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虹口区2023学年度第一学期期终学生学习能力诊断测试
高一英语试卷
2024.1
考生注意：
1. 考试时间90分钟，试卷满分100分。
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。
Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you bear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. He will be punished. B. He lent his book to his classmate.
C. He isn’t prepared for the test. D. He hasn’t returned his book.
2. A. Excited. B. Tired. C. Worried. D. Frightened.
3. A. He didn’t pass the last exam B. He did better in the last exam
C. He is worried about the coming exam. D. He will pass the coming exam.
4. A. For fashion purposes. B. For cooler appearance.
C. For eye protection. D. For indoor activities.
5. A. At 4:00. B. At 4:40. C. At 4:50. D. At 4:30.
6. A. To try his luck at another restaurant. B. To book a table for Tuesday.
C. To book a smaller table. D. To cancel his dinner plans.
7. A. He doesn’t behave himself at school. B. He won’t graduate this summer.
C. He is too young to run a company. D. He puts his knowledge into use
8. A. The ticket price is much too high.
B. Jack missed the show because it’s not popular
C. It’s surprising that Jack missed the popular show.
D. Jack is crazy about musicals.
9. A. She will go to the countryside with the man.
B. She will stay at home for about two weeks
C. She will write for a science newspaper.
D. She will work on her science project.
10 A. He would like to make decisions himself.
B. He is already good at playing the piano.
C. He is too old to take the piano course.
D. He hates going to the piano course
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear one short passage and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on the passage and the conversation. The passage and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Fewer than five minutes. B. Five to ten minutes.
C. As long as possible. D. More than ten minutes.
12. A. Fire your imagination.
B. Get more economic profits.
C. Show respect to the oldest family members.
D. Recognize more family members.
13. A. What a family reunion means.
B. A good beginning of a family reunion.
C. How to make a family reunion special.
D. The most important activity of a family reunion.
Questions 14 through 17 are based on the following conversation
14. A. In the Main Hall B. In Classroom 5.
C. In Director’s Office. D. In the Main Office.
15. A. A welcoming speech and activities. B. The courses and various services.
C. The courses and their requirements. D. Various activities and the requirements.
16. A. The Director of Studies. B. The Student Advisor.
C. The head of the school. D. The staff in the Main Office.
17. A. They will be placed to different English classes.
B. They will ask some questions about projects.
C. They will be prepared for the English test.
D. They will receive a language ability test.
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence
1. This is the first time that the whole process of a black hole _______ eating a star, from its first to nearly final bites.
A. was seen B. has been seen C. has seen D. had seen
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：这是第一次观测到黑洞吞噬恒星的整个过程，从它的第一口到几乎最后一口。This is the first time that...表示“这是第一次……”，that引导的从句中使用现在完成时，从句主语“process”和动词“see”之间是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态，主语表示单数意义，故选B。
2. The expression _______ her face and _______ her eyes is now _______ words.
A. in, on, under B. in, in, over C. on, from, by D. on, in, beyond
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查介词搭配。句意：她脸上和眼睛里的表情已经无法用言语形容了。第一空表示“在脸上”应用on one’s face；第二空表示“在眼里”短语为in one’s eyes；第三空表示“无法形容”短语为beyond words。故选D。
3. He is the only one of the best students who _______ chosen to take part in the competition so far.
A. is B. are C. have been D. has been
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，他是唯一一个被选中参加比赛的优秀学生。A项是一般现在时，谓语动词单数形式；B项是一般现在时，谓语动词复数形式；C项是现在完成时，谓语动词复数形式；D项是现在完成时，谓语动词单数形式。分析句子可知，空格处为定语从句的谓语部分，先行词one是被the only限定，从句谓语动词应使用单数形式；根据句意，从句应使用现在完成时的被动语态，故选D项。
4. Feeling fearful is healthy ________ it helps you slow down and evaluate risks properly.
A. because B. until C. before D. although
【答案】A
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：感到恐惧是有益于健康的，因为它能帮助你慢下来，正确评估风险。A. because因为；B. until直到；C. before在……之前；D. although虽然。根据语境，主句提到healthy（有益于健康的），连词引导的从句部分则在具体描述为何说是有益于健康的，这是一个原因状语从句，适用because（因为）引导，故选A。
5. John showed me the photo and said, “This is the very gallery _______ we visited last month, not the factory _______ father worked last year.”
A. which; that B. that; that C. that; where D. which; where
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：约翰给我看了照片，说：“这就是我们上个月参观的画廊，不是爸爸去年工作的工厂。”第一空定语从句修饰先行词gallery，在从句作宾语，且由the very修饰只能用that引导；第二空定语从句修饰先行词factory，在从句作地点状语，应用where引导。故选C。
6. Our parents often told us in the past that _______ is believing.
A. to see B. seeing C. see D. to be seen
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动名词。句意：我们的父母过去常告诉我们眼见为实。呼应表语believing，此处应用动名词seeing作主语；seeing is believing“眼见为实”，动名词作主语。故选B项。
7. My best friend is a boy from a(n) _______ mountainous area.
A. distant B. varying C. disgusting D. extinct
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我最好的朋友是一个来自遥远山区的男孩。A. distant遥远的；B. varying不同的；C. disgusting令人反感的；D. extinct灭绝的。根据后文“mountainous area”指来自遥远山区。故选A。
8. In cross-cultural communication, misunderstandings are always caused by each other’s cultural _______.
A. range B. involvement C. unfamiliarity D. respect
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在跨文化交际中，误解往往是由于彼此的文化不熟悉而引起的。A. range范围；B. involvement参与；C. unfamiliarity不熟悉；D. respect尊敬。根据In cross-cultural communication, misunderstandings are always caused及常识可知，误解往往是由于彼此的文化不熟悉而引起的。故选C项。
9. Anyway, don’t give in. I’m sure the temporary _______ should not bother you too long.
A. expectation B. setback C. exchange D. awareness
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论如何，不要屈服。我相信暂时的挫折不会困扰你太久。A. expectation期待；B. setback挫折；C. exchange交换；D. awareness意识。根据don’t give in可知，此处为名词setback“挫折”，满足句意要求。故选B项。
10. The summer solstice marks the longest day in the northern hemisphere (北半球). The _______ used to be an important ancient Chinese festival.
A. tradition B. climate C. location D. occasion
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：夏至标志着北半球白昼最长的一天。这个时候曾经是中国古代一个重要的节日。A. tradition传统；B. climate气候；C. location位置；D. occasion（某事发生的）时刻，时候。根据句意可知，夏至标志着北半球白昼最长的一天。这个时候曾经是中国古代一个重要的节日。故选D项。
11. Animals in zoos must _______ different climates and seasons in relation to where they come from.
A. adjust to B. depend on C. refer to D. take on
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：动物园里的动物必须根据它们来自的地方来适应不同的气候和季节。A. adjust to调整、适应；B. depend on依靠；C. refer to提及；D. take on承担。动物园里的动物来自不同地方，要想生存下去，就要调整状态适应不同的气候和季节。故选A项。
12. His English sounds fairly native, so where did he _______ his English
A. learn about B. hunt for C. pick up D. give away
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他的英语听起来相当地道，他的英语是从哪里学来的？A. learn about了解；B. hunt for寻找；C. pick up习得，学会；D. give away捐赠。根据His English sounds fairly native可知，此处为动词短语pick up“习得”，满足句意要求。故选C项。
Section B
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Venice, one of Europe’s most historical, romantic, and unique cities, is in danger of drowning — not in one of its famed canals but under the weight of people. Since 1980, there have been more tourists than residents in Venice and right at present the number _____13_____ (climb) rapidly. As tourists arrive, so do businesses to support them. Small, local stores are being replaced by souvenir shops and fast-food joints; Lately, accommodations _____14_____ (transform) to Airbnbs, driving the cost of living here forever upwards. As locals leave the city, the vacuum (真空) is filled with yet _____15_____ (much) tourist investment and before you know it, the charm and culture of old Venice that attracted us here in the first place has been transformed and lost. It’s no wonder that _____16_____ World Heritage Committee has made a plan to add “Venice and its Lagoon” to its World Heritage in Danger list.
