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铁人中学2023级高一上学期期末考试
英语试题
试题说明：1、本试题满分150分，答题时间120分钟。
2、请将答案填写在答题卡上，考试结束后只交答题卡。
第Ⅰ卷 选择题部分
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中给出的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What do we learn from the conversation
A. The man hates to lend his tools to other people.
B. The man hasn’t finished working on the bookshelf.
C. The man lost those tools.
2. What are the two speakers talking about
A. A park. B. A trip. C. A cinema.
3. What does the man mean
A. He would like to make an appointment for the woman.
B. He thinks it worthwhile to try Santerbale’s.
C. He knows a less expensive place for a haircut.
4. What do we learn from this conversation
A. The man wants to go to Los Angeles.
B. The man wants to go to San Francisco.
C. There are no flights to Los Angeles for the rest of the day.
5. What is the woman’s opinion of the research paper
A It’s fine as it is.
B. Only a few changes should be made in it.
C. Major revisions are needed in it.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至8题。
6. Why is Ken calling
A. To ask about the address for the meeting.
B. To ask about the time for the meeting.
C. To remind Andy of the meeting.
7. Where is Andy
A. In his office. B. In the supermarket. C. In the downtown.
8. What is Ken’s phone number
A. 439-808-7754. B. 493-908-7754. C. 439-908-7754.
听第7段材料，回答第9至11题。
9. Which of the following is the man’s favorite food
A. Carrots. B. Chocolate cakes. C. Fruits.
10. What are the two speakers probably doing now
A. Having a meal. B. Shopping. C. Preparing food.
11. What does the woman say about carrots
A. It is rich in fibers. B. It can reduce weight. C. It contains much vitamin C.
听第8段材料，回答第12至14题。
12. Where is the conversation taking place
A. In the man’s house. B. In the woman’s house. C. In their friend’s house.
13. What color is the meat container
A. Blue. B. Yellow. C. Red.
14. What is the side dish mentioned by the man
A. Eggplant with soy sauce. B. Pork with pineapple. C. Tomatoes with sugar.
听第9段材料，回答第15至17题。
15. Who is learning Chinese probably
A. Rose. B. Jane. C. Jack.
16. How many children does the woman have
A. Three. B. Four. C. Five.
17. What will the woman do tomorrow
A. Go to the cinema. B. Go to the McDonald’s. C. Go to school.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. What happened to the speaker
A. He transferred to another post in another city.
B. His colleagues started to get along well with him.
C. His hard work paid off.
19. What contributions did the speaker make for the company
A. He helped increase the sales.
B. He helped build a branch company.
C. He helped make new products.
20. Which of the following statements is TRUE
A. The speaker’s pay rose to $15, 000 per year.
B. The speaker’s department sales increased a lot last year.
C. The speaker refused the rise.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Your Garden Escape
Even in the big city you can find oases (绿洲) of calm and beauty. From a royal palace to a classical garden, we recommend great green spaces to escape the hustle and bustle of London.
Horniman Gardens
Horniman Gardens cover 16 acres with breathtaking views of London. Visitors can enjoy the Sound Garden, Meadow Field, and even a Prehistoric Garden, which features a display of “living fossils.” The gardens are very popular with families, and dogs can be let off their leads in the Meadow Field.
Chiswick Garden
As a classical garden landscape in London, it was here that the English Landscape Movement was born with William Kent’s designs. Enjoy fresh bread, seasonal food, and natural wines in the award-winning cafe, while admiring the beauty of the naturalistic landscape, spotted with impressive art and statues.
Buckingham Palace Garden
The 39-acre garden boasts more than 350 types of wildflowers, over 200 trees and a three-acre lake. The garden also provides a habitat for native birds rarely seen in London. A tour of the garden can be completed by having a cream tea in the cafe overlooking the Palace’s famous grassland and lake.
Kew Garden
The Royal Botanic Garden at Kew is one of the world’s most famous gardens and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Have a walk through the vast garden, spot local wildlife at the lake, or get your hands dirty by trying a gardening lesson. Be sure to visit the Temperate House, which contains some of the rarest and most threatened plants.
1. What can visitors do in both Horniman Gardens and Chiswick Garden
A. Study living fossils.
B. Taste delicious food.
C. Enjoy impressive art.
D. Appreciate fine views.
2. Where should visitors go if they want to join in hands-on activities
A. Horniman Gardens.
B. Chiswick Garden.
C. Buckingham Palace Garden.
D. Kew Garden.
3. What is the purpose of the text
A. To inform visitors of famous gardens.
B. To entertain interested garden visitors.
C. To stress the necessity of garden escape.
D. To show the benefits of touring gardens.
B
My childhood was a painted picture of sunny sky and rolling green fields stretching to the horizon. It tasted of sharp berries and smelt of sour grapes. My family lived in a cabin (小木屋) in the countryside but I lived in my mother’s arms. They were so delicate but strong, her red hair falling around me like a curtain separating me from the world.
Childhood was simple. The borders of my village were the furthest my troubles went and monsters only lived in the pages of books. Every day was a waking dream of running races and muddy knees. My village was archaic, dying cabins housing dying farmers with dying traditions. There weren’t many children but me and the other boys; boys of butchers and sellers formed our own group.
They called us wild. I suppose we were. Trees and mountains formed our playgrounds and fights broke out as easily as sudden laughter. Free from the restrictions of society, we would run into the woods, deeper and deeper until we found a lake which, with a wild yell, we would jump into all at once.
My most vivid memories from boyhood center around that lake. Water shone brightly and the sounds of our screams broke into the outcry from birds. The shock of cold water against sweating skin would wake every nerve in my body and my bare feet would hit the sinking muddy bottom. As we submerged (淹没), time would stop, movements slowing as bubbles rose around us.
I was drowning. I was living. I was living. I was drowning.
For timelessness or a second (both felt the same), we would stop, curl up (蜷缩起来), and then be forced back out into breathing air.
We should have known that it wouldn’t last forever. Yet, even under the best circumstances, there’s something so tragic about growing up: to have your perspective (看法) on the people and life around you change; to always struggle to reach a mirror only to find yourself tall enough to see your reflection one day. And find, a different person staring back out at you.
4. What does the underlined word “archaic” mean in paragraph 2
A. Borderless. B. Valueless. C. Old-fashioned. D. Poor.
5. Why did the author consider himself and other children wild
A. They played in the woods crazily.
B. They tricked others purposefully.
C. They frequently broke social rules.
D. They firmly refused school education.
6. How does the author introduce his memories of the lake
A. By sharing feelings.
B. By expressing ideas.
C. By making comparisons.
D. By describing characters.
7. What message does the author seem to convey in the last paragraph
A. Loneliness and challenges make a man grow up.
B. The regret of growth is that you have never tried.
C. Growth is often accompanied by sad goodbyes to the past.
D. Growth begins when we begin to accept our own weakness.
C
Each year, backed up by a growing anti-consumerist movement, people are using the holiday season to call on us all to shop less.
Driven by concerns about resource exhaustion, over recent years environmentalists have increasingly turned their sight on our “consumer culture”, with Groups such as The Story of Stuff and Buy Nothing New Day growing as a movement that increasingly blames all our ills on our desire to shop.
We clearly have a growing resource problem. The products we make, buy and use are often linked to the destruction of our waterways, biodiversity, climate and the land on which millions of people live, but to blame these issues on Christmas shoppers is misguided, and puts us in the old trap of blaming individuals for what is a systematic problem.
While we complain about environmental destruction over Christmas, environmentalists often forget what the holiday season actually means for many people. In fact, for most, rather than an add-on to an already heavy shopping year, Christmas is likely the only time of year they have the opportunity to spend on friends and family, or even just to buy the necessities needed for modern life.
