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2023-2024学年五年级英语寒假专项提升（外研版三起）
专题四 语法
复习指引
语法知识一：一般过去时
一般过去时的概念：
一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：last year,yesterday等。
例：I saw him in the street yesterday.昨天我在街上看见他了。
一般过去时的结构：
肯定形式：主语+动词过去式+其他
例：She often came to help us in those days.
否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
例：I didn't know you like coffee.
一般疑问句：①Did+主语+谓语动词原型+其他 ②Was/Were+主语+表语
例：-Did you go to Beijing last week
-Yes,we did.(No,we didn't.)
一般过去时的特殊疑问句的构成：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它
例：-What did you do last night
-I did my homework.
语法知识二：规则动词过去式变化规则
①一般在动词原形末尾直接加上-ed。
如：look-looked。
②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去e再加-ed。
如：live-lived。
③末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节(辅元辅结构),先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。
如：stop-stopped。
④末尾是辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先变y为i,然后再加-ed。
如：study-studied。
语法知识三：There be句型
There be句型的用法：
表示某个地方存在某物或某人，Be动词的单复数必须依主语的变化而变化。(单数is复数are)
例：There is a table in the room.房间里有一张桌子。There are some birds in the tree.树上有很多鸟。
一、There be句型的结构
1.常见句型结构：
(一)There is+单数可数+地点状语
例：There is a ruler on the desk.书桌上有一把尺。
(二)There are+复数主语+地点状语
例：There are four apples on the tree.树上有四个苹果。There are some flowers in the park.公园里有许多花。
(三)there is +不可数名词+地点状语(即使有some也是单数)例：There is some water in the bottle.瓶子里有一些水。(水是不可数名词)
2.There be选择就近原则：
There be句型的就近原则是There be句型中语法项目的重点考点。There be句型中be动词的单复数形式由最挨近的一项的单复数决定。如：There is a pen,two books and many pencils on the desk.
(解读：在本句中尽管有钢笔、书和铅笔，但是由于离be动词最近的一项是单数a pen,因此，be动词用单数is。)
二、There be句型的疑问句及回答
(一)There be句型的一般疑问句
1.在“There is/are…”的一般疑问句中，要把Be动词放在there之前，并将句号变问号。 (难点：句中出现的some要改成any。)
2.肯定回答为：Yes,there is/are.
3.否定回答为：No,there isn't/aren't.
(二)There be句型的特殊疑问句
There be句型的特殊疑问句形式有以下三种变化：
①对主语提问：当主语是人时，用\"Who\'s+介词短语 \";
当主语是物时，用\"What\'s +介词短语 \"。
注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式，回答时却要根据实际情况来决定。
②对地点状语提问：提问地点用"Where is/are+主语 \"
③对数量提问：一般有两种句型结构：
How many+复数名词+are there+介词短语
How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语
例：How many people are there in the picture How much water is there in the bottle
三、There be句型的否定形式
否定形式只要在be动词后面加not即可，is not =isn't;are not=aren't但要注意的是句中如果出现some则改成any.
1.肯定：There is a knife in the kitchen.
否定：There is not a knife in the kitchen.
2.肯定：There are five apples on the tree.
否定：There are not five apples on the tree.
3.肯定：There is some water in the bottle.
否定：There is not any water in the bottle.
4.肯定：There are some birds singing in the tree.
否定：There are not any birds singing in the tree.
语法知识四：情态动词
一、情态动词的定义：
情态动词有词义，但它不能单独作谓语，它必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化；它的后面必须跟动词原形。
二、小学阶段需要掌握的知识点：
1.can,could(过去式)
Can +主语+动词原形
1)表示能力。
Can you dance 你会跳舞吗
Can you speak English 你会讲英语吗
注：Can只有一般现在时和一般过去时。
2)表示请求和允许。
-Can l go play 我可以去玩吗
-Yes,you can./No,you can't.
3)表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。
There can be at least 50 people in this classroom.