Venice is not alone. Croatian favourite Dubrovnik, with history and cultural excellence, is suffering the same fate. There were 5,000 residents in 1991, but in 2017 only 1,157 people were living in the Old Town _____17_____ it became overcrowded with tourists and businesses flooding to them. Dubrovnik is a convenient stop for cruise ships moving around the waters of the Adriatic and its popularity has grown further following the success of Game of Thrones, _____18_____ was filmed there.
Many popular locations have started to apply strategies _____19_____ (fight) the rising tide of tourism using a combination of legislation and financial instruments. Barcelona is limiting the number of licenses for tourist accommodation _____20_____ reducing the number of cruise ships allowed to dock (停泊). A smaller number of tourists are allowed to visit the Old Town and _____21_____ will need to pay a city entry fee. The tourist tax is being increased to a price higher than ______22______ (expect). Venice has recently introduced a tourist fee to discourage day-trippers.
【答案】13. is climbing
14. have been transformed
15. more 16. the
17. as##since##because
18. which 19. to fight
20. as well as
21. they 22. expected
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了威尼斯，这个欧洲历史最悠久、最浪漫、最独特的城市之一，正面临着“溺水”的危险——不是被它著名的运河淹没，而是被人的数量淹没。自1980年以来，威尼斯的游客数量就超过了当地居民，目前这一数字还在迅速攀升。
【13题详解】
考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自1980年以来，威尼斯的游客数量就超过了当地居民，目前这一数字还在迅速攀升。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，根据at present可知，此处应为表示正在进行的动作，为现在进行时，主语the number为单数意义，谓语动词用单数。故填is climbing。
【14题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：最近，这里的住宿设施被改造成了Airbnbs，导致这里的生活成本永远在上升。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，根据Lately可知，此处应为现在完成时，主语accommodations和动词transform为被动关系，所以为现在完成时的被动语态。故填have been transformed。
【15题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：随着当地人离开这座城市，更多的旅游投资填补了这个真空，在你意识到之前，最初吸引我们来到这里的老威尼斯的魅力和文化已经改变并消失了。根据句意可知，此处为much的比较级more“更多的”，满足句意要求。故填more。
【16题详解】
考查冠词。句意：难怪世界遗产委员会计划将“威尼斯及其泻湖”列入《世界濒危遗产名录》。此处为表示特指概念，应用定冠词the，the World Heritage Committee“世界遗产委员会”。故填the。
【17题详解】
考查原因状语从句。句意：1991年有5000名居民，但2017年只有1157人住在老城区，因为游客和企业涌入，老城区变得拥挤不堪。分析句子可知，此处为连词as/since/because“因为”引导原因状语从句。故填as/since/because。
【18题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：杜布罗夫尼克是游览亚得里亚海的游轮的方便停靠地，随着《权力的游戏》在这里取景的成功，杜布罗夫尼克的受欢迎程度进一步提高。分析句子可知，此处引导的非限制性定语从句，代替先行词Dubrovnik在从句中作主语成分，应用关系代词which。故填which。
【19题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：许多受欢迎的地方已经开始运用立法和金融手段相结合的策略来对抗日益高涨的旅游业。分析句子可知，此处为动词不定式to do表示“为了……”，作目的状语。 故填to fight。
【20题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：巴塞罗那正在限制旅游住宿许可证的数量，并减少获准停靠的游轮数量。根据句意可知，此处为固定短语as well as表示“同时，也”。故填as well as。
【21题详解】
考查代词。句意：少数游客被允许参观老城区，他们需要支付城市入场费。根据句意可知，此处应用代词they指代上文中提到的复数名词A smaller number of tourists“少数游客”作主语。故填they。
【22题详解】
考查省略用法。句意：旅游税被提高到比预期更高的价格。分析句子可知，此处为than引导的比较状语从句的省略用法，这里的than expected是than it is (was) expected的省略。故填expected。
Section C
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. reminder B. partner C. non-fiction D. setting E. survival F. acknowledges G. tastes H. symbolic I. value J. meaning K. grasps
What makes the perfect winter read
As the weather turns and the sky darkens, autumn and winter can often feel like the perfect time for curling up with a good book.
But I wonder if it’s just me who finds that my reading ____23____ seem to change along with the seasons The books I might choose to read in some sunny garden are very different from the ones I want when the wind is blowing outside and a few precious hours of watery daylight are the best we can hope for.
I always ____24____ writing that evokes (唤起) time and place, and in the midst of the coldest, darkest part of the year, I want more than ever for a book to be “a ball of light” in my hands, as Ezra Pound famously once put it — a(n) ____25____ of life and love.
I also need a certain degree of comfortness in a winter read — something that will keep me warm when the weather won’t! Give me gothic (哥特式的) building in the snow, with heroines whose passions burn brightly. Or let me escape completely, into some fantasy ____26____ — but I’d still like my forests icy and pine smelling. Give me stories of ____27____ and re-birth. Remind me that this time of year has ____28____, too.
Katherine May’s beautiful, poetic deep thought on the season, Wintering, does precisely this. Seemingly, it’s ____29____, combining aspects of her life with more universal thoughts on how we might winter well. But there’s a lyrical (抒情的), ____30____ quality to the writing that confuses plain concepts like “genre”. She ____31____ that in winter we need different tools to get us through the season and it also offers one such tool, since Wintering itself is the perfect guide book and _____32_____ to see you through until spring.
That’s why books that help me see the beauty of the season will always be high on my list of winter reads.