This is particularly true for Boxing Day, often laughed at by anti-consumerists the most. While we may look down on the queues in front of the shops, for many, those sales provide the chance to buy things they've needed all year. As journalist Leigh Phillips argues, “This is one of the few times of the year that people can even hope to afford such ‘luxuries’, the Christmas presents their kids are asking for, or just an appliance that works.”
Indeed, the richest 7% of people are responsible for 50% of greenhouse gas emissions. This becomes particularly harmful when you take into account of our consumption “problem” anyway. Why are environmentalists attacking these individuals, while ignoring people like Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich, who has his own 1.5bn yacht with a missile defence system
Anyway, anti-consumerism has become a movement of wealthy people talking down to the working class about their life choice, while ignoring the real cause of our environmental problem. It is no wonder no one is changing their behaviour—or that environmental destruction continues without becoming any less severe.
8. What can be inferred about the environmentalist movement from Paragraphs 2 and 3
A. It has targeted the wrong persons. B. It has achieved its intended purposes.
C. It has solved the environmental problems. D. It has persuaded consumers not to shop any more.
9. What does Leigh Phillips think of Boxing Day
A. A trap for consumers. B. A tough problem to deal with.
C. A precious shopping opportunity. D. A positive contribution to the economy.
10. For what purpose is Roman Abramovich mentioned in the text
A. To show how rich he is.
B. To announce he is a Russian.
C. To present his contributions to the environment.
D. To suggest the real cause of environmental problems hasn't been found.
11. What is the text mainly about
A. The environmental problems are very serious.
B. Less shopping can't solve the environmental problems.
C. Resources are becoming fewer and fewer on the earth.
D. Measures should be taken to protect the environment.
D
Of all the problems that people face today, depression proves to be one of the hardest to pinpoint. People often suffer secretly, not wanting to admit their need of professional help. They continue with their normal routines and, many times, unhealthy eating habits. Now, health professionals are actually linking diet and depression and have found success in using diet to treat the disorder.
Several researchers and Australian institutions at Deakin University in Victoria, Australia, set out to evaluate the direct link between diet and depression. They carried out the study over a 12-week period and observed 67 patients with moderate to severe depression. For their control group, the patients received social support rather than switching their eating habits to a well-balanced diet. The other patients then received dietary counseling sessions where they were advised to eat a diet high in fruits, vegetables, and lean meats. After the trial period, over 30 percent of the patients had gone into remission with their depression. Only 8 percent of the control group actually experienced this same improvement. This trial has greatly helped researchers understand and better help patients suffering from depression.
Most Americans today do not associate their diet and depression together. Nearly 60 percent of Americans eat over processed foods. 90 percent of added sugar comes from these processed foods. For people with depression, this diet might give a short energy burst, but it will eventually cause energy to sink, bringing happy moods down with it. Many people also love caffeine, drinking multiple cups each day. Again, they consume extra sugar. However, the caffeine can also disrupt sleep and cause anxiety. In addition, people with depression may have a tendency to turn to alcohol Unfortunately, alcohol depresses the central nervous system, which will directly influence a person’s mood for the worse, especially those dealing with depression.
According to the research, diet and depression do go hand in hand. Those suffering from depression should do away with processed foods as much as possible. With a few simple changes in lifestyle, these patients can improve their mental health and return to normal activities with renewed energy and joy.
12. What prevents patients from being identified according to the passage
A. Their reluctance to ask for treatment. B. Lack of professional help.
C. Unawareness of their diet problems. D. Inadequate social support.
13. What do we know about the study conducted at Deakin University
A. The patients in the study came from different parts of the world.
B. Two groups were divided on the basis of their levels of depression.
C. The control group enjoyed a better improvement in their mood.
D. The study helps researchers find a better treatment for depression.
14 How do processed foods influence those dealing with depression according to the study
A. Chemicals in them will weaken patients’ central nervous system.
B. Added sugar from them will finally lessen patients’ happiness.
C. They can make patients more likely to be addicted to alcohol.
D. They will reduce essential mood-boosting nutrients in patients.
15. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. What you need is just a right diet B. What is your depression killer
C. Is your diet making you depressed D. It’s time to change your life style
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Many of us set goals, but sometimes we fail to achieve them. There are many causes why we don’t manage to realize our goals.____16____There is a way, though, to help address this problem: set reminders. People employ a psychological strategy called cognitive (认知的) offloading, where we use a physical action to reduce demands on our brain. Specifically, we may outsource our intentions from being stored in our brains to reminders outside our head.____17____
Understanding the benefits of cognitive offloading can improve our ability to remember and follow through with our intentions. The biggest benefit is simply that it improves memory performance. It increases the probability that we will work towards the goals we need to reach. ____18____“The more we offload unimportant information, such as items on a shopping list, the more we can use our brain for those more significant cognitive tasks, such as creativity,” said Sam Gilbert, professor at the University College London.
____19____Still, there are potential negative parts for it. We are more likely to forget what we offloaded if we no longer access our storage, such as when our smartphone dies. We also tend to offload the important things we most want to remember. In a surprise test where their reminders were wiped clean, the participants were more likely to forget the important items and recall the unimportant ones, that is, the more important the intention we want to remember, the more likely we are to offload it—and to forget it.
We’d better tend to create reminders when we think we need them, but not necessarily when we do need them. ____20____“If our understanding of our memory ability is wrong, this suggests that we will either overuse or underuse reminders,” Gilbert said. “We can learn by noticing the times that we have forgotten to do something and could have used reminders to help.”
A. Cognitive offloading has noticeable benefits.
B. One common reason is that we simply forget them.
C. Besides, it can free up our limited cognitive resources.
D. A good example can be documents on our smartphone calendars.
E. The process of cognitive offloading helps us identify false information.
F. Our beliefs about how good our memory is directly influence whether we set them.
G. Other experts say it’s too soon to understand how cognitive offloading affects our brains.
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Ariel Cordova-Rojas rode her bike to Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge in Queens, New York, planning to go hiking and bird-watching. A mile into her walk, she _____21_____ a female mute swan near the water’s edge. Cordova-Rojas, who had been _____22_____ at the Wild Bird Fund rehabilitation (康复) center in Manhattan, knew that mute swans can be aggressive (富于攻击性的). But as she_____23_____ this one, it didn’t move.
She was certain that the bird needed medical attention. Cordova-Rojas covered her jacket over the bird’s head to keep it calm, _____24_____ picked it up, and held it in her arms. And then a thought _____25_____ her: What do I do now
Her best bet was the rehab center. _____26_____, that was across the East River on the other side of town. How was she going to _____27_____ a 17-pound swan on her bike all that way Luckily, some strangers driving by _____28_____ her, her bike, and the swan a lift to a nearby subway station.
On the subway, no one seemed particularly annoyed by the feathered passenger. They were busy with their own things. Cordova-Rojas called the rehab center on the way, and Tristan Higginbotham, an animal-care manager, picked her up at the subway station and drove bird, bike, and _____29_____ to the facility. There, staff members _____30_____ that the swan might have lead poisoning (铅中毒), caused by swallowing (吞下) weights used on fishing lines.
The staff got the swan back up on her webbed feet. She even made a boyfriend at the center—another injured swan. Sadly, even with all that care, the swan _____31_____ a bacterial infection. Two months after Cordova-Rojas came to her rescue, she _____32_____.
It’s a _____33_____ ending, but the real story is just _____34_____ some people are willing to go to save a swan in the big city—literally. “In all, Cordova-Rojas traveled two hours by foot, car, and subway,” says Higginbotham, “That’s the perfect _____35_____ of who she is.”
