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2024 年高考高三英语语法填空——保护海洋环境话题
【2021 新课标 II 卷】I've always loved the ocean. In the 56 (seven) grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, 57
(think) it is food.
I decided to do something 58 (educate) people about this problem. I held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too. I decided that if I learned of a company 59
used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
One day, I saw a commercial for a health-care company. People in the ad were using plastic straws （吸管） . I found the contact information of the company 60 emailed its president. I told him how 61 (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. I was so 62
(excite) when he wrote back to me.He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.
I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to 63 (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. A company 64 (represent) wrote back and told me the
airline was switching over 65 plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
【答案】56. seventh 57. thinking 58. to educate 59. which##that 60. and 61. harmful 62. excited 63. was 64.
representative 65. from
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章作者讲述了自己为了保护海洋，减少塑料垃圾所做出的努力。
56.考查序数词。句意：七年级的时候，我开始在加州的蒙特利湾水族馆做志愿者。 表示“七年级” 用序数
词，所以填 seventh。
57.考查非谓语动词。句意：当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾，以为那是食物时，我很难过。分析句子结 构， 57 (think)it is food.用作状语，think 与其逻辑主语 many sea animals 之间是主动关系，用现在 分词，所以填 thinking。
58.考查非谓语动词。句意：我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构， 58 (educate) people about this problem.用作目的状语，用不定式，所以填 to educate。
59.考查定语从句。句意：我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使 用塑料。分析句子结构， 59 used a lot of plastic 是一个定语从句，修饰先行词 a company，关系 词在从句中作主语，指物，用 which 或 that 引导该从句，所以填 which 或 that。
60.考查连词。句意：我找到了这家公司的联系方式，并给公司总裁发了电子邮件。“found”和“emailed”之 间是并列关系，用 and 连接两个并列的谓语动词，所以填 and。
61.考查形容词。句意：我告诉他塑料对环境的危害，并请他考虑使用更环保的产品。该处为 how 引导的感 叹句，how 之后接形容词，所以填 harmful。
62.考查形容词。句意：当他给我回信时，我很兴奋。该空作 was 之后的表语，用形容词，修饰人，用 v+ed 形式的形容词，所以填 excited。
63.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓 语动词“wrote” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数
结构中，谓语动词用单数，所以填 was。
64.考查名词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天 1200 个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空 作句子主语，用名词，前面有不定冠词修饰，用名词单数，所以填 representative。
65.考查介词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天 1200 个航班从塑料杯换成纸杯。 from sth to sth 从...到..., 所以填 from。
【China Daily 原创】
Japan's release of water puts world in danger
chinadaily. | Updated: 2023-08-28 11:12
The international community 1 (astonish) by Japan's action to discharge nuclear-contaminated water from Fukushima plant into the Pacific on August 24, 2023. This move occurred despite the widespread protests and
oppositions from 2 (nation) across the Asia-Pacific.
Japan's action is seen as a display of extreme self-interest and irresponsibility, with 3 potential to inflict immeasurable harm upon the ocean ecosystem. The consequences are far-reaching, extending to safety risks in our food chain, the emergence of novel illnesses, and an increased likelihood of cancer cases among humans. 4 (ultimate), such a course of action jeopardizes the fate of our planet, 5 (cast) a shadow of uncertainty
over its future.
The radioactive water is discharged into the Pacific resulting from the Fukushima nuclear leakage 6 (cause) by submarine earthquake in 2011. Japan's 2011 nuclear leak disaster ranks among the 7 (bad)
nuclear incidents in history, resulting 8 substantial leakage of radioactive substances.
On August 24, the Tokyo Electric Power Company, 9 is responsible for the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, initiated the water discharge process through remote operation from the plant's monitoring room. As outlined in Tepco's discharge plan, about 460 tons of such water will be released daily for 17 days, with a gradual increase planned thereafter. The timeline provided by the Japanese government and TEPCO indicates that
this oceanic discharge process is expected 10 (last) at least 30 years.
【答案】
1. was astonished 2. nations 3. the 4. Ultimately 5. casting 6. caused 7. worst 8. in 9. which 10. to last
【2023 秋 · 高三课前预习】阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Plastic pollution at sea is reaching worrying levels. According to a review of hundreds of academic 21
(study), it will continue to grow even if significant action is taken now to stop such waste from reaching the world’s
oceans. The review by Germany’s Alfred Wegener Institute examined almost 2, 600 research papers on the topic
22 (provide) an overview ahead of a United Nations meeting later this month.
As plastic breaks down into smaller pieces, it also enters the marine food chain and 23 (take) in by sea creatures from whales to turtles. What’s worse, some regions already contain dangerous levels of plastic, and others risk becoming 24 (increasing) polluted in the future. Getting that plastic out of the water again 25 (be) nearly impossible, so policymakers should focus on preventing any more of it entering the oceans in 26 first place. Matthew MacLcod, a professor of environmental science at Stockholm University, was involved 27 a separate study not long ago, and also concluded effective measures, 28 are required immediately
because of the possible global impacts.
While consumers can help reduce plastic pollution by 29 (change) their behavior, governments have to step up and accept every responsibility for solving the problem. It’s such a serious problem 30 it needs
global solutions.
【答案】21 ．studies 22 ．to provide 23 ．is taken 24 ．increasingly 25 ．is 26 ．the
27 ．in 28 ．which 29 ．changing 30 ．that
【导语】本文是说明文。文章分析了海洋塑料污染问题并提出了一些解决方案。
21 ．考查名词复数。句意：根据对数百项学术研究的回顾, 即使现在采取重大行动阻止此类废物进入世界海 洋, 其排放量仍将继续增长。根据该空前形容词 academic 可知,此空应填名词,且前有短语 hundreds of 修 饰,用复数形式,故填 studies。
22 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：德国阿尔弗雷德 韦格纳研究所分析了近 2600 篇关于这个主题的研究论文, 为本月晚些时候举行的联合国会议提供了一个概述。分析句子结构可知, 句子主 干为“The review. . .
examined. . . ”, provide 在句中应充当非谓语, 根据句意可知，设空处应用动词不定式做目的状语,故填 to
provide。
23 ．考查谓语动词。句意：随着塑料分解成更小的碎片, 它会进入海洋食物链, 然后被从鲸 鱼到海龟的海 洋生物吸收。由句中的并列连词 and 可知, 两句为并列句, 前句谓语动词为 enters, 为一般现在时, 故设空 处应用一般现在时, 再根据主语 it 与 take 是被动关系, 故填 is taken。
24 ．考查副词。句意：更糟糕的是, 一些地区的塑料含量已经达到了危险的水平, 而另一些地区未来肯定会 受到越来越严重的污染。分析句子可知，此处用副词修饰动词 polluted,，作状语，故填 increasingly。
25 ．考查主谓一致和时态。句意：把塑料垃圾再次从水里打捞起来几乎是不可能的, ，因此决策者应该把阻
止塑料垃圾进入海洋放在第一位。根据句意可知，句子主语为 “Getting that plastic out of the water again ”,句中缺少谓语动词,根据语境可知,应用一般现在时, 故填 is。
26 ．考查冠词。句意：把塑料垃圾再次从水里打捞起来几乎是不可能的, ，因此决策者应该把阻止塑料垃圾 进入海洋放在第一位。设空处后的名词 place 有序数词 first 修饰,应用定冠词, in the first place 意为“首先， 首要的是 ”，为固定短语搭配故填 the。
27 ．考查介词。句意：斯德哥尔摩大学环境科学教授马修 麦克劳德不久前也参与了另一项研究,并得出了 有效的措施, 由于海洋塑料污染可能产生的全球影响,需要立即采取这些措施。was involved in 为固定搭配, 意为“参与”,故填 in。
28 ．考查关系代词。句意：斯德哥尔摩大学环境科学教授马修 麦克劳德不久前也参与了另一项研究,并得 出了有效的措施, 由于海洋塑料污染可能产生的全球影响,需要立即采取这些措施。设空处引导非限制性定语 从句，修饰先行词 measures ，且关系词在从句中充当主语, 故填 which。
29 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然消费者可以通过改变他们的行为来帮助减少塑料污染 , 政府必须站出来， 承担解决问题的每一项责任。句中的 can help reduce 为谓语动词,设空处应使用非谓语动词,设空处前有介 词 by ,故应填动名词做宾语,故填 changing。
30 ．考查连词。句意：这是一个非常严重的问题，需要全球性的解决方案。such + a/an + adj. + n + that 从 句，表示“如此...... 以至于 ”，引导状语从句，故填 that。
【2023 春 · 黑龙江大庆 · 高三校考】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Beaches across the planet share many features: sand, water, ocean gentle winds — and plastic. At Floyd Bennett Field, the coastal area 31 artist Barry Rosenthal goes collecting, rubbish piles up fast and in layers, as if at an archaeological (考古的) site.
Plastics will indeed be the product of our age, 32 (particular) in oceans where the material goes into ecosystems and floats around the world. More than millions and millions of pieces of plastic already fill the seas,
with some nine million tons 33 (add) each year.
Rosenthal observed how bottles, 34 (toy), and food boxes fade, wear out, yet never disappear. He
started building and photographing sculptures ( 雕像) of ocean trash to illustrate the problem of ocean pollution. Finally he began to gather the rubbish to use as his art materials, cleaning 35 small part of the coast over and over again. “I started to just collect as much as I could and go back to my studio to sort 36 out,” he
says. Each sculpture has a theme, by color, shape, or intended use, such as the oil containers.
A project begun for aesthetics (美学) has got a 37 (two) purpose: raising social and environmental awareness. Over the last few years, Rosenthal 38 (tour) to speak about ocean pollution and what might help clean it up. The most 39 (meaning) advance, he says, would be to rethink our method of consuming (消费).
“We need a change in all packaging design 40 (make) people feel good,” he says.
【答案】31 ．where 32 ．particularly 33 ．added 34 ．toys 35 ．a 36 ．it 37 ．second
38 ．has toured/has been touring 39 ．meaningful 40 ．to make
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。艺术家罗森塔尔通过制作和拍摄海洋垃圾雕塑，来说明海洋污染问题，提高 人们的社会和环保意识。
31 ．考查定语从句。句意：在艺术家巴里 · 罗森塔尔收集垃圾的沿海地区弗洛伊德 · 贝内特菲尔德，垃圾堆积 得很快，层层叠叠，就像在考古现场一样。空格后的部分是一个定语从句，对先行词 area 进行限定说明， 关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作状语，表示地点，所以空格处应该填入关系副词 where 引导定语从句。
故填 where。
32 ．考查副词。句意：塑料确实是我们这个时代的产物，特别是在海洋中，这些材料进入生态系统并漂浮 在世界各地。根据句意和所给形容词 particular 分析句子可知，空格处应该填入副词 particularly 作状语， 强调下文的地点状语 in oceans。故填 particularly。
33 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：数以百万计的塑料碎片已经填满了海洋，每年增加约 900 万吨。空格处应该 用 add 的非谓语形式在 with 复合结构中作补足语，some nine million tons 和 add 之间是被动关系，所以用 过去分词 added 作宾语补足语。故填 added。
34 ．考查名词复数。句意：罗森塔尔观察了瓶子、玩具和食品盒如何褪色、磨损，但从未消失。toy 是可数 名词，前面没有限定词，所以应该用复数形式 toys 和 bottles 、food boxes 作并列主语。故填 toys。
35 ．考查冠词。句意：最后，他开始收集垃圾作为他的艺术材料，一次又一次地清理一小部分海岸。根据
句意和空格后的单数可数名词 part 可知，空格处应该填入不定冠词表示数量“一”，small 的发音是辅音音 素开头，所以应该用不定冠词 a。故填 a。
36 ．考查代词。句意：他说：“我开始尽可能多地收集，然后回到工作室分类。”根据句意可知，空格处应 该填入一个代词代替上文的 the rubbish，所以应该用代词 it。故填 it。
37 ．考查序数词。句意：一个以美学为目的的项目有了第二个目的：提高社会和环境意识。根据句意可知， 此处是考查固定用法：a+序数词+名词单数形式，表示“又一，再一” ，所以空格处应该用序数词 second。
故填 second。
38 ．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几年里，罗森塔尔一直在巡回演讲，谈论海洋污染以及如何帮 助清理海洋污染。根据时间状语 over the last few years 可知，该句子应该用现在完成时或现在完成进行时； 再由主语 Rosenthal 可知，谓语动词应该用第三人称单数形式。故填 has toured 或 has been touring。
39 ．考查形容词。句意：他说，最有意义的进步将是重新思考我们的消费方式。根据空格后的名词 advance 可知，空格处应该用形容词 meaningful 作定语，修饰 advance。故填 meaningful。
40 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：“我们需要改变所有的包装设计，让人们感觉良好，”他说。根据句意分析句 子可知，空格处应该用不定式 to make，作目的状语。故填 to make。
【2023 春 · 四川成都 · 高三联考】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Melati and Isabel deeply love their home on the island, which 61 (surround) by rain forests, green fields, and a vast ocean. Enjoying a swim at their local beach was once a daily pleasure for them. But when Melati was fifteen, and Isabel just ten, the sisters started to lose their 62 (interesting) in swimming in the waters near their home. Plastic bags would be around them as they swam and some were scattered (散落) on the beach. They
got 63 (extreme) upset about that.
Melati didn’t think much about it until one day her teacher gave a lesson on some world heroes, 64 had sparked ( 引发) movements of positive changes in the world. After school, Melati walked home slowly in silence, 65 (concern) about the large amount of plastic rubbish on the beach. The heroes crossed her mind. Then 66 idea lit her up. She couldn’t wait to share what she thought with Isabel. Isabel also had a strong
desire to do something. Picturing a 67 (fascinate) beach as before in mind, the pair jumped with joy.
They made a list 68 things they needed and reached out to the community for support. Melati and
Isabel’s small idea attracted many volunteers to help clean up the beach, 69 (make) it start to become
cleaner and more beautiful again. The sisters were overjoyed to see the impact they had made and continued to inspire others to take action against plastic pollution. They knew that even small actions like theirs could create
significant positive change in 70 (they) community and the world.