【答案】23. G 24. I
25. A 26. D
27. E 28. J
29. C 30. H
31. F 32. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了什么才是完美的冬季阅读。
【23题详解】
考查名词。句意：但我想知道，是否只有我发现自己的阅读品味似乎随着季节而变化？分析句子可知，空后seem to do为动词短语，此处应为名词作主语成分，tastes为名词，和空前的reading构成名词短语reading tastes“阅读品味”，符合句意。故选G项。
【24题详解】
考查动词。句意：我一直很看重能唤起时间和地点的作品，在一年中最寒冷、最黑暗的时候，我比以往任何时候都更希望一本书能像埃兹拉·庞德(Ezra Pound)那句名言所说的那样，成为我手中的“一团光”，提醒我生活和爱。分析句子可知，此处应为动词作句子的谓语成分，value“重视”为动词，符合句意。故选I项。
【25题详解】
考查名词。句意：我一直很看重能唤起时间和地点的作品，在一年中最寒冷、最黑暗的时候，我比以往任何时候都更希望一本书能像埃兹拉·庞德(Ezra Pound)那句名言所说的那样，成为我手中的“一团光”，提醒我生活和爱。分析句子可知，空前为冠词a(n)，此处应为名词形式，reminder“提醒的事物”为名词，符合句意。故选A项。
【26题详解】
考查名词。句意：或者让我完全逃离，进入一些幻想的环境——但我仍然喜欢我的森林冰冷，散发着松树的气味。分析句子可知，空前为形容词fantasy，此处应为名词形式，setting“环境”为名词，符合句意。故选D项。
【27题详解】
考查名词。句意：给我讲讲生存和重生的故事。分析句子可知，空后and连接的re-birth为名词，此处也应为名词形式，构成并列名词短语作空前介词of的宾语成分，survival“生存”为名词，符合句意。故选E项。
【28题详解】
考查名词。句意：提醒我，每年的这个时候也有意义。分析句子可知，空前为谓语动词has，此处应为名词作宾语成分，meaning“意义”为名词，符合句意。故选J项。
【29题详解】
考查名词。句意：从表面上看，这是一部纪实小说，结合了她生活的方方面面，以及我们如何过冬的更普遍的想法。分析句子可知，空前为系动词is，此处应为名词作句子的表语成分，non-fiction“纪实小说”为名词，符合句意。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查形容词。句意：但这些作品有一种抒情的、象征性的品质，混淆了“体裁”等简单的概念。分析句子可知，空后为名词quality，此处应为形容词形式和空前的形容词lyrical构成并列定语修饰该名词，symbolic“象征性的”为形容词，符合句意。故选H项。
【31题详解】
考查动词。句意：她承认，在冬天，我们需要不同的工具来度过这个季节，而它也提供了这样一种工具，因为《Wintering》本身就是一本完美的指南书，也是陪伴你度过春天的伴侣。分析句子可知，此处为动词作句子的谓语成分，acknowledges“承认”为动词，为一般现在时。符合句意。故选F项。
【32题详解】
考查名词。句意：她承认，在冬天，我们需要不同的工具来度过这个季节，而它也提供了这样一种工具，因为《Wintering》本身就是一本完美的指南书，也是陪伴你度过春天的伴侣。分析句子可知，空前为and连接的guide book为名词短语，此处也应为名词形式，partner“伴侣，搭档”为名词，符合句意。故选B项。
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Robot Pets
In July, Unitree, a Chinese company, launched Go2, its second-generation robotic dog. Priced from $1,270, this robot pet can walk, perform handstands, and take photographs. Equipped with a smart speaker, it responds to voice commands. Go2 joins the market as the latest in a series of attempts by scientists to create machines that can do everything a real animal does — and leave a lot less mess to ____33____ afterwards.
The first robot dog available to buy was Sony’s AIBO. Released in 1999, AIBO was a(n) ____34____ hit — 3000 units sold in just under 20 minutes in Japan. Its name is a ____35____ of “artificial intelligence” and “robot”. AI is a computer programme that can learn from experience and perform tasks that usually require human ____36____. AIBO was discontinued in 2006, but went back on sale in 2017.
With cameras for eyes, AIBO ____37____ obstacles and safely explores its surroundings. Voice-recognition technology enables it to turn its head to face a person when they speak, and even identify different voices. ____38____, the dog has been programmed to respond to physical contact, such as touching its back or patting its head — just the way a real-life puppy would react. AIBO also “____39____” over time, and its behaviour changes as it develops from a playful puppy into an adult.
Electronic pets are ____40____ toys for children, though. They can be valuable companions for older people, too. In 2022, a study by the University of Plymouth found that robot ____41____ could improve the wellbeing of elderly people who live in care homes and also those suffering from a condition that affects the brain. They found that the cute robots can provide all the emotional benefits of a real animal, without any of the work that comes with taking care of one.
As technology develops, robot pets will become _____42_____ advanced. Whether or not they take the place of living, breathing, barking and purring pets in our homes remains to be seen.
33. A. clean up B. get into C. sort out D. centre around
34. A. delayed B. instant C. gradual D. tricky
35. A. renew B. reunion C. combination D. representation
36. A. strength B. intelligence C. responsibility D. appreciation
37. A. detects B. signals C. overcomes D. processes
38. A. For instance B. By contrast C. What’s more D. After all
39. A. varies B. fades C. adjusts D. matures
40. A. more than B. nothing but C. no more than D. less than
41 A. participation B. attempts C. design D. companions
42. A. literally B. increasingly C. ironically D. relevantly
【答案】33. A 34. B 35. C 36. B 37. A 38. C 39. D 40. A 41. D 42. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了今年7月，中国公司Unitree推出了第二代机器狗Go2。这款机器人宠物售价1270美元起，可以走路、倒立和拍照。它配备了一个智能扬声器，可以响应语音命令，以及随着科技的发展，机器人宠物将变得越来越先进。
【33题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：Go2加入了市场，是科学家们一系列尝试的最新成果，他们试图创造出能做所有真实动物会做的事情的机器，而且之后要清理的地方也少得多。A. clean up清理；B. get into进入；C. sort out解决；D. centre around围绕着。根据句意以及该句中的“that can do everything a real animal does”提到能做所有真实动物会做的事情，由此可知，此处应表示他们试图创造出能做所有真实动物会做的事情的机器，而且之后要清理的地方也少得多。故选A项。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：1999年发布的AIBO一炮而红，在日本不到20分钟就卖出了3000台。A. delayed延迟；B. instant立刻的；C. gradual 渐渐的；D. tricky难对付的。根据下文“3000 units sold in just under 20 minutes in Japan”在日本不到20分钟就卖出了3000台，由此可知，此处应表示1999年发布的AIBO一炮而红。故选B项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它的名字是“人工智能”和“机器人”的组合。A. renew更新；B. reunion团聚；C. combination组合；D. representation代表。根据下文““artificial intelligence” and “robot””以及AIBO的字母组合可知，此处应表示它的名字是“人工智能”和“机器人”的组合。故选C项。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：人工智能是一种计算机程序，可以从经验中学习，并执行通常需要人类智能的任务。A. strength力气；B. intelligence智能；C. responsibility责任；D. appreciation感激。根据上文“AI is a computer programme that can learn from experience and perform tasks”提到人工智能是一种计算机程序，由此可知，此处应表示从经验中学习，并执行通常需要人类智能的任务。故选B项。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：AIBO的眼睛有摄像头，可以探测障碍物并安全地探索周围环境。A. detects探测；B. signals发信号；C. overcomes克服；D. processes加工。根据句意以及下文“obstacles and safely explores its surroundings”提到障碍物，可知，此处应表示可以探测障碍物并安全地探索周围环境。故选A项。
【38题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：更重要的是，这只狗已经被编程为对身体接触做出反应，比如触摸它的背部或拍它的头——就像现实生活中的小狗会做出的反应一样。A. For instance例如；B. By contrast相比之下；C. What’s more此外，更重要的是；D. After all毕竟。根据下文“the dog has been programmed to respond to physical contact, such as touching its back or patting its head — just the way a real-life puppy would react.”提到其它的功能可知，此处应表示补充说明的情况。故选C项。
【39题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：AIBO也会随着时间的推移而“成熟”，它的行为会随着它从一只顽皮的小狗成长为一只成年狗而改变。A. varies不同；B. fades消退；C. adjusts调整；D. matures成熟。根据下文“and its behaviour changes as it develops from a playful puppy into an adult.”提到它的行为会随着它从一只顽皮的小狗成长为一只成年狗而改变，由此可知，此处应表示AIBO也会随着时间的推移而“成熟”。故选D项。
【40题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：不过，电子宠物不仅仅是孩子们的玩具。A. more than不仅仅；B. nothing but只有，仅仅是；C. no more than不超过；D. less than少于。根据下文“They can be valuable companions for older people, too.”提到老年人也很喜欢电子宠物，由此可知，此处应表示电子宠物不仅仅是孩子们的玩具。故选A项。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：2022年，普利茅斯大学的一项研究发现，机器人伴侣可以改善住在养老院的老年人的健康状况，也可以改善那些患有影响大脑疾病的人的健康状况。A. participation参加；B. attempts尝试；C. design设计；D. companions伴侣，陪伴。根据下文“could improve the wellbeing of elderly people who live in care homes and also those suffering from a condition that affects the brain.”提到它的一些功能和作用，由此可知，此处应表示机器人伴侣可以改善住在养老院的老年人的健康状况，也可以改善那些患有影响大脑疾病的人的健康状况。故选D项。
【42题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：随着科技的发展，机器人宠物将变得越来越先进。A. literally真正地；B. increasingly越来越多地；C. ironically讽刺地；D. relevantly贴切地。根据上文“As technology develops”提到随着科技的发展，由此可知，此处应表示机器人宠物将变得越来越先进。故选B项。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
A short period of sleep taken during the day is known as a nap. Naps don’t just have benefits for adults at work, though. They could also help pupils to make the most of their school day. Studies have shown that a 20 to 30-minute “beauty sleep” makes people more alert and focused. This improves people’s ability to remember new information, which would help school children concentrate during lessons. Experts say that napping also improves brain functions, such as memory and the ability to complete difficult tasks.