21. A. struck B. caught C. spotted D. claimed
22. A. inspired B. employed C. restored D. cured
23 A. injured B. deserted C. fed D. approached
24. A. seriously B. critically C. gently D. delightedly
25. A. stuck to B. contributed to C. occurred to D. adjusted to
26. A. Moreover B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise
27. A. transform B. transplant C. translate D. transport
28. A. offered B. showed C. made D. found
29. A. stranger B. driver C. manager D. rescuer
30. A. measured B. determined C. examined D. reassured
31. A. contacted B. avoided C. developed D. survived
32. A. flew away B. gave away C. turn away D. passed away
33. A. shocking B. disappointing C. thrilling D. puzzling
34. A. how much B. how far C. how long D. how well
35. A. summary B. combination C. concept D. philosophy
第Ⅱ卷 非选择题部分
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
If you were told to stop from breathing through your nose, could you do it Journalist Nestor made ____36____ for about 10 days, plugging up his nose and ____37____(breathe) only through his mouth as part of an experiment at Stanford University. The effects were systemic — sleeping troubles, high blood pressure and, of course, discomfort.
Breathing is so automatic an activity ____38____ most of us never think about doing it. But as Nestor shows through his own experiences and conversations with dozens of experts, the way we breathe ____39____ (make) a difference to the body’s overall health. Based on the results of the experiment, he published a book Breath:The New Science of a Lost Art, ____40____ he explores everything from the role our noses play ____41____ hormone regulation (激素调节) and digestion, to how some athletes build up the lung capacity (肺活量)____42____ (run) marathons in extreme conditions or dive in ____43____ (ice) water for more than an hour at a time. The topic is seemingly simple — an entire book about breathing. But ____44____ (actual) every chapter reveals new details about how body and breath work together at the same time.
Nestor’s daring attitude and _____45_____ (curious) were infectious: I not only noticed myself paying attention to my own breathing every time I sat down to read, but my new-found comfort with my own lungs even inspired me to go for my first jog in years.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 单词拼写(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
根据汉语意思或首字母写出单词的适当形式。
46. ______(最初，原先), we had intended to go to Italy, but then we won the trip to Greece. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
47. Language is a gift ___________ (属于) to humans. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
48. A bicycle is often ___________ (方便的) than a car in towns. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
49. Our new offices are still under c____________, so we are working in the old office. (根据首字母单词拼写)
50. It is strongly ________ (建议) that the machines should be checked every year. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
51. Human life is regarded as part of nature and therefore the only way for us to survive is to live in h___________ with nature. (根据首字母单词拼写)
52. She made a good suggestion which is of ___________ (益处) to the classmates, so we have adopted it. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
53. Teachers will never be r________ by computers in the classroom. （根据首字母单词拼写）
54. She’s ___________ (专家的) at making cheap but fashionable clothes. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
55. I ___________ (呆住) with fright as the door slowly opened. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
56. The man who invented Post-It notes must have made a ___________ (大笔的钱) by now. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
57. His speech made a profound________（影响）on everyone.（根据汉语意思填空）
58 Formal language is different from i ___________ language in several ways. (根据首字母单词拼写)
59. I think a lot of people, women in ___________ (特别), try to avoid these sensitive issues. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
60. There was only a n___________ gap between the bed and the wall. It’s not wide. (根据首字母单词拼写)
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
61. 假如你是晨光中学的李津。下周你校将于英国友好学校举办一场在线会议探讨如何利用网络学习英语，请你根据以下提示撰写一篇发言稿：
1. 介绍你是如何利用网络学习英语的(至少两点)；
2. 简单谈谈你对利用网络学习英语的看法；
3. 你的建议。
注意：1. 100字左右；
2. 可适当加入细节，使内容充实，行文连贯。
Good morning dear friends.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
听力答案：1-5 CBCAA 6-10 CBCBA 11-15 CABCB 16-20 AACAB铁人中学2023级高一上学期期末考试
英语试题
试题说明：1、本试题满分150分，答题时间120分钟。
2、请将答案填写在答题卡上，考试结束后只交答题卡。
第Ⅰ卷 选择题部分
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中给出的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What do we learn from the conversation
A. The man hates to lend his tools to other people.
B. The man hasn’t finished working on the bookshelf.
C. The man lost those tools.
2. What are the two speakers talking about
A. A park. B. A trip. C. A cinema.
3. What does the man mean
A. He would like to make an appointment for the woman.
B. He thinks it worthwhile to try Santerbale’s.
C. He knows a less expensive place for a haircut.
4. What do we learn from this conversation
A. The man wants to go to Los Angeles.
B. The man wants to go to San Francisco.
C. There are no flights to Los Angeles for the rest of the day.
5. What is the woman’s opinion of the research paper
A. It’s fine as it is.
B. Only a few changes should be made in it.
C. Major revisions are needed in it.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至8题。
6. Why is Ken calling
A. To ask about the address for the meeting.
B. To ask about the time for the meeting.
C. To remind Andy of the meeting.
7. Where is Andy
A. In his office. B. In the supermarket. C. In the downtown.
8. What is Ken’s phone number
A. 439-808-7754. B. 493-908-7754. C. 439-908-7754.
听第7段材料，回答第9至11题。
9. Which of the following is the man’s favorite food
A. Carrots. B. Chocolate cakes. C. Fruits.
10. What are the two speakers probably doing now
A. Having a meal. B. Shopping. C. Preparing food.
11. What does the woman say about carrots
A. It is rich in fibers. B. It can reduce weight. C. It contains much vitamin C.
听第8段材料，回答第12至14题。
12. Where is the conversation taking place
A. In the man’s house. B. In the woman’s house. C. In their friend’s house.
13 What color is the meat container
A. Blue. B. Yellow. C. Red.
14. What is the side dish mentioned by the man
A. Eggplant with soy sauce. B. Pork with pineapple. C. Tomatoes with sugar.
听第9段材料，回答第15至17题。
15. Who is learning Chinese probably
A. Rose. B. Jane. C. Jack.
16. How many children does the woman have
A. Three. B. Four. C. Five.
17. What will the woman do tomorrow
A. Go to the cinema. B. Go to the McDonald’s. C. Go to school.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. What happened to the speaker
A. He transferred to another post in another city.
B. His colleagues started to get along well with him.
C. His hard work paid off.
19. What contributions did the speaker make for the company
A. He helped increase the sales.
B. He helped build a branch company.
C. He helped make new products.
20. Which of the following statements is TRUE
A. The speaker’s pay rose to $15, 000 per year.
B. The speaker’s department sales increased a lot last year.
C. The speaker refused the rise.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Your Garden Escape
Even in the big city you can find oases (绿洲) of calm and beauty. From a royal palace to a classical garden, we recommend great green spaces to escape the hustle and bustle of London.
Horniman Gardens
Horniman Gardens cover 16 acres with breathtaking views of London. Visitors can enjoy the Sound Garden, Meadow Field, and even a Prehistoric Garden, which features a display of “living fossils.” The gardens are very popular with families, and dogs can be let off their leads in the Meadow Field.
Chiswick Garden
As a classical garden landscape in London, it was here that the English Landscape Movement was born with William Kent’s designs. Enjoy fresh bread, seasonal food, and natural wines in the award-winning cafe, while admiring the beauty of the naturalistic landscape, spotted with impressive art and statues.
Buckingham Palace Garden
The 39-acre garden boasts more than 350 types of wildflowers, over 200 trees and a three-acre lake. The garden also provides a habitat for native birds rarely seen in London. A tour of the garden can be completed by having a cream tea in the cafe overlooking the Palace’s famous grassland and lake.
Kew Garden
The Royal Botanic Garden at Kew is one of the world’s most famous gardens and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Have a walk through the vast garden, spot local wildlife at the lake, or get your hands dirty by trying a gardening lesson. Be sure to visit the Temperate House, which contains some of the rarest and most threatened plants.
