Ceremony in Stockholm this year due to the COVID-19, 60 an online version will be held instead.
51．for 52．application 53．directly 54．beneficial 55．which 56．allowing 57．edited
58 ．varieties 59 ．is expected/will be expected 60 ．and
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了 2020 年两位诺贝尔化学奖得主开发的基因编辑的原理、应用和影 响。
51 ．考查介词。句意：这两位女科学家因开发了基因组编辑方法而获得了该奖。根据“won the prize”和“the development a method of genome (基因组) editing”可推知，此处用固定短语 win sth. for sth.，意为“ 因…… 赢得……” ，空处应用介词 for 构成该短语。故填 for。
52 ．考查名词。句意：基因编辑在世界范围内有着广泛的应用。分析句子可知，空处被 wide 修饰，作 has 的宾语，结合句意可知，apply 的名词形式 application 符合题意，意为“应用” ，且空前有 a ，application 应 用单数形式。故填 application。
53 ．考查副词。句意：它可以直接改变生命形式的 DNA，并有可能导致有益的结果。分析句子可知，空处 修饰动词 change，结合上下文可知，direct 的副词形式 directly 符合题意，意为“直接地”。故填 directly。 54 ．考查形容词。句意：它可以直接改变生命形式的 DNA，并有可能导致有益的结果。分析句子可知，空 处是修饰 results 的定语，结合上下文可知，benefit 的形容词形式 beneficial 符合题意，意为“有益的”。故 填 beneficial。
55 ．考查定语从句。句意：最方便的基因编辑方法之一是由两位诺贝尔奖获得者发现的 CRISPR/Cas9。分 析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词 CRISPR/Cas9 进行补充说明，先行词指物，在从句中 作主语，应用关系代词 which 作引导词。故填 which。
56 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：这种方法使科学家能够将 DNA 序列切成两段，让大自然“修复”它。分析句子 可知，句子主干成分完整，空处作句子的结果状语，结合句意可推知，此处表示自然发生的结果，应用 allow
的现在分词形式 allowing。故填 allowing。
57．考查非谓语动词。句意：在修复过程中，会引入错误，产生不同的 DNA 序列，从而产生编辑过的基因。 分析句子可知，空处作修饰 gene 的定语，edit“编辑”和 gene 逻辑上是被动关系，应用 edit 的过去分词形式 edited，表示“编辑过的”。故填 edited。
58 ．考查名词复数。句意：它还使人类能够培育更多的植物品种，并开发更好的治疗方法。根据空前的 “more”可知，此处表示“ 更多的植物品种” ，空处应用可数名词 variety“品种，种类” 的复数形式 varieties。 故填 varieties。
59 ．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在未来，这一发现有望对生命科学产生革命性的影响，使治愈某些 疾病的梦想成为现实。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，时间状语为 In the future ，expect 意为“预计， 预料”，本身有将来的含义，时态因此用一般现在时或一般将来时，expect 和主语 the discovery 之间是被动 关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态或一般将来时的被动语态，主语为单数，用一般现在时的被动语态时 be 动词应用 is。故填 is expected/will be expected。
60 ．考查连词。句意：由于新冠病毒的影响，在斯德哥尔摩举行的传统诺贝尔颁奖典礼今年将被取消，取 而代之的是在线颁奖仪式。上文表示“传统诺贝尔颁奖典礼今年将被取消” ，下文表示“将会举行在线颁奖仪 式” ，上下文语义是顺承关系，空处应用意为“而且，并且” 的并列连词 and，连接上下文。故填 and。
【07 】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
In 2020, the Nobel Peace Prize 61 (award) to the World Food Programme (WFP) for its efforts to fight hunger.
The WFP, 62 (found) in 1961, is the largest food-assistance branch of the United Nations. In
emergencies, it is often the first on the scene, delivering food assistance to the victims of wars, civil conflicts, earthquakes, and crop 63 (fail) due to natural disasters. In 2019, the UN organization helped 97 million people in 88 countries 64 are victims of serious food insecurity and hunger, the 65 (high) number since 2012.
In 2015, ending hunger was adopted 66 one of the UN’s Sustainable (可持续的) Development Goals. Primarily, the WFP works to realize this goal. It works hard 67 (help) people who cannot produce or obtain enough food for 68 (they) and their families.
The WFP plays 69 important role in fighting hunger for world peace. The Nobel Committee wishes to emphasize that providing aid to increase food security not just 70 (effective) prevents hunger, but also helps to promote stability and peace.
