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2024 年高考高三英语语法填空——汽车无人驾驶话题
（2022 秋 ·全国 · 高三专题练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese carmakers are taking the lead in developing the intelligent cockpit (驾驶座舱), 1 is becoming
a key part of the modern driving experience.
Intelligent cockpits combine smart technologies with 2 (vary) driving functions, such as voice recognition for vehicle commands and the entertainment and navigation (导航) systems.
According to a report 3 (publish) by patent research firm PatSnap last week, globally there have been
193, 000 patent applications related 4 intelligent cockpits.
Of those, China owns 82, 300 applications, accounting for 42.56 percent of the total and 5 (rank) first worldwide. It means that the country has become the 6 (much) important market for intelligent cockpit
technology, according to the report.
Japan ranks 7 (two) with 31, 900 patent applications and the United States follows with 19, 300. The
patent applications of the top three nations account for around 70 percent of the total.
A representative from PatSnap has said the three countries represent the development trend of the automobile
industry to a certain degree as they 8 (be) the three largest auto producers worldwide.
It can 9 (see) that under the global trend of autonomous, connected, electric and shared vehicles, the intelligent cockpit has become one of the vital development 10 (direction) of the future of mobility,
the report said.
（2023·江西萍乡 · 校考一模）阅读下面材料， 在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词） 或括号内单词的正确形 式。
A group of Chinese students in Northwest China’s Shanxi province have built a remote controlled unmanned
boat 11 (collect) garbage from water.
Powered by electric propeller (螺旋桨), the cleaning boat can move forward 12 backward. It can also make turns following 13 (instruct) from a remote control or a mobile application. The vessel 14 (measure) 1.6 meters in length, 1.3 meters in width and 0.9 meters in height and features two half-meter-long arms on 15 (it) front. When it sails forward, garbage 16 (gather) by the arms can be easily collected by a cage inside the boat. “The boat can collect up to 25 kilos of garbage and is about twice more efficient than a
human cleaner”, said Zhou Jiannan, leader of the invention, 17 is pursuing a Phd at Northwestern
Polytechnical University in Shanxi's capital city Xi'an. It takes about four hours to 18 (full) charge the boat, while it can operate continuously for up to eight hours. Besides, garbage collection, the boat can be equipped 19 other intelligent hardware to help monitor water quality and identify sources of pollution. Now Zhou has
founded a tech company focusing on 20 (produce) the boat.
（2022 春 · 江苏 · 高三江苏省前黄高级中学校考阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或 括号内单词的正确形式。
AirCar is the latest generation flying car 21 transforms from road vehicle into air vehicle in less than 3 minutes, Useful for leisure and self-driving 22 (journey), the vehicle can go from driving to flying mode with the click of a button. The fifth generation flying car designed by Professor Stefan Klein 23 (complete)
two flight tests at Piestany airport in Slovakia so far.
The two-seat AirCar, 24 (weigh) 1,100kg, can carry an additional load of 200kg per flight. 25 (drive) by a BMW 1.6L, engine, the car-plane has an effective power output of 140HP. The estimated travel range of the vehicle is 1,000km and the flight 26 (consume) is 18 liters (升) per hour. AirCar can transform from
a ground-based vehicle to aircraft with its speed 27 (reach) up to 200 km/h. But most importantly, the
stability and controllability of the AirCar is 28 (access) to any pilot.
“With AirCar you will arrive at your destination 29 the trouble of getting a ride to airport and passing through commercial security. You can drive your AirCar to the golf course, the offices, the shopping centre or your hotel and park 30 in a normal parking space,” said Anton Zajac, Klein Vision’s co-founder ，investor and
pilot.
（2023 春 · 吉林长春 · 高三长春外国语学校校考开学考试）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或 括号内单词的正确形式。
Shenzhen, a city that pioneered reform and opening-up in China, will allow fully autonomous vehicles 31
(run) on certain roads.
The new rule, 32 (schedule) to come into force on August 1, 2022, also clarified rules for liability (责 任) in car accidents that involve autonomous driving, 33 (help) to fill the legal gap in China’s smart car
industry.
“Shenzhen is giving self-driving cars 34 legal ‘identity card’, a key move in accelerating the
commercialization of autonomous vehicles,” experts said, adding that more legal 35 (measure) and more
testing experience are needed before widening such trials.
The new rule said automakers don’t 36 (necessary) have to equip fully autonomous vehicles with
human driving modes and equipment.
But such fully automated vehicles can only run on certain roads and sections designated (指定) by Shenzhen’s traffic management department, according to the rule, 37 was published on the official website of Shenzhen
Municipal People’s Congress on Tuesday.
“In a traffic accident, if the damage 38 (cause) by the defects of a vehicle, the driver, the owner or the user of the vehicle, after paying for the bill, can request compensation (补偿) from the manufacturer or seller of the
car 39 accordance with laws,” the new rule said.
Yu Qian, CEO and founder of QCraft, a Chinese self-driving startup, said, “China’s autonomous driving industry is entering a golden development period, with many 40 (effect) policies becoming increasingly clear and open, and technologies and algorithms (算法) becoming more powerful.”
（2022 春 · 山东临沂 · 高三校考阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正 确形式。
Beijing issued temporary license plates for Baidu’s self-driving vehicles for public road testing on Thursday.
The capital has opened 33 roads of 41 total length of 105 kilometers for autonomous car testing.
According to regulations for managing road testing for self-driving vehicles, autonomous vehicles are 42 (qualify) for public road testing only after they have completed 5,000 kilometers of daily driving in designated closed test fields and 43 (pass) evaluations. The test vehicles must be equipped 44 monitoring devices that can monitor driving behavior, collect vehicle location information and monitor 45 a vehicle is in self-driving mode. Test drivers must have received no less than 50 hours of self-driving 46 (train). Beijing has built 47 (it) first closed test fields in Haidian District, 48 (cover) about 130,000 square
meters.
Baidu is developing high-resolution maps for self-driving cars. The first will be based on the 33 roads. Tao Ji, technical director of Baidu’s automatic driving, said as safety and obeying the rules of the road are the priorities in early tests, the speed is a little 49 (slow). There are multiple sets of sensors in the vehicles so that, in case
of sensor failure, collisions with pedestrians or other vehicles 50 (avoid).
（2022 春 ·湖北恩施 · 高三校联考阶段练习）语法填空
Pan Lin, 22, experienced her first ride in a self-driving taxi in Changsha, China's Hunan Province. “I made 51 appointment in the app and the taxi arrived in about 10 minutes.” said Pan. “The taxi drove very well by
52 (it)”, said Pan after a 10-minute-long test ride.
The self-driving taxi, 53 (operate) by Hunan Apollo Intelligent Transportation Co.Ltd., is named
Robotaxi. On April 21, the company said that a group of 30 self-driving taxis had been put 54 use in the city
and users can call one for a free ride.
“The in-car touch screen can 55 (clear) show barriers (障碍物), passing vehicles, intersections, traffic lights and the remaining (余下的) 56 (distant).” said Cheng Li, director of the test department of the company. The company started testing self-driving taxis in the second half of last year and they 57 (collect) a
lot of test data since then.
In April 2018, China allowed local governments to arrange road tests for intelligent connected vehicles (ICVs), 58 cover different degrees of self-driving. An increasing number of cities, 59 (include) Beijing, Shanghai and Chongqing, have issued (发行；发表) license 60 (plate) for road tests of ICVs.
（2023·山东聊城 · 统考二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Self-driving cars may sound like something from a futuristic sci-fi novel. However, with advanced trials expected from 2023, they are a lot 61 (close) to reality beyond your imagination, and they could really help
you.
The introduction of self-driving cars could have a major impact 62 how older adults go about their daily lives. It 63 (hope) that these cars will help reduce the social isolation and 64 (lonely) we often experience as we get older. Additionally, this technology has the potential to enable a greater level of independence for disabled people. This is 65 (particular) important for older people, as 44 percent of State Pension age adults
reported disability in 2017/18.
Connected and automated vehicles (also known as CAVs), are vehicles 66 could perform many of the functions of today's human drivers in the future. This might be difficult 67 (imagine), but now connectivity
and driver-assistance features 68 (be) common in cars.
Today, vehicles can connect to the internet to provide drivers with information on road, traffic 69
weather conditions. They can also take over limited parts of the driving task, like 70 (use) advanced
emergency braking to help avoid crashes.
（2023·辽宁丹东 · 统考二模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Driverless taxis are now available for hire in suburban Beijing, marking a new chapter in intelligent transport.
This is the first time that a 71 (full)autonomous group of vehicles has got 72 (permit)to operate in
a world-class city.
Previously, robotaxis 73 (require)to have a human driver in case of an emergency. However, the two
companies will be allowed 74 (operate)robotaxis with just the passengers inside.
The two companies, both among the leading players in China’s autonomous driving industry, have each put 10
autonomous vehicles in 75 60- square- kilometer area in Yizhuang, located in the southern suburb of
Beijing.
Baidu plans to expand 76 (it)autonomous ride-hailing services to 65 cities in 2025 and 100 in 2030.
The market size for China’s self-driving taxi service is expected to reach 1.3 trillion(188.6 billion U.S. dollars)by 2030, 77 (account)for 60 percent of the country’s ride- hailing market at that time, according to
78 (science)forecasts from a global company, IHS Markit.
The robotaxi is also expected to pave the way 79 the development of private autonomous vehicles,
80 have the potential to be a revolutionary technology capable of transforming people’s lives.
（2023 春 ·河北沧州 · 高三统考阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正 确形式。
Tech giant Baidu 81 (announce) on Monday that it had obtained permits to operate fully autonomous taxis without any human 82 (assist) on board in two of China’s megacities (特大城市), marking 83
first for the country.
Baidu said it received the regulatory approvals for its autonomous ride-hailing service Apollo Go to operate on open roads during the daytime in Chongqing and Wuhan. The cities have populations of some 30 million and 11
million people, 84 (respective).
The move represents a notable step forward for Baidu and a potential shift in China’s comfort with the new technology. In other cities 85 the company’s robotaxis operate, Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen 86
(include), Baidu is required to have a human safety operator present in the vehicle.
The permits will allow Baidu 87 (provide) fully driverless robotaxi services in certain areas in Wuhan and in Chongqing. Service will be limited at first, though, with just five robotaxis 88 (operate)
then in each city.
In the United States, robotaxi offerings remain limited 89 numbers and ride-hailing giants like Uber
and Lyft have abandoned in-house self-driving taxi efforts.
In June, General Motors-backed Cruise gained permits in California to charge a fare for driverless rides in San Francisco. In July, 90 , Reuters reported that the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration opened
an investigation into a crash of a Cruise self-driving vehicle that resulted in minor injuries.
（2020 秋 · 山西运城 · 高三统考期中）阅读下面材料， 在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词） 或括号内单词的 正确形式。
CHANGCHUN, Oct. 21 (Xinhua)-Chinese train maker CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co., Ltd. on
Wednesday rolled out 91 new type of high-speed train 92 can run on different rail systems.
The train, with a standard speed of 400 km per hour, has been developed to cope 93 different rail
systems on international routes, 94 (make) international rail travel more convenient.
The company said the train can operate in temperatures between minus 50 degrees Celsius 95 50
degrees Celsius, and can also operate under different traction power supply systems and railway transportation
standards of different countries.
96 (base) on the prototype and technology, the company is ready to take orders for customized high-speed trains and train products according to the technical standards and operational requirements of various regions of the
world.