1. What can visitors do in both Horniman Gardens and Chiswick Garden
A. Study living fossils.
B. Taste delicious food.
C. Enjoy impressive art.
D. Appreciate fine views.
2. Where should visitors go if they want to join in hands-on activities
A. Horniman Gardens.
B. Chiswick Garden.
C. Buckingham Palace Garden.
D. Kew Garden.
3. What is the purpose of the text
A. To inform visitors of famous gardens.
B. To entertain interested garden visitors.
C. To stress the necessity of garden escape.
D. To show the benefits of touring gardens.
【答案】1. D 2. D 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了伦敦一些著名的公园。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Homiman Gardens部分“Horniman Gardens cover 16 acres with breathtaking views of London.(霍尼曼花园占地16英亩，享有伦敦的壮丽景色)”以及Chiswick Garden部分“Enjoy fresh bread, seasonal food, and natural wines in the award-winning cafe, while admiring the beauty of the naturalistic landscape, spotted with impressive art and statues.(在屡获殊荣的咖啡馆享用新鲜面包、时令食品和天然葡萄酒，同时欣赏自然景观的美丽，这里有令人印象深刻的艺术和雕像)”可知，游客在霍尼曼花园和奇西克花园都能欣赏美景。故选D项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Kew Garden部分“Have a walk through the vast garden, spot local wildlife at the lake, or get your hands dirty by trying a gardening lesson.(在广阔的花园里散步，在湖边发现当地的野生动物，或者尝试园艺课程，把你的手弄脏)”可知，如果游客想参加手工活动，他们应该去邱园。故选D项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“From a royal palace to a classical garden, we recommend great green spaces to escape the hustle and bustle of London.(从皇家宫殿到古典花园，我们推荐很棒的绿地来逃离伦敦的喧嚣)”可知，文章的目的是向游客介绍伦敦著名的公园。故选A项。
B
My childhood was a painted picture of sunny sky and rolling green fields stretching to the horizon. It tasted of sharp berries and smelt of sour grapes. My family lived in a cabin (小木屋) in the countryside but I lived in my mother’s arms. They were so delicate but strong, her red hair falling around me like a curtain separating me from the world.
Childhood was simple. The borders of my village were the furthest my troubles went and monsters only lived in the pages of books. Every day was a waking dream of running races and muddy knees. My village was archaic, dying cabins housing dying farmers with dying traditions. There weren’t many children but me and the other boys; boys of butchers and sellers formed our own group.
They called us wild. I suppose we were. Trees and mountains formed our playgrounds and fights broke out as easily as sudden laughter. Free from the restrictions of society, we would run into the woods, deeper and deeper until we found a lake which, with a wild yell, we would jump into all at once.
My most vivid memories from boyhood center around that lake. Water shone brightly and the sounds of our screams broke into the outcry from birds. The shock of cold water against sweating skin would wake every nerve in my body and my bare feet would hit the sinking muddy bottom. As we submerged (淹没), time would stop, movements slowing as bubbles rose around us.
I was drowning. I was living. I was living. I was drowning.
For timelessness or a second (both felt the same), we would stop, curl up (蜷缩起来), and then be forced back out into breathing air.
We should have known that it wouldn’t last forever. Yet, even under the best circumstances, there’s something so tragic about growing up: to have your perspective (看法) on the people and life around you change; to always struggle to reach a mirror only to find yourself tall enough to see your reflection one day. And find, a different person staring back out at you.
4. What does the underlined word “archaic” mean in paragraph 2
A. Borderless. B. Valueless. C. Old-fashioned. D. Poor.
5. Why did the author consider himself and other children wild
A. They played in the woods crazily.
B. They tricked others purposefully.
C. They frequently broke social rules.
D. They firmly refused school education.
6. How does the author introduce his memories of the lake
A. By sharing feelings.
B. By expressing ideas.
C. By making comparisons.
D. By describing characters.
7. What message does the author seem to convey in the last paragraph
A. Loneliness and challenges make a man grow up.
B. The regret of growth is that you have never tried.
C. Growth is often accompanied by sad goodbyes to the past.
D. Growth begins when we begin to accept our own weakness.
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. A 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要描绘了作者对于童年美好生活的回忆以及对于长大后童年时光逝去的感伤。
【4题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章第二段划线词后“dying cabins housing dying farmers with dying traditions(破败的小屋，居住着颓废的农民，他们的传统已经消亡)”可知，我小时候生活的村庄很陈旧。故划线词与Old-fashioned“陈旧的；过时的”词义相近。故选C。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“Trees and mountains formed our playgrounds and fights broke out as easily as sudden laughter. Free from the restrictions of society, we would run into the woods, deeper and deeper until we found a lake which, with a wild yell, we would jump into all at once.(树木和山脉构成了我们的游乐场，打斗就像突然的笑声一样容易爆发。在不受社会限制的情况下，我们会跑进树林，越来越深，直到我们发现一个湖，伴随着一声狂野的呼喊，我们会立刻跳进里面)”可知，之所以作者认为自己和其他孩子都是野孩子，是因为他们在树林里疯狂地玩耍。故选A。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Water shone brightly and the sounds of our screams broke into the outcry from birds. The shock of cold water against sweating skin would wake every nerve in my body and my bare feet would hit the sinking muddy bottom. As we submerged ( 淹没 ), time would stop, movements slowing as bubbles rose around us.(水照得很亮，我们的尖叫声变成了鸟叫声。冷水对出汗的皮肤的冲击会唤醒我身体的每一根神经，我的赤脚会碰到下沉的泥底。当我们沉入水中时，时间会停止，随着气泡在我们周围升起，运动会减慢)”和第五段“I was drowning. I was living. I was living. I was drowning.(我快要淹死了。我还活着。我还活着。我快要淹死了)”以及第六段“For timelessness or a second (both felt the same), we would stop, curl up, and then be forced back out into breathing air.(对于永恒或一秒钟(两种感觉都一样)，我们会停下来，蜷缩起来，然后被迫重新呼吸)”可知，作者从自己当时的所见、所听、所感等多个层面描绘了自己童年时对于湖的回忆。故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“We should have known that it wouldn’t last forever.(我们应该知道它不会永远持续下去)”可知，作者在最后一段传达一种“成长往往伴随着伤心地和过去说再见”的情感。故选C。
C
Each year, backed up by a growing anti-consumerist movement, people are using the holiday season to call on us all to shop less.
Driven by concerns about resource exhaustion, over recent years environmentalists have increasingly turned their sight on our “consumer culture”, with Groups such as The Story of Stuff and Buy Nothing New Day growing as a movement that increasingly blames all our ills on our desire to shop.
We clearly have a growing resource problem. The products we make, buy and use are often linked to the destruction of our waterways, biodiversity, climate and the land on which millions of people live, but to blame these issues on Christmas shoppers is misguided, and puts us in the old trap of blaming individuals for what is a systematic problem.
While we complain about environmental destruction over Christmas, environmentalists often forget what the holiday season actually means for many people. In fact, for most, rather than an add-on to an already heavy shopping year, Christmas is likely the only time of year they have the opportunity to spend on friends and family, or even just to buy the necessities needed for modern life.
This is particularly true for Boxing Day, often laughed at by anti-consumerists the most. While we may look down on the queues in front of the shops, for many, those sales provide the chance to buy things they've needed all year. As journalist Leigh Phillips argues, “This is one of the few times of the year that people can even hope to afford such ‘luxuries’, the Christmas presents their kids are asking for, or just an appliance that works.”
Indeed, the richest 7% of people are responsible for 50% of greenhouse gas emissions. This becomes particularly harmful when you take into account of our consumption “problem” anyway. Why are environmentalists attacking these individuals, while ignoring people like Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich, who has his own 1.5bn yacht with a missile defence system
Anyway, anti-consumerism has become a movement of wealthy people talking down to the working class about their life choice, while ignoring the real cause of our environmental problem. It is no wonder no one is changing their behaviour—or that environmental destruction continues without becoming any less severe.