【答案】61 ．is surrounded 62 ．interest 63 ．extremely 64 ．who 65 ．concerned 66 ．an
67 ．fascinating 68 ．of 69 ．making 70 ．their
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了梅拉蒂和伊莎贝尔带领社区拯救被垃圾污染的海滩的故事。
61 ．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：梅拉蒂和伊莎贝尔深深地爱着他们在岛上的家，这里被雨林、
绿色的田野和广阔的海洋所包围。surround(围绕)是定语从句中谓语动词，与主语 which(指代先行词 island)
之间是被动关系，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时态，主语是单数名词，谓语动词用单词形式。故填 is
surrounded。
62 ．考查名词。句意：但当梅拉蒂 15 岁、伊莎贝尔 10 岁时，姐妹俩开始对在家附近的水域游泳失去了兴
趣。提示词作宾语，用名词 interest，意为“兴趣” ，不可数名词；lose interest in“对…… 失去兴趣”。故填
interest。
63 ．考查副词。句意：他们对此非常不安。提示词修饰动词 got，用副词 extremely 作状语，意为“极度， 非常”。故填 extremely。
64 ．考查定语从句。句意：梅拉蒂并没有想太多，直到有一天，她的老师给她上了一堂关于一些世界英雄 的课，这些英雄在世界上引发了积极的变化。分析句子可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词heroes， 关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词 who 引导该从句。故填 who。
65 ．考查形容词。句意：放学后，梅拉蒂默默地慢慢走回家，担心着海滩上大量的塑料垃圾。根据句意，
“(concern) about the large amount of plastic rubbish on the beach.”在句中作伴随状语，用形容词 concerned 构成形容词短语作状语，意为“担心的；忧虑的” ，解释说明主语 Melati。故填 concerned。
66 ．考查冠词。句意：这时，一个念头使她灵光一现。可数名词 idea 在句中表示“一个念头” ，泛指，idea 发音以元音音素开头，用不定冠词 an 修饰。故填 an。
67．考查形容词。句意：两个人想象着像以前一样迷人的海滩，高兴地跳了起来。提示词作定语修饰名词beach， 用形容词 fascinating，意为“迷人的”。故填 fascinating。
68 ．考查介词。句意：他们列出了他们需要的东西，并向社区寻求支持。make a list of...是固定短语，意为 “列出……”。故填 of。
69 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：梅拉蒂和伊莎贝尔的小想法吸引了许多志愿者来帮助清理海滩，使它开始变 得更干净，更美丽。“(make) it start to become cleaner and more beautiful again”作结果状语，表示“情理之 中的结果” ，动词 make 是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语 small idea 之间是主动关系，用现在分词 making 表 主动。故填 making。
70 ．考查代词。句意：他们知道，即使是像他们这样的小行动也能给他们的社区和世界带来重大的积极变 化。提示词修饰名词 community，用形容词性物主代词 their 作定语。故填 their。
【2023·江苏 · 江苏省天一中学校考】阅读下面短文， 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
To protect the ocean and prevent plastic waste polluting the water, an Italian company has invented River Cleaning, 81 seems to be a perfect tool for picking up litter before it gets there. About 80 percent of ocean waste comes from 100 of the 82 (large) waterways across the world. So, stopping waste at its source is
83 excellent potential solution.
However, the company had to overcome several 84 (difficulty) before it could test out the invention 85 (proper). For example, its device had to allow boats to easily pass through, while being able 86 (run) 24/7 with no impact on the environment. The result is River Cleaning, a 100 percent effective, low cost, low
impact solution.
Attached 87 the bed at the bottom of the river, River Cleaning is a series of buoys ( 浮标) that powered by the 88 (nature) flow of the river. It has the ability to collect different kinds of waste. So far, studies 89 (show) River Cleaning can collect 85 percent of all waste passing by it. So, if it is used in all
the right places, that’s up to 85 percent of trash prevented from 90 (enter) flowing into the ocean.
【答案】81 ．which 82 ．largest 83 ．an 84 ．difficulties 85 ．properly 86 ．to run
87 ．to 88 ．natural 89 ．have shown 90 ．entering
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了意大利一家公司开发的防止垃圾从河流进入海洋的新发明。
81 ．考查定语从句。句意：为了保护海洋并防止塑料垃圾污染水，一家意大利公司发明了河流清洁，这似 乎是在垃圾到达那里之前捡拾垃圾的完美工具。分析句子结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，空格处在 句中作主语，指代前面整个句子，故填 which。
82 ．考查形容词最高级。句意：大约 80%的海洋垃圾来自世界上最大的 100 条水道。根据空前的 the 及表 示范围的介词短语可知，此处应填其最高级形式，故填 largest。
83 ．考查冠词。句意：因此，从源头上阻止浪费是一个很好的潜在解决方案。空后是单数名词 solution，因 此此处为不定冠词表泛指，且 excellent 发音以元音音素开头，故填 an。
84 ．考查名词复数。句意：然而，该公司必须克服几个困难才能正确测试发明。根据空前的 several 可知， 此处应填名词复数形式。故填 difficulties。
85 ．考查副词。句意：然而，该公司必须克服几个困难才能正确测试发明。空白处所填词在句中修饰动词 词组 test out，空处应为其副词形式。故填 properly。
86 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，他们的设备必须允许船只轻松通过，同时能够全天候运行，并且对环 境没有影响。固定短语：be able to do，意为“ 能够做某事” ，故填 to run。
87 ．考查介词。句意：河流清洁附着在河底的河床上，是由河流的自然流动提供动力的一系列浮标。固定 搭配：attach…to 意为“把……栓在” ，to 是介词，故填 to。
88 ．考查形容词。句意：河流清洁附着在河底的河床上，是由河流的自然流动提供动力的一系列浮标。分 析句子结构可知空处应为形容词修饰名词作定语，故填 natural。
89 ．考查动词时态。句意：到目前为止，研究表明，河流清洁可以收集 85%的经过它的废物。根据 so far 可知，句子用现在完成时，主语是复数名词，助动词使用 have，故填 have shown。
90 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，如果在所有正确的地方使用它，那么高达 85%的垃圾被阻止流入海洋。 空白处所填词在句中作介词 from 的宾语，故填其动名词形式，故填 entering。
【2023·上海 · 南洋中学校考三模】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Fresh warning sounded on plastics problem
Walk along any beach in the world, no matter how isolated, and you will see plastic of some kind washed up
on the shoreline, 91 (offer) a reminder of the reckless throwaway culture of the present-day world.
Lately, a study 92 (sound) a fresh warning on the damage caused to the marine ecosystem due to
discarded plastics, which eventually has a bearing on human health due to the seafood we consume.
In a paper 93 (title) “A Growing Plastic Smog” published on March 8, 2023 in the peer-reviewed research journal Plos One, researchers called on governments around the world 94 (take) sweeping action
to address the “unprecedented plastic pollution” of the world’s oceans.
The plastics break down over time into minute particles that cannot be detected by the naked eye, but find their way into the marine ecosystem and into the seafood humans consume. No one knows for certain 95 the long-term damage will be to marine life and humans, but the study placed much of the blame on the plastics industry for failing to recycle or design for recyclability. “ 96 eaten, microplastics can severely damage an animal’s internal tissues. Globally, we have reached a situation 97 we can no longer ignore the plastic
pollution pandemic that is infecting our oceans,” he said.
“This research shows us that beach cleanups and citizen science projects that focus on the environmental fate
of plastics have little impact on solving the enormity of the plastic problem. Marcus Eriksen, lead author of the
study, said in a statement that the findings were a “stark warning 98 we must act now at a global scale” . “We’ve found an alarming trend of exponential growth of microplastics in the global ocean since the millennium,
which 99 (expect) to reach over 170 trillion plastic particles,” said Eriksen, adding that the exponential
increase in microplastics across the world’s oceans makes 100 necessary to “bring in an age of corporate
responsibility for the entire life of the things they make” .
【答案】91．offering 92．has sounded 93．titled 94．to take 95．what 96．Once/If/When
97 ．where 98 ．that 99 ．is expected 100 ．it
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今海洋面临严重的塑料污染。最近，一项研究对废弃塑料对 海洋生态系统造成的破坏发出了新的警告，由于我们食用的海鲜，这些塑料最终会影响人类的健康。
91 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：走在世界上任何一个海滩上，无论多么孤立，你都会看到某种塑料被冲到海 岸线上，提醒人们当今世界鲁莽的一次性文化。分析句子结构可知 offer 与 you will see plastic of some kind washed up on the shoreline 构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填 offering。
92 ．考查时态。句意：最近，一项研究对废弃塑料对海洋生态系统造成的破坏发出了新的警告，由于我们 食用的海鲜，这些塑料最终会影响人类的健康。根据 lately 可知为现在完成时，主语为 study，助动词用 has。故填 has sounded。
93 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：2023 年 3 月 8 日，在同行评议的研究期刊《公共科学图书馆 · 综合》上发表的 一篇题为《不断增长的塑料烟雾》的论文中，研究人员呼吁世界各国政府采取全面行动，解决世界海洋“前 所未有的塑料污染”。分析句子结构可知 title 与 paper 构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填 titled 。 94 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：2023 年 3 月 8 日，在同行评议的研究期刊《公共科学图书馆 · 综合》上发表的 一篇题为《不断增长的塑料烟雾》的论文中，研究人员呼吁世界各国政府采取全面行动，解决世界海洋“前 所未有的塑料污染”。表示“ 呼吁……”短语为 call on sb. to do sth.。故填 to take。
95 ．考查宾语从句。句意：没有人确切知道对海洋生物和人类的长期损害是什么，但这项研究将大部分责 任归咎于塑料工业未能回收或设计可回收性。引导宾语从句，从句缺少表语，表示是什么，应用 what。故 填 what。
96 ．考查状语从句。句意：“一旦/如果/当被食用时，微塑料会严重损害动物的内部组织”。此处可理解为引 导条件状语从句，表示“一旦”或“如果”用 once 或 if；或理解为时间状语从句，表示“ 当…… 时候”应用
when。首字母大写。故填 Once/ If/ When。
97 ．考查定语从句。句意：他说：“在全球范围内，我们已经到了不能再忽视正在感染海洋的塑料污染大流 行的地步。”此处为定语从句修饰先行词 situation，在从句中作地点状语，故用 where 引导。故填 where。 98 ．考查同位语从句。句意：该研究的主要作者 Marcus Eriksen 在一份声明中表示，这些发现是一个“严 重的警告，我们现在必须在全球范围内采取行动”。说明 warning 的内容，引导同位语从句，从句不缺少成 分，句意完整，应用 that。故填 that。
99 ．考查固定短语。句意：埃里克森说:“我们发现， 自千年以来，全球海洋中的微塑料呈指数级增长，这 一趋势令人担忧，预计将达到 170 万亿个塑料颗粒。”他补充说，全球海洋中微塑料的指数级增长使得有必 要“ 引入一个企业对其制造的产品的整个生命周期负责的时代”。表示“预计……”短语为 be expected to，陈 述客观事实用一般现在时，非限制性定语从句修饰 trend，在从句中作主语，谓语用单数。故填 is
expected。
100 ．考查 it 用法。句意：埃里克森说:“我们发现， 自千年以来，全球海洋中的微塑料呈指数级增长，这一
趋势令人担忧，预计将达到 170 万亿个塑料颗粒。”他补充说，全球海洋中微塑料的指数级增长使得有必要“引 入一个企业对其制造的产品的整个生命周期负责的时代”。此处为 make it adj. to do sth.，it 作形式宾语，故 填 it。
【2022·河北 · 高三专题练习】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On April 22nd, the UNEP （United Nation Environment Programme ）called for increasing protection of Antarctica, 111 is the world's most southern continent. Scientists who are 112 （relate）to this programme say climate change and human activity have 113 （obvious）resulted in the melting（融化）of massive pieces of Antarctic ice. A variety of animals 114 （live）there are disappearing and oceans and
seas around the globe are rising.
Since 2019, scientists have travelled around the world, determined 115 （compare ）different
situations of different continents. Their findings show that the climate change leads 116 a shocking threat （威胁）to coastal cities. For example, Venice, 117 ancient city of Italy, is affected by the rising sea level. In addition, the number of famous buildings and priceless artworks 118 （destroy）by the salty water is
increasing.
Therefore, it's time that action 119 （take）to improve the serious situation. And many countries around the world are helping each other to find 120 （solution）to the problem together.
【答案】111．which 112 ．related 113 ．obviously 114 ．living 115 ．to compare 116 ．to
117 ．an 118 ．destroyed 119 ．should be taken 120 ．solutions
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述 4 月 22 日，联合国环境规划署(UNEP)呼吁加强对南极洲的 保护及原因。
111 ．考查定语从句。句意：4 月 22 日，联合国环境规划署(UNEP)呼吁加强对南极洲的保护，南极洲是世
界上最南端的大陆。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词 Antarctica，在从句中做主语，故填
which。
112 ．考查固定短语。句意：与该项目有关的科学家表示，气候变化和人类活动显然导致了南极大量冰块的 融化。短语 be related to，意为“与……有关” ，故填 related。
113 ．考查副词。句意：同上。设空处修饰动词，应用副词形式，故填 obviously。
114 ．考查现在分词。句意：生活在那里的各种动物正在消失，而世界各地的海洋都在上升。设空处修饰名 词作定语，和名词之间是主动关系，故填 living。
115 ．考查不定式。句意： 自 2019 年以来，科学家们走遍世界各地，决心比较不同大陆的不同情况。短语 determine to do，意为“决定做……” ，根据句意，故填 to compare。
116 ．考查固定短语。句意：他们的研究结果表明，气候变化对沿海城市造成了令人震惊的威胁。短语 lead to，意为“导致” ，故填 to。
117 ．考查冠词。句意：例如，意大利的一座古城威尼斯就受到海平面上升的影响。设空处修饰名词，表泛 指，应用冠词，空后面的词 ancient 以元音音素开头，故填 an。
118．考查过去分词。句意：此外，被盐水破坏的著名建筑和无价艺术品的数量正在增加。设空处修饰名词， 和名词之间是被动关系，用过去分词作定语，故填 destroyed。
119．考查虚拟语气和语态。句意：因此，是时候采取行动来改善这种严重的情况了。设空处为谓语，It’s time that 从句谓语一般用 should+动词原形，主语和谓语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填 should be
taken。
120 ．考查名词。句意：世界上许多国家正在互相帮助，共同寻找解决问题的办法。设空处作宾语，应用名 词 solution，根据句意可知应用复数形式，故填 solutions。
【2022 秋 · 内蒙古呼和浩特 · 高三阶段练习】阅读下面短文， 在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词） 或括号内 单词的正确形式。
In a new cartoon named Turtle Journey, Greenpeace UK, an environmental organization, 141
(highlight) ocean destruction from the perspective of a family of sea turtles.
142 (create) the film, Greenpeace UK teamed up with Aardman Animations, as well as
Oscar-winning actors and stars. The 143 (power) film follows the family of turtles as they make their way
across the seafloor to their home on a coral reef.
“Our ocean has been driven to breaking point during 144 past few years but it's a story that doesn't get told often enough,” says Will Mccallum, head of ocean at Greenpeace UK. Ocean damage is 145
(serious) affecting sea turtles and other sea creatures, many of which are faced 146 extinction at present.
“The story of this turtle family 147 (attempt) to get home in the damaged and changing ocean is a 148 (real) for many ocean creatures that are having their habitats destroyed due to human activity,” says
actress Olivia Colman, 149 voices a character in the film. “It is my hope 150 this film can
inspire more people to take action to protect our ocean.”