There are 97 (current) four main railway track standards around the world. When ordinary trains run
between countries with different gauges, they need to replace their train bogies, which takes time and effort.
As the new CRRC train 98 (equip) with gauge-changing bogies, it can change 99 (it) rail mode
during cross-border travel, greatly improving the 100 (efficient) of travel across rail systems.
（2020 秋 · 江苏扬州 · 高三扬州市江都区大桥高级中学校考阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适 当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On paper, Laos seems to have all to attract international tourists. It owns mighty waterfalls, golden temples
and nearly two dozen national parks.
But the land-locked country welcomed only 4.2 million visitors in 2016 — a small 101 (achieve)in comparison with its southeastern Asian neighbors. In that same year, there 102 (be)32 million tourists in Thailand, 26. 8 million in Malaysia and over 10 million in Vietnam—all countries boasting their long and 103 (impress)beaches. As for Laos, its main problem is its lack of the three Ss—sun, sand and sea. 104 , things
seem to change now.
A high-speed rail link between Laos and China 105 (expect)to open in 2022, with the purpose of
attracting more tourists.
The country is making a bold attempt to overcome this natural deficit by becoming the first foreign country to use Chinese technology, equipment and investment 106 (connect)with the giant nation's domestic fast and
vast rail network.
If all goes as planned, Laos will be the first stop on one route of the Pan-Asia Railway, 107 aim is to connect China with all of Southeast Asia. With trains 108 (run) at speeds of up to 125 miles per hour, the
inconvenience of carrying both passengers and cargo in the mountainous areas 109 (overcome) greatly.
If so, 110 those who enjoy hiking, now it could be the last chance to experience an undeveloped part of
Southeast Asia before it joins its neighbors in boosting its tourism.
（2023 春 · 高三单元测试）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has once again showed its ability to change the world with its “four new great 111 (invent)”—
high-speed rail, mobile payment, shared bicycle, and online shopping.
China’s new-generation high-speed train, the Fuxing, is now one of the 112 (fast) trains in the world,
which can travel at a speed of 350 km/h. Besides high-speed rail, China 113 (improve) people’s lives in
many other innovative ways over the last decade.
Bike sharing, for example, is not new itself. But China has made 114 much more convenient and popular both in China 115 overseas. Leading Chinese bike-sharing companies are now operating in
foreign countries such as Singapore and Britain.
And back in China, when riding a shared bike, you can stop 116 (buy) and eat whatever you want 117 (simple) with a tap of your phone. You could easily pay with your smartphone by 118 (scan) the seller’s QR code. Mobile payment has grown into a 119 (choose) for Chinese people — even a pancake
seller is using it.
Besides, the four innovative ways of life are most appealing 120 youths from other countries, and
they wish their countries would go further in terms of technological achievement.
（2023 春 ·广东 · 高三鹤山市鹤华中学校考阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号 内单词的正确形式。
China has built a high-speed passenger rail network in recent 121 (year) and will continue to expand it. By the end of 2018, China’s high-speed railway mileage ( 总长度) 122 (reach) 29,000 kilometres. This accounted for 2/3 of the world’s total high-speed rail tracks, 123 (make) China’s high-speed rail system
become the world’s 124 (large) high-speed rail network.
China’s high-speed trains are similar 125 those of France’s TGV, German’s ICE and Japan’s
Shinkansen. The fast train 126 top speed is 250-350 km/h is called CRH, China Railway High-speed.
If you want to travel around China, the high-speed trains will be your ideal choice since they are clean, comfortable 127 modern. Unlike the old trains in the past in China, nobody is allowed 128 (smoke)
on high-speed trains, not even between carriages.
The seats are as good as those on the plane or even better. Most high-speed rail tickets have corresponding (对 应的) seats, and only 129 small number of standing tickets are sometimes sold on limited trains. The ticket
prices for China’s high-speed trains are reasonable, and people can buy tickets 130 (convenient).
（2022·辽宁鞍山 ·鞍山一中校考模拟预测）阅读下面短文， 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正 确形式。
A maglev (磁悬浮) bullet train that can reach speeds of 600 kilometers per hour (373 miles per hour) has made its debut (亮相) in Qingdao, China.
131 (develop) by the state-owned China Railway Rolling Stock Corporation, its considered the
world’s 132 (fast) train.
Liang Jianying, deputy general manager and chief engineer of CRRC Sifang, told Chinese state media that in addition to its speed, 133 train emits (排放) low levels of noise pollution and requires less maintenance
than other high-speed trains.
A prototype (原型) of the new maglev train 134 (reveal) to media in 2019. That same year, China
announced 135 (ambition) plans to create “3-hour transportation circles” between major metropolitan
areas.
High-speed rail is a major priority in China, 136 aims to connect more of its large cities by train
137 (reduce) the time and expense required to travel around the world’s most populous country.
138 (current), the average high-speed train in China can run at about 350 kph, while planes fly at
800-900 kph. Trains like the one unveiled in Qingdao this week could fill a critical middle space.
Several new maglev networks are reportedly under 139 (construct), including one linking Shanghai
and Hangzhou and 140 connecting Chengdu and Chongqing.
（2022 春 · 辽宁 · 高三辽宁实验中学校考期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词 的正确形式。
As the countdown to the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics continues, the new high-speed railway line 141 （connect ）the capital with Olympic host city Zhangjiakou has just entered service. It cuts the travel time 142 the two from three hours to 47 minutes. But this isn’t just another bullet train. This beauty, part of China’s Fuxing series, can run up to 350 kilometers per hour without a driver, 143 （say ）to be the world’s first smart
high-speed railway.
So what makes them “smart” Well, the carriages 144 （equip）with 5G signals, intelligent lighting and sensors to collect real-time data and detect any operational abnormalities. Meanwhile, each individual seat has 145 （it ）own touch-screen control panel and wireless charging docks. Though the high-speed trains on the
route are autonomous, 146 monitoring driver will be on board at all times. The trains can 147
（automatic）start, stop and adjust to the different speed 148 （limit）between stations. Back at the station,
robots and facial recognition technologies can help passengers with directions, luggage and paperless check-ins.
Today, China is home to the world’s largest high-speed rail network, and the 149 （fast）commercially operating train—the Shanghai maglev. According to the China State Railway Group, 1,036 Fuxing bullet trains
have been put into operation since 2017, 150 the series were first launched.
（2022 秋 ·湖北武汉 · 高三统考期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形 式。
China has built a high-speed passenger rail network in recent years and will continue to enlarge 151 (rapid). By the end of 2017, China's railway mileage 152 (reach) 127, 000 kilometers, and 25,000 km of it
are high-speed rail, 153 makes China's high-speed system the world's 154 (large) high-speed
network.
China’s high-speed trains are similar to those of France's TGV, Germany’s ICE and Japan's Shinkansen. The
fast trains with 155 top speed of 250 - 350km/h are called CRH, China Railway High-speed.
If you want to travel around China, the high-speed trains will be your ideal vehicle since they are clean, comfortable and modern. Unlike the traditional trains in China, no smoking 156 (allow) on high-speed trains,
not even between carriages.
To meet the 157 (require) of different passengers, the high-speed railway operators have divided CRH tickets into three types. They are business, first class and second class. There's never a mad crowd with many
people 158 (sit) in the aisles as well as in seats.
The ticket prices for China's high-speed trains are reasonable 159 , on most routes, the frequency of
departure is very high, so it's quite convenient for people 160 (buy) tickets.
（2022 春 ·河南 · 高三校联考阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确 形式。
The total number of China-Europe cargo ( 货 物)train trips has exceeded 50,000 as a cargo train left the southwestern city of Chengdu on January 29, 161 (office) data showed, a stable contribution to the global
supply chain.
The value of goods 162 (transport) by the cargo service skyrocketed to $ 74.9 billion in 2023. From 2016 to 2023, the China-Europe Railway Express had an increase of 55 percent on average 163 (year), extending to 180 cities in 23 countries in the Europe, and the items have expanded from IT 164 (product) such as mobile phones and notebook computers at the 165 (begin), to more than 50000 items, including
auto parts, vehicles, chemicals, electro-mechanicals, food, alcohol, and wood.
The China-Europe cargo train serves 166 a crucial link for trade and economic cooperation across the Eurasian region. It 167 (run) smoothly since 2020, as the world is facing the impact of the epidemic (流行 病), and the trains also play 168 important role in fighting the epidemic with the transport of epidemic
prevention materials.
A total of 13.62 million pieces of anti-epidemic materials, 169 (weigh) more than 00,000 tons, have been delivered to Germany, Poland, Belgium and other European countries, 170 has become a “bond of
destiny” for countries to join hands in fighting the epidemic.
（2020 秋 · 辽宁大连 · 高三校联考期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的 正确形式。
Our world may 171 (fill) with driverless cars in the near future. But 172 will we
communicate with them if there’s nobody in the driver’s seat
At present, drivers can make gestures like 173 (nod) when they let us cross the street. 174 of
course, self-driving cars don’t have this ability.
US carmaker Ford and its partner Virginia Tech 175 (try) to solve this problem. The team is testing a method 176 uses light signals. For example, a slow blinking (闪烁的) light shows the car is coming to
177 stop, and a rapidly flashing light tells passers-by that the car is about to speed up.
178 (test) the method on real roads, the team has designed a special suit that looks like a car seat. When
a driver wears it, it appears as if the car is driverless.
The team 179 (success) collected more than 1,500 hours of data, recording how people interacted (互 动) with a “driverless” car. Ford says it plans to share the data 180 11 other carmakers, which should
lead to a signaling system to be used in every driverless car.
（2023 春 · 山东烟台 · 高三统考开学考试）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确 形式。
The fastest driverless train is running on the first smart high-speed railway in the world. It 181 (call)Fuxing, running on the Beijing-Zhangjiakou high-speed railway. It connects Beijing and Zhangjiakou—the
two host 182 (city)of the 2022 Winter Olympics.
The new high-speed railway was built along an old historic railway, the Beijing-Zhangjiakou railway. It was known 183 the first railway designed and built by Chinese people alone. It was completed in 1909 and
was designed by Zhang Tianyou, the “Father of China’s Railway” .
The train on the railway is the first of its kind that is covered by China’s Beidou Navigation Satellite System(北斗卫星导航系统). The train runs between stations all by 184 (it). It starts and stops, opens and closes doors, as well as deals with what happens 185 (sudden). What’s more, the train can be repaired by robots. All the stations along the railway have different robots to work for passengers( 乘 客), like 186
(carry)luggage and giving directions.
There are 10 stations along the 174-kilometer railway. The train can run 187 (quick) , and the travel
time between the two cities is cut down 188 over 3 hours to 47 minutes.
Now China has 189 (excellent)high-speed railway system in the world. From 35 to 350 kilometers per hour, the both old and young railway is a witness(见证者)to the rapid 190 (develop)of China’s
railway.
（2022 秋 ·广东韶关 · 高三校考阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正 确形式。
Driverless buses are 191 (current) in operation on some open roads in four countries-China, the United States, Finland and Germany. The 192 (long) of unmanned bus routes in China has reached 54.6 kilometers, 8.6 times as long as those in the US. But that’s just a beginning. Major cities across China 193 (explore)
how to use cutting-edge technologies to improve their transportation networks.
Cities like Guangzhou and Shenzhen have unmanned buses in operation on open roads. It is estimated 194
this year, China will increase 195 number of driverless bus routes to over sixty.