The school day starts early, which means that pupils don’t always get enough sleep because there’s no chance to have a lie-in. Adding naptime during the school day would help exhausted pupils to make up for any sleep they’ve lost from getting up so early.
There are long-term benefits to taking a short nap, too. According to a recent study from University College London, the brains of people who have regular naps are bigger than those who don’t. People’s brains naturally shrink when they grow old, and the results showed that little sleeps can help people’s brains to age more slowly.
Although a nap can seem like a good idea, going to sleep for too long can actually make you feel worse. It’s not very pleasant to wake up from a daytime nap feeling confused and sleepy. Napping during the day can also have a negative impact on how well you sleep at night. This can create a cycle of not being able to sleep as well at night, leaving you feeling even more tired in the daytime. Sleep expert Dr Clete Kushida said, “It’s generally recommended to maximize sleep at night.”
Another consideration is that there really isn’t time in the school day for pupils to go to sleep Some parents and teachers are concerned that it would cause children to miss too much lesson time. Pupils might take advantage of the system and use their need for a nap as an excuse to get out of lessons.
So, what do you think Should school allow kids to have naps, or should you wait until the evening to catch up on your sleep
43. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A. children need more naps than adults do
B. naps improve memory efficiency and beauty
C. both children and adults are equally in need of naps
D. naps can bring more benefits to children than to adults
44. According to the passage, napping for too long is not advisable because ________.
A. it may affect a healthier cycle of sleep
B. school kids will feel too sleepy to wake up
C. it can’t make up for the sleep lost from waking up early
D. it extends the school day for kids to have enough lessons
45. Which of the following statements can be learned about taking naps according to the passage
A. It’s better for babies to have as many daytime naps as possible.
B. Regular naps can slow the rate at which brains shrink with age.
C. There’s no need to guarantee night sleep if one has regular naps.
D. Different from teachers, parents want their kids to have naptimes.
46. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage
A. Should Schools Have Naptimes B. How Could Naptimes Benefit Kids
C. Are Kids Losing Too Much Sleep D. Do You Get Enough Daytime Sleep
【答案】43. C 44. A 45. B 46. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究表明，午睡可以提高人们记忆新信息的能力，这将有助于学生在课堂上集中注意力，且有长期的好处，但不建议午睡太久，因为会影响更健康的睡眠周期。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Naps don’t just have benefits for adults at work, though. They could also help pupils to make the most of their school day.(不过，午睡不仅仅对工作中的成年人有好处。它们还可以帮助学生充分利用他们的上学时间)”可推知，儿童和成人都同样需要午睡。故选C。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Although a nap can seem like a good idea, going to sleep for too long can actually make you feel worse. It’s not very pleasant to wake up from a daytime nap feeling confused and sleepy. Napping during the day can also have a negative impact on how well you sleep at night. This can create a cycle of not being able to sleep as well at night, leaving you feeling even more tired in the daytime.(虽然打个盹似乎是个好主意，但睡太久实际上会让你感觉更糟。从白天的小睡中醒来感到困惑和困倦并不是很愉快。白天打盹也会对你晚上的睡眠质量产生负面影响。这会造成一个晚上睡不着的循环，让你在白天感觉更累)”可知，午睡太久是不可取的，因为可能会影响更健康的睡眠周期。故选A。
【45题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“People’s brains naturally shrink when they grow old, and the results showed that little sleeps can help people’s brains to age more slowly.(随着年龄的增长，人的大脑会自然萎缩，研究结果表明，午睡可以帮助人们的大脑更慢地衰老)”可知，规律的午睡可以减缓大脑随着年龄增长而萎缩的速度。故选B。
【46题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“So, what do you think Should school allow kids to have naps, or should you wait until the evening to catch up on your sleep (那么，你觉得呢？学校应该允许孩子们午睡，还是应该等到晚上再补觉？)”结合文章主要说明了研究表明，午睡可以提高人们记忆新信息的能力，这将有助于学生在课堂上集中注意力，且有长期的好处，但不建议午睡太久，因为会影响更健康的睡眠周期。可知，A选项“学校应该有午睡时间吗？”最符合文章标题。故选A。
(B)
If you’ve ever seen a river rushing down a mountain or played in breaking waves at the beach, you’ll know that moving water contains a lot of energy. A river can push you and your boat downstream, sometimes quickly, and waves crashing into you at the beach can knock you back, or even knock you over.
This energy of moving water originates from the water cycle, where water evaporates or is released from plants, rises to higher sea level, cools, and changes into liquid, forming clouds. Rain or snow that falls from these clouds flows downhill due to gravity, forming rivers or melting into existing water paths.
Hydropower (水电) uses this energy from flowing water. It uses turbines, which are turned by moving water. These turbines turn around a rotor inside a device called generator, turning the motion into electricity with the help of magnets.
There are two primary types of hydropower facilities (设施). The first is called the run-of-the-river facilities, which channel river water through turbines. The electricity production follows the timing of the river flow. When a river is running full with lots of spring rain or meltwater, the turbine can produce more electricity. Later in the summer, when the river flow decreases, so does the turbine’s output. These types of power stations are typically small and easy to build, but there is limited ability to control the amount of electricity they produce.
The second type is the dam (大坝)-based facilities. These use a solid dam to hold back the flow of a river and create an artificial lake behind it. The dam operator releases water from his lake, which flows through pipes inside the dam. Turbines within the dam generate electricity as the water passes through them, and then the water flows out the other side. These facilities are usually large and can affect river habitats, but they can also produce a lot of electricity in a controllable manner.
Hydropower depends on the availability of water in flowing rivers. As climate change affects the water cycle, some regions may have less rainfall and therefore less hydropower generation. Since hydropower is a form of renewable electricity, it can play a role in limiting climate change. Hydropower facilities can also help avoid any imbalance in electricity production from wind farms and solar power plants.