【答案】141．highlights 142．To create 143．powerful 144．the 145．seriously 146．with
147 ．attempting 148 ．reality 149 ．who 150 ．that
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新动画片《海龟之旅》，英国绿色和平组织从海龟家族的角度强调了 海洋破坏，呼吁人们保护环境。
141 ．考查时态。句意：在一部名为《海龟之旅》的新动画片中，英国绿色和平组织（Greenpeace UK）从 海龟家族的角度强调了海洋破坏。此处缺乏谓语，讲的是现在的事实，highlight 时态用一般现在时，主语 Greenpeace UK (an environmental organization 是同位语)是单数，谓语单数形式。故填 highlights。
142 ．考查动词不定式。句意：为了制作这部电影，英国绿色和平组织与阿德曼动画公司以及奥斯卡获奖演 员和明星合作。此处用动词不定式（to do）做目的状语，首字母大写。故填 To create。
143 ．考查形容词。句意：这部强有力的电影讲述了海龟一家穿过海底来到珊瑚礁上的家的故事。此处用形 容词 powerful 作定语，修饰名词 film。故填 powerful。
144 ．考查冠词。句意：“在过去几年中，我们的海洋已经到了崩溃的边缘，但这是一个没有被经常讲述的 故事，”英国绿色和平组织（Greenpeace UK）海洋主管 Will Mccallum 说。此处特指“过去几年” ，用定冠 词 the 表特指。故填 the。
145 ．考查副词。句意：海洋破坏正在严重影响海龟和其他海洋生物，其中许多目前正面临灭绝。此处用副 词 seriously 作状语，修饰动词 affecting。故填 seriously。
146 ．考查固定搭配。句意：海洋破坏正在严重影响海龟和其他海洋生物，其中许多目前正面临灭绝。固定 搭配 be faced with…(面临……)。故填 with。
147 ．考查现在分词。句意：女演员 Olivia Colman 在影片中为一个角色配音，她说：“对于许多因人类活动 而栖息地遭到破坏的海洋生物来说，海龟家族试图在受损和不断变化的海洋中回家的故事是一个现实。” 本句已有系动词 is 且无连词，动词 attempt 用非谓语形式，逻辑主语 this turtle family 与动词 attempt 是主
谓关系，attempt 用现在分词（doing）表主动，作后置定语，修饰名词 this turtle family。故填 attempting。 148 ．考查名词的数。句意：女演员 Olivia Colman 在影片中为一个角色配音，她说：“对于许多因人类活动 而栖息地遭到破坏的海洋生物来说，海龟家族试图在受损和不断变化的海洋中回家的故事是一个现实。”结 合不定冠词 a 可知，用单数名词 reality 作表语。故填 reality。
149 ．考查定语从句。句意：女演员 Olivia Colman 在影片中为一个角色配音，她说：“对于许多因人类活动 而栖息地遭到破坏的海洋生物来说，海龟家族试图在受损和不断变化的海洋中回家的故事是一个现实。”此 处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是 actress Olivia Colman，指人，在从句中作主语，用关系代词 who。故填
who。
150 ．考查同位语从句。句意：我希望这部电影能激励更多的人采取行动保护我们的海洋。空后句子是同位 语从句解释说明名词 hope 的内容，从句结构完整，不缺任何意义，用只起连接作用的 that。故填 that。
【2021 秋 ·湖北武汉 · 高三校联考期末】阅读下面短文， 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形 式。
Each year, billions of pounds of trash and other 171 （pollute）enter the ocean. Where do they go
Some sinks, some is eaten by sea animals 172 mistake it for food and some washes up on our beaches.
"There's almost nothing 173 （bad）than oceanfront sands littered with trash. It could be paradise," said Ma Jiayu, who joined the International Coastal Cleanup event, which was held by the Blue Ocean Conservation Association（BOCA）, 174 nonprofit organization in Shenzhen.
On the third weekend of last September, hundreds of volunteers 175 （ arm ）with bags, gloves, litter pickers got to work cleaning beaches. The volunteers— 176 （include）teenagers, teachers, workers and statesmen— 177 （separate）into 26 cleaning spots along the 260.5 kilometer coastline.
Founded by a few divers, the BOCA has long gone to the bottom of the ocean to clean. 178 heavy scuba tanks （潜水空气瓶）,masks and dive fins, divers face the dangers of low visibility or getting stuck. But they are happy 179 （save ）clownfish and protect the coral reefs.
"Change comes from each of us, through our actions and 180 （behave）. If you do it, others might do it as well through the power of example. And they will teach others to do it too, and slowly, our plant might start
being a cleaner place," said Ma Haipeng, the chairman of the BOCA .
【答案】171．pollutants 172．that/which 173．worse 174．a 175．armed 176．including
177 ．were separated 178 ．With 179 ．to save 180 ．behavior(s)
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们为拯救被污染的海洋所作出的种种努力。
171 ．考查名词。句意：每年，数十亿磅的垃圾和其他污染物进入海洋。被形容词 other 修饰，用名词形式， pollutant 表示污染物，为可数名词，因此用复数形式。故填 pollutants。
172 ．考查定语从句。句意：有些沉入海底，有些被海洋动物误认为食物吃掉，有些被冲到我们的海滩上。 句中先行词为 sea animals，在限定性定语从句中作主语，用关系代词 that/which 引导。故填 that/which。
173 ．考查形容词比较级。句意：没有什么比在海滨沙滩上乱丢垃圾更糟糕的了。句中 than 表示比较，因 此用形容词比较级。故填 worse。
174 ．考查冠词。句意：“没有什么比海滨沙滩上乱丢垃圾更糟糕的了。这简直就是天堂，”参加此次国际海 岸清理活动的马佳宇说。该活动由深圳的非营利组织蓝海保护协会(BOCA)举办。organization 为可数名词， 此处为泛指，nonprofit 发音以辅音音素开头。故填 a。
175 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：去年九月的第三个周末，数百名志愿者带着袋子、手套和捡垃圾的人开始了 清洁海滩的工作。arm 与 volunteers 为动宾关系，因此用过去分词形式表被动。故填 armed。
176 ．考查介词。句意：这些志愿者包括青少年、教师、工人和政治家，他们被分成沿着 260.5 公里海岸线 的 26 个清洁点。including 通常作介词，表示“包括” ，符合句意。故填 including。
177 ．考查时态和语态。句意：这些志愿者包括青少年、教师、工人和政治家，他们被分成沿着 260.5 公里 海岸线的 26 个清洁点。separate 和 the volunteers 为动宾结构，用被动语态，主语为 the volunteers，谓语 动词用复数形式，分析句意可知，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时。故填 were separated。
178．考查介词。句意：带着沉重的氧气罐、面罩和潜水鳍，潜水员面临着能见度低或被困的危险。介词 with 表示“带着” ，符合文意。故填 with。
179 ．考查固定搭配。句意：但他们很高兴拯救小丑鱼和保护珊瑚礁。be happy to do sth.很高兴做某事。故 填 to save。
180 ．考查名词。句意：改变来自于我们每个人，通过我们的行动和行为。根据“and”及提示“behave”可知， 填空处应与 actions 词性相同，所以用名词 behavior，可作抽象名词或具体的事，所以可用不可数形式或复 数形式。故填 behavior(s)。
【2020 秋 ·河南 · 高三校阶段练习】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Recently, Seychelles President Danny Faure has come up with a unique way of global protection of the seas. He has delivered 181 （power ）speech from 124 meters below the ocean’s surface. In his speech, Faure
called on the world to better protect the beating blue heart of our planet.
Seychelles, 182 （lie）off the coast of East Africa, is a country made up 183 115 islands in the Indian Ocean. It is one of many island nations 184 （affect） by global warming. The country is home to many kinds of world’s reefs and wildlife such as the giant Aldabra tortoises（乌龟）, one of the largest species of tortoises on Earth. Land erosion and dying coral reefs alongside have increased the 185 （frequent ）of
extreme weather events that threaten the island nation’s existence.
“It is not just because I am from paradise on Earth that I have a special relationship with the sea--the sea 186 (have) a special relationship with all of us. 187 is clear to us all that it is under threat like never before,” Faure said. “This problem is 188 (big) than any other problem, and we can’t wait for the next
generation to solve it.”
At the UN Convention on Biological Diversity last year, officials 189 （ announce ） that only 5% of the world’s oceans are protected and guaranteed to increase the area to 10% by 2020. Still, experts are skeptical that
these official-looking goals can be met 190 global calls to action are valued.
【答案】181 ．powerful 182 ．lying 183 ．of 184 ．affected/being affected 185 ．frequency
186 ．has 187 ．It 188 ．bigger 189 ．announced 190 ．unless
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了塞舌尔的总统在水下做演讲，呼吁人们保护海洋。
181 ．考查形容词。句意：他在海平面以下 124 米的地方发表有力的演讲。修饰名词 speech，应该用形容词 形式；power 是名词，形容词形式为 powerful。故填 powerful。
182 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：塞舌尔位于东非海岸，是一个由印度洋上 115 个岛屿组成的国家。分析句子 结构可知，“ (lie)off the coast of East Africa”是后置定语，动词 lie 与句子主语 Seychelles 是逻辑上的主 动关系，应用现在分词做后置定语；lie 的现在分词是 lying。故填 lying。
183 ．考查介词。句意：塞舌尔位于东非海岸，是一个由印度洋上 115 个岛屿组成的国家。此处是固定短语 be made up of“由……组成”。故填 of 。
184．考查非谓语动词。句意：它是受全球变暖影响的许多岛国之一。分析句子结构，“ (affect) by global warming”是后置定语，动词 affect 与 many island nations 是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词做后置定语； 也可用 being affected，表示“正受到影响” ，强调正在进行的被动动作。故填 affected / being affected 。
185 ．考查名词。句意：土地侵蚀和濒临死亡的珊瑚礁增加了极端天气事件的频率，这威胁着这个岛国的生 存。在定冠词 the 后应该是名词形式，在句中作宾语；frequent 是形容词，名词形式为 frequency。故填
frequency。
186 ．考查动词时态。句意：不仅仅因为我来自人间天堂，我和大海有着特殊的关系——大海和我们所有人 都有特殊的关系。句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语 the sea 是单数意义，谓语动词应用单数 第三人称形式；have 的单数第三人称形式是 has。故填 has。
187 ．考查代词。句意：我们都清楚，它正面临前所未有的威胁。此处 it 作形式主语，指代后面的 that 引 导的主语从句。故填 It。
188 ．考查形容词的比较级。句意：这个问题比任何其他问题都严重，我们不能坐等下一代来解决它。根据 后面的 than 可知，此处应用 big 的比较级形式；big 的比较级需双写-g，再加-er。故填 bigger。
189 ．考查动词时态。句意：在去年的联合国生物多样性大会上，官员们宣布，世界上只有 5%的海洋受到 保护，并保证到 2020 年将海洋面积增加到 10%。根据时间状语 last year，句子叙述的是过去的事情，应该 用一般过去时。故填 announced。
190 ．考查连词。句意：不过，专家们对这些看似官方的目标能否实现表示怀疑，除非全球采取行动的呼声 得到重视。根据句意，前句提到“专家们怀疑这些官方的目标是否能够被完成” ，后句提到“全球行动的呼吁 受到重视” ，后句应该是条件从句，应用 unless 引导条件状语从句。故填 unless。
【2021·高三课时练习】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Scientists often compare coral reefs to underwater rainforests, yet unlike the leafy plant base of a forest, corals
are animals.The soft organs inside the hard parts of corals are naturally transparent and get 191 (they)
famously brilliant color from algae(藻类） living inside them.
When corals experience stress from hot temperatures or 192 (pollute),they end their interdependent relationship with this algae,typically forcing them out 193 turning white, though one recent study indicates some corals turn a bright neon color when stressed.Corals are still alive when they bleach( 白化）， but they're 194 risk-essentially immunocompromised(免疫功能低下）－and many 195 (eventual) starve and die,
turning a dark brown.
People first noticed coral bleaching events in the 1980s.The problem worsened in 2016, when an El Nino weather pattern, 196 causes warmer waters in the Pacific Ocean, 197 （mix) with an already
unseasonably warm ocean and killed off a third of the corals on the Great Barrier Reef.Since then, roughly half the corals on Australia's famous reefs 198 （die) in following bleaching events, risking an underwater landscape
1,500 miles long.
Scientists around the world are looking for all kinds of ways to protect and maybe even revive corals.One option is 199 (create) more marine protected areas-essentially national parks in the ocean.Scientists say
creating marine shelter, where fishing, mining,and recreating are off limits, makes the reefs 200 (healthy),
and so much stronger.
【答案】191 ．their 192 ．pollution 193 ．and 194 ．at 195 ．eventually 196 ．which
197 ．mixed 198 ．have died 199 ．to create/creating 200 ．healthier
【分析】本文是说明文。当珊瑚遭受到高温或污染，他们结束和藻类的共生关系，迫使藻类离开，珊瑚褪 变成白色。许多白化后的珊瑚最终饿死和死掉，为了使珊瑚礁更健康更强壮，科学家称创造海洋生物避难 处，限制渔业、开矿和再创造。
191 ．考查代词。句意：珊瑚中硬体部分中的软器官是天然透明的并且从生活在他们体内的藻类中得到著名 的绚烂颜色。根据句子结构可知，此处修饰名词 color，故使用形容词性物主代词形式。故填 their 。
192 ．考查名词。句意：当珊瑚遭受到高温或污染，他们结束和藻类的共生关系，迫使藻类离开，珊瑚褪变 成白色。根据并列连词 or 和前面的名词 temperatures 可知，此处应用名词与 temperatures 并列，故填其 名词形式。故填 pollution 。
193 ．考查连词。句意：当珊瑚遭受到高温或污染，他们结束和藻类的共生关系，迫使藻类离开，珊瑚褪变 成白色。连接两个并列的现在分词形式 forcing 和 turning，且意义表顺接，应使用并列连词 and。故填
and。
194 ．考查介词。句意：珊瑚白化时还活着，但他们处于危险中——主要是免疫功能不全——许多最终饿死 和死掉，变成深棕色。固定搭配 at risk，意为"处于危险中"。故填 at 。
195 ．考查副词。句意：珊瑚白化时还活着，但他们处于危险中——主要是免疫功能不全——许多最终饿死 和死掉，变成深棕色。修饰动词 starve 应使用其副词形式。故填 eventualy。
196 ．考查定语从句。句意：当额尔尼娜天气导致太平洋水域升温时，混合已经无季节的海洋暖化杀死了大 堡礁三分之一的珊瑚。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为 pattern，在从句中作主语，指物，故填 which。 197 ．考查谓语动词。句意：当额尔尼娜天气导致太平洋水域升温时，混合已经无季节的海洋暖化杀死了大 堡礁三分之一的珊瑚。此处为谓语，与主语 El Nino weather pattern 为主谓关系。根据时间状语 2016 可知， 此处应使用一般过去时。另外，根据并列连词 and 和 killed 也可推断出答案。故填 mixed。
198．考查动词时态。句意：自从那会起，澳大利亚著名的珊瑚礁上一半的珊瑚在接下来的白化事件中死掉。 分析句子结构可知，此处缺少谓语，根据时间状语 Since then 可知用现在完成时，主语 half the corals 是复 数，助动词用 have。故填 have died 。
199 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：一种选择是创造更多的海洋保护区。此处非谓动词作表语，是对主语 option 的解释说明，用不定式或动名词均可。故填 to create/creating 。
200 ．考查形容词。句意：科学家称创造海洋生物避难处，在那里渔业、开矿和再创造都是禁止的，来让珊
瑚礁更健康更强壮。根据并列连词 and 和其后的 stronger 可知，此处也应该使用比较级形式。故填
helthicr 。
【2021 秋 · 高三课时练习】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Hidden beneath the ocean waters and often 201 (call) the " rainforests of the sea", coral reefs(珊瑚礁)are some of the most diverse ecosystems on Earth, with perhaps one-quarter of all ocean species relying on reefs for 202 (survive). Being home to countless sea 203 (creature), coral reefs are important ecosystems for coastal people, too. It is estimated 204 coral reefs contribute billions of dollars to world economies annually,
205 (provide) food, protection of shorelines, and jobs.