61 ．was awarded 62 ．founded 63 ．failure(s) 64 ．who/that 65 ．highest 66 ．as
67 ．to help 68 ．themselves 69 ．an 70 ．effectively
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。 2020 年，世界粮食计划署被授予诺贝尔和平奖，文章主要介绍了世界粮食 计划署在为世界和平战胜饥饿方面所发挥的重要作用。
61 ．考查时态语态及主谓一致。句意：2020 年，世界粮食计划署被授予诺贝尔和平奖，以表彰它为战胜饥 饿所作的努力。设空处作谓语，根据时间状语 In 2020 可知，本句应用一般过去时; 主语 the Nobel Peace Prize 是专有名词，与动词 award 之间为被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数，谓语动词用单 数，故填 was awarded。
62 ．考查过去分词。句意：世界粮食计划署成立于 1961 年，是联合国最大的粮食援助机构。本句为主系表 结构，“(found) in 1961”在句子中作定语，found 是非谓语动词，与被修饰词 The WFP 之间为动宾关系， 应用过去分词表示被动和完成的动作，故填 founded。
63 ．考查名词。句意：在紧急情况下，它通常是第一个到达现场，向战争、国内冲突、地震和自然灾害造 成的农作物歉收的受害者提供粮食援助。此处与 wars ，civil conflicts ，earthquakes 并列作介词 of 的宾语， 应用所给词的名词形式 failure,在本句中的意思是“歉收” ，既可用作可数名词用复数形式，也可用作不可数
名词，故填 failure (s)。
64 ．考查定语从句。句意：2019 年， 联合国帮助了 88 个国家的 9700 万严重粮食不安全和饥饿的受害者， 这是自 2012 年以来的最高数字。此处需要一个连接词引导定语从句，先行词是 people，连接词在句子中作 主语，应用关系代词 who 或 that 引导该从句，故填 who/that。
65 ．考查最高级。句意：2019 年，联合国帮助了 88 个国家的 9700 万严重粮食不安全和饥饿的受害者，这 是自 2012 年以来的最高数字。根据句意和定冠词 the 可知，此处应用形容词最高级修饰名词 number，故 填 highest。
66 ．考查介词。句意：2015 年，结束饥饿被采纳为联合国可持续发展目标之一。be adopted as“被采纳为” 是固定短语，故填 as。
67 ．考查动词不定式。句意：它努力帮助那些不能为自己和家人生产或获得足够食物的人。此处表目的， 应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填 to help。
68 ．考查反身代词。句意:它努力帮助那些不能为自己和家人生产或获得足够食物的人。定语从句中关系代 词 who 指代先行词 people 作主语，此处作介词 for 的宾语，与主语指同一人，应用反身代词作宾语，故填 themselves。
69 ．考查冠词。句意：世界粮食计划署在为世界和平战胜饥饿方面发挥着重要作用。role 指“角色”是可数 名词，修饰词 important 是发音以元音音素开头的单词，前面需加不定冠词 an ，play an important role in“在…… 中扮演重要角色” ，故填 an。
70 ．考查副词。句意:诺贝尔奖委员会希望强调，提供援助以加强粮食安全不仅有效防止饥饿，而且有助于 促进稳定与和平。此处修饰动词 prevent，应用副词 effectively 作状语，意思是“有效地” ，故填 effectively。
【08 】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) is the winner of the 2020 Nobel Peace Prize, which 71 (award) in Norway by the Nobel Committee last month According to the Nobel judges, they presented the prize to WFP for its efforts to fight against hunger and its contribution to 72 (improve) health conditions in conflict-affected areas. The award is 73 incredible recognition of the dedication of their tireless efforts 74 (end) hunger in 80-plus countries.
World Food Programme is the 75 (large) humanitarian organization in the world. In 2019, it 76 (give) help to more than 97 million people all over the world. In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic added to global food insecurity and there were 265 million starving people within a year.
The UN Secretary-General, Antonio Guterres, made it clear 77 the WFP is the world’s first responder on the frontlines of food insecurity. Its workers and volunteers often work in 78 (extreme) dangerous
conditions. These can be in remote, hard-to-access areas of the world. Over two-thirds of 79 (it) work is in conflict-affected countries or war zones, where people are three times more likely to starve than those in countries without conflict. WFP therefore serves 80 a driving force to prevent the use of hunger as a weapon of war and conflict.