8. What can be inferred about the environmentalist movement from Paragraphs 2 and 3
A. It has targeted the wrong persons. B. It has achieved its intended purposes.
C. It has solved the environmental problems. D. It has persuaded consumers not to shop any more.
9. What does Leigh Phillips think of Boxing Day
A. A trap for consumers. B. A tough problem to deal with.
C. A precious shopping opportunity. D. A positive contribution to the economy.
10. For what purpose is Roman Abramovich mentioned in the text
A. To show how rich he is.
B. To announce he is a Russian.
C. To present his contributions to the environment.
D. To suggest the real cause of environmental problems hasn't been found.
11. What is the text mainly about
A. The environmental problems are very serious.
B. Less shopping can't solve the environmental problems.
C Resources are becoming fewer and fewer on the earth.
D. Measures should be taken to protect the environment.
【答案】8. A 9. C 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了反消费主义其实是富人对工人阶级生活选择进行贬低的运动，忽视了环境问题的真正原因，这种运动丝毫不会让环境问题得到改善。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Driven by concerns about resource exhaustion, over recent years environmentalists have increasingly turned their sight on our “consumer culture”, with Groups such as The Story of Stuff and Buy Nothing New Day growing as a movement that increasingly blames all our ills on our desire to shop.(由于对资源枯竭的担忧，近年来环保主义者越来越多地把目光转向我们的“消费文化”，像“东西的故事”和“新一天不买东西”这样的团体日益成为一种运动，越来越多地将我们所有的疾病归咎于我们的购物欲望)”及第三段中“but to blame these issues on Christmas shoppers is misguided, and puts us in the old trap of blaming individuals for what is a systematic problem(但将这些问题归咎于圣诞购物者是被误导的，这让我们陷入了把系统性问题归咎于个人的老陷阱)”可推知，环保主义者把环境问题归咎于购物者是错误的。故选A。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中“As journalist Leigh Phillips argues, “This is one of the few times of the year that people can even hope to afford such ‘luxuries’, the Christmas presents their kids are asking for, or just an appliance that works.”(正如记者Leigh Phillips所说：“这是一年中为数不多的几次人们甚至可以指望买得起这些‘奢侈品’的时候之一，比如孩子们想要的圣诞礼物，或者只是一件好用的电器。”)”可知，Leigh Phillips把Boxing Day看作难得的购物机会。故选C。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Indeed, the richest 7% of people are responsible for 50% of greenhouse gas emissions. This becomes particularly harmful when you take into account of our consumption “problem” anyway. Why are environmentalists attacking these individuals, while ignoring people like Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich, who has his own 1.5bn yacht with a missile defence system (事实上，最富有的7%的人要为50%的温室气体排放负责。无论如何，当你考虑到我们的消费“问题”时，这就变得尤为有害。为什么环保主义者攻击这些人，却忽视俄罗斯亿万富翁Roman Abramovich这样的人？Abramovich拥有一艘价值15亿英镑、装有导弹防御系统的游艇)”可推知，文章提到Roman Abramovich是为了表明环保主义者没有弄清环境问题的根本原因。故选D。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Anyway, anti-consumerism has become a movement of wealthy people talking down to the working class about their life choice, while ignoring the real cause of our environmental problem. It is no wonder no one is changing their behaviour—or that environmental destruction continues without becoming any less severe.(不管怎么说，反消费主义已经变成了一场富人对工人阶级谈论他们的生活选择的运动，而忽视了我们环境问题的真正原因。难怪没有人改变他们的行为，也难怪环境破坏仍在继续，却丝毫没有减轻)”结合本文介绍了环保主义者认为环境问题是普通民众购物造成的，而反消费主义实际上是富人对工人阶级的生活选择进行贬低的运动，忽视了环境问题的真正原因。可知，文章主要讲的是减少购物不能解决环境问题。故选B。
D
Of all the problems that people face today, depression proves to be one of the hardest to pinpoint. People often suffer secretly, not wanting to admit their need of professional help. They continue with their normal routines and, many times, unhealthy eating habits. Now, health professionals are actually linking diet and depression and have found success in using diet to treat the disorder.
Several researchers and Australian institutions at Deakin University in Victoria, Australia, set out to evaluate the direct link between diet and depression. They carried out the study over a 12-week period and observed 67 patients with moderate to severe depression. For their control group, the patients received social support rather than switching their eating habits to a well-balanced diet. The other patients then received dietary counseling sessions where they were advised to eat a diet high in fruits, vegetables, and lean meats. After the trial period, over 30 percent of the patients had gone into remission with their depression. Only 8 percent of the control group actually experienced this same improvement. This trial has greatly helped researchers understand and better help patients suffering from depression.
Most Americans today do not associate their diet and depression together. Nearly 60 percent of Americans eat over processed foods. 90 percent of added sugar comes from these processed foods. For people with depression, this diet might give a short energy burst, but it will eventually cause energy to sink, bringing happy moods down with it. Many people also love caffeine, drinking multiple cups each day. Again, they consume extra sugar. However, the caffeine can also disrupt sleep and cause anxiety. In addition, people with depression may have a tendency to turn to alcohol Unfortunately, alcohol depresses the central nervous system, which will directly influence a person’s mood for the worse, especially those dealing with depression.
According to the research, diet and depression do go hand in hand. Those suffering from depression should do away with processed foods as much as possible. With a few simple changes in lifestyle, these patients can improve their mental health and return to normal activities with renewed energy and joy.
12. What prevents patients from being identified according to the passage
A. Their reluctance to ask for treatment. B. Lack of professional help.
C. Unawareness of their diet problems. D. Inadequate social support.
13. What do we know about the study conducted at Deakin University
A. The patients in the study came from different parts of the world.
B. Two groups were divided on the basis of their levels of depression.
C. The control group enjoyed a better improvement in their mood.
D. The study helps researchers find a better treatment for depression.
14. How do processed foods influence those dealing with depression according to the study
A. Chemicals in them will weaken patients’ central nervous system.
B. Added sugar from them will finally lessen patients’ happiness.
C. They can make patients more likely to be addicted to alcohol.
D. They will reduce essential mood-boosting nutrients in patients.
15. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. What you need is just a right diet B. What is your depression killer
C. Is your diet making you depressed D. It’s time to change your life style
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. B 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了饮食与抑郁之间的关系。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“People often suffer secretly, not wanting to admit their need of professional help. （人们常常暗自痛苦，不愿承认他们需要专业帮助）”可知，不愿承认需要专业帮助，不愿寻求治疗是妨碍患者被识别的原因。故选A。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Several researchers and Australian institutions at Deakin University in Victoria, Australia, set out to evaluate the direct link between diet and depression.(澳大利亚维多利亚州迪肯大学的几位研究人员和澳大利亚研究机构开始评估饮食与抑郁之间的直接联系)”和“This trial has greatly helped researchers understand and better help patients suffering from depression.（这项试验极大地帮助研究人员了解并更好地帮助抑郁症患者）”可推知，迪肯大学进行的这项研究帮助研究人员找到更好的治疗抑郁症的方法。故选D。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Nearly 60 percent of Americans eat over processed foods. 90 percent of added sugar comes from these processed foods. For people with depression, this diet might give a short energy burst, but it will eventually cause energy to sink, bringing happy moods down with it.（近60%的美国人过度食用加工食品。90%的添加糖来自这些加工食品。对于抑郁症患者来说，这种饮食方式可能会让他们的精力短暂爆发，但最终会导致精力下降，快乐的情绪也随之下降）”可知，90%的添加糖来自深加工食品，添加的糖分最终会降低患者的幸福感。故选B。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合文章第二段“Several researchers and Australian institutions at Deakin University in Victoria, Australia, set out to evaluate the direct link between diet and depression（澳大利亚维多利亚州迪肯大学的几位研究人员和澳大利亚研究机构开始评估饮食与抑郁之间的直接联系）”和最后一段“According to the research, diet and depression do go hand in hand.(根据这项研究，饮食和抑郁确实密切相)”可知，文章主要介绍了对饮食与抑郁之间是否有关联的研究，C项“ Is your diet making you depressed （你的饮食习惯让你抑郁吗？）”是最佳标题。故选C。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Many of us set goals, but sometimes we fail to achieve them. There are many causes why we don’t manage to realize our goals.____16____There is a way, though, to help address this problem: set reminders. People employ a psychological strategy called cognitive (认知的) offloading, where we use a physical action to reduce demands on our brain. Specifically, we may outsource our intentions from being stored in our brains to reminders outside our head.____17____
Understanding the benefits of cognitive offloading can improve our ability to remember and follow through with our intentions. The biggest benefit is simply that it improves memory performance. It increases the probability that we will work towards the goals we need to reach. ____18____“The more we offload unimportant information, such as items on a shopping list, the more we can use our brain for those more significant cognitive tasks, such as creativity,” said Sam Gilbert, professor at the University College London.