Unfortunately, coral species are being 206 (severe) threatened, many of which 207 (destroy) by
pollution, overfishing practices, and other impacts over the past centuries. Climate change, which results in rising ocean temperatures and ocean acidification( 酸化) ， 208 (be) the most pressing threat to coral reefs now. High water temperatures cause corals to lose the algae( 海藻) that provide them with food, 209 makes the corals appear white or bleaching (白化)and can increase outbreaks of infectious disease.
A team of researchers are trying to develop super corals at their research center at the moment. They began by selecting certain coral species that seem to have adapted. to the changing ocean conditions better 210 others.
Hopefully, the super corals will not only survive but thrive in the warmer and increasingly acidic oceans.
【答案】201．called 202．survival 203．creatures 204．that 205．providing 206．severely
207 ．have been destroyed 208 ．is 209 ．which 210 ．than
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了珊瑚礁对海洋生物和沿海人民的重要性，同时指出珊瑚礁正在受到 污染、过度捕捞等的严重威胁。研究者们正在努力研发一种超级珊瑚来缓解该问题。
201 ．考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处是非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语 coral reefs 和 call 之间是被动 关系，应用过去分词，故填 called。
202 ．考查动名词。分析句子可知，此处应用名词作为介词 for 的宾语，故填 survival。
203 ．考查名词的数。creature“生物”是可数名词，由上文的 countless 判断用该词的复数形式，故填
creatures。
204．考查主语从句。分析句子可知，此处是主语从句的连接词，从句 coral reefs contribute billions of dollars to world economies annually 的成分和意义都完整，应用连接词 that，故填 that。
205 ．考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处是非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语 coral reefs 和 provide 之间是 主动关系，应用现在分词，故填 providing。
206 ．考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词 threaten，故填 severely。
207．考查时态和语态。分析句子可知，此处是定语从句的谓语动词，由下文的 over the past centuries 判断 为现在完成时， 从句主语 which 指代先行词 coral species，和 destroy 之间是被动关系，故应用现在完成 时的被动语态，主语是复数，故填 have been destroyed。
208 ．考查主谓一致。分析句子可知，此处是句子谓语动词，主语 climate change 是第三人称单数，又此处 讲述一般事实，应用一般现在时，故填 is。
209 ．考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此处是非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词是前面的整个句子，它在 从句中充当主语，应用关系代词 which，故填 which。
210 ．考查介词。根据 better 判断此处填介词 than ，better than“比……好” ，故填 than。
【2019 春 · 江苏南京 · 高三金陵中学校考】阅读下面短文， 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确 形式。
Fabien Cousteau was born with deep love for the ocean. His grandfather and his father were ocean 211 (explore) and documentary filmmakers. Today, Fabien 212 (follow) his family’s footstep,tryingto protect the
planet’s endangered ocean life and to reach a 213 between environmental problems and market economies.
Fabien is well known for his study of sharks. In 2001,he created a TV special based on the shark attacks that 214 (occur) along the New Jersey shoreline in 1916. Then in 2003, 215 the help of a large crew, Fabien created a shark submarine that enabled him to put 216 (he) inside the shark world. For the next four years,
Fabien was part of a series called Ocean Adventures, 217 offered a rare look into some of the most
fantastic ocean species. In 2010, Fabien and his team spent 31 days underwater to discover 218 climate
change and pollution which are affecting the oceans.
Fabien is 219 (current) working on a documentary film about the adventures of Mission 31, as well
as 220 (build) an Ocean Learning Center to provide children with the opportunity to learn about oceans.
【答案】211．explorers 212．follows 213．balance 214．occurred 215．with 216．himself
217 ．which 218 ．the 219 ．currently 220 ．building
【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了一个海洋爱好者 Fabien Cousteau，为追随家人的脚步，试图保护地球上 濒临灭绝的海洋生物的事迹。
211 ．考查名词的数。句意：他的祖父和父亲是海洋探险家和纪录片制片人。根据下文 and documentary filmmakers 可知应填名词复数形式 explorers。
212 ．考查动词时态。句意：如今，Fabien 追随家人的脚步，试图保护地球上濒临灭绝的海洋生物。根据上 文 Today 可知描述目前的情况用一般现在时，主语为 Fabien，故填 follows。
213 ．考查名词。句意：如今，Fabien 追随家人的脚步，试图保护地球上濒临灭绝的海洋生物，并在环境问 题和市场经济之间取得平衡。固定短语 reach a balance “达到平衡”故填名词 balance。
214 ．考查动词时态。句意：2001 年，他根据 1916 年发生在新泽西海岸线上的鲨鱼袭击事件制作了一个电 视特别节目。根据下文 in 1916 可知为一般过去时，故填 occurred。
215 ．考查介词。句意：然后在 2003 年，在一大批船员的帮助下，Fabien 造了一艘鲨鱼潜艇，使他能够把 自己置身于鲨鱼世界。短语 with the help of“在…… 的帮助下” ，故填 with。
216 ．考查反身代词。根据上文 enabled him to put 可知是“使他能够把他自己置于鲨鱼世界” ，故填
himself。
217 ．考查定语从句连接词。句意：在接下来的四年里，Fabien 参加了一个名为“海洋探险” 的系列活动，该 活动让我们得以一窥一些最神奇的海洋物种。本句为定语从句修饰先行词 a series，且先行词在从句中做主 语，指物，故填关系代词 which。
218 ．考查冠词。句意：2010 年，Fabien 和他的团队在水下呆了 31 天，探索影响海洋的气候变化和污染。 change 为可数名词，此处特指“气候变化”故填 the。
219 ．考查副词。句意：Fabien 目前正在拍摄一部关于《使命 31》冒险故事的纪录片，并正在建设一个海 洋学习中心，为孩子们提供学习海洋的机会。修饰动词 work 应用副词，故填 currently。
220．考查动词时态。根据上文 as well as 表示“也；不但……而且”，连接两个并列谓语，根据上文 is currently working 可知为现在进行时，故填 building。
【2023·全国 ·模拟预测】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
To stop plastic waste reaching the ocean, an Italian firm has invented 221 seems to be a perfect tool to pick up litter before it gets there. Almost 80 percent of ocean waste comes from 100 of the world’s 222
(large) waterways. So, stopping waste at source is a solution that can be 223 (whole) workable.
The company had to get over a few 224 (difficult) before it could test out the invention properly. For example, its device had to allow boats to easily pass through while being able to run 24/7 with no influence
225 the river’s environment. The result is River Cleaning. 226 (attach) to the river bed, River
Cleaning is a series of buoys (浮标) that spin on axles (轴) powered by the natural flow of the river, with the ability 227 (collect) different kinds of waste. River Cleaning, 228 about 100 percent scalable (可缩放的),
low-cost and low-impact solution, can collect 85 percent of the waste 229 (pass) by it. So, if it is used in
all the right places, up to 85 percent of rubbish 230 (prevent) from entering the ocean in the near future.
【答案】221．what 222．largest 223．wholly 224．difficulties 225．on/upon 226．Attached
227 ．to collect 228 ．an 229 ．passing 230 ．will be prevented
【导语】本文是说明文。本文简要介绍了一种由意大利公司发明的收集河道中垃圾的工具——River
Cleaning。
221 ．考查名词性从句。句意：为了防止塑料垃圾流入海洋，一家意大利公司发明了一种似乎能在垃圾到达 海洋之前就收集它们的完美工具。分析句子可知，空处在句中引导宾语从句，并在从句中作主语，表示
“ …… 的事物”。故填 what。
222．考查形容词最高级。句意：几乎 80%的海洋垃圾来自世界上最大的 100 条水道。根据空前的“100 of the world’s”及空后的名词 waterways 可知，此处应填形容词的最高级形式。故填 largest。
223．考查副词。句意：因此，从源头上杜绝浪费是一种完全可行的解决方案。空处在句中修饰形容词workable， 故填所给词的副词形式。故填 wholly。
224 ．考查名词。句意：该公司必须克服一些困难才能对这项发明进行适当的试验。分析句子结构可知，空 处在句子中作 get over 的宾语，应用名词。再根据空前的 a few 可知，此处应填名词的复数形式。故填
difficulties。
225 ．考查介词。句意：例如，它的设备必须能允许船只轻松通过，同时能够全天候运行，不会对河流环境 造成影响。此处为固定短语 influence on/upon 意为“对…… 的影响”。故填 on/upon。
226 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：连接在河床上的“河流清洁”是一系列由河流自然流动提供动力的轴上旋转的 浮标，具有收集不同种类废物的能力。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，attach 与句子主语 River Cleaning 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式，句首单词首字母大写。故填 Attached。
227 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：连接在河床上的“河流清洁”是一系列由河流自然流动提供动力的轴上旋转的 浮标，具有收集不同种类废物的能力。分析句子可知，此处为习惯用法 the ability to do sth. 意为“做某事的 能力” ，为不定式作定语成分。故填 to collect。
228．考查冠词。句意：“河流清洁”是一种 100%可扩展、低成本、低影响的解决方案，可以收集经过它的 85% 的废物。“ about 100 percent scalable (可缩放的), low-cost and low-impact solution”是 River Cleaning 的同位语，此处 solution 表泛指，且 about 发音以元音音素开头，所以为不定冠词 an。故填 an。
229 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：“河流清洁”是一种 100%可扩展、低成本、低影响的解决方案，可以收集经 过它的 85%的废物。空处作定语修饰 waste，pass“通过”与被修饰词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分 词形式。故填 passing。
230 ．考查时态和语态。句意：因此，如果在所有正确的地方使用它，在不久的将来，高达 85%的垃圾将被 阻止进入海洋。根据时间状语“in the near future”可知，主句用一般将来时；主句主语与 prevent 之间是被 动关系，应用被动语态。故填 will be prevented。
【2023·全国 · 高三专题练习】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Although the impact of climate change on the world’s oceans was the biggest marine story in 2022, plenty of other 231 (amaze) saltwater milestones deserve attention. Scientists found that the largest plant in the world is a seagrass. Researchers also added a piece to the puzzle of one of the world’s most mysterious animal migrations
and 232 (witness) the record impact of an underwater eruption. The impacts of climate change on oceans
aren’t just 233 drop in the bucket (桶). Our seas are becoming 234 (warm) and more acidic—and melting sea ice is leading to global sea level rise. At the United Nations Climate Change Conference, or COP27, 235
(hold) this November in Egypt, many ocean problems and some possible 236 (solution) came into focus.
Scientists announced that summers with no Arctic Ocean sea ice are pretty much a guarantee, no matter what efforts are made to reduce carbon in 237 (we) atmosphere. This means new shipping paths will be reliably open, but it also means that species that thrive (茁壮成长) on sea ice will have to adapt 238 (significant) and may suffer. Despite reports that highlighted the negative impacts of a warming climate on the ocean, hope was 239 the menu at the conference as well. The United States and Norway launched a Green Shipping Challenge, 240 encourages governments, ports and companies to transform the industry via sustainable methods and green
technologies.
【答案】231 ．amazing 232 ．witnessed 233 ．a 234 ．warmer 235 ．held 236 ．solutions
237 ．our 238 ．significantly 239 ．on 240 ．which
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。当今气候变化对世界海洋的影响，有很多海洋问题亟待我们人类去解决。
231 ．考查形容词。句意：尽管气候变化对世界海洋的影响是 2022 年最大的海洋新闻，但其他许多令人惊 叹的咸水里程碑也值得关注。修饰名词 milestones 应用用形容词 amazing，意为“令人震惊的” ，作定语。 故填 amazing。
232 ．考查时态。句意：研究人员还为世界上最神秘的动物迁徙之谜之一增加了一块拼图，并目睹了水下火 山喷发的创纪录影响。设空处与 added 并列，同为谓语动词，也用动词过去式，为一般过去时。故填
witnessed。
233 ．考查冠词。句意：气候变化对海洋的影响不是微不足道的。drop 是名词的单数形式，意为“一滴
（水） , 辅音音素开头，故用 a 来修饰，a drop in the bucket 意为“沧海一粟，九牛一毛，微不足道”。故 填 a。
234 ．考查形容词比较级。句意：我们的海洋正变得越来越暖，越来越酸——融化的海冰正导致全球海平面 上升。设空处与 more acidic 并列，也用形容词的比较级形式 warmer ，作表语。故填 warmer。
235 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：今年 11 月在埃及举行的联合国气候变化大会上，许多海洋问题和一些可能 的解决方案成为焦点。句子的谓语为 came ，设空处修饰名词短语 the United Nations Climate Change
Conference, or COP27，为动宾关系，应用过去分词形式，作后置定语。故填 held。
236 ．考查名词复数。句意：今年 11 月在埃及举行的联合国气候变化大会上，许多海洋问题和一些可能的 解决方案成为焦点。solution 为可数名词，some 修饰可数名词的复数形式，故填 solutions。
237 ．考查代词。句意：科学家们宣布，无论我们如何努力减少大气中的碳，夏季没有北冰洋海冰几乎是必 然的。名词 atmosphere 前应用形容词性物主代词 our ，作前置定语。故填 our。
238 ．考查副词。句意：这意味着新的航线将可靠地开放，但这也意味着在海冰上茁壮成长的物种将不得不 大幅适应，并可能遭受损失。修饰动词 adapt 用副词形式 significantly，意为“ 明显地，显著地” ，作状语。 故填 significantly。
239 ．考查介词。句意：尽管有报道强调了气候变暖对海洋的负面影响，但希望也出现在了会议的菜单上。 on the menu 意为“在菜单上” ，这里 hope was on the menu 引申为“希望也是可以被看到的” ，设空处填介词 on。故填 on。
240 ．考查定语从句。句意：美国和挪威发起了一项绿色航运挑战，鼓励政府、港口和公司通过可持续的方
法和绿色技术来改造航运业。此处考查非限制性定语从句，a Green Shipping Challenge 为先行词，后接非 限制性定语从句，关系代词做主语，为物，应用关系代词 which 引导从句。故填 which。2024 年高考高三英语语法填空——保护海洋环境话题
【2021 新课标 II 卷】I've always loved the ocean. In the 56 (seven) grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, 57
(think) it is food.