71 ．was awarded 72 ．improving 73 ．an 74 ．to end 75 ．largest 76 ．gave 77 ．that
78 ．extremely 79 ．its 80 ．as
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了联合国世界粮食计划署及其所做的贡献。
71 ．考查时态和语态。句意：联合国世界粮食计划署是诺贝尔委员会上个月在挪威颁发的 2020 年诺贝尔和 平奖的获得者。根据定语从句的先行词“the 2020 Nobel Peace Prize”可知，which 指代它（单数意义）并承 受 award 的动作，因此从句的谓语动词使用一般过去时的被动语态，故填 was awarded。
72 ．考查动名词。句意：据诺贝尔奖评委称，他们将该奖授予了粮食计划署，以表彰其为消除饥饿所做的 努力以及为改善受冲突影响地区的卫生状况所做的贡献。contribution to doing：对 …… 的贡献，故填
improving。
73 ．考查冠词。句意：该奖项令人难以置信地表彰了他们在 80 多个国家为消除饥饿所做的不懈努力。
recognition 在句子中为可数名词，incredible 是以元音音素开头的单词，因此使用不定冠词 an ，故填 an。
74 ．考查固定短语。句意：该奖项令人难以置信地表彰了他们在 80 多个国家为消除饥饿所做的不懈努力。 efforts to do：做某事的努力，故填 to end。
75 ．考查形容词的最高级。句意：世界粮食计划署是世界上最大的人道主义组织。根据“in the world”可知， 空格处表示“最大的” ，应该使用 large 的最高级形式，故填 largest。
76 ．考查时态。句意：2019 年，它为全世界 9700 多万人提供了帮助。根据句中的“in 2019”可知，谓语动 词使用一般过去时，故填 gave。
77 ．考查宾语从句。句意：联合国秘书长安东尼奥 · 古特雷斯明确表示，世界粮食计划署是世界上粮食不安 全前线的第一反应者。空格处应该填入从句的引导词，从句是完整的，使用 that 引导宾语从句，it 为形式 宾语，故填 that。
78 ．考查副词。句意：它的工作人员和志愿者经常在极其危险的条件下工作。使用副词作状语修饰形容词 dangerous ，extreme 的副词是 extremely，故填 extremely。
79 ．考查物主代词。句意：超过三分之二的工作在受冲突影响的国家或战区，那里的人们挨饿的可能性是 没有冲突的国家的三倍。修饰 work 应该使用 it 的形容词性物主代词，故填 its。
80 ．考查动词短语。句意：因此，世界粮食计划署是防止利用饥饿作为战争和冲突武器的推动力量。动词 短语 serve as（用作，充当），符合语义的需要，故填 as。
【09 】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Born in Ningbo, in 1930, Tu Youyou 81 (graduate) from Peking University Medical School in 1955 and then worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing. She joined a team of scientists 82 the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria in 1967 and two years 83 (late), she was appointed the head of the project. She and her team decided 84 (review) ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanical treatments for the disease. They discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in 85 fight against malaria. One medical text from the fourth century suggested 86 (use) the extract from sweet worm-wood to treat a fever. They did experiment after experiment and 87 (final) found a substance by lowering the temperature to draw out the extract. After many 88 (fail), they at last found artemisinin, 89 soon became a standard treatment for malaria
and has saved millions of lives worldwide. For this, Tu Youyou 90 (award) the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 2015.
