资源简介

(共40张PPT)
Restrictive
Relative Clause
限定性定语从句（复习）
Unit 1 Cultural Heritage
Discovering Useful Structures
At the end of the lesson, students will be able to
identify the form, meaning and function of restrictive relative clauses by using the methods of observation-discovery-induction-practice-application
use relative clauses to describe people or things in greater detail both in oral and written way.
Learning objectives
Note1:定语从句：当我们把一个句子用来做________去修饰一个_____________时，这个句子就称为定语从句。
Note2:被定语从句限定的词叫做_________,引导定语从句的词叫做___________，分别是_______________和___________。
定语
名词或者代词
先行词
关系词
关系代词
关系副词
Review
定从
先行词+关系词+从句
限定性定从(5+3)
非限定性定从(4+2)
关系代词（5）
关系副词（3）
①看先行词
②看从句完整性（代入法）
①只用that/which
②prep.+which/whom
③the way
结构
类别
关系词
做题步骤
特殊情况
定从
先行词+关系词+从句
关系代词（5）
关系副词（3）
结构
关系词
跟在名词或代词后面起修饰限制作用的从句
After listening to the scientists who had studied the problem, and citizens who lived near the dam, the government turned to the United Nations for help.
Temples and other sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from water.
Review of Attributive Clause: Comparison and Discovery (P6)
What do these two sentences have in common
After listening to the scientists( who had studied the problem), and citizens (who lived near the dam), the government turned to the United Nations for help.
Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place( where they were safe from the water.)
Review of Attributive Clause: Comparison and Discovery (P6)
关代
关代 主 宾 定 先行词
that
which
who
whom
whose
人/物
物
人
人
人/物
whose：“...的”。判断方法： 符合“n______n”且前后有所属关系。
The house _______ door is black is Mr. Li’s.
The boy ______ name is Leo is my cousin.
whose
whose
注意：先行词充当动词宾语时关系词可省略。
只用that 不用which：
1) 先行词是不定代词或被他们修饰: all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等。
2) 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。
3) 先行词被the only, the very, the last等修饰时。
4) 先行词既有人又有物时。
1.宜用that不宜用which的情况：
(1)当先行词是all，little，few，much，something，anything，everything，nothing，some， one等不定代词或者被all，much，little，no, any, few等词修饰时。
All_____ can be done has been done.
一切能做的都已经做完了。
Do you have anything_____ you want to say about the painting
关于这幅画，你有什么什么想说的？
All
that
anything
that
注意
1.宜用that不宜用which的情况：
(2)当先行词被 the only，the very 等修饰时。
Music is the only thing_____ interests me.
音乐是我唯一感兴趣的东西
(3)当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the most shocking news____ I have ever heard.
这是我听过的最令人震惊的消息。
that
the only
the most shocking
that
关系副词 相当于 先行词 在从句中作成分
where
when
why
in,at等介词+which
表示地点的名词
at,in,on,during等介词+which
地点状语
表示时间的名词
时间状语
for + which
reason
原因状语
(与关系代词的关系）
关副
关系副词 先行词 状语
when (=prep.+which)
where (=prep.+which)
why (=for+which)
时间
时间
地点
reason
地点
原因
prep+which/whom:
关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时, 介词常常放到关系词前面。
介+ which（先行词是物）
介+whom (先行词是人)
The house in ______ he lives is really big.
The boy with ______ he usually plays is also good at study.
which
whom
注意：表抽象地点的名词如 point, position, case, stage 等也用where
1. Where 引导定语从句时，先行词为表示地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语，可用“in,at等介词+which”来替换。
The school where my studies is near a park.
=The school in which my studies is near a park.
关系副词when, where, why的用法
This is the place _____ (which/where) I spend my childhood .
This is the place _____ (which/where) I visited last summer .
第一空填where
(从句中spend是谓语，my childhood是宾语where代指the place在从句中充当地点状语)
第二空填which
(which指代前面的the place在从句中充当visit的宾语)
做题步骤
代入还原法。将先行词代入从句中，看其充当的成分
① 充当主、宾、定：关系代词→先行词指人还是指物
② 充当状语：关系副词→先行词指时间、地点或是reason
1.This is a city__________is known to all.
2.This is a city_______ development is fast.
3.This is a city______ I lived in.
4.This is a city______ I lived.
which/that
whose
which
where
When 引导定语从句时，先行词为表示时间的名词，关系词在从句中作时间状语，可用“at,in,on,during等介词+which” 来替换。
I’ll never forget the day when I joined the team.
=I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the team.
I'll will never forever the days ______ (which/when) we spend together.
I'll will never forever the days ______ (which/when) we live together in the country .
第一空填which
(which指代前面的the days在从句中充当spend的宾语)
第二空填when
(从句中we是主语，live是谓语，in the country是宾语，when指代the days在从句中充当时间状语)
关系副词 相当于 被代替的先行词 在从句中作成分
where
when
why
in,at等介词+which
表示地点的名词
at,in,on,during等介词+which
地点状语
表示时间的名词
时间状语
for+which
reason
原因状语
Practice
Rewrite the sentences using relative clauses.
Example:
I have downloaded that free app, but it doesn’t work well.
→The free app (that/which) I have downloaded doesn’t work well.
Tips:
用定语从句重组句子：
第一步：明确主句和从句。
第二步：找出先行词，确定它在主句中的功能。
第三步：根据先行词和关系代词或副词在从句中的功能，确定使用哪个关系代词或副词。
难度：
1.This is a city________is known to all.
2.This is a city_____development is fast.
3.This is a city_____I lived in.
4.This is a city_____I lived.
5.This is a city_____I was born.
6.This is a girl________is fond of music.