I decided to do something 58 (educate) people about this problem. I held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too. I decided that if I learned of a company 59
used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
One day, I saw a commercial for a health-care company. People in the ad were using plastic straws （吸管） . I found the contact information of the company 60 emailed its president. I told him how 61 (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. I was so 62
(excite) when he wrote back to me.He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.
I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to 63 (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. A company 64 (represent) wrote back and told me the
airline was switching over 65 plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
【答案】56. seventh 57. thinking 58. to educate 59. which##that 60. and 61. harmful 62. excited 63. was 64.
representative 65. from
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章作者讲述了自己为了保护海洋，减少塑料垃圾所做出的努力。
56.考查序数词。句意：七年级的时候，我开始在加州的蒙特利湾水族馆做志愿者。 表示“七年级” 用序数
词，所以填 seventh。
57.考查非谓语动词。句意：当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾，以为那是食物时，我很难过。分析句子结 构， 57 (think)it is food.用作状语，think 与其逻辑主语 many sea animals 之间是主动关系，用现在 分词，所以填 thinking。
58.考查非谓语动词。句意：我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构， 58 (educate) people about this problem.用作目的状语，用不定式，所以填 to educate。
59.考查定语从句。句意：我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使 用塑料。分析句子结构， 59 used a lot of plastic 是一个定语从句，修饰先行词 a company，关系 词在从句中作主语，指物，用 which 或 that 引导该从句，所以填 which 或 that。
60.考查连词。句意：我找到了这家公司的联系方式，并给公司总裁发了电子邮件。“found”和“emailed”之 间是并列关系，用 and 连接两个并列的谓语动词，所以填 and。
61.考查形容词。句意：我告诉他塑料对环境的危害，并请他考虑使用更环保的产品。该处为 how 引导的感 叹句，how 之后接形容词，所以填 harmful。
62.考查形容词。句意：当他给我回信时，我很兴奋。该空作 was 之后的表语，用形容词，修饰人，用 v+ed 形式的形容词，所以填 excited。
63.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓 语动词“wrote” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数
结构中，谓语动词用单数，所以填 was。
64.考查名词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天 1200 个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空 作句子主语，用名词，前面有不定冠词修饰，用名词单数，所以填 representative。
65.考查介词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天 1200 个航班从塑料杯换成纸杯。 from sth to sth 从...到..., 所以填 from。
【China Daily 原创】
Japan's release of water puts world in danger
chinadaily. | Updated: 2023-08-28 11:12
The international community 1 (astonish) by Japan's action to discharge nuclear-contaminated water from Fukushima plant into the Pacific on August 24, 2023. This move occurred despite the widespread protests and
oppositions from 2 (nation) across the Asia-Pacific.
Japan's action is seen as a display of extreme self-interest and irresponsibility, with 3 potential to inflict immeasurable harm upon the ocean ecosystem. The consequences are far-reaching, extending to safety risks in our food chain, the emergence of novel illnesses, and an increased likelihood of cancer cases among humans. 4 (ultimate), such a course of action jeopardizes the fate of our planet, 5 (cast) a shadow of uncertainty
over its future.
The radioactive water is discharged into the Pacific resulting from the Fukushima nuclear leakage 6 (cause) by submarine earthquake in 2011. Japan's 2011 nuclear leak disaster ranks among the 7 (bad)
nuclear incidents in history, resulting 8 substantial leakage of radioactive substances.
On August 24, the Tokyo Electric Power Company, 9 is responsible for the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, initiated the water discharge process through remote operation from the plant's monitoring room. As outlined in Tepco's discharge plan, about 460 tons of such water will be released daily for 17 days, with a gradual increase planned thereafter. The timeline provided by the Japanese government and TEPCO indicates that
this oceanic discharge process is expected 10 (last) at least 30 years.
【答案】
1. was astonished 2. nations 3. the 4. Ultimately 5. casting 6. caused 7. worst 8. in 9. which 10. to last
【2023 秋 · 高三课前预习】阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Plastic pollution at sea is reaching worrying levels. According to a review of hundreds of academic 21
(study), it will continue to grow even if significant action is taken now to stop such waste from reaching the world’s
oceans. The review by Germany’s Alfred Wegener Institute examined almost 2, 600 research papers on the topic
22 (provide) an overview ahead of a United Nations meeting later this month.
As plastic breaks down into smaller pieces, it also enters the marine food chain and 23 (take) in by sea creatures from whales to turtles. What’s worse, some regions already contain dangerous levels of plastic, and others risk becoming 24 (increasing) polluted in the future. Getting that plastic out of the water again 25 (be) nearly impossible, so policymakers should focus on preventing any more of it entering the oceans in 26 first place. Matthew MacLcod, a professor of environmental science at Stockholm University, was involved 27 a separate study not long ago, and also concluded effective measures, 28 are required immediately
because of the possible global impacts.
While consumers can help reduce plastic pollution by 29 (change) their behavior, governments have to step up and accept every responsibility for solving the problem. It’s such a serious problem 30 it needs
global solutions.
【答案】21 ．studies 22 ．to provide 23 ．is taken 24 ．increasingly 25 ．is 26 ．the
27 ．in 28 ．which 29 ．changing 30 ．that
【导语】本文是说明文。文章分析了海洋塑料污染问题并提出了一些解决方案。
21 ．考查名词复数。句意：根据对数百项学术研究的回顾, 即使现在采取重大行动阻止此类废物进入世界海 洋, 其排放量仍将继续增长。根据该空前形容词 academic 可知,此空应填名词,且前有短语 hundreds of 修 饰,用复数形式,故填 studies。
22 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：德国阿尔弗雷德 韦格纳研究所分析了近 2600 篇关于这个主题的研究论文, 为本月晚些时候举行的联合国会议提供了一个概述。分析句子结构可知, 句子主 干为“The review. . .
examined. . . ”, provide 在句中应充当非谓语, 根据句意可知，设空处应用动词不定式做目的状语,故填 to
provide。
23 ．考查谓语动词。句意：随着塑料分解成更小的碎片, 它会进入海洋食物链, 然后被从鲸 鱼到海龟的海 洋生物吸收。由句中的并列连词 and 可知, 两句为并列句, 前句谓语动词为 enters, 为一般现在时, 故设空 处应用一般现在时, 再根据主语 it 与 take 是被动关系, 故填 is taken。
24 ．考查副词。句意：更糟糕的是, 一些地区的塑料含量已经达到了危险的水平, 而另一些地区未来肯定会 受到越来越严重的污染。分析句子可知，此处用副词修饰动词 polluted,，作状语，故填 increasingly。
25 ．考查主谓一致和时态。句意：把塑料垃圾再次从水里打捞起来几乎是不可能的, ，因此决策者应该把阻
止塑料垃圾进入海洋放在第一位。根据句意可知，句子主语为 “Getting that plastic out of the water again ”,句中缺少谓语动词,根据语境可知,应用一般现在时, 故填 is。
26 ．考查冠词。句意：把塑料垃圾再次从水里打捞起来几乎是不可能的, ，因此决策者应该把阻止塑料垃圾 进入海洋放在第一位。设空处后的名词 place 有序数词 first 修饰,应用定冠词, in the first place 意为“首先， 首要的是 ”，为固定短语搭配故填 the。
27 ．考查介词。句意：斯德哥尔摩大学环境科学教授马修 麦克劳德不久前也参与了另一项研究,并得出了 有效的措施, 由于海洋塑料污染可能产生的全球影响,需要立即采取这些措施。was involved in 为固定搭配, 意为“参与”,故填 in。
28 ．考查关系代词。句意：斯德哥尔摩大学环境科学教授马修 麦克劳德不久前也参与了另一项研究,并得 出了有效的措施, 由于海洋塑料污染可能产生的全球影响,需要立即采取这些措施。设空处引导非限制性定语 从句，修饰先行词 measures ，且关系词在从句中充当主语, 故填 which。
29 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然消费者可以通过改变他们的行为来帮助减少塑料污染 , 政府必须站出来， 承担解决问题的每一项责任。句中的 can help reduce 为谓语动词,设空处应使用非谓语动词,设空处前有介 词 by ,故应填动名词做宾语,故填 changing。
30 ．考查连词。句意：这是一个非常严重的问题，需要全球性的解决方案。such + a/an + adj. + n + that 从 句，表示“如此...... 以至于 ”，引导状语从句，故填 that。
【2023 春 · 黑龙江大庆 · 高三校考】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Beaches across the planet share many features: sand, water, ocean gentle winds — and plastic. At Floyd Bennett Field, the coastal area 31 artist Barry Rosenthal goes collecting, rubbish piles up fast and in layers, as if at an archaeological (考古的) site.
Plastics will indeed be the product of our age, 32 (particular) in oceans where the material goes into ecosystems and floats around the world. More than millions and millions of pieces of plastic already fill the seas,
with some nine million tons 33 (add) each year.
Rosenthal observed how bottles, 34 (toy), and food boxes fade, wear out, yet never disappear. He
started building and photographing sculptures ( 雕像) of ocean trash to illustrate the problem of ocean pollution. Finally he began to gather the rubbish to use as his art materials, cleaning 35 small part of the coast over and over again. “I started to just collect as much as I could and go back to my studio to sort 36 out,” he
says. Each sculpture has a theme, by color, shape, or intended use, such as the oil containers.
A project begun for aesthetics (美学) has got a 37 (two) purpose: raising social and environmental awareness. Over the last few years, Rosenthal 38 (tour) to speak about ocean pollution and what might help clean it up. The most 39 (meaning) advance, he says, would be to rethink our method of consuming (消费).
“We need a change in all packaging design 40 (make) people feel good,” he says.
【答案】31 ．where 32 ．particularly 33 ．added 34 ．toys 35 ．a 36 ．it 37 ．second
38 ．has toured/has been touring 39 ．meaningful 40 ．to make
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。艺术家罗森塔尔通过制作和拍摄海洋垃圾雕塑，来说明海洋污染问题，提高 人们的社会和环保意识。
31 ．考查定语从句。句意：在艺术家巴里 · 罗森塔尔收集垃圾的沿海地区弗洛伊德 · 贝内特菲尔德，垃圾堆积 得很快，层层叠叠，就像在考古现场一样。空格后的部分是一个定语从句，对先行词 area 进行限定说明， 关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作状语，表示地点，所以空格处应该填入关系副词 where 引导定语从句。
故填 where。
32 ．考查副词。句意：塑料确实是我们这个时代的产物，特别是在海洋中，这些材料进入生态系统并漂浮 在世界各地。根据句意和所给形容词 particular 分析句子可知，空格处应该填入副词 particularly 作状语， 强调下文的地点状语 in oceans。故填 particularly。
33 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：数以百万计的塑料碎片已经填满了海洋，每年增加约 900 万吨。空格处应该 用 add 的非谓语形式在 with 复合结构中作补足语，some nine million tons 和 add 之间是被动关系，所以用 过去分词 added 作宾语补足语。故填 added。
34 ．考查名词复数。句意：罗森塔尔观察了瓶子、玩具和食品盒如何褪色、磨损，但从未消失。toy 是可数 名词，前面没有限定词，所以应该用复数形式 toys 和 bottles 、food boxes 作并列主语。故填 toys。
35 ．考查冠词。句意：最后，他开始收集垃圾作为他的艺术材料，一次又一次地清理一小部分海岸。根据
句意和空格后的单数可数名词 part 可知，空格处应该填入不定冠词表示数量“一”，small 的发音是辅音音 素开头，所以应该用不定冠词 a。故填 a。
36 ．考查代词。句意：他说：“我开始尽可能多地收集，然后回到工作室分类。”根据句意可知，空格处应 该填入一个代词代替上文的 the rubbish，所以应该用代词 it。故填 it。
37 ．考查序数词。句意：一个以美学为目的的项目有了第二个目的：提高社会和环境意识。根据句意可知， 此处是考查固定用法：a+序数词+名词单数形式，表示“又一，再一” ，所以空格处应该用序数词 second。
故填 second。
38 ．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几年里，罗森塔尔一直在巡回演讲，谈论海洋污染以及如何帮 助清理海洋污染。根据时间状语 over the last few years 可知，该句子应该用现在完成时或现在完成进行时； 再由主语 Rosenthal 可知，谓语动词应该用第三人称单数形式。故填 has toured 或 has been touring。
39 ．考查形容词。句意：他说，最有意义的进步将是重新思考我们的消费方式。根据空格后的名词 advance 可知，空格处应该用形容词 meaningful 作定语，修饰 advance。故填 meaningful。
40 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：“我们需要改变所有的包装设计，让人们感觉良好，”他说。根据句意分析句 子可知，空格处应该用不定式 to make，作目的状语。故填 to make。
【2023 春 · 四川成都 · 高三联考】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Melati and Isabel deeply love their home on the island, which 61 (surround) by rain forests, green fields, and a vast ocean. Enjoying a swim at their local beach was once a daily pleasure for them. But when Melati was fifteen, and Isabel just ten, the sisters started to lose their 62 (interesting) in swimming in the waters near their home. Plastic bags would be around them as they swam and some were scattered (散落) on the beach. They
got 63 (extreme) upset about that.
Melati didn’t think much about it until one day her teacher gave a lesson on some world heroes, 64 had sparked ( 引发) movements of positive changes in the world. After school, Melati walked home slowly in silence, 65 (concern) about the large amount of plastic rubbish on the beach. The heroes crossed her mind. Then 66 idea lit her up. She couldn’t wait to share what she thought with Isabel. Isabel also had a strong
desire to do something. Picturing a 67 (fascinate) beach as before in mind, the pair jumped with joy.
They made a list 68 things they needed and reached out to the community for support. Melati and
Isabel’s small idea attracted many volunteers to help clean up the beach, 69 (make) it start to become
cleaner and more beautiful again. The sisters were overjoyed to see the impact they had made and continued to inspire others to take action against plastic pollution. They knew that even small actions like theirs could create
significant positive change in 70 (they) community and the world.