81 ．graduated 82 ．with 83 ．later 84 ．to review 85 ．the 86 ．using 87 ．finally
88 ．failures 89 ．which 90 ．was awarded
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述屠呦呦发现青蒿素的伟大成就。
81 ．考查谓语动词。句意：屠呦呦 1930 年出生于宁波，1955 年毕业于北京大学医学院，之后在北京中国中 医研究院工作。分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话描述的是过去的事情，所以谓语用一般过去时。故填
graduated。
82 ．考查介词。句意：1967 年，她加入了一个科学家团队， 目的是发现一种新的疟疾治疗方法，两年后， 她被任命为该项目的负责人。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要介词 with，意为“有” ，表示伴随。故填 with。
83 ．考查固定搭配。句意：见第 2 题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定搭配：时间段+later， 意为“ …之后”。故填 later。
84 ．考查固定搭配。句意：她和她的团队决定回顾中国古代医学文献，寻找治疗该疾病的传统植物疗法。 分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定搭配：decide to do sth. ，意为“决定做某事”。故填 to review。
85 ．考查冠词。句意：他们发现并测试了 380 种不同的中国古代医学疗法，这些疗法在对抗疟疾方面显示 出了前景。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里的 fight 是特指。故填 the。
86 ．考查固定搭配。句意：四世纪的一篇医学文献建议使用甜蠕虫木的提取物来治疗发烧。分析句子结构 和意思可知，这里考查固定搭配：suggest doing，意为“建议做某事”。故填 using。
87 ．考查副词。句意：他们做了一个又一个实验，最终通过降低温度提取提取物找到了一种物质。分析句 子结构和意思可知，这里需要副词作状语，修饰整个句子。故填 finally。
88 ．考查名词的数。句意：在多次失败后，他们终于发现了青蒿素，很快成为疟疾的标准治疗方法，并挽 救了全球数百万人的生命。分析句子结构和意思可知，前面有 many 修饰，所以这里需要名词的复数作宾 语。故填 failures。
89 ．考查定语从句。句意：见第 8 题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知， 9 soon became a standard treatment for malaria and has saved millions of lives worldwide 是非限制性定语从句，先行词 artemisinin 在 从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词 which 引导。故填 which。
90 ．考查谓语动词。句意：为此，屠呦呦荣获 2015 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。分析句子结构和意思可知， 这句话描述的是过去的事情，句子主语 Tu Youyou 和动词 award 是被动的关系，所以谓语用一般过去时的 被动语态结构，be 动词用 was。故填 was awarded。
【10 】阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The 2022 Nobel Prize in Literature is awarded to the French author Annie Ernaux, the Swedish Academy announced on Thursday. She is one of 91 most influential female writers in contemporary（当代）French literary circles.
Growing up in the small town of Yvetot in Normandy, France, Ernaux, who is 82 years old, 92 （ earn） the prize for the way she writes about the complex nature of personal memory. Ernaux started out writing fiction based 93 her own life. Her more than 20 books, most of them very short, record events in her life and the lives of those around her.
Her book A Man’s Place, about her relationship with her father, was the first 94 （bring ）her fame. She wrote, “This neutral（中立） writing style comes to me naturally.”
Her most 95 （critical）favored book “The Years”, 96 （publish）in 2008 , received numerous awards and honors. Unlike in previous books, in “The Years,” Ernaux writes about herself in the third person, 97 （call）her character “she” rather than “I”, and describing herself and much 98 （wide）French society from the end of World War II to the present day.
Anders Olsson, chairman, Nobel Committee for literature, said Ernaux’s work was often “uncompromising and written in plain and clean language.” “ 99 she has achieved is fairly admirable.” He told reporters after the 100 （announce ）in Stockholm, Sweden.
91 ．the 92 ．earned 93 ．on 94 ．to bring 95 ．critically 96 ．published 97 ．calling
98 ．wider 99 ．What 100 ．announcement
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了 2022 年诺贝尔文学奖获奖者法国女作家安妮 · 埃尔诺，她的生平事 迹以及作品等相关内容。
91 ．考查定冠词。句意：她是当代法国文坛最具影响力的女作家之一。分析句子可知，此处是固定搭配 one of the+形容词最高级，故填 the。
92 ．考查动词时态。句意：现年 82 岁的厄诺在法国诺曼底的伊韦托小镇长大，她以描写个人记忆的复杂本 质的方式获得了诺贝尔文学奖。分析句子可知，空处动词在句中作谓语，获得诺贝尔文学奖是在 2022 年发 生的，因此需使用一般过去时。故填 earned。
93 ．考查介词。句意：厄诺开始以自己的生活为基础创作小说。分析句子可知，此处是固定短语 base on， 意为“ 以......为基础”。故填 on。
94 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：她的书《一个男人的地方》讲述了她和父亲的关系，是第一本让她名声大噪
的书。分析句子可知，此处是固定搭配 be+形容词+to do sth，不定式作后置定语。故填 to bring。
95 ．考查副词。句意：她最受好评的书《岁月》出版于 2008 年，获得了无数奖项和荣誉。分析句子可知， 空处需使用副词作状语修饰形容词。故填 critically。
96 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：她最受好评的书《岁月》出版于 2008 年，获得了无数奖项和荣誉。分析句子 可知，句中谓语为 received，空处需使用非谓语形式，名词 book 和动词 publish 是动宾关系，因此需使用 过去分词。故填 published。
97 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：与以前的作品不同，在《岁月》中，厄诺以第三人称描述自己，称她的角色 为“她”而不是“我” ，并描述了她自己和从二战结束到今天的更广泛的法国社会。分析句子可知，句中谓语 为 writes，空处为非谓语，主语 Ernaux 和动词 call 之间是主谓关系，因此需使用现在分词表示主动。故填
calling。
98 ．考查形容词比较级。句意：以前的作品不同，在《岁月》中，厄诺以第三人称描述自己，称她的角色 为“她”而不是“我” ，并描述了她自己和从二战结束到今天的更广泛的法国社会。分析句子可知，句中将二 战结束时的法国和现在当代的法国进行对比，空处需使用比较级。故填 wider。
99 ．考查主语从句。句意：她所取得的成就相当令人钦佩。分析句子可知，该句是主语从句，从句中缺少 宾语成分，因此需使用连接代词 what 在从句中充当宾语，位于句首时首字母大写。故填 What。
100 ．考查名词。句意：他在瑞典斯德哥尔摩宣布这一消息后告诉记者。分析句子可知，定冠词 the 后接名 词进行修饰。故填 announcement。
【11 】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
2021 Annual People Award Ceremony was held. Ten people 101 (award) for their moving story and significant contribution to the society.