In October 2020, the Longzhou One, the minibus started trial operations in Suzhou, offering free services to
the citizens. It is equipped 196 a global positioning system, cameras and sensors to navigate. AI
technologies and cameras also work together to enable the bus 197 (detect) and avoid obstacles on the road.
A high-speed 5G network and smart connected-devices allow the driverless buses to receive information
198 (regard) traffic and road conditions almost in real time.
With the combination of 5G, navigation satellites, AI, big data and other technologies, urban transportation is
gradually getting ultramodern, 199 makes its management via high-tech possible. Such a trend will
become more 200 (evidence) in the future.2024 年高考高三英语语法填空——汽车无人驾驶话题
（2022 秋 ·全国 · 高三专题练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese carmakers are taking the lead in developing the intelligent cockpit (驾驶座舱), 1 is becoming
a key part of the modern driving experience.
Intelligent cockpits combine smart technologies with 2 (vary) driving functions, such as voice recognition for vehicle commands and the entertainment and navigation (导航) systems.
According to a report 3 (publish) by patent research firm PatSnap last week, globally there have been
193, 000 patent applications related 4 intelligent cockpits.
Of those, China owns 82, 300 applications, accounting for 42.56 percent of the total and 5 (rank) first worldwide. It means that the country has become the 6 (much) important market for intelligent cockpit
technology, according to the report.
Japan ranks 7 (two) with 31, 900 patent applications and the United States follows with 19, 300. The
patent applications of the top three nations account for around 70 percent of the total.
A representative from PatSnap has said the three countries represent the development trend of the automobile
industry to a certain degree as they 8 (be) the three largest auto producers worldwide.
It can 9 (see) that under the global trend of autonomous, connected, electric and shared vehicles, the intelligent cockpit has become one of the vital development 10 (direction) of the future of mobility,
the report said.
【答案】1．which 2．various/varied 3．published 4．to 5．ranking 6．most 7．second
8 ．are/have been 9 ．be seen 10 ．directions
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。报道了中国汽车制造商在开发智能座舱方面处于世界领先地位，智能座舱正 成为现代驾驶体验的重要组成部分。
1 ．考查定语从句。句意：中国汽车制造商在开发智能座舱方面处于领先地位，智能座舱正成为现代驾驶体 验的重要组成部分。分析可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为 the intelligent cockpit，关系代词 which 引导从句，在从句中作主语，指代事物。故填 which。
2 ．考查形容词。句意：智能驾驶舱将智能技术与多种驾驶功能结合在一起，比如车辆命令的语音识别、娱 乐和导航系统。根据后文名词 functions 可知，此处应用形容词 various 或 varied 作定语修饰名词。故填
various/varied。
3 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：根据专利研究公司 PatSnap 上周发布的一份报告，全球有 19.3 万件与智能驾 驶舱内相关的专利申请。非谓语动词 publish 和所修饰的名词 report 之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词作 后置定语。故填 published。
4 ．考查介词。句意：根据专利研究公司 PatSnap 上周发布的一份报告，全球有 19.3 万件与智能驾驶舱内 相关的专利申请。relate to“与……有关”是固定搭配。故填 to。
5．考查非谓语动词。句意：其中，中国有 82,300 人申请，占总数的 42.56%，位居世界第一。非谓语动词 rank
和主语之间是主动关系，故用其现在分词作状语，和前文 accounting 并列。故填 ranking。
6 ．考查最高级。句意：报告称，这意味着中国已成为智能座舱技术最重要的市场。根据句意可知，此处用 most 构成形容词 important 的最高级。故填 most。
7 ．考查序数词。句意： 日本以 31,900 件专利申请排名第二，美国以 19,300 件紧随其后。根据句意可知， 此处应用序数词表示“排名第二”。故填 second。
8 ．考查时态。句意：PatSnap 的一位代表表示，这三个国家在一定程度上代表了汽车行业的发展趋势，因 为它们是（已经成为）世界上最大的三个汽车生产商。根据句意可知，此处描述现在事实，故可用一般现 在时；也可用现在完成时，表示过去的状态对现在的影响，意为“ 已经成为”。主语为复数，故填 are/have
been。
9 ．考查被动语态。句意：报告称，可以看出，在自动驾驶、互联、电动和共享汽车的全球趋势下，智能座 舱已成为未来移动的重要发展方向之一。谓语动词 see 和主语（it 为形式主语，替代后面 that 引导的主语 从句）之间是被动关系，故用被动语态，情态动词后接动词原形。故填 be seen。
10 ．考查名词复数。句意：报告称，可以看出，在自动驾驶、互联、电动和共享汽车的全球趋势下，智能 座舱已成为未来移动的重要发展方向之一。根据前文 one of 可知，此处应用可数名词 direction 的复数形式。 故填 directions。
（2023·江西萍乡 · 校考一模）阅读下面材料， 在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词） 或括号内单词的正确形 式。
A group of Chinese students in Northwest China’s Shanxi province have built a remote controlled unmanned
boat 11 (collect) garbage from water.
Powered by electric propeller (螺旋桨), the cleaning boat can move forward 12 backward. It can also make turns following 13 (instruct) from a remote control or a mobile application. The vessel 14 (measure) 1.6 meters in length, 1.3 meters in width and 0.9 meters in height and features two half-meter-long arms on 15 (it) front. When it sails forward, garbage 16 (gather) by the arms can be easily collected by a cage inside the boat. “The boat can collect up to 25 kilos of garbage and is about twice more efficient than a
human cleaner”, said Zhou Jiannan, leader of the invention, 17 is pursuing a Phd at Northwestern
Polytechnical University in Shanxi's capital city Xi'an. It takes about four hours to 18 (full) charge the boat, while it can operate continuously for up to eight hours. Besides, garbage collection, the boat can be equipped 19 other intelligent hardware to help monitor water quality and identify sources of pollution. Now Zhou has
founded a tech company focusing on 20 (produce) the boat.
【答案】11 ．to collect 12 ．or 13 ．instructions 14 ．measures 15 ．its 16 ．gathered
17 ．who 18 ．fully 19 ．with 20 ．producing
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一群中国学生在中国西北部的山西省建造了一艘遥控无人船来收集 水中的垃圾，对这艘遥控无人船做了说明。
11 ．考查动词不定式。句意：一群中国学生在中国西北部的山西省建造了一艘遥控无人船来收集水中的垃 圾。本句已有谓语 have built 且无连词，动词 collect 用非谓语形式，结合句意可知，此处用动词不定式（to do）作目的状语。故填 to collect。
12 ．考查连词。句意：清洁船由电动螺旋桨驱动，可前后移动。由句意可知，forward 和 backward 是选择 关系，用并列连词 or。故填 or。
13．考查名词的数。句意：它还可以根据遥控器或移动应用程序的指示进行转弯。此处用名词作动词 following 的宾语，instruction （指示、命令） 是可数名词， 此处指“ 不止一个指示“ ，用名词复数形式。故填
instructions。
14 ．考查时态。句意：这艘船长 1.6 米，宽 1.3 米，高 0.9 米，前面有两条半米长的船臂。此处缺乏谓语，
讲的是事实，时态用一般现在时，measure 在此处是系动词，意为“有…… 的尺寸、量起来其体积（面积、 长度 、数额等 ）为 ……” ，不能用于被动语态 ，主语 The vessel 是单数 ，谓语也用单数形式 。故填
measures 。
15 ．考查代词。句意：这艘船长 1.6 米，宽 1.3 米，高 0.9 米，前面有两条半米长的船臂。此处用形容词性 物主代词 its 指代 The vessel，作定语修饰名词 front。故填 its。
16 ．考查过去分词。句意：当它向前航行时，手臂收集的垃圾很容易被船内的笼子收集起来。主句已有谓 语 can be collected 且无连词，动词 gather 用非谓语形式，名词 garbage 和动词 gather 是动宾关系，用过去 分词表被动，作名词 garbage 的后置定语。故填 gathered。
17 ．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：这项发明的负责人周建南说：“这艘船可以收集多达 25 公斤的垃圾， 效率大约是人类清洁工的两倍”，他正在山西省省会城市西安的西北工业大学攻读博士学位。此处是非限制 性定语从句，先行词是 Zhu Jiannan, leader of the invention，指人，在从句中作主语，用关系代词 who。 故填 who。
18．考查副词。句意：它需要大约四个小时才能充满电，而它可以连续运行长达八个小时。此处用副词 fully （完全地）作状语，修饰动词 charge。故填 fully。
19 ．考查固定搭配。句意：此外，垃圾收集船上可以配备其他智能硬件，以帮助监测水质和确定污染源。 固定搭配 be equipped with sth.（配备某物）。故填 with。
20 ．考查动名词。句意：现在，周建南成立了一家科技公司，专注于生产这艘船。固定搭配 focus on doing sth.（专注于做某事），此处用动名词（doing）形式。故填 producing。
（2022 春 · 江苏 · 高三江苏省前黄高级中学校考阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或 括号内单词的正确形式。
AirCar is the latest generation flying car 21 transforms from road vehicle into air vehicle in less than 3 minutes, Useful for leisure and self-driving 22 (journey), the vehicle can go from driving to flying mode with the click of a button. The fifth generation flying car designed by Professor Stefan Klein 23 (complete)
two flight tests at Piestany airport in Slovakia so far.
The two-seat AirCar, 24 (weigh) 1,100kg, can carry an additional load of 200kg per flight. 25 (drive) by a BMW 1.6L, engine, the car-plane has an effective power output of 140HP. The estimated travel range of the vehicle is 1,000km and the flight 26 (consume) is 18 liters (升) per hour. AirCar can transform from
a ground-based vehicle to aircraft with its speed 27 (reach) up to 200 km/h. But most importantly, the
stability and controllability of the AirCar is 28 (access) to any pilot.
“With AirCar you will arrive at your destination 29 the trouble of getting a ride to airport and passing through commercial security. You can drive your AirCar to the golf course, the offices, the shopping centre or your hotel and park 30 in a normal parking space,” said Anton Zajac, Klein Vision’s co-founder ，investor and
pilot.