47. The underlined word “evaporate” in paragraph 2 can be replaced by “________”
A. form a circle B. turn into a gas
C. fall to the ground D. change into liquid
48. According to paragraph 3, which of the following words best fits the box with “ ” in the picture of a hydropower setup
A. turbine B. magnet C. pipe D. rotor
49. What can we learn about the two basic types of hydropower facilities mentioned in the passage
A. Only dam-based facilities use water to generate electricity and they are easy to construct.
B. Electricity production by the run-of-the-river facilities doesn’t vary with river flow.
C. Dam-based facilities provide a more considerable and adjustable electricity supply.
D. Run-of-the-river facilities have a larger impact on river habitats than dam-based facilities.
50. What is the author’s attitude towards hydropower
A. Optimistic B. Critical C. Doubtful D. Indifferent
【答案】47. B 48. D 49. C 50. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了水力发电设施的主要两种类型。
【47题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第划线单词句中“This energy of moving water originates from the water cycle”（这种移动水的能量来源于水循环）以及“rises to higher sea level, cools, and changes into liquid, forming clouds.”（上升到更高的海平面，冷却，变成液体，形成云。）结合常识可知，此处为在水循环中，水蒸发或从植物中释放出来。故可猜测划线单词evaporate为“蒸发”的意思，结合选项B项turn into a gas“变成气体”，意思一致。故选B项。
【48题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Hydropower (水电) uses this energy from flowing water. It uses turbines, which are turned by moving water. These turbines turn around a rotor inside a device called generator, turning the motion into electricity with the help of magnets.”（水力发电利用流动的水的能量。它使用由流动的水驱动的涡轮机。这些涡轮机围绕一个叫做发电机的装置中的转子转动，在磁铁的帮助下将运动转化为电力。）可知，根据第3段内容，结合在水电装置的图片中，“转子”一词最适合在问号处。故选D项。
【49题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“The second type is the dam (大坝)-based facilities. These use a solid dam to hold back the flow of a river and create an artificial lake behind it. The dam operator releases water from his lake, which flows through pipes inside the dam. Turbines within the dam generate electricity as the water passes through them, and then the water flows out the other side. These facilities are usually large and can affect river habitats, but they can also produce a lot of electricity in a controllable manner.”（第二种类型是大坝型设施。它们使用坚固的水坝来阻挡河流的流动，并在其后面创造一个人工湖。水坝操作员从他的湖中放水，水流经水坝内的管道。大坝内的涡轮机在水流经它们时发电，然后水从另一侧流出。这些设施通常很大，可能会影响河流的栖息地，但它们也可以以可控的方式产生大量的电力。）可知，关于文中提到的两种基本类型的水电设施，我们能了解到以水坝为基础的设施提供了更可观和可调节的电力供应。故选C项。
【50题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Hydropower depends on the availability of water in flowing rivers. As climate change affects the water cycle, some regions may have less rainfall and therefore less hydropower generation. Since hydropower is a form of renewable electricity, it can play a role in limiting climate change. Hydropower facilities can also help avoid any imbalance in electricity production from wind farms and solar power plants.”（水力发电依赖于河流中水流的可用性。由于气候变化影响水循环，一些地区可能降雨量减少，从而减少水力发电。由于水力发电是一种可再生电力，它可以在限制气候变化方面发挥作用。水电设施还可以帮助避免风力发电场和太阳能发电厂的电力生产不平衡。）可推知，作者对水力发电的态度是乐观和积极的。故选A项。
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Keeping a bit of the outdoors inside is nothing new, but houseplant collections have become a popular social media trend — which means that more people than ever are discovering the comfort and beauty that caring for plants brings.
____51____ Exposure to greenery, whether you have indoor plants, take walks outside or tend to a garden, has been found to have multiple mental-health benefits, such as lowering stress, decreasing feelings of depression, increasing sociability, restoring focus, improving cognitive performance, improving mood and increasing self-esteem.
“One study showed that patients at a hospital who had plants in their room reported less pain, lower blood pressure, less fatigue and less anxiety than patients without plants in their rooms,” says Jenny Seham, a New York-based psychologist. She explains: “Cortisol, the stress hormone, has been shown to lower with plant interaction, reducing fatigue, irritability (易怒) and blood pressure.”
Research has also shown that having plants and gardening increase productivity and levels of serotonin the neurotransmitter responsible for lifting our mood. ____52____ And it is also opposed to dwelling on the past or worrying about the future.
Before you fill your space with greenery, consider how you’ll interact with your plants. ____53____ Can you care for them daily
If you have a small space or aren’t sure how much time you’re willing to invest in “plant parenting.” Start slow. “____54____ It can engage you by its smell or colour, creating a positive mood response with every interaction,” says Seham.
A. For instance, is there enough space for plants in areas where you spend a lot of time
B. Half the fun of gardening is that you never know exactly what’s going to come up.
C. It’s a feel-good hobby that’s supported by science.
D. While indoor gardening can boost your feelings of wellbeing, help reduce stress and promote relaxation, it’s not, of course, a substitute for a trained mental health professional.
E. The theory is that plant care helps us focus on the present moment and provides a feeling of accomplishment.
F. Just one plant can make a difference.
【答案】51. C 52. E 53. A 54. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了室内植物对人们心理健康的益处。
【51题详解】
由上文第一段“Keeping a bit of the outdoors inside is nothing new, but houseplant collections have become a popular social media trend — which means that more people than ever are discovering the comfort and beauty that caring for plants brings (在户外活动并不是什么新鲜事，但室内植物收藏已经成为一种流行的社交媒体趋势——这意味着比以往任何时候都更多的人发现了照顾植物带来的舒适和美丽)”和下文“Exposure to greenery, whether you have indoor plants, take walks outside or tend to a garden, has been found to have multiple mental-health benefits, such as lowering stress, decreasing feelings of depression, increasing sociability, restoring focus, improving cognitive performance, improving mood and increasing self-esteem. (人们发现，无论你是在室内种植植物、外出散步还是打理花园，接触绿色植物都有多种心理健康益处，如降低压力、减少抑郁感、增加社交能力、恢复注意力、改善认知表现、改善情绪和增强自尊)”可知，上文讲照顾植物可以使人们体验到更大的舒适和美，下文讲室内植物对人们的心理健康有多种好处，据常识，这些心理健康好处不是凭空得出的，依旧好处的性质来看，它们应该是经过科学研究得出的结果，C选项“这是一种有科学依据的、让人感觉良好的爱好。”中的“a feel-good hobby”呼应上文“houseplant collections have become a popular social media trend”“discovering the comfort and beauty that caring for plants brings”，选项中“is supported by science”引出下文讲科学认证室内植物带来的各种心理健康好处。故选C项。
【52题详解】
由上文“Research has also shown that having plants and gardening increase productivity and levels of serotonin, the neurotransmitter responsible for lifting our mood. (研究还表明，种植植物和园艺可以提高生产力和血清素水平，血清素是一种负责提升我们情绪的神经递质)”和下文“And it is also opposed to dwelling on the past or worrying about the future. (它也反对沉浮于过去或担忧未来)”可知，上文讲研究结果表明种植植物和园艺的好处（可以提高生产力和血清素水平），下文讲照顾植物的另一个好处（反对沉浮于过去或担忧未来），E选项“理论上，照顾植物有助于我们专注于当下，并提供一种成就感。”承接上文进一步讲研究表明照顾植物的另外的好处，选项中“plant care helps us focus on the present moment”也引出下文讲“照顾植物帮助人反对沉浮于过去或担忧未来”。故选E项。
【53题详解】
由上文“Before you fill your space with greenery, consider how you’ll interact with your plants. (在你的空间充满绿色植物之前，考虑一下你将如何与植物互动)”可知，作者建议种植室内植物时需要考虑的几个问题，其后应该举实例说明有哪些问题，A选项“例如，在你花很多时间的地方是否有足够的空间种植植物？”和下文“Can you care for them daily (你能每天照顾它们吗？)”都是关于养室内植物前需要考虑的一些具体问题。故选A项。
【54题详解】
结合上文讲“室内植物带来的各种心理健康好处”，下文Seham的话“It can engage you by its smell or colour, creating a positive mood response with every interaction (它可以通过气味或颜色吸引你，在每次互动中都会产生积极的情绪反应)”可知，该空应起总结性作用，再次肯定室内植物的作用，F选项“只要一株植物就能起作用。”切合语境，引出下文用Seham的话佐证其好处。故选F项。
Ⅳ. Translation(请将以下所有答案均写在答题纸上)
Section A
Directions: Complete the following sentences in English according to the sentences given in Chinese.