7.This is a girl_________I like.
which/that
whose
which
where
where
who/that
who/whom
1. I’ll never forget the days ________________ we worked together.
2. I’ll never forget the days ____________we spent together.
3. I went to the place ________________ I worked ten years ago.
4. I went to the place ____________ I visited ten years ago.
5. This is the reason _______________ he was late.
6. This is the reason ___________ he gave.
when/ in which
that/which
where /in which
which/ that
why /for which
that/ which
Practice：易错题辨析
练习：
Is this the museum ___ you visited a few days ago 　
A. where　 B. that　
C. on which　 D. the one
2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.　
A. where　　 B. that　
C. on which　　D. the one
难度：
即时巩固
单句语法填空
1.(2022全国新高考Ⅰ)Producing food 　　　　 no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it.
2.(2022全国新高考Ⅰ)Some of our memories are funny, especially from the early years 　 　　 our children were little.
3.(2022全国新高考Ⅰ)In a world 　　　　 nearly 800 million people a year go hungry,
“food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month's
cover story.
4.(2021全国甲)The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall 　　　　 has
survived China's long history.
that/which
when
where
that
1.Do you know the reason____she got so angry just now
2.The old house______window was damaged in the storm is now under repair.
3.The reason_________ he gave didn't persuade me.
4. The police hoped to find out the moment____ he was killed.
5. He fled from the place ____ there were lots of people.
6. Australia is the only country_____ covers an entire continent (大洲).
why
whose
which/that
when
where
that
1. I’ll never forget the days ________________ we worked together.
2. I’ll never forget the days ____________we spent together.
3. I went to the place ________________ I worked ten years ago.
4. I went to the place ____________ I visited ten years ago.
5. This is the reason _______________ he was late.
6. This is the reason ___________ he gave.
when/ in which
that/which
where /in which
which/ that
why /for which
that/ which
Practice：易错题辨析
Group Work
A: What is a library
B: A library is a place from which you can borrow books.
B: A library is a place in which you can read books/finish your paper.
B: A library is a place where you can read/borrow books.
2. What’s a good friend (to whom; who)
A: What is a good friend
B: A good friend is someone to whom you can tell your stress/secret/problems/recommend interesting books.
B: A good friend is someone who/whom you can share your happiness and sadness with/get support from/tell your stress/secret/problems to.
A good friend is someone who can help you when you are in trouble/makes you feel warm and safe
Non-restrictive
Relative Clause
非限定性定语从句
指代内容 功能（所做成分） 是否可省略
that
which
who
whom
whose
关系代词的用法
人；物
物
人
人
(人/物)的
主语,宾语
主语,宾语
主语,宾语
宾语
定语
作宾语可省
作宾语可省
作宾语可省
可省
不可省
I like the girl who is our monitor.
I like Mary, who is our monitor.
The man who is our geography teacher is very humorous.
Mr. Guo, who is our geography teacher, is very humorous.
The boy slept with his mouth watering, which made us laugh.
Work in pairs and circle the right relative pronouns or adverbs.
1. Football is a game that/which/who is liked by most boys.
2. I’ll never forget the day when/which the earthquake happened.
3. The girl that/who/which spoke to me just now is my classmate.
4. This is the film which/that/where I like best.
5. This is the park where/when we held a birthday party.
定语从句的解题步骤:
1. 找先行词
2. 代入定语从句
3. 定关系词
作主语
作状语
作主语
作宾语
作状语
Grammar summary
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
作用
功能
关系词
指代宾语时
形式
修饰先行词
修饰先行词或整个句子
无逗号
有逗号
对先行词进行限制,删除后句子意思不完整
对先行词进行补充说明，删除后句子意思仍完整
5+3
（which只能指代物）
4+2（没有that和why）
（which还可指代一整个主句）
不能省略
能省略
Summary
定语
从句
定语：相当于 ，修饰名词或代词
形容词
构成：名词或代词 + + 从句
关系词
分类：限制性： ；
非限制性： ；
说明正在谈论的人、物或事
给出额外的补充信息
关系词：关系代词： ：指人，作主语或宾语；
：指人，作宾语；
：指事、物，作主语或宾语；
：指人或事、物，作主语或宾语；
：与所修饰的名词为所属关系，作定语；
：作地点状语；
：作时间状语；
：作原因状语；
who
whom
which
that
whose
where
when
why
关系副词：
as引导的定语从句
1. 表示“正如”，多放于句首，有时也可以句中。
as is known to all = as we all know
as is reported
as is mentioned above
as is expected
...
way做先行词时：
若充当主语、宾语，则用that/which；
若充当方式状语，则用that/ in which/ ×。
This is the way _______ I learn English.
This is the way _______ he thought of to learn English.
Practice
Use the relative pronouns or adverbs to complete the relative clauses.
1. A bookstore is a place _________ books are sold.
2. There’re many plays ___________ I’d like to see.
3. The girl _______ is sitting in the chair is a good singer.
4. I still remember the day ________ I first came to this school.
5. The box __________ he is carrying is heavy.
where
that/which
who
when
that/which
1) The foreign guests, ________ were scientists, were warmly welcomed at the airport.
2) My father bought me several books, none of ________ I like to read.
3) Is there anyone in your class ________ family is in the city
4) Football, ________ is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.
5) The students went to the hospital to see Miss Zhang, _________they respect greatly.
6) They went to the Royal Theatre, ________ they saw the great show.
who
which
whose
which
who/whom
where
Work in pairs. Play a game of definitions. One asks the questions below and the other answers them with relative clauses.
A: What is an exit
B: An exit is the door where/through which you can leave a building.
v.&n.出去;出口
GAME TIME
Questions:
What’s a library (place) (from/in which; where)
What’s a good friend (person) (to whom; who)
What’s a vacation (days) (during which; when)
What’s a teacher (person) (from whom; who)
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