【答案】21．that 22．journeys 23．has completed 24．weighing 25．Driven 26．consumption
27 ．reaching 28 ．accessible 29 ．without 30 ．it
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新一代飞行汽车 AirCar 的一些相关情况。
21 ．考查定语从句。句意：AirCar 是最新一代的飞行汽车，它可以在不到 3 分钟的时间内从陆路交通工具 转变为空中交通工具。此处限制性定语从句修饰先行词 flying car，从句中作主语，应用关系代词，又因为 名词前有最高级 the latest 修饰，只能用关系代词 that 引导。故填 that。
22 ．考查名词的数。句意：用于休闲和自动驾驶旅行，只需单击一下按钮，车辆即可从驾驶模式转换为飞 行模式。journey 是可数名词，前面没有限定词，应用复数形式。故填 journeys。
23 ．考查动词时态。句意：迄今为止，由斯特凡 · 克莱因教授设计的第五代飞行汽车已经在斯洛伐克的皮耶 什佳尼机场完成了两次飞行测试。根据时间状语 so far 可知，应用现在完成时，主语为 The fifth generation flying car ，助动词用 has。故填 has completed。
24 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：重 1100 公斤的两座的 AirCar 每次飞行可承受 200 公斤的额外负载。分析句 子结构可知 weigh 在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语 The two-seat AirCar 构成主动关系，故用现在 分词作定语。故填 weighing。
25．考查非谓语动词。句意：该汽车飞机由 BMW 1.6 升发动机驱动，有效输出功率为 140 马力。此处 drive 与主语 the car-plane 是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，表被动，句首单词首字母要大写。故填 Driven。
26 ．考查名词。句意：估计车辆的行驶范围为 1000 公里，每小时飞行消耗 18 升。此处是名词短语作主语， consumption“消耗” ，抽象名词，不可数。故填 consumption。
27．考查非谓语动词。句意：AirCar 可以从地面车辆转变为飞机，其速度可达 200 公里/小时。此处与 its speed 是逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，作宾语补足语。故填 reaching。
28 ．考查形容词。句意：但最重要的是，AirCar 的稳定性和可控性是任何飞行员都能掌握的。根据句意可 知，此处短语 be accessible to sb.“容易被某人接受” ，形容词作表语。故填 accessible。
29 ．考查介词。句意：有了 AirCar，你就可以到达目的地，而不必有坐飞机去机场并经过商业安全检查的 麻烦。根据句子可知，使用 AirCar 到达目的地，就不会有后面说的这些问题，应用介词 without“没有”。 故填 without。
30 ．考查代词。句意：你可以开着 AirCar 去高尔夫球场、办公室、购物中心或酒店，把它停在一个普通的 停车位上。”此处指代 AirCar，应用代词 it。故填 it。
（2023 春 · 吉林长春 · 高三长春外国语学校校考开学考试）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或 括号内单词的正确形式。
Shenzhen, a city that pioneered reform and opening-up in China, will allow fully autonomous vehicles 31
(run) on certain roads.
The new rule, 32 (schedule) to come into force on August 1, 2022, also clarified rules for liability (责 任) in car accidents that involve autonomous driving, 33 (help) to fill the legal gap in China’s smart car
industry.
“Shenzhen is giving self-driving cars 34 legal ‘identity card’, a key move in accelerating the
commercialization of autonomous vehicles,” experts said, adding that more legal 35 (measure) and more
testing experience are needed before widening such trials.
The new rule said automakers don’t 36 (necessary) have to equip fully autonomous vehicles with
human driving modes and equipment.
But such fully automated vehicles can only run on certain roads and sections designated (指定) by Shenzhen’s traffic management department, according to the rule, 37 was published on the official website of Shenzhen
Municipal People’s Congress on Tuesday.
“In a traffic accident, if the damage 38 (cause) by the defects of a vehicle, the driver, the owner or the user of the vehicle, after paying for the bill, can request compensation (补偿) from the manufacturer or seller of the
car 39 accordance with laws,” the new rule said.
Yu Qian, CEO and founder of QCraft, a Chinese self-driving startup, said, “China’s autonomous driving industry is entering a golden development period, with many 40 (effect) policies becoming increasingly clear and open, and technologies and algorithms (算法) becoming more powerful.”
【答案】31 ．to run 32 ．scheduled 33 ．helping 34 ．a 35 ．measures 36 ．necessarily
37 ．which 38 ．is caused 39 ．in 40 ．effective
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了深圳是中国改革开放的先驱，将允许全自动驾驶汽车在某些道 路上行驶。新规定于 2022 年 8 月 1 日生效，还明确了涉及自动驾驶的交通事故的责任规则，有助于填补中 国智能汽车行业的法律空白。
31 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：深圳是中国改革开放的先驱，将允许全自动驾驶汽车在某些道路上行驶。短 语 allow…to do sth.表示“ 允许……做某事” ，不定式作宾补。故填 to run。
32 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：新规定于 2022 年 8 月 1 日生效，还明确了涉及自动驾驶的交通事故的责任规 则，有助于填补中国智能汽车行业的法律空白。分析句子结构可知 schedule 与逻辑主语 The new rule 构成 被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。故填 scheduled。
33 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：新规定于 2022 年 8 月 1 日生效，还明确了涉及自动驾驶的交通事故的责任规 则，有助于填补中国智能汽车行业的法律空白。分析句子结构可知 help 与逻辑主语 The new rule 构成主动 关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填 helping。
34 ．考查冠词。句意：“深圳正在给自动驾驶汽车一张合法的‘身份证’，这是加速自动驾驶汽车商业化的关 键一步，”专家表示，并补充说，在扩大此类试验之前，需要更多的法律措施和更多的测试经验。card 为可 数名词，此处为泛指，且 legal 是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用冠词 a。故填 a。
35 ．考查名词的数。句意：“深圳正在给自动驾驶汽车一张合法的‘身份证’，这是加速自动驾驶汽车商业化 的关键一步， ”专家表示，并补充说，在扩大此类试验之前，需要更多的法律措施和更多的测试经验。 measure“措施”是可数名词，根据上文 more 可知 measure 应用复数形式。故填 measures。
36．考查副词。句意：新规定称，汽车制造商不一定要为全自动驾驶汽车配备人类驾驶模式和设备。修饰 have to equip 应用副词 necessarily，作状语。故填 necessarily。
37 ．考查定语从句。句意：但根据周二在深圳市人民代表大会官方网站上发布的规定，这种全自动驾驶汽 车只能在深圳市交通管理部门指定的某些道路和路段上行驶。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词 the rule，在从 句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词 which 引导从句。故填 which。
38 ．考查时态语态。句意：新规定称：“在交通事故中，如果损坏是由车辆缺陷造成的，司机、车主或车辆 使用者在支付了账单后，可以依法向汽车制造商或销售商要求赔偿。”主语与谓语构成被动关系，陈述客观 事实用一般现在时，主语为 damage，谓语用单数。故填 is caused。
39 ．考查介词。句意：新规定称：“在交通事故中，如果损坏是由车辆缺陷造成的，司机、车主或车辆使用
者在支付了账单后，可以依法向汽车制造商或销售商要求赔偿。”短语 in accordance with 表示“依据”。故 填 in。
40 ．考查形容词。句意：中国自动驾驶创业公司 QCraft 的首席执行官兼创始人于谦表示:“中国的自动驾驶 行业正在进入一个黄金发展期，许多有效的政策变得越来越清晰和开放，技术和算法变得更加强大。”修饰 名词 policies 应用形容词 effective，作定语。故填 effective。
（2022 春 · 山东临沂 · 高三校考阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正 确形式。
Beijing issued temporary license plates for Baidu’s self-driving vehicles for public road testing on Thursday.
The capital has opened 33 roads of 41 total length of 105 kilometers for autonomous car testing.
According to regulations for managing road testing for self-driving vehicles, autonomous vehicles are 42 (qualify) for public road testing only after they have completed 5,000 kilometers of daily driving in designated closed test fields and 43 (pass) evaluations. The test vehicles must be equipped 44 monitoring devices that can monitor driving behavior, collect vehicle location information and monitor 45 a vehicle is in self-driving mode. Test drivers must have received no less than 50 hours of self-driving 46 (train). Beijing has built 47 (it) first closed test fields in Haidian District, 48 (cover) about 130,000 square
meters.
Baidu is developing high-resolution maps for self-driving cars. The first will be based on the 33 roads. Tao Ji, technical director of Baidu’s automatic driving, said as safety and obeying the rules of the road are the priorities in early tests, the speed is a little 49 (slow). There are multiple sets of sensors in the vehicles so that, in case
of sensor failure, collisions with pedestrians or other vehicles 50 (avoid).
【 答案 】41 ．a 42 ．qualified 43 ．passed 44 ．with 45 ．whether/if 46 ．training
47 ．its 48 ．covering 49 ．slower 50 ．will be avoided
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了百度自动驾驶汽车的开发进度， 目前北京已经向百度发放了自 动驾驶汽车的临时号牌，用于公共道路测试。
41 ．考查冠词。句意：北京为自动驾驶汽车测试开放了 33 条总长度为 105 公里的道路。根据句意可知，句 中表达了“总共” 的意思，需要用到短语 a total of 来表示。故填 a。
42 ．考查形容词。句意：根据自动驾驶汽车道路测试管理规定， 自动驾驶汽车每天在指定的封闭测试场地 完成 5000 公里的驾驶，并通过评估，才有资格参加公共道路测试。分析句子成分可知，设空处位于系动词 are 后面充当表语，且根据句意可知，句中表达了“有资格……” 的含义，所以要用到短语 be qualified for 来 表示。故填 qualified。
43 ．考查动词时态。句意：根据自动驾驶汽车道路测试管理规定， 自动驾驶汽车每天在指定的封闭测试场 地完成 5000 公里的驾驶，并通过评估，才有资格参加公共道路测试。分析句子成分可知，and 连接两个并 列的谓语动词；根据设空前have completed 可知，设空处也要用过去分词形式，构成现在完成时。故填passed、 44 ．考查介词。句意：测试车辆必须配备监控设备，可以监控驾驶行为，收集车辆位置信息，监控车辆是 否处于自动驾驶模式。根据句意可知，句子表达了“配备有……” 的含义，所以需要用到短语 be equipped with 来表示。故填 with。
45 ．考查宾语从句。句意：测试车辆必须配备监控设备，可以监控驾驶行为，收集车辆位置信息，监控车 辆是否处于自动驾驶模式。分析句子成分和句子结构可知，句子 a vehicle is in self-driving mode 跟在动词
monitor 后面充当宾语，所以这是一个宾语从句；根据句意可知，设空处意为“ 是否” ，所以要用 whether 或 if 引导。故填 whether 或 if。
46 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：测试司机必须接受不少于 50 小时的自动驾驶培训。分析句子成分可知，设空 处位于介词 of 后面充当宾语，所以要用动名词形式。故填 training。
47 ．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：北京在海淀区建立了第一个封闭试验场， 占地约 13 万平方米。设空处 位于名词 fields 前面，所以要用形容词性物主代词。故填 its。
48 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：北京在海淀区建立了第一个封闭试验场， 占地约 13 万平方米。分析句子成分 和句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词 has built，无连词，可推断这是一个简单句，所以设空处是非谓语动 词；cover 与逻辑主语 fields 之间是主动关系，所以要用现在分词形式。故填 covering。
49 ．考查形容词比较级。句意：百度自动驾驶技术总监陶吉表示，由于在早期测试中，安全与遵守交通规 则是重中之重，所以速度会稍微慢一些。设空处跟在系动词 is 后面充当表语，且根据设空前的修饰词 a little 可知，设空处要用形容词的比较级形式。故填 slower。
50 ．考查动词语态。句意：车辆中有多组传感器，当传感器发生故障时，可以避免与行人或其他车辆发生 碰撞。分析句子成分和句子结构可知，so that 在句中引导目的状语从句；分析从句句子成分可知，从句缺 少谓语动词，可推断设空处充当谓语；从句主语 collisions 与谓语动词 avoid 之间是被动关系，所以要用被 动语态； 结合句意可知， 此处描述的是将来的事件， 所以要用一般将来时的被动语态。故填 will be
avoided。
（2022 春 ·湖北恩施 · 高三校联考阶段练习）语法填空
Pan Lin, 22, experienced her first ride in a self-driving taxi in Changsha, China's Hunan Province. “I made 51 appointment in the app and the taxi arrived in about 10 minutes.” said Pan. “The taxi drove very well by
52 (it)”, said Pan after a 10-minute-long test ride.
The self-driving taxi, 53 (operate) by Hunan Apollo Intelligent Transportation Co.Ltd., is named
Robotaxi. On April 21, the company said that a group of 30 self-driving taxis had been put 54 use in the city
and users can call one for a free ride.