55. 这位著名艺术家的画作是他内心最深处的思想和情感的一种创造性表达。
This famous artist’s paintings were __________ of his deepest __________.
【答案】 ①. a creative expression ②. thoughts and feelings
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词和名词。缺失汉语为“一种创造性表达”和“思想和情感”，①②一起构成名词所有格结构，以辅音音素开头的形容词creative (创造性的)作定语，修饰名词expression (表达)，泛指“一种创造性表达”用不定冠词a，名词短语thoughts and feelings (思想和情感)。故填①a creative expression ②thoughts and feelings。
56. 这本书反映了作者的智慧和经验，因此受到了读者的青睐。
The book reflected __________, and therefore it received __________.
【答案】 ①. the author’s wisdom and experience ②. readers’ favour
【解析】
【详解】考查名词所有格和名词。根据汉语翻译可知，第一空需填“作者的智慧和经验”，第二空需填“读者的青睐”的英语表达，“作者的”用名词所有格表示为the author’s，“智慧和经验”用名词wisdom and experience表示，表示抽象含义，是不可数名词。“读者的”用名词所有格表示为readers’，因为读者不止一个，故用名词复数，“青睐”用名词favour表示，表示抽象含义是不可数名词。故填①the author’s wisdom and experience②readers’ favour。
57. 家长们期望孩子可以通过积极参加这个活动，对成年人的责任有更深的理解。
Parents expect their children to have __________ by actively __________.
【答案】 ①. a deeper understanding of adulthood / adults’ responsibilities ②. participating in / taking part in this event
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和非谓语。根据汉语提示可知，对......有更深的理解为短语 have a deeper understanding of ，后接adulthood / adults’ responsibilities作宾语。by后接动名词作宾语，参加为participate in / take part in 。活动为event。故填a deeper understanding of adulthood / adults’ responsibilities；participating in / taking part in this event。
58. 解决这个烦人问题的方法是好好平衡工作和休息。
__________ working out this annoying problem is to __________ well.
【答案】 ①. The solution to / The approach to / The way of / The method of ②. balance (between) work and rest
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和动词短语。根据句意以及句子结构可知，该句第一处为固定短语The solution to / The approach to / The way of / The method of，表示“……的方法”，后接动名词形式；该句第二处应为动词短语balance (between) work and rest“平衡工作和休息”；结合空前to不定式可知，应为动词原形。故分别填The solution to / The approach to / The way of / The method of；balance (between) work and rest。
59. 他生气地盯着她看，问道：“你意识到危险了吗？”
He __________ and asked, “Are you __________ ”
【答案】 ①. stared at her angrily ②. aware of (the) danger
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语、副词、名词和时态。根据句意以及句子结构可知，该句第一处为表示“盯着某人”为动词短语stare at；表示“生气地”为副词angrily；结合and连接的asked可知，此处应为一般过去时；该句第二处表示“意识到”应为动词短语be aware of；表示“危险”为名词(the) danger；结合该句为一般疑问句，所以此处为aware of (the) danger的填入。故分别填stared at her angrily；aware of (the) danger。
Section B
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
60. 应该采取积极措施来防止疾病蔓延。(prevent)(汉译英)
【答案】Positive measures should be taken to prevent the spread of the disease / the disease (from) spreading.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。“采取措施做某事”为动词短语take measures to do sth.，“积极的”为形容词positive作定语，修饰名词measures，“应该”为情态动词should，positive measures作主语时，应用被动语态，即Positive measures should be taken to，“防止”为动词prevent，“疾病蔓延”为the spread of the disease，“防止疾病蔓延”也可以用固定搭配prevent...(from) doing sth.，翻译为prevent the disease from spreading，故整句翻译为Positive measures should be taken to prevent the spread of the disease / the disease (from) spreading.
61. 他决定无视网上那些不相干的评论，只专注于手头上的任务。(ignore) (汉译英)
【答案】He decided to ignore the irrelevant comments on the Internet and to focus / focused on the task at hand only.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词、名词和介词短语。根据汉语提示可知，本句为一般过去时，决定做某事为decide to do sth，无视为ignore，后接the irrelevant comments作宾语，在网上为介词短语on the Internet。专注于为focus on ,后接the task作宾语 ，介词短语at hand作状语。故翻译为：He decided to ignore the irrelevant comments on the Internet and to focus / focused on the task at hand only.
62. 就个人来说，我宁愿不看人人向往的日出，也不愿不顾安全，半夜三更去徒步登山。(prefer) (汉译英)
【答案】Personally, I prefer not to see the sunrise that people look forward to rather than go hiking in the middle of the night, regardless of safety.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词，名词和短语。“就个人来说”用副词Personally表示，“我”用人称代词I作主语，“宁愿不……也不愿”用短语prefer not to do sth rather than do sth表示，描述客观情况用一般现在时，“看日出”表示为see the sunrise，“人人向往的”用定语从句表示为that people look forward to，关系代词在从句中作宾语，先行词是the sunrise，“徒步登山”表示为go hiking，“半夜三更”用介词短语in the middle of the night作时间状语，“不顾安全”用短语regardless of safety作状语。故译为Personally, I prefer not to see the sunrise that people look forward to rather than go hiking in the middle of the night, regardless of safety。
听力答案：1-10：CBACD BDCDA 11-13: BDC 14-17: ACBD虹口区2023学年度第一学期期终学生学习能力诊断测试
高一英语试卷
2024.1
考生注意：
1. 考试时间90分钟，试卷满分100分。
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。
Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you bear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1 A. He will be punished. B. He lent his book to his classmate.
C. He isn’t prepared for the test. D. He hasn’t returned his book.
2. A. Excited. B. Tired. C. Worried. D. Frightened.
3. A. He didn’t pass the last exam B. He did better in the last exam
C. He is worried about the coming exam. D. He will pass the coming exam.
4. A. For fashion purposes. B. For cooler appearance.
C For eye protection. D. For indoor activities.
5. A. At 4:00. B. At 4:40. C. At 4:50. D. At 4:30.
6. A. To try his luck at another restaurant. B. To book a table for Tuesday.
C. To book a smaller table. D. To cancel his dinner plans.
7. A. He doesn’t behave himself at school. B. He won’t graduate this summer.
C. He is too young to run a company. D. He puts his knowledge into use
8. A. The ticket price is much too high.
B. Jack missed the show because it’s not popular
C. It’s surprising that Jack missed the popular show.
D. Jack is crazy about musicals.
9. A. She will go to the countryside with the man.
B. She will stay at home for about two weeks
C. She will write for a science newspaper.
D. She will work on her science project.
10. A. He would like to make decisions himself.
B. He is already good at playing the piano.
C. He is too old to take the piano course.
D. He hates going to the piano course
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear one short passage and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on the passage and the conversation. The passage and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Fewer than five minutes. B. Five to ten minutes.
C. As long as possible. D. More than ten minutes.
12. A. Fire your imagination.
B. Get more economic profits.
C. Show respect to the oldest family members.
D. Recognize more family members.
13. A. What a family reunion means.
B. A good beginning of a family reunion.
C. How to make a family reunion special.
D. The most important activity of a family reunion.
Questions 14 through 17 are based on the following conversation
14. A. In the Main Hall B. In Classroom 5.
C. In Director’s Office. D. In the Main Office.
15. A. A welcoming speech and activities. B. The courses and various services.
C. The courses and their requirements. D. Various activities and the requirements.
16. A. The Director of Studies. B. The Student Advisor.
C. The head of the school. D. The staff in the Main Office.
17. A. They will be placed to different English classes.
B. They will ask some questions about projects.
C. They will be prepared for the English test.
D. They will receive a language ability test.
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence
1. This is the first time that the whole process of a black hole _______ eating a star, from its first to nearly final bites.