4)表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。
Can this be true
How can this be true
2.may,might
1)表示请求和允许。
● might比may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can't或mustn't,表示“不可以，禁止”。
-Might/May I smoke in this room 我可以在这吸烟吗 -No,you mustn't.不，不可以。
-May/Might I take this book out of the room -Yes,you can.(No,you can't/mustn't.)
●用May l… 征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can l… 在口语中更常见。
2)用于祈使句，表示祝愿。
May you succeed!
3)表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。
● might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。
1.He may /might be very busy now.
2.Your mother may /might not know the truth.
3.must
Must +主语+动词原形
1)表示必须、必要。
例：You must come in time.
●在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn't(禁止，不准),而用needn't,don't have to(不必).
-Must we hand in our exercise books today
-Yes,you must.
-No,you don't have to /you needn't.
2)表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)
1.You're Tom's good friend, so you must know what he likes best.
2.Your mother must be waiting for you now.
4.should,shouldn't表示劝告：Should +主语+动词原形
Should +主语+动词原形
1.He should get up early.
2.You should go to class right away.
5.Would表示建议“你愿意…吗”
-Would you like to go shopping with me
-Yes,I'd love to./I'd love to.But I'm busy now.
真题回顾
一、选择题。
( )1．（22-23上·山东聊城·五年级校考期末）I ______ my ice cream on your shoes yesterday.
A．drop B．droped C．dropped
( )2．（22-23上·海南省直辖县级单位·五年级统考期末）What did you do ______ the weekend
A．of B．in C．at
( )3．（22-23上·海南省直辖县级单位·五年级统考期末）I ______ my pencil. Can I use your pencil, Lingling
A．lost B．need C．like
( )4．（22-23上·海南省直辖县级单位·五年级统考期末）—Did you buy ______ apples for your brother, Xiaolin
—Yes, I did. He likes apples very much.
A．some B．a C．any
( )5．（22-23上·四川雅安·五年级统考期末）—Are you feeling bored
—______
A．Yes, she is. B．No, she isn’t. C．Of course not.
( )6．（22-23上·四川雅安·五年级统考期末）Lingling ______ football.
A．good at B．is good at C．is good
( )7．（22-23上·四川雅安·五年级统考期末）They ______ there at ten o’clock yesterday.
A．arriving B．arrives C．arrived
( )8．（22-23上·宁夏固原·五年级校考期末）My grandma bought a new book _________ me.
A．with B．for C．of
( )9．（22-23上·河南周口·五年级统考期末）The little boy can’t walk. ______ father helps ______.
A．He; him B．His; his C．His; him
( )10．（22-23上·河南周口·五年级统考期末）You are good ______ basketball.
A．at B．on C．in
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
11．（22-23上·山东德州·五年级统考期末）He wants (be) in the football team.
12．（22-23上·山东德州·五年级统考期末）He can’t (drive) a car.
13．（22-23上·山东德州·五年级统考期末）Did you (meet) John in the park
14．（22-23上·江苏淮安·五年级统考期末）Please (sit) here.
15．（22-23上·河南洛阳·五年级洛阳市第二外国语学校校联考期末）A cat can climb trees and catch . (mouse)
16．（22-23上·河南平顶山·五年级统考期末）My grandma is ill in hospital. Now I am (feel) sad.
17．（22-23上·河南平顶山·五年级统考期末）Lingling is very good at basketball. She can (catch) the ball well.
18．（22-23上·山西临汾·五年级统考期末）All of them are dancing (happy).
19．（22-23上·山西临汾·五年级统考期末）He can catch the ball (good).
20．（22-23上·山西临汾·五年级统考期末）Look! He (hide) behind the door.
三、（22-23上·山东聊城·五年级校考期末）Sam给我们出了一道有趣的题，找朋友！你能找到正确的答语吗？
A．No, she isn’t. B．I lost my new ruler. C．Yes, he can. D．One kilo. E．She went to the supermarket.
( )21．Can he sing well
( )22．Is she good at dancing
( )23．How much meat did you buy
( )24．What’s the matter with you, Sue
( )25．Where did Amy go last Sunday
四、连词成句。
26．（22-23上·山东聊城·五年级校考期末）only, There, are, crayons, nineteen (.)