“The in-car touch screen can 55 (clear) show barriers (障碍物), passing vehicles, intersections, traffic lights and the remaining (余下的) 56 (distant).” said Cheng Li, director of the test department of the company. The company started testing self-driving taxis in the second half of last year and they 57 (collect) a
lot of test data since then.
In April 2018, China allowed local governments to arrange road tests for intelligent connected vehicles (ICVs), 58 cover different degrees of self-driving. An increasing number of cities, 59 (include) Beijing, Shanghai and Chongqing, have issued (发行；发表) license 60 (plate) for road tests of ICVs.
【答案】51．an 52．itself 53．operated 54．in 55．clearly 56．distance 57．have collected
58 ．which 59 ．including 60 ．plates
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍无人驾驶出租车的测试及其特点。
51 ．考查冠词。句意：潘林说：“我在应用程序中预约了一下，出租车大约在 10 分钟内到达。”根据句意及 句子结构可知，此句考查短语 make an appointment，表示“预约” ，故填 an。
52 ．考查代词。句意：潘林在经过 10 分钟的测试后说：“ 出租车本身开得很好”。根据句意及句子结构可知， 此处考查短语 by oneself，表示“独自，通过自己”。主语是 The taxi，故反身代词应与主语保持一致，故填
itself。
53 ．考查过去分词。句意：由湖南阿波罗智能交通有限公司运营的无人驾驶出租车被命名为 Robotaxi。根 据句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词。主语 The self-driving taxi 与 operate 是动宾关系，故此处应填过 去分词，作定语，故填 operated。
54 ．考查介词。句意：4 月 21 日，该公司表示，该市已经投入使用 30 辆无人驾驶出租车，用户可以拨打其 中一辆，免费乘车。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处考查短语 put sth. in use，表示“将某物投入使用”。本 句运用了过去完成时的被动语态，即 sth. had been put in use，表示“某物被投入到使用中” ，故填 in。
55 ．考查副词。句意：该公司测试部主任程立说：“车载触摸屏可以清楚地显示障碍物，过往车辆，十字路 口，通信号灯和余下的距离。”根据句意及句子结构可知，设空处用副词 clearly，表示“清楚地” ，作状语， 修饰动词 show，故填 clearly。
56 ．考查名词。句意：该公司测试部主任程立说：“车载触摸屏可以清楚地显示障碍物，过往车辆，十字路 口，通信号灯和余下的距离。”根据句意及被形容词 remaining 修饰可知，此处应填不可数名词 distance ， 表示“距离” ，故填 distance。
57 ．考查时态。句意：该公司于去年下半年开始测试无人驾驶出租车，从那时起，他们已经收集了大量的 测试数据。根据 since then 可知，时态应用现在完成时，表示过去发生或完成了的动作，对现在造成的某种 影响或结果。主语 they 是复数，助动词用 have，故填 have collected。
58 ．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：2018 年 4 月，中国允许地方政府安排智能网联汽车的道路测试，涵盖 不同程度的无人驾驶。根据句子结构可知，此句是非限制性定语从句，故用 which 引导，指代 In April 2018, China allowed local governments to arrange road tests for intelligent connected vehicles (ICVs)这件事， 故填 which。
59 ．考查介词。句意：越来越多的城市，包括北京、上海和重庆，已经为 ICVs 的道路测试发放了牌照。根 据句意及句子结构可知，此处应填介词 including，表示“包括” ，故填 including。
60．考查名词的数。句意：越来越多的城市，包括北京、上海和重庆，已经为 ICVs 的道路测试发放了牌照。 根据句意及句子结构可知，此处考查名词短语 license plates，表示“牌照” ，故填可数名词复数 plates，故填
plates。
（2023·山东聊城 · 统考二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Self-driving cars may sound like something from a futuristic sci-fi novel. However, with advanced trials expected from 2023, they are a lot 61 (close) to reality beyond your imagination, and they could really help
you.
The introduction of self-driving cars could have a major impact 62 how older adults go about their daily lives. It 63 (hope) that these cars will help reduce the social isolation and 64 (lonely) we often experience as we get older. Additionally, this technology has the potential to enable a greater level of independence for disabled people. This is 65 (particular) important for older people, as 44 percent of State Pension age adults
reported disability in 2017/18.
Connected and automated vehicles (also known as CAVs), are vehicles 66 could perform many of the functions of today's human drivers in the future. This might be difficult 67 (imagine), but now connectivity
and driver-assistance features 68 (be) common in cars.
Today, vehicles can connect to the internet to provide drivers with information on road, traffic 69
weather conditions. They can also take over limited parts of the driving task, like 70 (use) advanced
emergency braking to help avoid crashes.
【答案】61．closer 62．on 63．is hoped 64．loneliness 65．particularly 66．that/which
67 ．to imagine 68 ．are 69 ．and 70 ．using
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了自动驾驶汽车的发展及其应用的意义。
61 ．考查形容词比较级。句意：然而，随着 2023 年开始的高级试验，它们更接近于现实，超出了你的想象， 它们真的可以帮助你。根据 a lot 可知此处要用形容词比较级。故填 closer。
62 ．考查介词。句意： 自动驾驶汽车的引入可能会对老年人的日常生活产生重大影响。短语 have a major impact on… ，“对…有重大影响”。故填 on。
63 ．考查时态和语态。句意：人们希望这些汽车能帮助减少我们在变老时经常经历的社会孤立和孤独。分 析句子可知，此处 It 是形式主语，that 从句是真正主语，与 hope 之间是被动关系，由 that 从句的时态是 一般将来时可知此处时态是一般现在时。It is hoped that…“人们希望…”。故填 is hoped。
64．考查名词。句意：人们希望这些汽车能帮助减少我们在变老时经常经历的社会孤立和孤独。根据 the social isolation and 可知此处要用名词，做 will help reduce 的宾语。故填 loneliness。
65 ．考查副词。句意：这对老年人尤其重要，因为在 2017/18 年度，44%的国家养老金年龄的成年人被报告 残疾。根据形容词 important 可知此处要用副词，作状语。故填 particularly。
66 ．考查定语从句的关系词。句意：互联和自动车辆(也被称为 CAVs)是一种能够在未来执行当今人类驾驶 员的许多功能的车辆。分析句子可知，此处是一个定语从句，先行词是 vehicles ，指物，根据定语从句 could perform many of the functions of today's human drivers in the future 中缺少主语，可知此处要用关系代词 that/which。故填 that/which。
67．考查动词不定式。句意：这可能很难想象，但现在连通性和驾驶员辅助功能在汽车中很普遍。根据 might be difficult 可知此处要用动词不定式，在“be+形容词+to do”中，通常使用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。 故填 to imagine。
68 ．考查主谓一致。句意：这可能很难想象，但现在连通性和驾驶员辅助功能在汽车中很普遍。此处是谓 语动词，根据主语 connectivity and driver-assistance features 可知此处 be 动词要用 are。故填 are。
69 ．考查连词。句意：今天，车辆可以连接到互联网，为司机提供有关道路、交通和天气状况的信息。根 据 information on road, traffic 和 weather conditions 之间是并列关系，可知此处要用并列连词 and。故填
and。
70 ．考查动名词。句意：他们还可以接管驾驶任务的有限部分，比如使用高级紧急制动以避免撞车。根据 介词 like“像，比如” ，可知此处要用动名词，作介词宾语。故填 using。
（2023·辽宁丹东 · 统考二模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Driverless taxis are now available for hire in suburban Beijing, marking a new chapter in intelligent transport.
This is the first time that a 71 (full)autonomous group of vehicles has got 72 (permit)to operate in
a world-class city.
Previously, robotaxis 73 (require)to have a human driver in case of an emergency. However, the two
companies will be allowed 74 (operate)robotaxis with just the passengers inside.
The two companies, both among the leading players in China’s autonomous driving industry, have each put 10
autonomous vehicles in 75 60- square- kilometer area in Yizhuang, located in the southern suburb of
Beijing.
Baidu plans to expand 76 (it)autonomous ride-hailing services to 65 cities in 2025 and 100 in 2030.
The market size for China’s self-driving taxi service is expected to reach 1.3 trillion(188.6 billion U.S. dollars)by 2030, 77 (account)for 60 percent of the country’s ride- hailing market at that time, according to
78 (science)forecasts from a global company, IHS Markit.
The robotaxi is also expected to pave the way 79 the development of private autonomous vehicles,
80 have the potential to be a revolutionary technology capable of transforming people’s lives.
【答案】71 ．fully 72 ．permission 73 ．were required 74 ．to operate 75 ．a 76 ．its
77 ．accounting 78 ．scientific 79 ．for 80 ．which
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。无人驾驶出租车现在可以在北京郊区出租，这标志着智能交通的新篇章。
71 ．考查副词。句意：这是全自动驾驶汽车首次获准在世界级城市行驶。根据句意和所给形容词 full 以及 空格 后 的 形 容 词 autonomous 可 知 ， 空格 处应 该 填入 full 的 副 词 形 式 fully 作状语 ，修饰 后面 的 autonomous。故填 fully。
72 ．考查名词。句意：这是全自动驾驶汽车首次获准在世界级城市行驶。根据句意和所给动词 permit 以及 空格前 的动词 got 可知 ，空格处应该填入 permit 的名词形式 permission 作动词 got 的 宾语 。故填
permission。
73 ．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：此前，机器人出租车被要求配备一名人类司机以防紧急情况。根 据句中的 previously 可知，句子应该用一般过去时；句子的主语 robotaxis 与动词 require 之间是被动关系， 所以应该用被动语态；robotaxis 是复数形式，所以谓语动词应该用复数形式。故填were required。
74 ．考查不定式。句意：然而，这两家公司将被允许运营只有乘客的无人驾驶出租车。根据句意和所给动 词 operate 以及空格前的动词 allow 可知，空格处应该填入不定式 to operate 作主语补足语（be allowed to do）。故填 to operate。
75 ．考查冠词。句意：这两家公司都是中国自动驾驶行业的领军企业，它们在位于北京南郊亦庄的 60 平方 公里的区域内各投放了 10 辆自动驾驶汽车。根据句意和句中的单数可数名词 area 可知，空格处应该填入 不定冠词，表示数量，60- square- kilometer 发音以辅音音素开头，需填不定冠词 a。故填 a。
76．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：百度计划在 2025 年将其自动驾驶网约车服务扩展到 65 个城市，到 2030 年将扩展到 100 个城市。根据句意和所给代词 it 以及空格后的名词 services 可知，空格处应该填入形容词 性物主代词 its 作定语，修饰后面的 services。故填 its。
77 ．考查现在分词。句意：据全球公司 IHS Markit 的科学预测，到 2030 年，中国自动驾驶出租车服务的 市场规模预计将达到 1.3 万亿元(1886 亿美元)，届时将占中国打车市场的 60%。根据句意和所给动词 account 分析句子可知，空格处应该填入 account 的非谓语形式作状语，动词短语 account for 和句子的主语 the market size for China’s self-driving taxi service 之间是主动关系，所以应该用现在分词 accounting 作状语。 故填 accounting。
78 ．考查形容词。句意：据全球公司 IHS Markit 的科学预测，到 2030 年，中国自动驾驶出租车服务的市 场规模预计将达到 1.3 万亿元(1886 亿美元)，届时将占中国打车市场的 60%。根据句意和所给名词 science 以及空格后的名词 forecasts 可知，空格处应该填入 science 的形容词形式 scientific 作定语，修饰后面的 forecasts。故填 scientific。
79 ．考查介词。句意：机器人出租车也有望为私人自动驾驶汽车的发展铺平道路，这有可能成为改变人们 生活的革命性技术。根据句意和空格前的 pave the way 可知，空格处应该填入介词 for，构成短语 pave the way for（为……铺平道路）。故填 for。
80 ．考查定语从句。句意：机器人出租车也有望为私人自动驾驶汽车的发展铺平道路，这有可能成为改变 人们生活的革命性技术。根据句意分析句子可知，空格后的部分是一个非限制性定语从句，对先行词 private autonomous vehicles 进行限定说明，该定语从句缺少主语，所以，空格处应该填入一个关系代词代替先行 词 private autonomous vehicles 在从句中作主语，所以应该用关系代词 which。故填 which。
（2023 春 ·河北沧州 · 高三统考阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正 确形式。
Tech giant Baidu 81 (announce) on Monday that it had obtained permits to operate fully autonomous taxis without any human 82 (assist) on board in two of China’s megacities (特大城市), marking 83
first for the country.