【答案】61 ．is surrounded 62 ．interest 63 ．extremely 64 ．who 65 ．concerned 66 ．an
67 ．fascinating 68 ．of 69 ．making 70 ．their
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了梅拉蒂和伊莎贝尔带领社区拯救被垃圾污染的海滩的故事。
61 ．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：梅拉蒂和伊莎贝尔深深地爱着他们在岛上的家，这里被雨林、
绿色的田野和广阔的海洋所包围。surround(围绕)是定语从句中谓语动词，与主语 which(指代先行词 island)
之间是被动关系，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时态，主语是单数名词，谓语动词用单词形式。故填 is
surrounded。
62 ．考查名词。句意：但当梅拉蒂 15 岁、伊莎贝尔 10 岁时，姐妹俩开始对在家附近的水域游泳失去了兴
趣。提示词作宾语，用名词 interest，意为“兴趣” ，不可数名词；lose interest in“对…… 失去兴趣”。故填
interest。
63 ．考查副词。句意：他们对此非常不安。提示词修饰动词 got，用副词 extremely 作状语，意为“极度， 非常”。故填 extremely。
64 ．考查定语从句。句意：梅拉蒂并没有想太多，直到有一天，她的老师给她上了一堂关于一些世界英雄 的课，这些英雄在世界上引发了积极的变化。分析句子可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词heroes， 关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词 who 引导该从句。故填 who。
65 ．考查形容词。句意：放学后，梅拉蒂默默地慢慢走回家，担心着海滩上大量的塑料垃圾。根据句意，
“(concern) about the large amount of plastic rubbish on the beach.”在句中作伴随状语，用形容词 concerned 构成形容词短语作状语，意为“担心的；忧虑的” ，解释说明主语 Melati。故填 concerned。
66 ．考查冠词。句意：这时，一个念头使她灵光一现。可数名词 idea 在句中表示“一个念头” ，泛指，idea 发音以元音音素开头，用不定冠词 an 修饰。故填 an。
67．考查形容词。句意：两个人想象着像以前一样迷人的海滩，高兴地跳了起来。提示词作定语修饰名词beach， 用形容词 fascinating，意为“迷人的”。故填 fascinating。
68 ．考查介词。句意：他们列出了他们需要的东西，并向社区寻求支持。make a list of...是固定短语，意为 “列出……”。故填 of。
69 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：梅拉蒂和伊莎贝尔的小想法吸引了许多志愿者来帮助清理海滩，使它开始变 得更干净，更美丽。“(make) it start to become cleaner and more beautiful again”作结果状语，表示“情理之 中的结果” ，动词 make 是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语 small idea 之间是主动关系，用现在分词 making 表 主动。故填 making。
70 ．考查代词。句意：他们知道，即使是像他们这样的小行动也能给他们的社区和世界带来重大的积极变 化。提示词修饰名词 community，用形容词性物主代词 their 作定语。故填 their。
【2023·江苏 · 江苏省天一中学校考】阅读下面短文， 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
To protect the ocean and prevent plastic waste polluting the water, an Italian company has invented River Cleaning, 81 seems to be a perfect tool for picking up litter before it gets there. About 80 percent of ocean waste comes from 100 of the 82 (large) waterways across the world. So, stopping waste at its source is
83 excellent potential solution.
However, the company had to overcome several 84 (difficulty) before it could test out the invention 85 (proper). For example, its device had to allow boats to easily pass through, while being able 86 (run) 24/7 with no impact on the environment. The result is River Cleaning, a 100 percent effective, low cost, low
impact solution.
Attached 87 the bed at the bottom of the river, River Cleaning is a series of buoys ( 浮标) that powered by the 88 (nature) flow of the river. It has the ability to collect different kinds of waste. So far, studies 89 (show) River Cleaning can collect 85 percent of all waste passing by it. So, if it is used in all
the right places, that’s up to 85 percent of trash prevented from 90 (enter) flowing into the ocean.
【答案】81 ．which 82 ．largest 83 ．an 84 ．difficulties 85 ．properly 86 ．to run
87 ．to 88 ．natural 89 ．have shown 90 ．entering
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了意大利一家公司开发的防止垃圾从河流进入海洋的新发明。
81 ．考查定语从句。句意：为了保护海洋并防止塑料垃圾污染水，一家意大利公司发明了河流清洁，这似 乎是在垃圾到达那里之前捡拾垃圾的完美工具。分析句子结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，空格处在 句中作主语，指代前面整个句子，故填 which。
82 ．考查形容词最高级。句意：大约 80%的海洋垃圾来自世界上最大的 100 条水道。根据空前的 the 及表 示范围的介词短语可知，此处应填其最高级形式，故填 largest。
83 ．考查冠词。句意：因此，从源头上阻止浪费是一个很好的潜在解决方案。空后是单数名词 solution，因 此此处为不定冠词表泛指，且 excellent 发音以元音音素开头，故填 an。
84 ．考查名词复数。句意：然而，该公司必须克服几个困难才能正确测试发明。根据空前的 several 可知， 此处应填名词复数形式。故填 difficulties。
85 ．考查副词。句意：然而，该公司必须克服几个困难才能正确测试发明。空白处所填词在句中修饰动词 词组 test out，空处应为其副词形式。故填 properly。
86 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，他们的设备必须允许船只轻松通过，同时能够全天候运行，并且对环 境没有影响。固定短语：be able to do，意为“ 能够做某事” ，故填 to run。
87 ．考查介词。句意：河流清洁附着在河底的河床上，是由河流的自然流动提供动力的一系列浮标。固定 搭配：attach…to 意为“把……栓在” ，to 是介词，故填 to。
88 ．考查形容词。句意：河流清洁附着在河底的河床上，是由河流的自然流动提供动力的一系列浮标。分 析句子结构可知空处应为形容词修饰名词作定语，故填 natural。
89 ．考查动词时态。句意：到目前为止，研究表明，河流清洁可以收集 85%的经过它的废物。根据 so far 可知，句子用现在完成时，主语是复数名词，助动词使用 have，故填 have shown。
90 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，如果在所有正确的地方使用它，那么高达 85%的垃圾被阻止流入海洋。 空白处所填词在句中作介词 from 的宾语，故填其动名词形式，故填 entering。
【2023·上海 · 南洋中学校考三模】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Fresh warning sounded on plastics problem
Walk along any beach in the world, no matter how isolated, and you will see plastic of some kind washed up
on the shoreline, 91 (offer) a reminder of the reckless throwaway culture of the present-day world.
Lately, a study 92 (sound) a fresh warning on the damage caused to the marine ecosystem due to
discarded plastics, which eventually has a bearing on human health due to the seafood we consume.
In a paper 93 (title) “A Growing Plastic Smog” published on March 8, 2023 in the peer-reviewed research journal Plos One, researchers called on governments around the world 94 (take) sweeping action
to address the “unprecedented plastic pollution” of the world’s oceans.
The plastics break down over time into minute particles that cannot be detected by the naked eye, but find their way into the marine ecosystem and into the seafood humans consume. No one knows for certain 95 the long-term damage will be to marine life and humans, but the study placed much of the blame on the plastics industry for failing to recycle or design for recyclability. “ 96 eaten, microplastics can severely damage an animal’s internal tissues. Globally, we have reached a situation 97 we can no longer ignore the plastic
pollution pandemic that is infecting our oceans,” he said.
“This research shows us that beach cleanups and citizen science projects that focus on the environmental fate
of plastics have little impact on solving the enormity of the plastic problem. Marcus Eriksen, lead author of the
study, said in a statement that the findings were a “stark warning 98 we must act now at a global scale” . “We’ve found an alarming trend of exponential growth of microplastics in the global ocean since the millennium,
which 99 (expect) to reach over 170 trillion plastic particles,” said Eriksen, adding that the exponential
increase in microplastics across the world’s oceans makes 100 necessary to “bring in an age of corporate
responsibility for the entire life of the things they make” .
【答案】91．offering 92．has sounded 93．titled 94．to take 95．what 96．Once/If/When
97 ．where 98 ．that 99 ．is expected 100 ．it
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今海洋面临严重的塑料污染。最近，一项研究对废弃塑料对 海洋生态系统造成的破坏发出了新的警告，由于我们食用的海鲜，这些塑料最终会影响人类的健康。
91 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：走在世界上任何一个海滩上，无论多么孤立，你都会看到某种塑料被冲到海 岸线上，提醒人们当今世界鲁莽的一次性文化。分析句子结构可知 offer 与 you will see plastic of some kind washed up on the shoreline 构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填 offering。
92 ．考查时态。句意：最近，一项研究对废弃塑料对海洋生态系统造成的破坏发出了新的警告，由于我们 食用的海鲜，这些塑料最终会影响人类的健康。根据 lately 可知为现在完成时，主语为 study，助动词用 has。故填 has sounded。
93 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：2023 年 3 月 8 日，在同行评议的研究期刊《公共科学图书馆 · 综合》上发表的 一篇题为《不断增长的塑料烟雾》的论文中，研究人员呼吁世界各国政府采取全面行动，解决世界海洋“前 所未有的塑料污染”。分析句子结构可知 title 与 paper 构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填 titled 。 94 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：2023 年 3 月 8 日，在同行评议的研究期刊《公共科学图书馆 · 综合》上发表的 一篇题为《不断增长的塑料烟雾》的论文中，研究人员呼吁世界各国政府采取全面行动，解决世界海洋“前 所未有的塑料污染”。表示“ 呼吁……”短语为 call on sb. to do sth.。故填 to take。
95 ．考查宾语从句。句意：没有人确切知道对海洋生物和人类的长期损害是什么，但这项研究将大部分责 任归咎于塑料工业未能回收或设计可回收性。引导宾语从句，从句缺少表语，表示是什么，应用 what。故 填 what。
96 ．考查状语从句。句意：“一旦/如果/当被食用时，微塑料会严重损害动物的内部组织”。此处可理解为引 导条件状语从句，表示“一旦”或“如果”用 once 或 if；或理解为时间状语从句，表示“ 当…… 时候”应用
when。首字母大写。故填 Once/ If/ When。
97 ．考查定语从句。句意：他说：“在全球范围内，我们已经到了不能再忽视正在感染海洋的塑料污染大流 行的地步。”此处为定语从句修饰先行词 situation，在从句中作地点状语，故用 where 引导。故填 where。 98 ．考查同位语从句。句意：该研究的主要作者 Marcus Eriksen 在一份声明中表示，这些发现是一个“严 重的警告，我们现在必须在全球范围内采取行动”。说明 warning 的内容，引导同位语从句，从句不缺少成 分，句意完整，应用 that。故填 that。
99 ．考查固定短语。句意：埃里克森说:“我们发现， 自千年以来，全球海洋中的微塑料呈指数级增长，这 一趋势令人担忧，预计将达到 170 万亿个塑料颗粒。”他补充说，全球海洋中微塑料的指数级增长使得有必 要“ 引入一个企业对其制造的产品的整个生命周期负责的时代”。表示“预计……”短语为 be expected to，陈 述客观事实用一般现在时，非限制性定语从句修饰 trend，在从句中作主语，谓语用单数。故填 is
expected。
100 ．考查 it 用法。句意：埃里克森说:“我们发现， 自千年以来，全球海洋中的微塑料呈指数级增长，这一
趋势令人担忧，预计将达到 170 万亿个塑料颗粒。”他补充说，全球海洋中微塑料的指数级增长使得有必要“引 入一个企业对其制造的产品的整个生命周期负责的时代”。此处为 make it adj. to do sth.，it 作形式宾语，故 填 it。
【2022·河北 · 高三专题练习】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On April 22nd, the UNEP （United Nation Environment Programme ）called for increasing protection of Antarctica, 111 is the world's most southern continent. Scientists who are 112 （relate）to this programme say climate change and human activity have 113 （obvious）resulted in the melting（融化）of massive pieces of Antarctic ice. A variety of animals 114 （live）there are disappearing and oceans and
seas around the globe are rising.
Since 2019, scientists have travelled around the world, determined 115 （compare ）different
situations of different continents. Their findings show that the climate change leads 116 a shocking threat （威胁）to coastal cities. For example, Venice, 117 ancient city of Italy, is affected by the rising sea level. In addition, the number of famous buildings and priceless artworks 118 （destroy）by the salty water is
increasing.
Therefore, it's time that action 119 （take）to improve the serious situation. And many countries around the world are helping each other to find 120 （solution）to the problem together.
【答案】111．which 112 ．related 113 ．obviously 114 ．living 115 ．to compare 116 ．to
117 ．an 118 ．destroyed 119 ．should be taken 120 ．solutions
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述 4 月 22 日，联合国环境规划署(UNEP)呼吁加强对南极洲的 保护及原因。
111 ．考查定语从句。句意：4 月 22 日，联合国环境规划署(UNEP)呼吁加强对南极洲的保护，南极洲是世
界上最南端的大陆。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词 Antarctica，在从句中做主语，故填
which。
112 ．考查固定短语。句意：与该项目有关的科学家表示，气候变化和人类活动显然导致了南极大量冰块的 融化。短语 be related to，意为“与……有关” ，故填 related。
113 ．考查副词。句意：同上。设空处修饰动词，应用副词形式，故填 obviously。
114 ．考查现在分词。句意：生活在那里的各种动物正在消失，而世界各地的海洋都在上升。设空处修饰名 词作定语，和名词之间是主动关系，故填 living。
115 ．考查不定式。句意： 自 2019 年以来，科学家们走遍世界各地，决心比较不同大陆的不同情况。短语 determine to do，意为“决定做……” ，根据句意，故填 to compare。
116 ．考查固定短语。句意：他们的研究结果表明，气候变化对沿海城市造成了令人震惊的威胁。短语 lead to，意为“导致” ，故填 to。
117 ．考查冠词。句意：例如，意大利的一座古城威尼斯就受到海平面上升的影响。设空处修饰名词，表泛 指，应用冠词，空后面的词 ancient 以元音音素开头，故填 an。
118．考查过去分词。句意：此外，被盐水破坏的著名建筑和无价艺术品的数量正在增加。设空处修饰名词， 和名词之间是被动关系，用过去分词作定语，故填 destroyed。
119．考查虚拟语气和语态。句意：因此，是时候采取行动来改善这种严重的情况了。设空处为谓语，It’s time that 从句谓语一般用 should+动词原形，主语和谓语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填 should be
taken。
120 ．考查名词。句意：世界上许多国家正在互相帮助，共同寻找解决问题的办法。设空处作宾语，应用名 词 solution，根据句意可知应用复数形式，故填 solutions。
【2022 秋 · 内蒙古呼和浩特 · 高三阶段练习】阅读下面短文， 在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词） 或括号内 单词的正确形式。
In a new cartoon named Turtle Journey, Greenpeace UK, an environmental organization, 141
(highlight) ocean destruction from the perspective of a family of sea turtles.
142 (create) the film, Greenpeace UK teamed up with Aardman Animations, as well as
Oscar-winning actors and stars. The 143 (power) film follows the family of turtles as they make their way
across the seafloor to their home on a coral reef.
“Our ocean has been driven to breaking point during 144 past few years but it's a story that doesn't get told often enough,” says Will Mccallum, head of ocean at Greenpeace UK. Ocean damage is 145
(serious) affecting sea turtles and other sea creatures, many of which are faced 146 extinction at present.
“The story of this turtle family 147 (attempt) to get home in the damaged and changing ocean is a 148 (real) for many ocean creatures that are having their habitats destroyed due to human activity,” says
actress Olivia Colman, 149 voices a character in the film. “It is my hope 150 this film can
inspire more people to take action to protect our ocean.”