____19____Still, there are potential negative parts for it. We are more likely to forget what we offloaded if we no longer access our storage, such as when our smartphone dies. We also tend to offload the important things we most want to remember. In a surprise test where their reminders were wiped clean, the participants were more likely to forget the important items and recall the unimportant ones, that is, the more important the intention we want to remember, the more likely we are to offload it—and to forget it.
We’d better tend to create reminders when we think we need them, but not necessarily when we do need them. ____20____“If our understanding of our memory ability is wrong, this suggests that we will either overuse or underuse reminders,” Gilbert said. “We can learn by noticing the times that we have forgotten to do something and could have used reminders to help.”
A. Cognitive offloading has noticeable benefits.
B. One common reason is that we simply forget them.
C. Besides, it can free up our limited cognitive resources.
D. A good example can be documents on our smartphone calendars.
E. The process of cognitive offloading helps us identify false information.
F. Our beliefs about how good our memory is directly influence whether we set them.
G. Other experts say it’s too soon to understand how cognitive offloading affects our brains.
【答案】16. B 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了认知卸载的好处和坏处，以及什么时候创建提醒。
【16题详解】
根据前文“There are many causes why we don’t manage to realize our goals.(我们无法实现目标的原因有很多)”可知，此处是说明无法实现目标的原因，所以B项“One common reason is that we simply forget them.(一个常见的原因是我们只是忘记了它们)”符合主题，并引出下文“There is a way, though, to help address this problem: set reminders.(不过，有一个方法可以帮助解决这个问题：设置提醒)”。故选B项。
【17题详解】
根据前文“People employ a psychological strategy called cognitive (认知的) offloading, where we use a physical action to reduce demands on our brain. Specifically, we may outsource our intentions from being stored in our brains to reminders outside our head.(人们采用一种叫做认知卸载的心理策略，即我们用身体动作来减少对大脑的需求。具体来说，我们可能会把我们的意图从储存在大脑里外包给大脑外的提醒)”可知，此处讲述了设置提醒具体方法，所以D项“A good example can be documents on our smartphone calendars.(一个很好的例子就是我们智能手机日历上的文档)”是对此方法的具体举例，符合文意。故选D项。
【18题详解】
根据前文“Understanding the benefits of cognitive offloading can improve our ability to remember and follow through with our intentions. The biggest benefit is simply that it improves memory performance. It increases the probability that we will work towards the goals we need to reach.(了解认知卸载的好处可以提高我们的记忆能力和贯彻我们的意图的能力。最大的好处就是提高了记忆性能。它增加了我们朝着我们需要达到的目标努力的可能性)”可知，此处在讲述了解认知卸载的好处，根据后文““The more we offload unimportant information, such as items on a shopping list, the more we can use our brain for those more significant cognitive tasks, such as creativity,” said Sam Gilbert, professor at the University College London.(伦敦大学学院的教授山姆·吉尔伯特说：“我们越不去想那些不重要的信息，比如购物清单上的东西，我们就越能把大脑用于那些更重要的认知任务，比如创造力。”)”是在讲述另一个好处，所以空处应是C项“Besides, it can free up our limited cognitive resources.(此外，它可以释放我们有限的认知资源)”符合文意，描述另一个好处，引出下文。故选C项。
【19题详解】
分析设空，位于段首，根据后文“Still, there are potential negative parts for it.(不过，它也有潜在的负面影响)”可知，空处应是承上启下的作用，由上文介绍好处，转到讲述缺点，所以A项“Cognitive offloading has noticeable benefits.(认知卸载有明显的好处)”符合文意，承接上文，并和后文构成转折关系。故选A项。
【20题详解】
根据前文“We’d better tend to create reminders when we think we need them, but not necessarily when we do need them.(当我们认为我们需要提醒时，我们最好创建提醒，但不一定是在我们确实需要的时候)”以及后文““If our understanding of our memory ability is wrong, this suggests that we will either overuse or underuse reminders,” Gilbert said.(吉尔伯特说：“如果我们对记忆能力的理解是错误的，这表明我们要么过度使用提醒，要么使用不足。”)”可知，空处应是过渡句，所以F项“Our beliefs about how good our memory is directly influence whether we set them.(我们对自己记忆力好坏的看法直接影响到我们是否能记好)”是对前文的进一步说明，并引出下文。故选F项。
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Ariel Cordova-Rojas rode her bike to Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge in Queens, New York, planning to go hiking and bird-watching. A mile into her walk, she _____21_____ a female mute swan near the water’s edge. Cordova-Rojas, who had been _____22_____ at the Wild Bird Fund rehabilitation (康复) center in Manhattan, knew that mute swans can be aggressive (富于攻击性的). But as she_____23_____ this one, it didn’t move.
She was certain that the bird needed medical attention. Cordova-Rojas covered her jacket over the bird’s head to keep it calm, _____24_____ picked it up, and held it in her arms. And then a thought _____25_____ her: What do I do now
Her best bet was the rehab center. _____26_____, that was across the East River on the other side of town. How was she going to _____27_____ a 17-pound swan on her bike all that way Luckily, some strangers driving by _____28_____ her, her bike, and the swan a lift to a nearby subway station.
On the subway, no one seemed particularly annoyed by the feathered passenger. They were busy with their own things. Cordova-Rojas called the rehab center on the way, and Tristan Higginbotham, an animal-care manager, picked her up at the subway station and drove bird, bike, and _____29_____ to the facility. There, staff members _____30_____ that the swan might have lead poisoning (铅中毒), caused by swallowing (吞下) weights used on fishing lines.
The staff got the swan back up on her webbed feet. She even made a boyfriend at the center—another injured swan. Sadly, even with all that care, the swan _____31_____ a bacterial infection. Two months after Cordova-Rojas came to her rescue, she _____32_____.
It’s a _____33_____ ending, but the real story is just _____34_____ some people are willing to go to save a swan in the big city—literally. “In all, Cordova-Rojas traveled two hours by foot, car, and subway,” says Higginbotham, “That’s the perfect _____35_____ of who she is.”