Baidu said it received the regulatory approvals for its autonomous ride-hailing service Apollo Go to operate on open roads during the daytime in Chongqing and Wuhan. The cities have populations of some 30 million and 11
million people, 84 (respective).
The move represents a notable step forward for Baidu and a potential shift in China’s comfort with the new technology. In other cities 85 the company’s robotaxis operate, Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen 86
(include), Baidu is required to have a human safety operator present in the vehicle.
The permits will allow Baidu 87 (provide) fully driverless robotaxi services in certain areas in Wuhan and in Chongqing. Service will be limited at first, though, with just five robotaxis 88 (operate)
then in each city.
In the United States, robotaxi offerings remain limited 89 numbers and ride-hailing giants like Uber
and Lyft have abandoned in-house self-driving taxi efforts.
In June, General Motors-backed Cruise gained permits in California to charge a fare for driverless rides in San Francisco. In July, 90 , Reuters reported that the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration opened
an investigation into a crash of a Cruise self-driving vehicle that resulted in minor injuries.
【 答案 】81 ．announced 82 ．assistants/assistance 83 ．a 84 ．respectively 85 ．where
86 ．included 87 ．to provide 88 ．operating 89 ．in 90 ．however
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。科技巨头百度周一宣布，该公司已获得在中国两个特大城市运营无人驾驶出 租车的许可，这是中国首次实现无人驾驶出租车。文章主要介绍了无人驾驶出租车的相关情况。
81 ．考查时态。句意：科技巨头百度周一宣布，该公司已获得在中国两个特大城市运营无人驾驶出租车的 许可，这是中国首次实现无人驾驶出租车。根据时间状语 on Monday 可知为一般过去时。故填 announced。 82 ．考查名词。句意：科技巨头百度周一宣布，该公司已获得在中国两个特大城市运营无人驾驶出租车的 许可，这是中国首次实现无人驾驶出租车。此处作宾语，表示“助手”可用 assistant 或 assistance 表示“ 帮 助” ，在否定句和疑问句中，any 多与不可数或复数名词连用。故填 assistants/assistance。
83 ．考查冠词。句意：科技巨头百度周一宣布，该公司已获得在中国两个特大城市运营无人驾驶出租车的 许可，这是中国首次实现无人驾驶出租车。first 可做名词，此句句意强调的是一个拿到了许可证的公司， 其实没有强调第一，而且，作第一讲，first 只能做形容词，the first 整体做名词句意也不对。故填 a。
84 ．考查副词。句意：这两个城市的人口分别为 3000 万和 1100 万。修饰动词应用副词 respectively，作状 语。故填 respectively。
85 ．考查定语从句。句意：在该公司的机器人出租车运营的其他城市，包括北京、上海和深圳，百度被要 求在车内配备一名人工安全操作人员。定语从句修饰先行词 cities，在从句中作地点状语，故用 where 引导。 故填 where。
86 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：在该公司的机器人出租车运营的其他城市，包括北京、上海和深圳，百度被 要求在车内配备一名人工安全操作人员。此处为独立主格结构，include 与 Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen 构成被动关系，故用过去分词形式。故填 included。
87 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：该许可证将允许百度在武汉和重庆的某些地区提供完全无人驾驶的机器人出 租车服务。allow…to do sth.表示“ 允许……做某事”。故填 to provide。
88 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：不过，最初的服务将是有限的，届时每个城市只运营 5 辆机器人出租车。此 处为 with 的复合结构，且 robotaxis 与 operate 构成主动关系，故用现在分词作宾补。故填 operating。
89 ．考查介词。句意：在美国，机器人出租车的数量仍然有限，优步和 Lyft 等叫车巨头已经放弃了内部自 动驾驶出租车的努力。表示在某方面用 in ，be limited in numbers 数量少。故填 in。
90 ．考查副词。句意：然而，今年 7 月，路透社报道称，美国国家公路交通安全管理局对一辆克鲁斯自动 驾驶汽车的事故展开了调查，事故造成轻伤。后文讲到被调查了，上下文出现了转折且由逗号隔开，应用 however。故填 however。
（2020 秋 · 山西运城 · 高三统考期中）阅读下面材料， 在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词） 或括号内单词的 正确形式。
CHANGCHUN, Oct. 21 (Xinhua)-Chinese train maker CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co., Ltd. on
Wednesday rolled out 91 new type of high-speed train 92 can run on different rail systems.
The train, with a standard speed of 400 km per hour, has been developed to cope 93 different rail
systems on international routes, 94 (make) international rail travel more convenient.
The company said the train can operate in temperatures between minus 50 degrees Celsius 95 50
degrees Celsius, and can also operate under different traction power supply systems and railway transportation
standards of different countries.
96 (base) on the prototype and technology, the company is ready to take orders for customized high-speed trains and train products according to the technical standards and operational requirements of various regions of the
world.
There are 97 (current) four main railway track standards around the world. When ordinary trains run
between countries with different gauges, they need to replace their train bogies, which takes time and effort.
As the new CRRC train 98 (equip) with gauge-changing bogies, it can change 99 (it) rail mode
during cross-border travel, greatly improving the 100 (efficient) of travel across rail systems.
【答案】91．a 92．which / that 93．with 94．making 95．and 96．Based 97．currently
98 ．is equipped 99 ．its 100 ．efficiency
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了中国列车制造商中国中车长春轨道车辆有限公司周三推出了一款 新型高速列车，该车可以在不同的轨道系统上运行，极大地提高了跨轨行驶的效率。
91 ．考查冠词。句意：新华社长春 10 月 21 日电—— 中国列车制造商中国中车长春轨道车辆有限公司周三
推出了一款新型高速列车，它可以在不同的轨道系统上运行。根据名词 type 可知此处要用不定冠词，表示 “一款” ，且 new 是以辅音音素发音开头的单词，应用 a。故填 a。
92 ．考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：新华社长春 10 月 21 日电—— 中国列车制造商中国中车长春轨道车 辆有限公司周三推出了一款新型高速列车，可以在不同的轨道系统上运行。此处是一个定语从句，先行词 为 train，指物，由定语从句缺少主语，可知此处要用关系代词 which / that。故填 which / that。
93 ．考查介词。句意：该列车的标准速度为每小时 400 公里，是为了适应国际航线上不同的铁路系统而开 发的，使国际铁路旅行更加方便。短语 cope with“处理，应付” ，是固定搭配。故填 with。
94 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：该列车的标准速度为每小时 400 公里，是为了适应国际航线上不同的铁路系 统而开发的，使国际铁路旅行更加方便。分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词；结合句意可知，此处表自 然而然的结果，应用现在分词作结果状语。故填 making。
95 ．考查连词。句意：该公司表示，该列车可以在零下 50 摄氏度到 50 摄氏度的温度下运行，还可以在不 同国家的不同牵引供电系统和铁路运输标准下运行。分析可知，此处 between minus 50 degrees Celsius 和 50 degrees Celsius 表示并列关系，因此用 and，短语 between...and...“在......和......之间”。故填 and。
96 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：公司以原型和技术为基础，根据世界各地的技术标准和运行要求，承接定制 的高速列车和列车产品的订单。分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，base 和 the company 之间是 逻辑动宾关系，故此处要用过去分词。故填 Based。
97 ．考查副词。句意：目前世界上有四种主要的铁路轨道标准。根据谓语动词 There are可知此处要用副词 作状语。故填 currently。
98 ．考查时态和语态。句意：由于中国中车列车配备了变轨转架，可以在跨境行驶时改变轨道模式，大大 提高了跨轨行驶的效率。由上文可知时态是一般现在时，设空处为原因状语从句的谓语动词，主语 the new CRRC train 与 equip 之间是被动关系，故要用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是单数，be 动词用 is。故填 is
equipped。
99 ．考查代词。句意：由于中国中车列车配备了变轨转架，可以在跨境行驶时改变轨道模式，大大提高了 跨轨行驶的效率。根据名词 rail mode 可知，此处要用形容词性代词，作定语。故填 its。
100 ．考查名词。句意：由于中国中车列车配备了变轨转架，可以在跨境行驶时改变轨道模式，大大提高了 跨轨行驶的效率。根据冠词 the，可知此处要用名词作 improve 的宾语，efficiency“效率”是不可数名词。故 填 efficiency。
（2020 秋 · 江苏扬州 · 高三扬州市江都区大桥高级中学校考阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适 当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On paper, Laos seems to have all to attract international tourists. It owns mighty waterfalls, golden temples
and nearly two dozen national parks.
But the land-locked country welcomed only 4.2 million visitors in 2016 — a small 101 (achieve)in comparison with its southeastern Asian neighbors. In that same year, there 102 (be)32 million tourists in Thailand, 26. 8 million in Malaysia and over 10 million in Vietnam—all countries boasting their long and 103 (impress)beaches. As for Laos, its main problem is its lack of the three Ss—sun, sand and sea. 104 , things
seem to change now.
A high-speed rail link between Laos and China 105 (expect)to open in 2022, with the purpose of
attracting more tourists.
The country is making a bold attempt to overcome this natural deficit by becoming the first foreign country to use Chinese technology, equipment and investment 106 (connect)with the giant nation's domestic fast and
vast rail network.
If all goes as planned, Laos will be the first stop on one route of the Pan-Asia Railway, 107 aim is to connect China with all of Southeast Asia. With trains 108 (run) at speeds of up to 125 miles per hour, the
inconvenience of carrying both passengers and cargo in the mountainous areas 109 (overcome) greatly.
If so, 110 those who enjoy hiking, now it could be the last chance to experience an undeveloped part of
Southeast Asia before it joins its neighbors in boosting its tourism.