27．（22-23上·山东聊城·五年级校考期末）half, get, I, past, at, up, seven (.)
28．（22-23上·山东聊城·五年级校考期末）can, well, play, You, football (.)
29．（22-23上·山东德州·五年级统考期末）dropped, his, ice, He, the, cream, on, floor (.)
30．（21-22上·四川广元·五年级统考期末）Mum, T-shirt, bought, a, new, me, for (.)
五、句型转换。
31．（22-23上·吉林长春·五年级校考期末）Can you jump high (否定回答)
No, .
32．（22-23上·河南平顶山·五年级统考期末）Is he feeling angry (做否定回答)
, he .
33．（21-22上·河南平顶山·五年级统考期末）I found the bag in the living room. (对画线部分提问)
did you the bag
34．（21-22上·河南平顶山·五年级统考期末）He feels angry. (对画线部分提问)
does he
35．（21-22上·辽宁朝阳·五年级统考期末）There are monkeys in the zoo. (改为一般疑问句)
六、（22-23上·四川雅安·五年级统考期末）补全对话。
At the school lost-and-found
Ms Wang: Can I help you
Becky: 36
Ms Wang: 37
Becky: On the school bus.
Ms Wang: 38
Becky: It’s black and white.
Ms Wang: What were in it
Becky: 39
Ms Wang: 40
Becky: Yes, it is. Thank you.
Ms Wang: You’re welcome!
七、（22-23上·河南周口·五年级统考期末）排序题。
41．
( ) It’s half past six.
( ) What time is it now, Jim
(5) Let’s turn on the TV now.
( ) Really I like animals.
( ) There is a TV show about animals at half past seven.
( ) OK.
八、（22-23上·河南洛阳·五年级洛阳市第二外国语学校校联考期末）根据表格内容判断句子的正(T)误(F)。
Lucy is in Zhengzhou, she will go to Luoyang for the summer vacation. Here is the train ticket.
G7253 Zhengzhou → Luoyang
Start Date： July 16th, 2022
Time: 9:00am—9:35am
Price: 46
Platform: 3
Seat: 05 B
( )42．Lucy will go to Zhengzhou for her summer vacation.
( )43．Lucy will take the train G7253.
( )44．It will take Lucy forty minutes from Zhengzhou to Luoyang.
( )45．It will take Lucy 46 yuan from Zhengzhou to Luoyang.
( )46．Lucy can take her seat at 05A．
九、（22-23上·河南洛阳·五年级统考期末）仿写。
例: 1. I get up at six o’clock.
47．
48．
49．
50．
51．
提升训练
一、选择题。
( )1．This old man is ______. He can’t hear.
A．blind B．deaf C．happy
( )2．—______ pupils are there in your class
—Fifty.
A．How B．How many C．What
( )3．Did Sam ______ back yesterday
A．came B．comes C．come
( )4．Daming ______ good at skipping in the past.
A．am B．was C．is
( )5．I was ill yesterday. Now I feel ______.
A．hurry B．better C．happy
( )6．School ______ at eight o’clock in the morning.
A．starts B．start C．starting
( )7．This is ________ grandma.
A．Amy B．Amys C．Amy’s
( )8．How ________ faces can you see
A．much B．many C．old
( )9．The boy can’t find his mother, he’s ________.
A．cry B．cries C．crying
( )10．We often go to school ________ eight o’clock in the morning.
A．at B．in C．on
二、请根据相应的对话内容，选出相应的答语。
A．Yes, I do. B．No, you didn’t. C．There are forty. D．No, I can’t. E．Yes, I am.
( )11．Can you play basketball
( )12．Do you want to be in our team
( )13．Are you good at football
( )14．How many pupils are there in you class
( )15．Did I lose my English book
三、选出符合句意的图片。
A． B． C． D． E.
( )16．There are only five chairs in the classroom.
( )17．Your red sweater is on the line.
( )18．They went to Beijing by train.