21. A. struck B. caught C. spotted D. claimed
22. A. inspired B. employed C. restored D. cured
23. A. injured B. deserted C. fed D. approached
24. A. seriously B. critically C. gently D. delightedly
25. A. stuck to B. contributed to C. occurred to D. adjusted to
26. A. Moreover B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise
27. A. transform B. transplant C. translate D. transport
28. A. offered B. showed C. made D. found
29. A. stranger B. driver C. manager D. rescuer
30. A. measured B. determined C. examined D. reassured
31. A. contacted B. avoided C. developed D. survived
32. A. flew away B. gave away C. turn away D. passed away
33. A. shocking B. disappointing C. thrilling D. puzzling
34. A. how much B. how far C. how long D. how well
35. A. summary B. combination C. concept D. philosophy
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. C 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. D 30. B 31. C 32. D 33. B 34. B 35. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位名为Ariel Cordova-Rojas女士不辞辛劳地救助一只受伤的天鹅的故事。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：走了一英里后，她在水边发现了一只雌疣口天鹅。A. struck打，撞；B. caught抓住；C. spotted 看见，注意到；D. claimed声称；宣称。根据下文“But as she___3___ this one, it didn’t move.”可知，作者发现了一只天鹅。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：科尔多瓦·罗哈斯曾在曼哈顿的野鸟基金会康复中心工作，她知道雌疣口天鹅可能很有攻击性。A. inspired激励；B. employed雇佣；C. restored修复；D. cured治愈。根据下文“at the Wild Bird Fund rehabilitation center in Manhattan”可知，科尔多瓦·罗哈斯知道雌疣口天鹅可能很有攻击性是因为她曾在曼哈顿的野鸟基金会康复中心工作。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是当她接近这只天鹅时，它没有动。A. injured受伤；B. deserted舍弃；C. fed喂养；D. approached接近。根据下文“it didn’t move”可知，科尔多瓦·罗哈斯靠近天鹅时，它并没有动。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：科尔多瓦-罗哈斯用她的外套盖住小鸟的头，让它安静下来，然后轻轻地把它抱起来。A. seriously严重地，恶劣地；B. critically批判性地；C. gently温柔地；D. delightedly高兴地，欣喜地。根据上文“Cordova-Rojas covered her jacket over the bird’s head to keep it calm”可知，科尔多瓦·罗哈斯让他保持安静，故是轻轻地把它抱起来。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：然后她突然想到：我现在该怎么办？A. stuck to坚持；B. contributed to导致；C. occurred to想到；D. adjusted to适应。根据下文“What do I do now ”可知，科尔多瓦·罗哈斯突然想到现在该怎么办，sth. occurred to sb.“某人突然想到某事”为固定句式。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：不过，那是在东河对岸，在城镇的另一边。A. Moreover而且；B. However然而；C. Therefore因此；D. Otherwise否则。根据上文“Her best bet was the rehab center”可知，设空处前后为转折关系。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她怎么能把一只17磅重的天鹅用自行车运送这么远 A. transform使改观，使变形；B. transplant 移植；C. translate翻译；D. transport运输。根据下文“on her bike”可知，是用自行车运送天鹅。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，一些开车的陌生人让她、她的自行车和天鹅搭便车到附近的地铁站。A. offered提供；B. showed展示；C. made制作；D. found发现。根据上文“Luckily”和下文“a lift to a nearby subway station”可知，一些开车的陌生人提供便车到附近的地铁站。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：科尔多瓦·罗哈斯在路上给康复中心打了电话，动物护理经理特里斯坦·希金波坦(Tristan Higginbotham)在地铁站接她，开车带着小鸟、自行车和救援者去了康复中心。A. stranger陌生人；B. driver司机；C. manager经理；D. rescuer救助者。根据上文“her, her bike, and the swan a lift to a nearby subway station”可知，动物护理经理开车带着小鸟、自行车和科尔多瓦·罗哈斯去了康复中心，科尔多瓦·罗哈斯就是救这只天鹅人。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那里，工作人员确定这只天鹅可能是铅中毒，因为它吞下了钓鱼线上的重物。A. measured测量；B. determined查明，确定；C. examined检查；D. reassured使安心。根据下文“the swan might have lead poisoning, caused by swallowing weights used on fishing lines”可知，因为它吞下了钓鱼线上的重物，所以工作人员确定这只天鹅可能是铅中毒。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，即使付出了所有的照顾，天鹅还是患上了细菌感染。A. contacted联系；B. avoided避免；C. developed发展，患病；D. survived幸存。根据下文“Two months after Cordova-Rojas came to her rescue, she ___12_____”可知，天鹅患上了细菌感染，病情加重。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：在科尔多瓦·罗哈斯救了她两个月后，她去世了。A. flew away飞走；B. gave away泄露；C. turn away拒绝接纳或接受；D. passed away去世。根据上文“Sadly, even with all that care, the swan ____11____a bacterial infection.”可知，天鹅患上了细菌感染，病情加重离世。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一个令人失望的结局，但真正的故事是一些人为了拯救大城市里的一只天鹅愿意走多远。A. shocking令人震惊的；B. disappointing令人失望的；C. thrilling令人激动的；D. puzzling令人迷惑的。根据上文“Two months after Cordova-Rojas came to her rescue, she ___12___.”可知，天鹅离世，这是一个令人失望的结局。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查副词短语词义辨析。句意：这是一个令人失望的结局，但真正的故事是一些人为了拯救大城市里的一只天鹅愿意走多远。A. how much多少；B. how far 多远；C. how long多长；D. how well多好。根据下文“In all, Cordova-Rojas traveled two hours by foot, car, and subway”可知，这里是指为了拯救大城市里的一只天鹅愿意走多远的距离。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是对她的完美概括。A. summary概括，总结；B. combination结合，联合；C. concept概念；D. philosophy哲学。根据上文“ but the real story is just ___14____ some people are willing to go to save a swan in the big city—literally. “In all, Cordova-Rojas traveled two hours by foot, car, and subway,” says Higginbotham”可知，科尔多瓦·罗哈斯步行、开车和乘地铁走了两个小时，不辞辛劳地救助一只受伤的天鹅是对她的完美概括。故选A。
第Ⅱ卷 非选择题部分
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
If you were told to stop from breathing through your nose, could you do it Journalist Nestor made ____36____ for about 10 days, plugging up his nose and ____37____(breathe) only through his mouth as part of an experiment at Stanford University. The effects were systemic — sleeping troubles, high blood pressure and, of course, discomfort.
Breathing is so automatic an activity ____38____ most of us never think about doing it. But as Nestor shows through his own experiences and conversations with dozens of experts, the way we breathe ____39____ (make) a difference to the body’s overall health. Based on the results of the experiment, he published a book Breath:The New Science of a Lost Art, ____40____ he explores everything from the role our noses play ____41____ hormone regulation (激素调节) and digestion, to how some athletes build up the lung capacity (肺活量)____42____ (run) marathons in extreme conditions or dive in ____43____ (ice) water for more than an hour at a time. The topic is seemingly simple — an entire book about breathing. But ____44____ (actual) every chapter reveals new details about how body and breath work together at the same time.
Nestor’s daring attitude and _____45_____ (curious) were infectious: I not only noticed myself paying attention to my own breathing every time I sat down to read, but my new-found comfort with my own lungs even inspired me to go for my first jog in years.