A was seen B. has been seen C. has seen D. had seen
2. The expression _______ her face and _______ her eyes is now _______ words.
A. in, on, under B. in, in, over C. on, from, by D. on, in, beyond
3. He is the only one of the best students who _______ chosen to take part in the competition so far.
A. is B. are C. have been D. has been
4. Feeling fearful is healthy ________ it helps you slow down and evaluate risks properly.
A. because B. until C. before D. although
5. John showed me the photo and said, “This is the very gallery _______ we visited last month, not the factory _______ father worked last year.”
A. which; that B. that; that C. that; where D. which; where
6. Our parents often told us in the past that _______ is believing.
A. to see B. seeing C. see D. to be seen
7. My best friend is a boy from a(n) _______ mountainous area.
A. distant B. varying C. disgusting D. extinct
8. In cross-cultural communication, misunderstandings are always caused by each other’s cultural _______.
A. range B. involvement C. unfamiliarity D. respect
9. Anyway, don’t give in. I’m sure the temporary _______ should not bother you too long.
A. expectation B. setback C. exchange D. awareness
10. The summer solstice marks the longest day in the northern hemisphere (北半球). The _______ used to be an important ancient Chinese festival.
A. tradition B. climate C. location D. occasion
11. Animals in zoos must _______ different climates and seasons in relation to where they come from.
A. adjust to B. depend on C. refer to D. take on
12. His English sounds fairly native, so where did he _______ his English
A. learn about B. hunt for C. pick up D. give away
Section B
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Venice, one of Europe’s most historical, romantic, and unique cities, is in danger of drowning — not in one of its famed canals but under the weight of people. Since 1980, there have been more tourists than residents in Venice and right at present the number _____13_____ (climb) rapidly. As tourists arrive, so do businesses to support them. Small, local stores are being replaced by souvenir shops and fast-food joints; Lately, accommodations _____14_____ (transform) to Airbnbs, driving the cost of living here forever upwards. As locals leave the city, the vacuum (真空) is filled with yet _____15_____ (much) tourist investment and before you know it, the charm and culture of old Venice that attracted us here in the first place has been transformed and lost. It’s no wonder that _____16_____ World Heritage Committee has made a plan to add “Venice and its Lagoon” to its World Heritage in Danger list.
Venice is not alone. Croatian favourite Dubrovnik, with history and cultural excellence, is suffering the same fate. There were 5,000 residents in 1991, but in 2017 only 1,157 people were living in the Old Town _____17_____ it became overcrowded with tourists and businesses flooding to them. Dubrovnik is a convenient stop for cruise ships moving around the waters of the Adriatic and its popularity has grown further following the success of Game of Thrones, _____18_____ was filmed there.
Many popular locations have started to apply strategies _____19_____ (fight) the rising tide of tourism using a combination of legislation and financial instruments. Barcelona is limiting the number of licenses for tourist accommodation _____20_____ reducing the number of cruise ships allowed to dock (停泊). A smaller number of tourists are allowed to visit the Old Town and _____21_____ will need to pay a city entry fee. The tourist tax is being increased to a price higher than ______22______ (expect). Venice has recently introduced a tourist fee to discourage day-trippers.
Section C
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. reminder B. partner C. non-fiction D. setting E. survival F. acknowledges G. tastes H. symbolic I. value J. meaning K. grasps
What makes the perfect winter read
As the weather turns and the sky darkens, autumn and winter can often feel like the perfect time for curling up with a good book.
But I wonder if it’s just me who finds that my reading ____23____ seem to change along with the seasons The books I might choose to read in some sunny garden are very different from the ones I want when the wind is blowing outside and a few precious hours of watery daylight are the best we can hope for.
I always ____24____ writing that evokes (唤起) time and place, and in the midst of the coldest, darkest part of the year, I want more than ever for a book to be “a ball of light” in my hands, as Ezra Pound famously once put it — a(n) ____25____ of life and love.
I also need a certain degree of comfortness in a winter read — something that will keep me warm when the weather won’t! Give me gothic (哥特式的) building in the snow, with heroines whose passions burn brightly. Or let me escape completely, into some fantasy ____26____ — but I’d still like my forests icy and pine smelling. Give me stories of ____27____ and re-birth. Remind me that this time of year has ____28____, too.
Katherine May’s beautiful, poetic deep thought on the season, Wintering, does precisely this. Seemingly, it’s ____29____, combining aspects of her life with more universal thoughts on how we might winter well. But there’s a lyrical (抒情的), ____30____ quality to the writing that confuses plain concepts like “genre”. She ____31____ that in winter we need different tools to get us through the season and it also offers one such tool, since Wintering itself is the perfect guide book and _____32_____ to see you through until spring.
That’s why books that help me see the beauty of the season will always be high on my list of winter reads.
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Robot Pets
In July, Unitree, a Chinese company, launched Go2, its second-generation robotic dog. Priced from $1,270, this robot pet can walk, perform handstands, and take photographs. Equipped with a smart speaker, it responds to voice commands. Go2 joins the market as the latest in a series of attempts by scientists to create machines that can do everything a real animal does — and leave a lot less mess to ____33____ afterwards.
The first robot dog available to buy was Sony’s AIBO. Released in 1999, AIBO was a(n) ____34____ hit — 3000 units sold in just under 20 minutes in Japan. Its name is a ____35____ of “artificial intelligence” and “robot”. AI is a computer programme that can learn from experience and perform tasks that usually require human ____36____. AIBO was discontinued in 2006, but went back on sale in 2017.
With cameras for eyes, AIBO ____37____ obstacles and safely explores its surroundings. Voice-recognition technology enables it to turn its head to face a person when they speak, and even identify different voices. ____38____, the dog has been programmed to respond to physical contact, such as touching its back or patting its head — just the way a real-life puppy would react. AIBO also “____39____” over time, and its behaviour changes as it develops from a playful puppy into an adult.
Electronic pets are ____40____ toys for children, though. They can be valuable companions for older people, too. In 2022, a study by the University of Plymouth found that robot ____41____ could improve the wellbeing of elderly people who live in care homes and also those suffering from a condition that affects the brain. They found that the cute robots can provide all the emotional benefits of a real animal, without any of the work that comes with taking care of one.
As technology develops, robot pets will become _____42_____ advanced. Whether or not they take the place of living, breathing, barking and purring pets in our homes remains to be seen.
33. A. clean up B. get into C. sort out D. centre around
34. A. delayed B. instant C. gradual D. tricky
35. A. renew B. reunion C. combination D. representation
36. A. strength B. intelligence C. responsibility D. appreciation
37. A. detects B. signals C. overcomes D. processes
38. A. For instance B. By contrast C. What’s more D. After all
39. A. varies B. fades C. adjusts D. matures
40. A. more than B. nothing but C. no more than D. less than
41. A. participation B. attempts C. design D. companions
42. A. literally B. increasingly C. ironically D. relevantly
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
A short period of sleep taken during the day is known as a nap. Naps don’t just have benefits for adults at work, though. They could also help pupils to make the most of their school day. Studies have shown that a 20 to 30-minute “beauty sleep” makes people more alert and focused. This improves people’s ability to remember new information, which would help school children concentrate during lessons. Experts say that napping also improves brain functions, such as memory and the ability to complete difficult tasks.