【答案】101 ．achievement 102 ．were 103 ．impressive 104 ．However 105 ．is expected
106 ．to connect 107 ．whose 108 ．running 109 ．will be overcome 110 ．for
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要围绕老挝的旅游业展开论述。老挝地处内陆，但是通过和中国在技术、 设备和投资方面的合作，借助泛亚铁路，它的旅游业将会迎来蓬勃的发展。
101 ．考查名词。句意：但是这个内陆国家在 2016 年只接待了 420 万游客——与它的东南亚邻国相比，这 是一个小成就。根据上文 a small 可知应填单数名词 achievement，表示“成就”。故填 achievement。
102 ．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：同年，泰国有 3200 万游客，马来西亚有 2680 万游客，越南有 1000 多 万游客——所有这些国家都以其漫长而令人印象深刻的海滩而自豪。根据上文 In the same year(在同一年） 指的是 2016 年可知应用一般过去时，且 there be 句型中，谓语动词的单复数形式通常和邻近的主语 32 million tourists 保持一致，应用复数。故填 were。
103 ．考查形容词。句意同上。修饰后文名词 beaches 应用形容词 impressive，作定语。故填 impressive。
104 ．考查副词。句意：然而，现在情况似乎有所改变。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，且由逗号隔开， 应用 however。句首单词首字母要大写。故填 However。
105 ．考查动词时态语态。句意：老挝和中国之间的高速铁路预计将于 2022 年开通，以吸引更多的游客。 主语和动词 expect（期待）之间为逻辑上的被动关系，且本句为一般现在时，故应用一般现在时的被动语 态，主语为 A high-speed rail link between Laos and China，谓语动词用单数。故填 is expected。
106 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：这个国家正在进行一项大胆的尝试，以克服这一自然缺陷，成为第一个使用 中国技术、设备和投资来连接中国国内快速而庞大的铁路网的国家。分析句子结构可知 connect 在句中应 用非谓语动词形式，且本句中作目的状语，应用不定式。故填 to connect。
107．考查定语从句。句意：如果一切按计划进行，老挝将成为连接中国和整个东南亚的泛亚铁路的第一站。 此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词 Pan-Asia Railway，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词 whose。故填 whose。
108 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：列车运行时速可达 125 公里，将大大克服山区客货两用的不便。此处是“with +宾语+宾语补足语”复合结构作状语，trains 和 run 是逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词表主动，做宾语补 足语。故填 running。
109 ．考查动词时态语态。句意同上。结合语境可知表示将来要发生的动作应用一般将来时，且主语与谓语 动词构成被动关系，故应用一般将来时的被动语态。故填 will be overcome。
110 ．考查介词。句意：如果是这样的话，对于那些喜欢徒步旅行的人来说，这可能是在东南亚与其邻国一 起促进旅游业发展之前，最后一次体验这个不发达地区的机会了。此处表“对于某人来说”，还原此句为 now it could be the last chance for those who enjoy hiking to experience an undeveloped part of Southeast Asia 使
用了固定句型 it be+名词+ for sb. to do sth.（对某人来说，干某事……）。 故填 for。
（2023 春 · 高三单元测试）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has once again showed its ability to change the world with its “four new great 111 (invent)”—
high-speed rail, mobile payment, shared bicycle, and online shopping.
China’s new-generation high-speed train, the Fuxing, is now one of the 112 (fast) trains in the world, which can travel at a speed of 350 km/h. Besides high-speed rail, China 113 (improve) people’s lives in
many other innovative ways over the last decade.
Bike sharing, for example, is not new itself. But China has made 114 much more convenient and popular both in China 115 overseas. Leading Chinese bike-sharing companies are now operating in
foreign countries such as Singapore and Britain.
And back in China, when riding a shared bike, you can stop 116 (buy) and eat whatever you want 117 (simple) with a tap of your phone. You could easily pay with your smartphone by 118 (scan) the seller’s QR code. Mobile payment has grown into a 119 (choose) for Chinese people — even a pancake
seller is using it.
Besides, the four innovative ways of life are most appealing 120 youths from other countries, and
they wish their countries would go further in terms of technological achievement.
【答案】111．inventions 112．fastest 113．has improved 114．it 115 ．and 116．to buy
117 ．simply 118 ．scanning 119 ．choice 120 ．to
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了影响中国的新四项发明：高速列车，电子支付，共享单车，网上 购物。
111 ．考查名词复数。句意：中国凭借其“新四大发明”——高铁、移动支付、共享单车和网上购物，再次展 示了其改变世界的能力。形容词性物主代词 its 修饰名词，空处需填名词作宾语，invention“发明” ，可数名 词，four 修饰可数名词复数形式。故填 inventions。
112 ．考查形容词最高级。句意：中国新一代高速列车“复兴号”是目前世界上速度最快的列车之一，时速可 达 350 公里。“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”为固定结构，表示“最…… 的……之一” ，空处需填形容 词最高级 fastest。故填 fastest。
113 ．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：除了高铁，中国在过去十年里还以许多其他创新的方式改善了人们 的生活。根据时间状语 over the last decade 可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语为 China，助动词用 has。故 填 has improved。
114 ．考查代词。句意：但中国已经使它在中国和海外变得更加方便和流行。空处作宾语，指代上文的 Bike sharing，需用代词 it。故填 it。
115 ．考查连词。句意同上。both…and…为固定搭配，表示“两者都”。故填 and。
116 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：而在中国，当你骑着共享单车时，只要轻按一下手机，你就可以停下来买东 西、吃东西。此处表示停车去买，应用动词短语 stop to do sth.“停下来做某事”。故填 to buy。
117 ．考查副词。句意同上。设空处修饰介词短语“with a tap of your phone”，应用副词。故填 simply。
118 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：你可以用智能手机扫描卖家的二维码轻松付款。介词 by 后面接动名词 scanning，作宾语。故填 scanning。
119 ．考查名词。句意：移动支付已经成为中国人的一种选择——甚至连卖煎饼的人都在使用它。不定冠词
a 修饰单数可数名词，空处需填名词 choice，作宾语。故填 choice。
120 ．考查介词。句意：此外，这四种创新的生活方式对其他国家的年轻人最具吸引力，他们希望自己的国 家在科技成就方面走得更远。appeal to 为固定搭配，表示“ 吸引”。故填 to。
（2023 春 ·广东 · 高三鹤山市鹤华中学校考阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号 内单词的正确形式。
China has built a high-speed passenger rail network in recent 121 (year) and will continue to expand it. By the end of 2018, China’s high-speed railway mileage ( 总长度) 122 (reach) 29,000 kilometres. This accounted for 2/3 of the world’s total high-speed rail tracks, 123 (make) China’s high-speed rail system
become the world’s 124 (large) high-speed rail network.
China’s high-speed trains are similar 125 those of France’s TGV, German’s ICE and Japan’s
Shinkansen. The fast train 126 top speed is 250-350 km/h is called CRH, China Railway High-speed.
If you want to travel around China, the high-speed trains will be your ideal choice since they are clean, comfortable 127 modern. Unlike the old trains in the past in China, nobody is allowed 128 (smoke)
on high-speed trains, not even between carriages.
The seats are as good as those on the plane or even better. Most high-speed rail tickets have corresponding (对 应的) seats, and only 129 small number of standing tickets are sometimes sold on limited trains. The ticket
prices for China’s high-speed trains are reasonable, and people can buy tickets 130 (convenient).
【答案】121 ．years 122 ．had reached 123 ．making 124 ．largest 125 ．to 126 ．whose
127 ．and 128 ．to smoke 129 ．a 130 ．conveniently
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国高速铁路系统的发展和优势。
121 ．考查固定短语。句意：近年来，中国已经建成了高速客运铁路网并将继续扩大。分析句子可知，句中 涉及固定短语“in recent years”，意为“近年来，最近几年中” ，故空格处应用“year”的复数形式“years”。故 填 years。
122 ．考查时态。句意：截至 2018 年底，中国高速铁路里程已达 2.9 万公里。根据句意和句中“By the end of 2018”可知， 句中动作截至到过去某一时间已经完成， 故应用过去完成时， 谓语动词为“had done”，
“reach”意为“达到” ，动词词性，过去分词为“reached”，故空格处应填“had reached”。故填 had reached。
123 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：这占世界高铁总轨道的 2/3，使中国高铁系统成为世界上最大的高铁网络。
分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“accounted”且句中无连词，故空格处应用非谓语动词，根据句意可知，句 中“使中国高铁系统成为世界上最大的高铁网络”为自然而然的结果，故应用现在分词作结果状语，“make” 的现在分词为“making”。故填 making。
124 ．考查形容词最高级。句意：这占世界高铁总轨道的 2/3，使中国高铁系统成为世界上最大的高铁网络。 分析句子可知，空格处应用形容词，作定语，根据句意和句中“the world’s”可知，句中指“世界上最大的高 铁网络” ，应用形容词的最高级，“large”意为“大的” ，形容词词性，最高级为“largest”。故填 largest。
125 ．考查固定短语。句意：中国的高速列车类似于法国的 TGV、德国的 ICE 和日本的新干线。分析句子 可知，句中涉及固定短语“be similar to…”，意为“类似于……” ，故空格处应填“to”。故填 to。
126 ．考查定语从句。句意：最高速度为 250-350 公里/小时的快速列车被称为 CRH，中国铁路高速列车。 分析句子可知，句子为限制性定语从句，先行词为“fast train”，指物，在从句中作定语，即“fast train’s speed is 250-350 km/h”，故应用关系代词“whose”引导从句。故填 whose。
127 ．考查连词。句意：如果你想环游中国，高速列车将是你的理想选择，因为它们干净、舒适和现代化。 分析句子可知，句中“舒适”和“现代化”之间为并列关系，都是高速列车的优点，故应用连词“and”连接，表 并列。故填 and。
128 ．考查固定短语。句意：与中国过去的旧火车不同，任何人都不允许在高速列车上吸烟，即使是在车厢 之间也不行。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“allow sb. to do sth.”，意为“ 允许某人做某事” ，句中“sb.” 提前，为被动形式，“smoke”意为“ 吸烟” ，动词词性，故空格处应填“to smoke”。故填 to smoke。
129 ．考查固定短语。句意：大多数高铁车票都有相应的座位，只有少量的站票有时在有限的列车上出售。 分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“a small number of…”，意为“少量的……” ，故空格处应用不定冠词“a”。 故填 a。
130 ．考查副词。句意：中国的高铁票价合理，人们可以方便地买票。分析句子可知，句中“buy”为动词， 应用副词修饰，“convenient”为形容词，对应的副词为“conveniently”，意为“方便地”，作状语。故填conveniently。
（2022·辽宁鞍山 ·鞍山一中校考模拟预测）阅读下面短文， 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正 确形式。
A maglev (磁悬浮) bullet train that can reach speeds of 600 kilometers per hour (373 miles per hour) has made its debut (亮相) in Qingdao, China.
131 (develop) by the state-owned China Railway Rolling Stock Corporation, its considered the
world’s 132 (fast) train.
Liang Jianying, deputy general manager and chief engineer of CRRC Sifang, told Chinese state media that in addition to its speed, 133 train emits (排放) low levels of noise pollution and requires less maintenance
than other high-speed trains.
A prototype (原型) of the new maglev train 134 (reveal) to media in 2019. That same year, China
announced 135 (ambition) plans to create “3-hour transportation circles” between major metropolitan
areas.
High-speed rail is a major priority in China, 136 aims to connect more of its large cities by train
137 (reduce) the time and expense required to travel around the world’s most populous country.
138 (current), the average high-speed train in China can run at about 350 kph, while planes fly at
800-900 kph. Trains like the one unveiled in Qingdao this week could fill a critical middle space.
Several new maglev networks are reportedly under 139 (construct), including one linking Shanghai
and Hangzhou and 140 connecting Chengdu and Chongqing.
