2024年中考英语介词的详细讲解和讲义(一)

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2024年中考英语介词的详细讲解和讲义(一)

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2024英语中考介词的详细讲解和讲义(一)
时间介词
1.常用的时间介词有,In on at things for by before after during until
2.in、on、at:
(1)in的用法:
表示年、月、季节:
I was born in 2005.(我出生于2005年。)
We usually have a picnic in May.(我们通常在五月份野餐。)
The leaves turn red in autumn.(树叶在秋季变红。)
表示具体的某个时间段:
He will be back in an hour.(他一个小时后回来。)
We'll have a meeting in the afternoon.(我们将在下午开会。)
She usually exercises in the morning.(她通常早上锻炼。)
表示一段时间内,强调状态或动作的持续性:
They studied English in college for four years.(他们在大学里学习英语四年。)
I have lived in this city for ten years.(我在这个城市已经生活了十年。)
She has been playing the piano in the music room for two hours.(她在音乐室弹钢琴已经两个小时了。)
表示一天中的具体时刻:
I usually get up at six o'clock in the morning.(我通常早上六点起床。)
She has lunch at noon in the office.(她在办公室中午吃饭。)
He goes to bed at ten o'clock in the evening.(他晚上十点钟睡觉。)
(2)on的用法:
表表示具体的某一天:
I was born on May 1st.(我出生于5月1日。)
We will have a party on Friday night.(我们将在星期五晚上开派对。)
The concert is on Saturday.(音乐会在星期六。)
表示某个特定的节日或纪念日:
We celebrate Christmas on December 25th.(我们在12月25日庆祝圣诞节。)
Americans celebrate Independence Day on July 4th.(美国人在7月4日庆祝独立日。)
Chinese people celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month.(中国人在农历八月十五日庆祝中秋节。)
表示在某一天上演或发生的事件:
The movie will be released on June 30th.(这部电影将于6月30日上映。)
The World Cup Final was held on July 15th, 2018.(2018年世界杯决赛于7月15日举行。)
The accident happened on a rainy night in November.(那场事故发生在11月一个雨夜。)
(3)at的用法:
表示具体的时刻:
I usually have breakfast at 7 o'clock.(我通常在7点钟吃早餐。)
The party starts at 9 p.m.(晚会在晚上9点开始。)
The movie will begin at 2:30 in the afternoon.(电影将在下午2点30分开始。)
表示某个特定的时间点或事件:
We will meet at noon.(我们将在中午见面。)
The bus arrives at the station at 8:45.(公交车在8点45分到达车站。)
The concert ends at midnight.(音乐会在午夜结束。)
表示在某个具体地点的时间:
I will meet you at the cinema.(我将在电影院见你。)
Let's meet at the park after school.(放学后我们在公园见面。)
The conference will be held at the convention center.(会议将在会议中心举行。)
表示特定的节日或假期:
We celebrate New Year's Day at midnight.(我们在午夜庆祝元旦。)
People give presents at Christmas.(人们在圣诞节送礼物。)
Fireworks are set off at the stroke of the New Year.(在新年的钟声响起时放烟花。)
(4)since+时间点的用法:
表示自从某个具体的时间点开始:
I have known her since 2010.(我认识她自2010年以来。)
He has been playing the piano since he was five.(他从五岁开始就一直在弹钢琴。)
They have lived in this city since last year.(他们自从去年起就住在这座城市。)
表示自从某个特定的事件发生:
I haven't seen him since he moved away.(自从他搬走后,我就没见过他。)
She has been studying English since she joined the language club.(自从她加入语言俱乐部以来,她一直在学习英语。)
We have been friends since we met in kindergarten.(自从我们在幼儿园相识以来,我们就是朋友。)
表示自从某个过去的时间点到现在的持续时间:
It has been raining since morning.(从早上开始就一直在下雨。)
He has been working on that project since last month.(他从上个月开始就一直在做那个项目。)
They have been waiting for the bus since 3 o'clock.(自从3点钟以来,他们一直在等公交车。)
(5)for+时间段的用法:
表示一段具体的时间:
I have been studying English for two years.(我已经学习英语两年了。)
They have lived in this city for five months.(他们在这个城市住了五个月了。)
She has been playing the piano for ten minutes.(她弹钢琴已经十分钟了。)
表示一段时间的范围:
We will be on vacation for two weeks.(我们将度假两周。)
He has been sick for a few days.(他已经生病几天了。)
They have been friends for a long time.(他们是好朋友很久了。)
表示一段持续的时间:
They have been talking on the phone for hours.(他们已经通电话几个小时了。)
I have been waiting for the bus for half an hour.(我已经等公交车半个小时了。)