Renowned ( 有 名 望 的) Nobel Prize-winning physicist, Yang Zhenning, 102 (become) the first
Chinese-American scientist who applied to return to China 103 the US just lifted the ban on visits to
China in 1971. Yang also sponsored (赞助)hundreds of Chinese scholars to further their studies in the US through a committee for education exchanges 104 was established by him in New York. These talents 105 (late) became the backbone of the 106 (construct) of China.
Another nominee ( 被提名者) was Su Bingtian, the first Chinese sprinter 107 (compete) in the men’s
100-meter sprint final at the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games. 108 (be) a 32-year-old man, he shocked the world by finishing first in his group with a time of 9.83 seconds on the semi-final, 0.08 seconds 109 (fast) than his Asian record of 9.91 seconds in 2018. We are proud for 110 he had achieved.
101．were awarded 102．became 103．after 104．which/that 105．later 106．construction
107 ．to compete 108 ．Being 109 ．faster 110 ．what
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍 2021 年度人物颁奖典礼中 2 位获奖的名人。
101．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：十人因其感人的故事和对社会的重大贡献而获奖。根据 2021 Annual People Award Ceremony was held.可知，时态是一般过去时。主语 Ten people 与 award 是动宾关系，故用 被动语态。结合时态，故用一般过去时的被动语态。主语是复数名词，故填 were awarded。
102 ．考查时态。句意：著名的诺贝尔奖得主、物理学家杨振宁，成为 1971 年美国刚刚解除访华禁令后， 第一位申请回国的华裔美国科学家。根据 in 1971 可知要用一般过去时，故填 became。
103 ．考查介词。句意：著名诺贝尔奖得主、物理学家杨振宁，成为 1971 年美国刚刚解除访华禁令后，第 一位申请回国的华裔美国科学家。根据句意可知，此处表示“在 1971 年美国刚刚解除访华禁令后” ，故用介 词 after，表示“在……之后” ，故填 after。
104．考查定语从句。句意：杨还赞助数百名中国学者通过他在纽约成立的教育交流委员会在美国继续深造。 根据句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代 a committee for education exchanges，所 以用 that 或 which 引导，故填 which/that。
105 ．考查副词。句意：这些人才后来成为中国建设的支柱。根据句意可知，这些被赞助的人后来成为中国 建设的支柱，故此处应用副词 later，表示“之后，后来” ，故填 later。
106 ．考查名词。句意：这些人才后来成为中国建设的支柱。根据句意及 the……of 结构可知，此处应填名 词 construction，做宾语，表示“建设” ，故填 construction。
107 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：另一位被提名者是苏炳天，他是第一位参加 2020 年东京奥运会男子 100 米 短跑决赛的中国短跑运动员。根据句子结构可知，此处应填非谓语动词，用不定式作后置定语，故填 to
compete。
108 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一名 32 岁的男子，他在半决赛中以 9.83 秒的成绩获得小组第一名，比 2018 年亚洲纪录的 9.91 秒快 0.08 秒，震惊了世界。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处应填非谓语动词。此处 be 表示“作为” ，逻辑主语 he 与 be 是主谓关系，故用现在分词 being 作状语。句首字母大写，故填 Being。 109 ．考查比较级。句意：作为一名 32 岁的男子，他在半决赛中以 9.83 秒的成绩获得小组第一名，比 2018 年亚洲纪录的 9.91 秒快 0.08 秒，震惊了世界。根据 than 及句意可知，此处应用形容词比较级 faster，表示 “更快的” ，故填 faster。
110 ．考查宾语从句。句意：我们为他所取得的成就感到自豪。根据句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，做 介词 for 的宾语，从句中缺宾语，表示“什么” ，所以用 what 引导，故填 what。
【12 】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Two scientists, Germany’s Benjamin List and Scotland-born David MacMillan, have won the 2021 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 111 (develop) a molecule-building （分子建构 ）tool that can produce many important compounds in a “greener” way.