【答案】141．highlights 142．To create 143．powerful 144．the 145．seriously 146．with
147 ．attempting 148 ．reality 149 ．who 150 ．that
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新动画片《海龟之旅》，英国绿色和平组织从海龟家族的角度强调了 海洋破坏，呼吁人们保护环境。
141 ．考查时态。句意：在一部名为《海龟之旅》的新动画片中，英国绿色和平组织（Greenpeace UK）从 海龟家族的角度强调了海洋破坏。此处缺乏谓语，讲的是现在的事实，highlight 时态用一般现在时，主语 Greenpeace UK (an environmental organization 是同位语)是单数，谓语单数形式。故填 highlights。
142 ．考查动词不定式。句意：为了制作这部电影，英国绿色和平组织与阿德曼动画公司以及奥斯卡获奖演 员和明星合作。此处用动词不定式（to do）做目的状语，首字母大写。故填 To create。
143 ．考查形容词。句意：这部强有力的电影讲述了海龟一家穿过海底来到珊瑚礁上的家的故事。此处用形 容词 powerful 作定语，修饰名词 film。故填 powerful。
144 ．考查冠词。句意：“在过去几年中，我们的海洋已经到了崩溃的边缘，但这是一个没有被经常讲述的 故事，”英国绿色和平组织（Greenpeace UK）海洋主管 Will Mccallum 说。此处特指“过去几年” ，用定冠 词 the 表特指。故填 the。
145 ．考查副词。句意：海洋破坏正在严重影响海龟和其他海洋生物，其中许多目前正面临灭绝。此处用副 词 seriously 作状语，修饰动词 affecting。故填 seriously。
146 ．考查固定搭配。句意：海洋破坏正在严重影响海龟和其他海洋生物，其中许多目前正面临灭绝。固定 搭配 be faced with…(面临……)。故填 with。
147 ．考查现在分词。句意：女演员 Olivia Colman 在影片中为一个角色配音，她说：“对于许多因人类活动 而栖息地遭到破坏的海洋生物来说，海龟家族试图在受损和不断变化的海洋中回家的故事是一个现实。” 本句已有系动词 is 且无连词，动词 attempt 用非谓语形式，逻辑主语 this turtle family 与动词 attempt 是主
谓关系，attempt 用现在分词（doing）表主动，作后置定语，修饰名词 this turtle family。故填 attempting。 148 ．考查名词的数。句意：女演员 Olivia Colman 在影片中为一个角色配音，她说：“对于许多因人类活动 而栖息地遭到破坏的海洋生物来说，海龟家族试图在受损和不断变化的海洋中回家的故事是一个现实。”结 合不定冠词 a 可知，用单数名词 reality 作表语。故填 reality。
149 ．考查定语从句。句意：女演员 Olivia Colman 在影片中为一个角色配音，她说：“对于许多因人类活动 而栖息地遭到破坏的海洋生物来说，海龟家族试图在受损和不断变化的海洋中回家的故事是一个现实。”此 处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是 actress Olivia Colman，指人，在从句中作主语，用关系代词 who。故填
who。
150 ．考查同位语从句。句意：我希望这部电影能激励更多的人采取行动保护我们的海洋。空后句子是同位 语从句解释说明名词 hope 的内容，从句结构完整，不缺任何意义，用只起连接作用的 that。故填 that。
【2021 秋 ·湖北武汉 · 高三校联考期末】阅读下面短文， 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形 式。
Each year, billions of pounds of trash and other 171 （pollute）enter the ocean. Where do they go
Some sinks, some is eaten by sea animals 172 mistake it for food and some washes up on our beaches.
"There's almost nothing 173 （bad）than oceanfront sands littered with trash. It could be paradise," said Ma Jiayu, who joined the International Coastal Cleanup event, which was held by the Blue Ocean Conservation Association（BOCA）, 174 nonprofit organization in Shenzhen.
On the third weekend of last September, hundreds of volunteers 175 （ arm ）with bags, gloves, litter pickers got to work cleaning beaches. The volunteers— 176 （include）teenagers, teachers, workers and statesmen— 177 （separate）into 26 cleaning spots along the 260.5 kilometer coastline.
Founded by a few divers, the BOCA has long gone to the bottom of the ocean to clean. 178 heavy scuba tanks （潜水空气瓶）,masks and dive fins, divers face the dangers of low visibility or getting stuck. But they are happy 179 （save ）clownfish and protect the coral reefs.
"Change comes from each of us, through our actions and 180 （behave）. If you do it, others might do it as well through the power of example. And they will teach others to do it too, and slowly, our plant might start
being a cleaner place," said Ma Haipeng, the chairman of the BOCA .
【答案】171．pollutants 172．that/which 173．worse 174．a 175．armed 176．including
177 ．were separated 178 ．With 179 ．to save 180 ．behavior(s)
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们为拯救被污染的海洋所作出的种种努力。
171 ．考查名词。句意：每年，数十亿磅的垃圾和其他污染物进入海洋。被形容词 other 修饰，用名词形式， pollutant 表示污染物，为可数名词，因此用复数形式。故填 pollutants。
172 ．考查定语从句。句意：有些沉入海底，有些被海洋动物误认为食物吃掉，有些被冲到我们的海滩上。 句中先行词为 sea animals，在限定性定语从句中作主语，用关系代词 that/which 引导。故填 that/which。
173 ．考查形容词比较级。句意：没有什么比在海滨沙滩上乱丢垃圾更糟糕的了。句中 than 表示比较，因 此用形容词比较级。故填 worse。
174 ．考查冠词。句意：“没有什么比海滨沙滩上乱丢垃圾更糟糕的了。这简直就是天堂，”参加此次国际海 岸清理活动的马佳宇说。该活动由深圳的非营利组织蓝海保护协会(BOCA)举办。organization 为可数名词， 此处为泛指，nonprofit 发音以辅音音素开头。故填 a。
175 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：去年九月的第三个周末，数百名志愿者带着袋子、手套和捡垃圾的人开始了 清洁海滩的工作。arm 与 volunteers 为动宾关系，因此用过去分词形式表被动。故填 armed。
176 ．考查介词。句意：这些志愿者包括青少年、教师、工人和政治家，他们被分成沿着 260.5 公里海岸线 的 26 个清洁点。including 通常作介词，表示“包括” ，符合句意。故填 including。
177 ．考查时态和语态。句意：这些志愿者包括青少年、教师、工人和政治家，他们被分成沿着 260.5 公里 海岸线的 26 个清洁点。separate 和 the volunteers 为动宾结构，用被动语态，主语为 the volunteers，谓语 动词用复数形式，分析句意可知，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时。故填 were separated。
178．考查介词。句意：带着沉重的氧气罐、面罩和潜水鳍，潜水员面临着能见度低或被困的危险。介词 with 表示“带着” ，符合文意。故填 with。
179 ．考查固定搭配。句意：但他们很高兴拯救小丑鱼和保护珊瑚礁。be happy to do sth.很高兴做某事。故 填 to save。
180 ．考查名词。句意：改变来自于我们每个人，通过我们的行动和行为。根据“and”及提示“behave”可知， 填空处应与 actions 词性相同，所以用名词 behavior，可作抽象名词或具体的事，所以可用不可数形式或复 数形式。故填 behavior(s)。
【2020 秋 ·河南 · 高三校阶段练习】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Recently, Seychelles President Danny Faure has come up with a unique way of global protection of the seas. He has delivered 181 （power ）speech from 124 meters below the ocean’s surface. In his speech, Faure
called on the world to better protect the beating blue heart of our planet.
Seychelles, 182 （lie）off the coast of East Africa, is a country made up 183 115 islands in the Indian Ocean. It is one of many island nations 184 （affect） by global warming. The country is home to many kinds of world’s reefs and wildlife such as the giant Aldabra tortoises（乌龟）, one of the largest species of tortoises on Earth. Land erosion and dying coral reefs alongside have increased the 185 （frequent ）of
extreme weather events that threaten the island nation’s existence.
“It is not just because I am from paradise on Earth that I have a special relationship with the sea--the sea 186 (have) a special relationship with all of us. 187 is clear to us all that it is under threat like never before,” Faure said. “This problem is 188 (big) than any other problem, and we can’t wait for the next
generation to solve it.”
At the UN Convention on Biological Diversity last year, officials 189 （ announce ） that only 5% of the world’s oceans are protected and guaranteed to increase the area to 10% by 2020. Still, experts are skeptical that
these official-looking goals can be met 190 global calls to action are valued.
【答案】181 ．powerful 182 ．lying 183 ．of 184 ．affected/being affected 185 ．frequency
186 ．has 187 ．It 188 ．bigger 189 ．announced 190 ．unless
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了塞舌尔的总统在水下做演讲，呼吁人们保护海洋。
181 ．考查形容词。句意：他在海平面以下 124 米的地方发表有力的演讲。修饰名词 speech，应该用形容词 形式；power 是名词，形容词形式为 powerful。故填 powerful。
182 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：塞舌尔位于东非海岸，是一个由印度洋上 115 个岛屿组成的国家。分析句子 结构可知，“ (lie)off the coast of East Africa”是后置定语，动词 lie 与句子主语 Seychelles 是逻辑上的主 动关系，应用现在分词做后置定语；lie 的现在分词是 lying。故填 lying。
183 ．考查介词。句意：塞舌尔位于东非海岸，是一个由印度洋上 115 个岛屿组成的国家。此处是固定短语 be made up of“由……组成”。故填 of 。
184．考查非谓语动词。句意：它是受全球变暖影响的许多岛国之一。分析句子结构，“ (affect) by global warming”是后置定语，动词 affect 与 many island nations 是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词做后置定语； 也可用 being affected，表示“正受到影响” ，强调正在进行的被动动作。故填 affected / being affected 。
185 ．考查名词。句意：土地侵蚀和濒临死亡的珊瑚礁增加了极端天气事件的频率，这威胁着这个岛国的生 存。在定冠词 the 后应该是名词形式，在句中作宾语；frequent 是形容词，名词形式为 frequency。故填
frequency。
186 ．考查动词时态。句意：不仅仅因为我来自人间天堂，我和大海有着特殊的关系——大海和我们所有人 都有特殊的关系。句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语 the sea 是单数意义，谓语动词应用单数 第三人称形式；have 的单数第三人称形式是 has。故填 has。
187 ．考查代词。句意：我们都清楚，它正面临前所未有的威胁。此处 it 作形式主语，指代后面的 that 引 导的主语从句。故填 It。
188 ．考查形容词的比较级。句意：这个问题比任何其他问题都严重，我们不能坐等下一代来解决它。根据 后面的 than 可知，此处应用 big 的比较级形式；big 的比较级需双写-g，再加-er。故填 bigger。
189 ．考查动词时态。句意：在去年的联合国生物多样性大会上，官员们宣布，世界上只有 5%的海洋受到 保护，并保证到 2020 年将海洋面积增加到 10%。根据时间状语 last year，句子叙述的是过去的事情，应该 用一般过去时。故填 announced。
190 ．考查连词。句意：不过，专家们对这些看似官方的目标能否实现表示怀疑，除非全球采取行动的呼声 得到重视。根据句意，前句提到“专家们怀疑这些官方的目标是否能够被完成” ，后句提到“全球行动的呼吁 受到重视” ，后句应该是条件从句，应用 unless 引导条件状语从句。故填 unless。
【2021·高三课时练习】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Scientists often compare coral reefs to underwater rainforests, yet unlike the leafy plant base of a forest, corals
are animals.The soft organs inside the hard parts of corals are naturally transparent and get 191 (they)
famously brilliant color from algae(藻类） living inside them.
When corals experience stress from hot temperatures or 192 (pollute),they end their interdependent relationship with this algae,typically forcing them out 193 turning white, though one recent study indicates some corals turn a bright neon color when stressed.Corals are still alive when they bleach( 白化）， but they're 194 risk-essentially immunocompromised(免疫功能低下）－and many 195 (eventual) starve and die,
turning a dark brown.
People first noticed coral bleaching events in the 1980s.The problem worsened in 2016, when an El Nino weather pattern, 196 causes warmer waters in the Pacific Ocean, 197 （mix) with an already
unseasonably warm ocean and killed off a third of the corals on the Great Barrier Reef.Since then, roughly half the corals on Australia's famous reefs 198 （die) in following bleaching events, risking an underwater landscape
1,500 miles long.
Scientists around the world are looking for all kinds of ways to protect and maybe even revive corals.One option is 199 (create) more marine protected areas-essentially national parks in the ocean.Scientists say
creating marine shelter, where fishing, mining,and recreating are off limits, makes the reefs 200 (healthy),
and so much stronger.
【答案】191 ．their 192 ．pollution 193 ．and 194 ．at 195 ．eventually 196 ．which
197 ．mixed 198 ．have died 199 ．to create/creating 200 ．healthier
【分析】本文是说明文。当珊瑚遭受到高温或污染，他们结束和藻类的共生关系，迫使藻类离开，珊瑚褪 变成白色。许多白化后的珊瑚最终饿死和死掉，为了使珊瑚礁更健康更强壮，科学家称创造海洋生物避难 处，限制渔业、开矿和再创造。
191 ．考查代词。句意：珊瑚中硬体部分中的软器官是天然透明的并且从生活在他们体内的藻类中得到著名 的绚烂颜色。根据句子结构可知，此处修饰名词 color，故使用形容词性物主代词形式。故填 their 。
192 ．考查名词。句意：当珊瑚遭受到高温或污染，他们结束和藻类的共生关系，迫使藻类离开，珊瑚褪变 成白色。根据并列连词 or 和前面的名词 temperatures 可知，此处应用名词与 temperatures 并列，故填其 名词形式。故填 pollution 。
193 ．考查连词。句意：当珊瑚遭受到高温或污染，他们结束和藻类的共生关系，迫使藻类离开，珊瑚褪变 成白色。连接两个并列的现在分词形式 forcing 和 turning，且意义表顺接，应使用并列连词 and。故填
and。
194 ．考查介词。句意：珊瑚白化时还活着，但他们处于危险中——主要是免疫功能不全——许多最终饿死 和死掉，变成深棕色。固定搭配 at risk，意为"处于危险中"。故填 at 。
195 ．考查副词。句意：珊瑚白化时还活着，但他们处于危险中——主要是免疫功能不全——许多最终饿死 和死掉，变成深棕色。修饰动词 starve 应使用其副词形式。故填 eventualy。
196 ．考查定语从句。句意：当额尔尼娜天气导致太平洋水域升温时，混合已经无季节的海洋暖化杀死了大 堡礁三分之一的珊瑚。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为 pattern，在从句中作主语，指物，故填 which。 197 ．考查谓语动词。句意：当额尔尼娜天气导致太平洋水域升温时，混合已经无季节的海洋暖化杀死了大 堡礁三分之一的珊瑚。此处为谓语，与主语 El Nino weather pattern 为主谓关系。根据时间状语 2016 可知， 此处应使用一般过去时。另外，根据并列连词 and 和 killed 也可推断出答案。故填 mixed。
198．考查动词时态。句意：自从那会起，澳大利亚著名的珊瑚礁上一半的珊瑚在接下来的白化事件中死掉。 分析句子结构可知，此处缺少谓语，根据时间状语 Since then 可知用现在完成时，主语 half the corals 是复 数，助动词用 have。故填 have died 。
199 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：一种选择是创造更多的海洋保护区。此处非谓动词作表语，是对主语 option 的解释说明，用不定式或动名词均可。故填 to create/creating 。
200 ．考查形容词。句意：科学家称创造海洋生物避难处，在那里渔业、开矿和再创造都是禁止的，来让珊
瑚礁更健康更强壮。根据并列连词 and 和其后的 stronger 可知，此处也应该使用比较级形式。故填
helthicr 。
【2021 秋 · 高三课时练习】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Hidden beneath the ocean waters and often 201 (call) the " rainforests of the sea", coral reefs(珊瑚礁)are some of the most diverse ecosystems on Earth, with perhaps one-quarter of all ocean species relying on reefs for 202 (survive). Being home to countless sea 203 (creature), coral reefs are important ecosystems for coastal people, too. It is estimated 204 coral reefs contribute billions of dollars to world economies annually,
205 (provide) food, protection of shorelines, and jobs.