【答案】36. it 37. breathing
38. that 39. makes
40. where 41. in
42. to run 43. icy
44. actually
45. curiosity
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了呼吸对健康的影响，通过介绍实验和书籍内容，强调呼吸重要性。
【36题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：作为斯坦福大学一项实验的一部分，记者Nestor堵住鼻子，只用嘴巴呼吸，坚持了大约10天。固定搭配：make it，意为“成功做某事”，符合本句句意。故填it。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：作为斯坦福大学一项实验的一部分，记者Nestor堵住鼻子，只用嘴巴呼吸，坚持了大约10天。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，和主句主语“Journalist Nestor”之间存在主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填breathing。
【38题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：呼吸是一种无意识的活动，我们大多数人从来没有想过要去呼吸。固定搭配：so…that…，意为“如此……以至于……”，符合句意。故填that。
【39题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：但正如Nestor通过自己的经历和与数十位专家的对话所表明的那样，我们呼吸的方式对身体的整体健康有很大影响。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为“the way”，单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填makes。
【40题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：根据实验结果，他出版了《呼吸：一门失落的艺术的新科学》一书，在书中，他探讨了从我们的鼻子在激素调节和消化中的作用到一些运动员如何在极端条件下跑马拉松或一次在冰水中潜水超过一个小时的肺脏能力等方方面面。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“a book Breath:The New Science of a Lost Art”，在非限制性定语从句中担当地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。
【41题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：根据实验结果，他出版了《呼吸：一门失落的艺术的新科学》一书，在书中，他探讨了鼻子在激素调节和消化中的作用，以及一些运动员如何增强肺活量，以便在极端条件下跑马拉松或在冰水中潜水一个多小时。固定短语：play a role in，意为：在……中起作用，符合句意。故填in。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：根据实验结果，他出版了《呼吸：一门失落的艺术的新科学》一书，在书中，他探讨了鼻子在激素调节和消化中的作用，以及一些运动员如何增强肺活量，以便在极端条件下跑马拉松或在冰水中潜水一个多小时。非谓语动词担当目的状语用动词不定式形式。故填to run。
【43题详解】
考查形容词。句意：根据实验结果，他出版了《呼吸：一门失落的艺术的新科学》一书，在书中，他探讨了鼻子在激素调节和消化中的作用，以及一些运动员如何增强肺活量，以便在极端条件下跑马拉松或在冰水中潜水一个多小时。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词，修饰空后的名词“water”。故填icy。
【44题详解】
考查副词。句意：但实际上，每一章都揭示了身体和呼吸如何同时协同工作的新细节。担当本句状语用副词形式。故填actually。
【45题详解】
考查名词。句意：Nestor大胆的态度和好奇心很有感染力：我不仅注意到自己每次坐下来阅读时都会注意自己的呼吸，而且我对自己肺部的新感觉甚至激励我多年来第一次慢跑。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式，和空前的“attitude”保持一致。故填curiosity。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 单词拼写(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
根据汉语意思或首字母写出单词的适当形式。
46. ______(最初，原先), we had intended to go to Italy, but then we won the trip to Greece. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】Originally
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：起初，我们打算去意大利，但后来我们赢得了去希腊的旅行。分析句子结构可知，此处应为副词作状语，根据提示的汉语，表示“最初，原先”应为originally，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Originally。
47. Language is a gift ___________ (属于) to humans. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】belonging
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：语言是属于人类的礼物。根据汉语提示“属于”可知，此处为动词belong，已有谓语动词is，空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词gift，belong和gift为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填belonging。
48. A bicycle is often ___________ (方便的) than a car in towns. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】more convenient
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：在城镇里，自行车往往比汽车更方便。根据than可知，空处应填形容词convenient“方便的”的比较级形式more convenient。故填more convenient。
49. Our new offices are still under c____________, so we are working in the old office. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】construction##onstruction
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们的新办公室仍在建设中，所以我们在旧办公室工作。根据句意以及首字母提示可知，空处应用名词construction，作介词under的宾语，under construction表示“在建设中”，符合题意。故填construction。
50. It is strongly ________ (建议) that the machines should be checked every year. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】recommended
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：强烈建议每年对机器进行检查。根据汉语提示可知应填动词recommend，使用动词的过去分词形式，构成句型it is strongly recommended that...，表示“强烈建议”。故填recommended。
51. Human life is regarded as part of nature and therefore the only way for us to survive is to live in h___________ with nature. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】harmony##armony
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：人的生命被视为自然的一部分，因此我们生存的唯一途径就是与自然和谐相处。根据句意“和谐”和首字母提示可知，此处为名词harmony，in harmony with为固定搭配，意为“与……和谐相处”。故填harmony。
52. She made a good suggestion which is of ___________ (益处) to the classmates, so we have adopted it. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】benefit
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：她提出了一个对同学有益的好建议，所以我们采纳了。根据汉语提示和句子结构可知，名词benefit符合题意；be of benefit to“对……有益”为固定短语。故填benefit。
53. Teachers will never be r________ by computers in the classroom. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】replaced##eplaced
【解析】
【详解】考查语态。句意：课堂上，老师永远不会被电脑取代。根据空格前“will never be”以及所给首字母可知，空格处应填replace的过去分词replaced，与空格前构成被动语态表示“被取代”。故填replaced。
54. She’s ___________ (专家的) at making cheap but fashionable clothes. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】expert
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：她擅长制作便宜但时髦的衣服。根据句意和汉语提示可知，空处应填形容词expert在句中作表语，be expert at“擅长”。故填expert。
55. I ___________ (呆住) with fright as the door slowly opened. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】froze
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：门慢慢打开时，我吓得呆住了。根据汉语提示可知，空处应用动词freeze，根据句中opened可知，句子使用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式。故填froze。
56. The man who invented Post-It notes must have made a ___________ (大笔的钱) by now. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】fortune
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：发明便利贴的人现在一定发了财。根据汉语提示可知，空处应用名词fortune，作动词made的宾语，符合题意。故填fortune。
57. His speech made a profound________（影响）on everyone.（根据汉语意思填空）
【答案】impact
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：他的演讲对每个人都产生了深远的影响。根据空前的不定冠词a可知，空处应填一个名词，结合汉语提示可知impact符合题意，故填impact。
58. Formal language is different from i ___________ language in several ways. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】informal##nformal
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：正式语言与非正式语言在几个方面不同。根据句意以及首字母提示可知，空处应用形容词informal，作定语修饰名词language。故填informal。
59. I think a lot of people, women in ___________ (特别), try to avoid these sensitive issues. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】particular
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我认为很多人，尤其是女性，都试图回避这些敏感问题。in particular“特别；尤其”为固定短语。故填particular。
60. There was only a n___________ gap between the bed and the wall. It’s not wide. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】narrow##arrow
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：床和墙之间只有一条很窄的缝隙。它不宽。根据句意和首字母提示可知，空处应填形容词narrow“狭窄的”在句中作定语。故填narrow。
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
61. 假如你是晨光中学的李津。下周你校将于英国友好学校举办一场在线会议探讨如何利用网络学习英语，请你根据以下提示撰写一篇发言稿：
1. 介绍你是如何利用网络学习英语的(至少两点)；
2. 简单谈谈你对利用网络学习英语的看法；
3. 你的建议。
注意：1. 100字左右；
2. 可适当加入细节，使内容充实，行文连贯。
Good morning, dear friends.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Good morning, dear friends.
I am thrilled to be here today to discuss the topic of using the Internet to learn English. To begin with, I often watch English movies and videos online. In addition, I make use of various language learning websites and apps. Personally, I believe that using the Internet to learn English provides us with a vast amount of resources and materials that cater to different interests and learning styles, which makes the learning process more enjoyable and effective. I suggest that we should make good use of the Internet, but also we should limit the online time.
Hope that my experience will be helpful to you.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生关于如何利用网络学习英语，按照要求写一篇发言稿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
激动的：thrilled→excited
此外：in addition→ what’s more
有趣的：enjoyable→amusing
建议：suggest→ advise
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I am thrilled to be here today to discuss the topic of using the Internet to learn English
拓展句：I am thrilled that I have the chance to to discuss the topic of using the Internet to learn English today.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Personally, I believe that using the Internet to learn English provides us with a vast amount of resources and materials that cater to different interests and learning styles, which makes the learning process more enjoyable and effective.（运用了that引导的宾语从句和that引导的限制性定语从句，以及which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】I suggest that we should make good use of the Internet, but also we should limit the online time.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）
听力答案：1-5 CBCAA 6-10 CBCBA 11-15 CABCB 16-20 AACAB

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