The process of making molecules 112 (require) the linking of individual atoms together in specific positions. This can be very slow and difficult. For many years, chemists only used either complex enzymes（酶） 113 metal catalysts（催化剂） .
That all changed in 2000, when List and MacMillan 114 (independence) reported that small organic molecules can be used to do the same job.
The process has made the production of some drugs much 115 (easy). It noted that an 116 (estimate) 35 percent of the world’s total GDP, in some way involves chemical catalysis.
Speaking after the 117 (announce), List said the award came as a “huge surprise”. He said at the beginning he did not know that MacMillan was working on the same subject, and he thought his effort might turn out to be, what he called, 118 “stupid idea” .
MacMillan said the start of his catalysis work was a pretty simple idea 119 really sparked a lot of different research. He added, “The part we’re just so proud of is that you don’t have to have huge amounts of equipment and money 120 (do) fine things in chemistry.”
111．developing 112．requires 113．or 114．independently 115．easier 116．estimated
117 ．announcement 118 ．a 119 ．that/which 120 ．to do
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了 2021 年获得诺贝尔化学奖的两名科学家的研究成就。
111 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：两位科学家，德国的 Benjamin List 和苏格兰出生的 David MacMillan，获 得了 2021 届诺贝尔化学奖，因为他们开发了一种能以“更绿色” 的方式生产许多重要化合物的分子建构工具。 空处作介词 for 的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填 developing。
112 ．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：制造分子的过程需要在特定位置将单个原子连接在一起。句子描述现在 的一般性情况，应用一般现在时，主语 The process of making molecules 是单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单 数形式。故填 requires。
113 ．考查连词。句意：多年来，化学家只使用复合酶或者金属催化剂。结合语意，空处应填 or ，构成固定 搭配 either…or…表示“或者……或者……”。故填 or。
114 ．考查副词。句意：这一切都在 2000 年发生了变化，当时 List 和 MacMillan 独立报告称，小有机分子 可以用来做同样的工作。分析句子，空处修饰动词 reported，应用副词形式作状语，independently 是副词， 表示“独立地”。故填 independently。
115 ．考查形容词。句意：这个过程使一些药物的生产变得容易得多。结合语意，此处表示“更容易” ，应用 形容词的比较级形式。故填 easier。
116 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：报告指出，估计世界 GDP 总量的 35%，在某种程度上涉及化学催化作用。 分析句子，空处作非谓语动词，estimate 与被修饰词 35 percent of the world’s total GDP 之间是被动关系， 应用过去分词形式作定语。故填 estimated。
117 ．考查名词。句意：List 在宣布后表示，该奖项是一个“ 巨大的惊喜”。空前出现定冠词 the，空处应填 名词 announcement，表示“宣布” ，作介词 after 的宾语。故填 announcement。
118 ．考查冠词。句意：他说，一开始他不知道 MacMillan 正在研究同一个课题，他以为他的努力可能成为 他所谓的“一个愚蠢的想法”。结合语意，此处泛指一个愚蠢的想法，应用不定冠词表示泛指，stupid 是辅 音音素开头的单词，前边应用 a。故填 a。
119 ．考查定语从句。句意：MacMillan 说，他的催化工作的开始是一个非常简单的想法，实际上引发了许 多不同的研究。分析句子，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词 idea，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主 语，应用 that/which 引导从句。故填 that/which。
120 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：他补充道：“我们引以为豪的部分是，你不必拥有大量的设备和资金就能在 化学方面做出出色的成绩。” have sth. to do 表示“有某事要去做” ，强调说话人要做某事，所以空处应用不 定式形式作后置定语。故填 to do。

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