Unfortunately, coral species are being 206 (severe) threatened, many of which 207 (destroy) by
pollution, overfishing practices, and other impacts over the past centuries. Climate change, which results in rising ocean temperatures and ocean acidification( 酸化) ， 208 (be) the most pressing threat to coral reefs now. High water temperatures cause corals to lose the algae( 海藻) that provide them with food, 209 makes the corals appear white or bleaching (白化)and can increase outbreaks of infectious disease.
A team of researchers are trying to develop super corals at their research center at the moment. They began by selecting certain coral species that seem to have adapted. to the changing ocean conditions better 210 others.
Hopefully, the super corals will not only survive but thrive in the warmer and increasingly acidic oceans.
【答案】201．called 202．survival 203．creatures 204．that 205．providing 206．severely
207 ．have been destroyed 208 ．is 209 ．which 210 ．than
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了珊瑚礁对海洋生物和沿海人民的重要性，同时指出珊瑚礁正在受到 污染、过度捕捞等的严重威胁。研究者们正在努力研发一种超级珊瑚来缓解该问题。
201 ．考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处是非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语 coral reefs 和 call 之间是被动 关系，应用过去分词，故填 called。
202 ．考查动名词。分析句子可知，此处应用名词作为介词 for 的宾语，故填 survival。
203 ．考查名词的数。creature“生物”是可数名词，由上文的 countless 判断用该词的复数形式，故填
creatures。
204．考查主语从句。分析句子可知，此处是主语从句的连接词，从句 coral reefs contribute billions of dollars to world economies annually 的成分和意义都完整，应用连接词 that，故填 that。
205 ．考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处是非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语 coral reefs 和 provide 之间是 主动关系，应用现在分词，故填 providing。
206 ．考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词 threaten，故填 severely。
207．考查时态和语态。分析句子可知，此处是定语从句的谓语动词，由下文的 over the past centuries 判断 为现在完成时， 从句主语 which 指代先行词 coral species，和 destroy 之间是被动关系，故应用现在完成 时的被动语态，主语是复数，故填 have been destroyed。
208 ．考查主谓一致。分析句子可知，此处是句子谓语动词，主语 climate change 是第三人称单数，又此处 讲述一般事实，应用一般现在时，故填 is。
209 ．考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此处是非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词是前面的整个句子，它在 从句中充当主语，应用关系代词 which，故填 which。
210 ．考查介词。根据 better 判断此处填介词 than ，better than“比……好” ，故填 than。
【2019 春 · 江苏南京 · 高三金陵中学校考】阅读下面短文， 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确 形式。
Fabien Cousteau was born with deep love for the ocean. His grandfather and his father were ocean 211 (explore) and documentary filmmakers. Today, Fabien 212 (follow) his family’s footstep,tryingto protect the
planet’s endangered ocean life and to reach a 213 between environmental problems and market economies.
Fabien is well known for his study of sharks. In 2001,he created a TV special based on the shark attacks that 214 (occur) along the New Jersey shoreline in 1916. Then in 2003, 215 the help of a large crew, Fabien created a shark submarine that enabled him to put 216 (he) inside the shark world. For the next four years,
Fabien was part of a series called Ocean Adventures, 217 offered a rare look into some of the most
fantastic ocean species. In 2010, Fabien and his team spent 31 days underwater to discover 218 climate
change and pollution which are affecting the oceans.
Fabien is 219 (current) working on a documentary film about the adventures of Mission 31, as well
as 220 (build) an Ocean Learning Center to provide children with the opportunity to learn about oceans.
【答案】211．explorers 212．follows 213．balance 214．occurred 215．with 216．himself
217 ．which 218 ．the 219 ．currently 220 ．building
【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了一个海洋爱好者 Fabien Cousteau，为追随家人的脚步，试图保护地球上 濒临灭绝的海洋生物的事迹。
211 ．考查名词的数。句意：他的祖父和父亲是海洋探险家和纪录片制片人。根据下文 and documentary filmmakers 可知应填名词复数形式 explorers。
212 ．考查动词时态。句意：如今，Fabien 追随家人的脚步，试图保护地球上濒临灭绝的海洋生物。根据上 文 Today 可知描述目前的情况用一般现在时，主语为 Fabien，故填 follows。
213 ．考查名词。句意：如今，Fabien 追随家人的脚步，试图保护地球上濒临灭绝的海洋生物，并在环境问 题和市场经济之间取得平衡。固定短语 reach a balance “达到平衡”故填名词 balance。
214 ．考查动词时态。句意：2001 年，他根据 1916 年发生在新泽西海岸线上的鲨鱼袭击事件制作了一个电 视特别节目。根据下文 in 1916 可知为一般过去时，故填 occurred。
215 ．考查介词。句意：然后在 2003 年，在一大批船员的帮助下，Fabien 造了一艘鲨鱼潜艇，使他能够把 自己置身于鲨鱼世界。短语 with the help of“在…… 的帮助下” ，故填 with。
216 ．考查反身代词。根据上文 enabled him to put 可知是“使他能够把他自己置于鲨鱼世界” ，故填
himself。
217 ．考查定语从句连接词。句意：在接下来的四年里，Fabien 参加了一个名为“海洋探险” 的系列活动，该 活动让我们得以一窥一些最神奇的海洋物种。本句为定语从句修饰先行词 a series，且先行词在从句中做主 语，指物，故填关系代词 which。
218 ．考查冠词。句意：2010 年，Fabien 和他的团队在水下呆了 31 天，探索影响海洋的气候变化和污染。 change 为可数名词，此处特指“气候变化”故填 the。
219 ．考查副词。句意：Fabien 目前正在拍摄一部关于《使命 31》冒险故事的纪录片，并正在建设一个海 洋学习中心，为孩子们提供学习海洋的机会。修饰动词 work 应用副词，故填 currently。
220．考查动词时态。根据上文 as well as 表示“也；不但……而且”，连接两个并列谓语，根据上文 is currently working 可知为现在进行时，故填 building。
【2023·全国 ·模拟预测】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
To stop plastic waste reaching the ocean, an Italian firm has invented 221 seems to be a perfect tool to pick up litter before it gets there. Almost 80 percent of ocean waste comes from 100 of the world’s 222
(large) waterways. So, stopping waste at source is a solution that can be 223 (whole) workable.
The company had to get over a few 224 (difficult) before it could test out the invention properly. For example, its device had to allow boats to easily pass through while being able to run 24/7 with no influence
225 the river’s environment. The result is River Cleaning. 226 (attach) to the river bed, River
Cleaning is a series of buoys (浮标) that spin on axles (轴) powered by the natural flow of the river, with the ability 227 (collect) different kinds of waste. River Cleaning, 228 about 100 percent scalable (可缩放的),
low-cost and low-impact solution, can collect 85 percent of the waste 229 (pass) by it. So, if it is used in
all the right places, up to 85 percent of rubbish 230 (prevent) from entering the ocean in the near future.
【答案】221．what 222．largest 223．wholly 224．difficulties 225．on/upon 226．Attached
227 ．to collect 228 ．an 229 ．passing 230 ．will be prevented
【导语】本文是说明文。本文简要介绍了一种由意大利公司发明的收集河道中垃圾的工具——River
Cleaning。
221 ．考查名词性从句。句意：为了防止塑料垃圾流入海洋，一家意大利公司发明了一种似乎能在垃圾到达 海洋之前就收集它们的完美工具。分析句子可知，空处在句中引导宾语从句，并在从句中作主语，表示
“ …… 的事物”。故填 what。
222．考查形容词最高级。句意：几乎 80%的海洋垃圾来自世界上最大的 100 条水道。根据空前的“100 of the world’s”及空后的名词 waterways 可知，此处应填形容词的最高级形式。故填 largest。
223．考查副词。句意：因此，从源头上杜绝浪费是一种完全可行的解决方案。空处在句中修饰形容词workable， 故填所给词的副词形式。故填 wholly。
224 ．考查名词。句意：该公司必须克服一些困难才能对这项发明进行适当的试验。分析句子结构可知，空 处在句子中作 get over 的宾语，应用名词。再根据空前的 a few 可知，此处应填名词的复数形式。故填
difficulties。
225 ．考查介词。句意：例如，它的设备必须能允许船只轻松通过，同时能够全天候运行，不会对河流环境 造成影响。此处为固定短语 influence on/upon 意为“对…… 的影响”。故填 on/upon。
226 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：连接在河床上的“河流清洁”是一系列由河流自然流动提供动力的轴上旋转的 浮标，具有收集不同种类废物的能力。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，attach 与句子主语 River Cleaning 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式，句首单词首字母大写。故填 Attached。
227 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：连接在河床上的“河流清洁”是一系列由河流自然流动提供动力的轴上旋转的 浮标，具有收集不同种类废物的能力。分析句子可知，此处为习惯用法 the ability to do sth. 意为“做某事的 能力” ，为不定式作定语成分。故填 to collect。
228．考查冠词。句意：“河流清洁”是一种 100%可扩展、低成本、低影响的解决方案，可以收集经过它的 85% 的废物。“ about 100 percent scalable (可缩放的), low-cost and low-impact solution”是 River Cleaning 的同位语，此处 solution 表泛指，且 about 发音以元音音素开头，所以为不定冠词 an。故填 an。
229 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：“河流清洁”是一种 100%可扩展、低成本、低影响的解决方案，可以收集经 过它的 85%的废物。空处作定语修饰 waste，pass“通过”与被修饰词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分 词形式。故填 passing。
230 ．考查时态和语态。句意：因此，如果在所有正确的地方使用它，在不久的将来，高达 85%的垃圾将被 阻止进入海洋。根据时间状语“in the near future”可知，主句用一般将来时；主句主语与 prevent 之间是被 动关系，应用被动语态。故填 will be prevented。
【2023·全国 · 高三专题练习】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Although the impact of climate change on the world’s oceans was the biggest marine story in 2022, plenty of other 231 (amaze) saltwater milestones deserve attention. Scientists found that the largest plant in the world is a seagrass. Researchers also added a piece to the puzzle of one of the world’s most mysterious animal migrations
and 232 (witness) the record impact of an underwater eruption. The impacts of climate change on oceans
aren’t just 233 drop in the bucket (桶). Our seas are becoming 234 (warm) and more acidic—and melting sea ice is leading to global sea level rise. At the United Nations Climate Change Conference, or COP27, 235
(hold) this November in Egypt, many ocean problems and some possible 236 (solution) came into focus.
Scientists announced that summers with no Arctic Ocean sea ice are pretty much a guarantee, no matter what efforts are made to reduce carbon in 237 (we) atmosphere. This means new shipping paths will be reliably open, but it also means that species that thrive (茁壮成长) on sea ice will have to adapt 238 (significant) and may suffer. Despite reports that highlighted the negative impacts of a warming climate on the ocean, hope was 239 the menu at the conference as well. The United States and Norway launched a Green Shipping Challenge, 240 encourages governments, ports and companies to transform the industry via sustainable methods and green
technologies.
【答案】231 ．amazing 232 ．witnessed 233 ．a 234 ．warmer 235 ．held 236 ．solutions
237 ．our 238 ．significantly 239 ．on 240 ．which
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。当今气候变化对世界海洋的影响，有很多海洋问题亟待我们人类去解决。
231 ．考查形容词。句意：尽管气候变化对世界海洋的影响是 2022 年最大的海洋新闻，但其他许多令人惊 叹的咸水里程碑也值得关注。修饰名词 milestones 应用用形容词 amazing，意为“令人震惊的” ，作定语。 故填 amazing。
232 ．考查时态。句意：研究人员还为世界上最神秘的动物迁徙之谜之一增加了一块拼图，并目睹了水下火 山喷发的创纪录影响。设空处与 added 并列，同为谓语动词，也用动词过去式，为一般过去时。故填
witnessed。
233 ．考查冠词。句意：气候变化对海洋的影响不是微不足道的。drop 是名词的单数形式，意为“一滴
（水） , 辅音音素开头，故用 a 来修饰，a drop in the bucket 意为“沧海一粟，九牛一毛，微不足道”。故 填 a。
234 ．考查形容词比较级。句意：我们的海洋正变得越来越暖，越来越酸——融化的海冰正导致全球海平面 上升。设空处与 more acidic 并列，也用形容词的比较级形式 warmer ，作表语。故填 warmer。
235 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：今年 11 月在埃及举行的联合国气候变化大会上，许多海洋问题和一些可能 的解决方案成为焦点。句子的谓语为 came ，设空处修饰名词短语 the United Nations Climate Change
Conference, or COP27，为动宾关系，应用过去分词形式，作后置定语。故填 held。
236 ．考查名词复数。句意：今年 11 月在埃及举行的联合国气候变化大会上，许多海洋问题和一些可能的 解决方案成为焦点。solution 为可数名词，some 修饰可数名词的复数形式，故填 solutions。
237 ．考查代词。句意：科学家们宣布，无论我们如何努力减少大气中的碳，夏季没有北冰洋海冰几乎是必 然的。名词 atmosphere 前应用形容词性物主代词 our ，作前置定语。故填 our。
238 ．考查副词。句意：这意味着新的航线将可靠地开放，但这也意味着在海冰上茁壮成长的物种将不得不 大幅适应，并可能遭受损失。修饰动词 adapt 用副词形式 significantly，意为“ 明显地，显著地” ，作状语。 故填 significantly。
239 ．考查介词。句意：尽管有报道强调了气候变暖对海洋的负面影响，但希望也出现在了会议的菜单上。 on the menu 意为“在菜单上” ，这里 hope was on the menu 引申为“希望也是可以被看到的” ，设空处填介词 on。故填 on。
240 ．考查定语从句。句意：美国和挪威发起了一项绿色航运挑战，鼓励政府、港口和公司通过可持续的方
法和绿色技术来改造航运业。此处考查非限制性定语从句，a Green Shipping Challenge 为先行词，后接非 限制性定语从句，关系代词做主语，为物，应用关系代词 which 引导从句。故填 which。

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