【 答案 】131 ．Developed 132 ．fastest 133 ．the 134 ．was revealed 135 ．ambitious
136 ．which 137 ．to reduce 138 ．Currently 139 ．construction 140 ．another
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国高铁的迅速发展，其中一辆时速可达 600 公里(373 英里) 的磁悬浮子弹列车在中国青岛首次亮相，它也被认为是世界上最快的列车。
131 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：它由国有的中国铁路车辆公司开发，被认为是世界上最快的列车。句中已有 谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。主句主语 it 与 develop 之间存在被动关系，用过去分词形式作状语。 出现在句首，首字母大写。故填 Developed。
132 ．考查形容词最高级。句意：它由国有的中国铁路车辆公司开发，被认为是世界上最快的列车。根据下 文可知，中国高铁的平均时速约为 350 公里，而这个磁悬浮子弹列车速度达到了 600 公里，所以这是最快
的列车，用形容词最高级形式。故填 fastest。
133 ．考查冠词。句意：中车四方副总经理兼总工程师梁建英对中国官方媒体说，除了速度之外，这种列车 产生的噪音污染较低，比其他高铁需要的维护更少。这种列车是再次提到，为特指，所以用定冠词 the。故 填 the。
134 ．考查时态和语态。句意：2019 年，新型磁悬浮列车的原型向媒体披露。根据“in 2019”可知，时态为 一般过去时；主语为单数名词 prototype，和谓语动词 reveal 之间存在被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动 语态。故填 was revealed。
135．考查形容词。句意：同年，中国宣布了在主要都市圈之间建立“3 小时交通圈” 的宏伟计划。修饰名词 plans 用形容词形式。故填 ambitious。
136．考查定语从句。句意：在中国，高铁是一项重要的优先事项。中国的目标是用火车连接更多的大城市， 以减少在世界上人口最多的国家旅行所需的时间和费用。句中先行词为 China，在定语从句中担当主语， 所以用关系代词 which 引导。故填 which。
137 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国，高铁是一项重要的优先事项。中国的目标是用火车连接更多的大城 市， 以减少在世界上人口最多的国家旅行所需的时间和费用。担当目的状语，用动词不定式。故填 to
reduce。
138 ．考查副词。句意： 目前，中国高铁的平均时速约为 350 公里，而飞机的飞行时速为 800-900 公里。句 子的状语用副词形式，出现在句首，首字母大写。故填 Currently。
139 ．考查名词。句意：据报道，几条新的磁悬浮网络正在建设中，其中一条连接上海和杭州，另一条连接 成都和重庆。短语：under construction 在建设中。故填 construction。
140 ．考查代词。句意：据报道，几条新的磁悬浮网络正在建设中，其中一条连接上海和杭州，另一条连接 成都和重庆。根据上文的“Several new maglev networks”可知，有几条新的磁悬浮网络在建。one...another… 一个…… ，另外一个……。故填 another。
（2022 春 · 辽宁 · 高三辽宁实验中学校考期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词 的正确形式。
As the countdown to the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics continues, the new high-speed railway line 141 （connect ）the capital with Olympic host city Zhangjiakou has just entered service. It cuts the travel time 142 the two from three hours to 47 minutes. But this isn’t just another bullet train. This beauty, part of China’s Fuxing series, can run up to 350 kilometers per hour without a driver, 143 （say ）to be the world’s first smart
high-speed railway.
So what makes them “smart” Well, the carriages 144 （equip）with 5G signals, intelligent lighting and sensors to collect real-time data and detect any operational abnormalities. Meanwhile, each individual seat has 145 （it ）own touch-screen control panel and wireless charging docks. Though the high-speed trains on the
route are autonomous, 146 monitoring driver will be on board at all times. The trains can 147
（automatic）start, stop and adjust to the different speed 148 （limit）between stations. Back at the station,
robots and facial recognition technologies can help passengers with directions, luggage and paperless check-ins.
Today, China is home to the world’s largest high-speed rail network, and the 149 （fast）commercially operating train—the Shanghai maglev. According to the China State Railway Group, 1,036 Fuxing bullet trains
have been put into operation since 2017, 150 the series were first launched.
【答案】141 ．connecting 142 ．between 143 ．said 144 ．are equipped 145 ．its 146 ．a
147 ．automatically 148 ．limits 149 ．fastest 150 ．when
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。随着 2022 年北京奥运会倒计时的继续，连接首都和奥运会主办城市张家口的 新高速铁路刚刚投入使用。文章介绍了高铁的情况。
141 ．考查现在分词。句意：随着 2022 年北京冬奥会倒计时的继续，连接首都和奥运会主办城市张家口的 新高速铁路刚刚投入使用。connect 和它所修饰的词 line 之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故 填 connecting。
142 ．考查介词。句意：它将两辆车之间的旅行时间从 3 小时缩短到 47 分钟。根据句意则指，空格处填介 词，指“两个城市之间” ；between 意为“两者之间” ，故填 between。
143 ．考查过去分词。句意：这条美丽的高速铁路是中国复兴系列的一部分，在没有司机的情况下时速可达 350 公里，据说是世界上第一条智能高铁。分析句子可知，say 和句子主语 This beauty, part of China'sFuxing series 之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填 said。
144 ．考查时态语态。句意：车厢配备了 5G 信号、智能照明和传感器，以收集实时数据，并检测任何运行 异常。根据固定搭配 be equipped with 意为“配备着” ，可知用被动语态，描述现状，所以用一般现在时态， 主语为复数名词。故填 are equipped。
145 ．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：同时，每个座位都有自己的触摸屏控制面板和无线充电座。放在名词 前面，所以用形容词性物主代词。故填 its。
146 ．考查冠词。句意：虽然这条线路上的高速列车是自动驾驶的，但司机会一直在车上监控。分析句子可 知，主句中 dirver 是可数名词且为单数形式，空格处需填冠词，此处是泛指，故填 a。
147 ．考查副词。句意：列车可自动启动、停车和调整，以适应车站之间不同的速度限制。修饰动词，所以 用副词。空后是动词 start，故填 automatically。
148 ．考查名词的数。句意：列车可自动启动、停车和调整，以适应车站之间不同的速度限制。作介词的宾 语，所以用名词；空格处前有 different 修饰，需用名词复数。故填 limits。
149 ．考查形容词最高级。句意：如今，中国拥有世界上最大的高速铁路网络和最快的商业运营列车——上 海磁悬浮列车。和前面的 largest 一样，表示“最快的” ，所以用形容词最高级作定语。故填 fastest。
150 ．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：据中国国家铁路集团称， 自 2017 年复兴号动车组首次推出以来，已 有 1036 列复兴号动车组投入运行。分析可知，空白处及之后内容为非限制性定语从句，先行词为时间名词 2017，在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语。故填 when。
（2022 秋 ·湖北武汉 · 高三统考期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形 式。
China has built a high-speed passenger rail network in recent years and will continue to enlarge 151 (rapid). By the end of 2017, China's railway mileage 152 (reach) 127, 000 kilometers, and 25,000 km of it
are high-speed rail, 153 makes China's high-speed system the world's 154 (large) high-speed
network.
China’s high-speed trains are similar to those of France's TGV, Germany’s ICE and Japan's Shinkansen. The
fast trains with 155 top speed of 250 - 350km/h are called CRH, China Railway High-speed.
If you want to travel around China, the high-speed trains will be your ideal vehicle since they are clean,
comfortable and modern. Unlike the traditional trains in China, no smoking 156 (allow) on high-speed trains,
not even between carriages.
To meet the 157 (require) of different passengers, the high-speed railway operators have divided CRH tickets into three types. They are business, first class and second class. There's never a mad crowd with many
people 158 (sit) in the aisles as well as in seats.
The ticket prices for China's high-speed trains are reasonable 159 , on most routes, the frequency of
departure is very high, so it's quite convenient for people 160 (buy) tickets.
【答案】151．rapidly 152．had reached 153．which 154．largest 155．a 156．is allowed
157 ．requirements 158 ．sitting 159 ．and 160 ．to buy
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国高铁的发展成就、高铁列车的类型和作用或意义。
151 ．考查副词。句意：近年来，中国已经建成了高速客运铁路网，并将继续快速扩张。修饰动词 enlarge 用副词修饰，rapidly 快速地。故填 rapidly。
152 ．考查动词时态。句意：截至 2017 年底，中国的铁路里程已达到 12.7 万公里，其中 2.5 万公里是高铁， 这使中国的高铁系统成为世界上最大的高铁网络。根据 By the end of 2017，结合上下文，可知此处动词用 过去完成时时态，had reached 已经达到，符合题意。故填 had reached。
153 ．考查定语从句。句意：截至 2017 年底，中国的铁路里程已达到 12.7 万公里，其中 2.5 万公里是高铁， 这使中国的高铁系统成为世界上最大的高铁网络。分析句子结构，此句为非限制性定语从句，前面句子在 从句作主语，用关系代词 which 引导。故填 which。
154 ．考查形容词最高级。句意：截至 2017 年底，中国的铁路里程已达到 12.7 万公里，其中 2.5 万公里是 高铁，这使中国的高铁系统成为世界上最大的高铁网络。根据句意，此处表达“最大的”，用形容词 large 的 最高级形式 largest（最大的）。故填 largest。
155 ．考查冠词。句意：最高时速为 250-350km/h 的高速列车被称为 CRH，中国铁路高速列车。根据句子 结构，a topspeed of… 以一个……最高时速，固定搭配。故填 a。
156 ．考查动词语态和时态。句意：与中国的传统火车不同，高速火车上甚至车厢之间都不允许吸烟。分析 句子结构，此处作谓语动词，与主语 no smoking 构成被动关系，谓语动词用单数形式，is allowed 被允许， 符合题意。故填 is allowed。
157 ．考查名词。句意：为了满足不同乘客的需求，高铁运营商将 CRH 车票分为三种类型。分析句子结构， 此处作动词 meet 的宾语，结合后面介词 of 和 different passengers，可知此处用名词复数形式，requirements 要求。故填 requirements。
158 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：从来没有一个疯狂的人群有很多人坐在过道和座位上。分析句子结构，此处 为介词 with 的复合结构，与名词 many people 构成主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填 sitting。
159 ．考查连词。句意：中国高铁的票价是合理的，在大多数线路上，发车频率非常高，因此人们购票非常 方便。根据句意和结构， 前句 The ticket prices for China's high-speed trains are reasonable 与后句 the frequency of departure is very high 构成并列关系，用连词 and。故填 and。
160 ．考查不定式。句意：中国高铁的票价是合理的，在大多数线路上，发车频率非常高，因此人们购票非 常方便。分析句子结构， it 作形式主语，此处作真正主语为不定式短语。it +be +adj. +（for sb）+to do sth. 固定句型。故填 to buy。
（2022 春 ·河南 · 高三校联考阶段练习） 阅读下面短文， 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形 式。
The total number of China-Europe cargo ( 货 物)train trips has exceeded 50,000 as a cargo train left the southwestern city of Chengdu on January 29, 161 (office) data showed, a stable contribution to the global
supply chain.
The value of goods 162 (transport) by the cargo service skyrocketed to $ 74.9 billion in 2023. From 2016 to 2023, the China-Europe Railway Express had an increase of 55 percent on average 163 (year), extending to 180 cities in 23 countries in the Europe, and the items have expanded from IT 164 (product) such as mobile phones and notebook computers at the 165 (begin), to more than 50000 items, including
auto parts, vehicles, chemicals, electro-mechanicals, food, alcohol, and wood.
The China-Europe cargo train serves 166 a crucial link for trade and economic cooperation across the Eurasian region. It 167 (run) smoothly since 2020, as the world is

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