The school day starts early, which means that pupils don’t always get enough sleep because there’s no chance to have a lie-in. Adding naptime during the school day would help exhausted pupils to make up for any sleep they’ve lost from getting up so early.
There are long-term benefits to taking a short nap, too. According to a recent study from University College London, the brains of people who have regular naps are bigger than those who don’t. People’s brains naturally shrink when they grow old, and the results showed that little sleeps can help people’s brains to age more slowly.
Although a nap can seem like a good idea, going to sleep for too long can actually make you feel worse. It’s not very pleasant to wake up from a daytime nap feeling confused and sleepy. Napping during the day can also have a negative impact on how well you sleep at night. This can create a cycle of not being able to sleep as well at night, leaving you feeling even more tired in the daytime. Sleep expert Dr Clete Kushida said, “It’s generally recommended to maximize sleep at night.”
Another consideration is that there really isn’t time in the school day for pupils to go to sleep. Some parents and teachers are concerned that it would cause children to miss too much lesson time. Pupils might take advantage of the system and use their need for a nap as an excuse to get out of lessons.
So, what do you think Should school allow kids to have naps, or should you wait until the evening to catch up on your sleep
43. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A children need more naps than adults do
B. naps improve memory, efficiency and beauty
C. both children and adults are equally in need of naps
D. naps can bring more benefits to children than to adults
44. According to the passage, napping for too long is not advisable because ________.
A. it may affect a healthier cycle of sleep
B. school kids will feel too sleepy to wake up
C. it can’t make up for the sleep lost from waking up early
D. it extends the school day for kids to have enough lessons
45. Which of the following statements can be learned about taking naps according to the passage
A. It’s better for babies to have as many daytime naps as possible.
B. Regular naps can slow the rate at which brains shrink with age.
C. There’s no need to guarantee night sleep if one has regular naps.
D. Different from teachers, parents want their kids to have naptimes.
46. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage
A. Should Schools Have Naptimes B. How Could Naptimes Benefit Kids
C. Are Kids Losing Too Much Sleep D. Do You Get Enough Daytime Sleep
(B)
If you’ve ever seen a river rushing down a mountain or played in breaking waves at the beach, you’ll know that moving water contains a lot of energy. A river can push you and your boat downstream, sometimes quickly, and waves crashing into you at the beach can knock you back, or even knock you over.
This energy of moving water originates from the water cycle, where water evaporates or is released from plants, rises to higher sea level, cools, and changes into liquid, forming clouds. Rain or snow that falls from these clouds flows downhill due to gravity, forming rivers or melting into existing water paths.
Hydropower (水电) uses this energy from flowing water. It uses turbines, which are turned by moving water. These turbines turn around a rotor inside a device called generator, turning the motion into electricity with the help of magnets.
There are two primary types of hydropower facilities (设施). The first is called the run-of-the-river facilities, which channel river water through turbines. The electricity production follows the timing of the river flow. When a river is running full with lots of spring rain or meltwater, the turbine can produce more electricity. Later in the summer, when the river flow decreases, so does the turbine’s output. These types of power stations are typically small and easy to build, but there is limited ability to control the amount of electricity they produce.
The second type is the dam (大坝)-based facilities. These use a solid dam to hold back the flow of a river and create an artificial lake behind it. The dam operator releases water from his lake, which flows through pipes inside the dam. Turbines within the dam generate electricity as the water passes through them, and then the water flows out the other side. These facilities are usually large and can affect river habitats, but they can also produce a lot of electricity in a controllable manner.
Hydropower depends on the availability of water in flowing rivers. As climate change affects the water cycle, some regions may have less rainfall and therefore less hydropower generation. Since hydropower is a form of renewable electricity, it can play a role in limiting climate change. Hydropower facilities can also help avoid any imbalance in electricity production from wind farms and solar power plants.
47. The underlined word “evaporate” in paragraph 2 can be replaced by “________”
A. form a circle B. turn into a gas
C. fall to the ground D. change into liquid
48. According to paragraph 3, which of the following words best fits the box with “ ” in the picture of a hydropower setup
A. turbine B. magnet C. pipe D. rotor
49. What can we learn about the two basic types of hydropower facilities mentioned in the passage
A. Only dam-based facilities use water to generate electricity and they are easy to construct.
B. Electricity production by the run-of-the-river facilities doesn’t vary with river flow.
C. Dam-based facilities provide a more considerable and adjustable electricity supply.
D. Run-of-the-river facilities have a larger impact on river habitats than dam-based facilities.
50. What is the author’s attitude towards hydropower
A. Optimistic B. Critical C. Doubtful D. Indifferent
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Keeping a bit of the outdoors inside is nothing new, but houseplant collections have become a popular social media trend — which means that more people than ever are discovering the comfort and beauty that caring for plants brings.
____51____ Exposure to greenery, whether you have indoor plants, take walks outside or tend to a garden, has been found to have multiple mental-health benefits, such as lowering stress, decreasing feelings of depression, increasing sociability, restoring focus, improving cognitive performance, improving mood and increasing self-esteem.
“One study showed that patients at a hospital who had plants in their room reported less pain, lower blood pressure, less fatigue and less anxiety than patients without plants in their rooms,” says Jenny Seham, a New York-based psychologist. She explains: “Cortisol, the stress hormone, has been shown to lower with plant interaction, reducing fatigue, irritability (易怒) and blood pressure.”
Research has also shown that having plants and gardening increase productivity and levels of serotonin, the neurotransmitter responsible for lifting our mood. ____52____ And it is also opposed to dwelling on the past or worrying about the future.
Before you fill your space with greenery, consider how you’ll interact with your plants. ____53____ Can you care for them daily
If you have a small space or aren’t sure how much time you’re willing to invest in “plant parenting.” Start slow. “____54____ It can engage you by its smell or colour, creating a positive mood response with every interaction,” says Seham.
A. For instance, is there enough space for plants in areas where you spend a lot of time
B. Half the fun of gardening is that you never know exactly what’s going to come up.
C. It’s a feel-good hobby that’s supported by science.
D. While indoor gardening can boost your feelings of wellbeing, help reduce stress and promote relaxation, it’s not, of course, a substitute for a trained mental health professional.
E. The theory is that plant care helps us focus on the present moment and provides a feeling of accomplishment.
F. Just one plant can make a difference.
Ⅳ. Translation(请将以下所有答案均写在答题纸上)
Section A
Directions: Complete the following sentences in English according to the sentences given in Chinese.
55. 这位著名艺术家的画作是他内心最深处的思想和情感的一种创造性表达。
This famous artist’s paintings were __________ of his deepest __________.
56. 这本书反映了作者的智慧和经验，因此受到了读者的青睐。
The book reflected __________, and therefore it received __________.
57. 家长们期望孩子可以通过积极参加这个活动，对成年人的责任有更深的理解。
Parents expect their children to have __________ by actively __________.
58. 解决这个烦人问题的方法是好好平衡工作和休息。
__________ working out this annoying problem is to __________ well.
59. 他生气地盯着她看，问道：“你意识到危险了吗？”
He __________ and asked, “Are you __________ ”
Section B
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
60. 应该采取积极措施来防止疾病蔓延。(prevent)(汉译英)
61. 他决定无视网上那些不相干评论，只专注于手头上的任务。(ignore) (汉译英)
62. 就个人来说，我宁愿不看人人向往的日出，也不愿不顾安全，半夜三更去徒步登山。(prefer) (汉译英)
听力答案：1-10：CBACD BDCDA 11-13: BDC 14-17: ACBD

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