She has been studying for the exam all day.(她整天都在为考试学习。)
(6)by的用法:
表示在某个具体的时间点之前完成某个动作或达成某个目标:
Please finish your homework by 9 o'clock.(请在9点之前完成你的作业。)
I need to submit the report by the end of the day.(我需要在今天结束之前提交报告。)
They promised to arrive at the party by 7 p.m.(他们答应在晚上7点之前到达派对。)
表示在某个特定的日期之前完成某个动作或达成某个目标:
We have to book the tickets by tomorrow.(我们必须在明天之前预订票。)
She wants to lose 5 kilograms by the end of the month.(她希望在本月底之前减掉5公斤。)
They need to finish the project by next week.(他们需要在下周之前完成这个项目。)
表示以某个时间点为限制或参考:
The package will be delivered by Friday.(包裹将在周五之前送达。)
Please respond to my email by the end of this week.(请在本周末前回复我的电子邮件。)
The results will be announced by the beginning of next month.(结果将在下个月初公布。)
(6)before的用法:
表示在某个具体的时间点之前完成某个动作或达成某个目标:
Please finish your homework before 9 o'clock.(请在9点之前完成你的作业。)
I need to submit the report before the end of the day.(我需要在今天结束之前提交报告。)
They promised to arrive at the party before 7 p.m.(他们答应在晚上7点之前到达派对。)
表示在某个特定的日期之前完成某个动作或达成某个目标:
We have to book the tickets before tomorrow.(我们必须在明天之前预订票。)
She wants to lose 5 kilograms before the end of the month.(她希望在本月底之前减掉5公斤。)
They need to finish the project before next week.(他们需要在下周之前完成这个项目。)
表示以某个时间点为限制或参考:
The package will be delivered before Friday.(包裹将在周五之前送达。)
Please respond to my email before the end of this week.(请在本周末前回复我的电子邮件。)
The results will be announced before the beginning of next month.(结果将在下个月初公布。)
(6)after的用法:
表示在某个具体的时间点之后发生的动作:
We can go to the cinema after dinner.(晚饭后我们可以去电影院。)
They will start the meeting after lunch.(午餐后他们将开始会议。)
I usually go for a walk after school.(放学后我通常去散步。)
表示在某个特定的日期或时间段之后:
The concert will take place after the holidays.(假期过后将进行音乐会。)
We will have a test after the summer break.(暑假后我们将有一次考试。)
They plan to visit us after the weekend.(周末过后他们计划来访问我们。)
表示一个先后顺序,意味着某个动作在另一个动作之后发生:
She finished her homework after watching TV.(她看电视后完成了作业。)
He went to bed after he finished reading the book.(他读完书后上床睡觉。)
They had dessert after finishing their dinner.(他们吃完晚餐后吃甜点。)
(6)during+时间段的用法:
During加时间段表示在…期间,往往和连续性动词have keep live搭配使用。
I have been studying English during the summer vacation.(暑假期间我一直在学习英语。)
They kept practicing basketball during the winter break.(寒假期间他们一直在练习篮球。)
She lived in Australia during her high school years.(她在高中阶段期间住在澳大利亚。)
We had a lot of fun during the school trip.(在学校旅行期间,我们玩得很开心。)
They stayed indoors during the heavy rain.(在大雨期间,他们呆在室内。)
请注意,在使用 during + 时间段 表达 "在...期间" 的时候,通常指的是整个时间段内的持续动作或状态。
(6)until+时间段的用法:
1.Until用于否定句,表示直到…才,与瞬间性动词start begin和leave搭配使用
They didn't start eating until everyone arrived.(直到每个人都到了他们才开始吃饭。)
She won't begin her presentation until the audience is seated.(直到观众就座她才会开始演讲。)
He didn't leave the office until he finished all his work.(直到完成所有工作他才离开办公室。)
We will wait here until the rain stops.(我们会在这里等待直到雨停。)
They didn't start the meeting until the boss arrived.(直到老板到达他们才开始会议。)
请注意,在使用 "until" 表达 "直到...才" 的时候,通常指的是某个特定时间点或条件满足后才进行某个动作。
2. until用于肯定句中意为直到为止,搭配延续性动词have keep 和 wait
They will keep playing until it gets dark.(他们会一直玩耍直到天黑。)
I will wait here until you come back.(我会在这里等你回来直到为止。)
We can continue the meeting until everyone has finished speaking.(我们可以继续开会直到每个人说完。)
She will have to work late until the project is completed.(直到项目完成,她将不得不工作到很晚。)
He kept practicing the piano until he became a concert pianist.(他一直练习钢琴,直到成为了一名音乐会钢琴家。)

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