( )19．We arrived there at ten o’clock.
( )20．I bought some bananas at the supermarket.
四、选词填空。
21．Where did you Lingling (find / found)
22．Are you bored (feeling / feel)
23．Dogs are very . (use / useful)
24． walk on the grass. (Do / Don’t)
25．She didn’t a shirt for her son. (buy / bought)
26．Don’t (jump / jumping) on the bed.
27．—Where did you (find / found) Lingling
—I found her in the kitchen.
28．My school (start / starts）at nine o’clock in the morning.
29．Don’t (ran / run) on the road!
30．I (listen / listened) to music last night.
五、连词成句。
31．twenty, there are, in the class, children, but (.)
32．Mum, a, T-shirt, bought, new, for, me (.)
33．did, do, you, what, at the weekend ( )
34．How much, you, buy, did, juice ( )
35．are, the, Your, line,T-shirts, on (.)
六、句型转换。
36．We played football last Sunday. (对画线部分提问)
did you last Sunday
37．What did you buy yesterday (用five pears回答)
38．There is one in the box. (改为否定句)
one in the box.
39．Twenty faces we can see. (对画线部分提问)
can you see
40．I went to Shanghai on my holiday. (对画线部分提问)
go on your holiday
七、选择合适的单词，补全短文。
wear washed looked was had
It 41 sunny and hot yesterday. Sally’s family 42 a picnic in the park. Sally wanted to 43 her new shorts. She likes them very much. But she couldn’t find them. Because her mum 44 them. And they were on the line. Then she wore her white skirt and her yellow T- shirt. They 45 beautiful.
八、阅读理解。
Last week Yangyang went to Dalian with her mother. They went by plane. They visited lots of places. They took a boat trip along the river. It took them three hours and thirty minutes. They bought a lot of chocolate. They had a good day.
( )46．They visited ______.
A．lots of places B．Big Ben C．London Eye D．park
( )47．How did they go there
A．By train. B．By bus. C．By plane. D．By car.
( )48．Yangyang bought ______ last week.
A．cheese B．chocolate C．juice D．fruit
( )49．It took them ______.
A．3时12分 B．3时30分 C．2时20分
50．画线句子的意思：
九、仿照示例写句子。
例：(13 books, desk) There are thirteen books on the desk.
51．(18 children, classroom)
52．(16 footballs, box)
53．(14 birds, tree)
参考答案：
真题回顾
1．C
2．C
3．A
4．C
5．C
6．B
7．C
8．B
9．C
10．A
11．to be
12．drive
13．meet
14．sit
15．mice
16．feeling
17．catch
18．happily
19．well
20．is hiding
21．C
22．A
23．D
24．B
25．E
26．There are only nineteen crayons.
27．I get up at half past seven.
28．You can play football well.
29．He dropped his ice cream on the floor.
30．Mum bought a new T-shirt for me.
31．I can’t
32．No isn’t
33．Where find
34．How feel
35．Are there monkeys in the zoo
36．C
37．B
38．E
39．A
40．D
41．2 1 4 3 6
42．F
43．T
44．F
45．T
46．F
47．I go to school at half past seven.
48．I play in the playground at three o’clock.
49．I do my homework at half past five.
50．I have dinner at seven o’clock.
51．I watch TV at eight o’clock.
提升训练
1．B
2．B
3．C
4．B
5．B
6．A
7．C
8．B
9．C
10．A
11．D
12．A
13．E
14．C
15．B
16．D
17．A
18．E
19．B
20．C
21．find
22．feeling
23．useful
24．Don’t
25．buy
26．jump
27．find
28．starts
29．run
30．listened
31．
32．
33．
34．
35．Your T-shirts are on the line.
36．What do
37．I bought five pears.
38．There isn’t
39．How many faces
40．Where did you
41．was
42．had
43．wear
44．washed
45．looked
46．A
47．C
48．B
49．B
50．他们乘船沿河旅行。
51．There are eighteen children in the classroom.
52．There are sixteen footballs in the box.
53．There are fourteen birds in the tree.

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