资源简介

一、综合素材积累-从句：
（一）、定语从句
1.他们开车把儿子送到离城里好儿个小时乍程的大学,他不久将要住那儿生活和学习。
They had driven their son several hours out of town to the university where he would soon be living and studying
2.我喃喃地念希校长的话，说完爷爷难以置信瞪圆了眼睛。
I murmured the principal's words, after which Grandpa's eyes rounded in disbelief.
3.我给他打了儿次电话，都没有人接电话，这让我有些意外，也有些担心.
I called him several times, no one answering the phone, which made me surprised and a bit worried
4.很快,一道可怕的声音响起，让在场的人都开始颤抖起来。
Soon a terrible sound was heard, which made the audience start to tremble
5.我11岁的女儿伊丽莎门开始谈论要戒掉游泳，这让我心碎，因为她点欢游泳。
My ll-year-old daughter; Elizabeth, started to talk about quitting swimming, which broke my heart because she loves swimming.
6.她知逍这足一项艰巨的任务，需耍很多累人、细心和耐心的匸作。
She knew it was a hard task, which needed a lot of tiring, careful and patient work.
7.他点了点头，与她交换了一个坚定的眼神，这讣她的心及时地平静了下來。
He nodded and exchanged a determined glance with her which timely put her heart back in place
8.同时，还有一个女孩写的纸条，上面写着：“我们很高兴能够帮助你。
At the same time, there was a note written by a girl, which read, We are very happy to be able to help you.
9.在这个链条(chain)中，无论足笫一个人述是最后一个人，他们都是我们的英雄，帮助我们的家 人脱离困境。
Whether it is the first person or the last person in the chain* they are all our heroes* who helped get our family out of trouble.
10.他被颁发了最佳阅读奖，这使他异常开心仿佛在空中飘一样。
He was presented the best readers who made most progress, which made him in high spirits as if floating on the air
（二）、状语从句
1 .经历了可怕的冒险之后，麦克安全回到家，回到他爱的家人身边，他感到如释重负。
After his terrifying adventure, Mac felt relieved when he reached home safe to his loving family.
2.他们努力去救几个兄弟Tabatha,但徒劳无功，一个很冒险的想法出现在他头脑里。
When they tried in vain to rescue the brothers and Tabatha,a risky idea came to them.
3.随着他拿手指向那辆停着的车，泪水顺着他的脸留下来。
Tears were streaming down the boy's face as he pointed to the parked can
4 .无论情况多糟糕，在紧急情况下我们都要试图保持冷静.
No matter how/However awful/terrible the situation is, vve should make an attempt to keep calm in an emergency.
5.碰巧,我们正要屈服于命运，这时一艘豪华游艇出现在我们眼前，船头站着马特，他正兴奋地向我 们挥手。
As luck would have it, we were about to give in to fate when a fancy yacht came into our sight, on the prow of which was Mat waving excitedly at us.
6.她到达时，不停地道谢，感激的泪水在她的眼睛里闪烁。
When she arrived, she kept saying thanks, her eyes glinting with gratitude.
7 .看着地图，他心中涌起一股自信。
A surge of confidence washed over him as he looked at the map.
8.当梅根甌養头,喜气洋洋地大步走向讲台时廢蕾我几乎认不出她了。
When Meagan strode to the platform, head high and beaming, Teresa hardly recognized her.
（三）、名词性从句（主语从句、同位语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）
1.我们从未想到,看似无用的事物具有魔力。（主从+表从）
What we never expected was that seemingly useless things had magic power
2.经过了似乎几个世纪，一个高大、强壮、可怕的稻草人被精心制作出来。（宾从）
After what seemed like centuries, a tail. strong and terrifying scarecrow was created/made/ crafted
3.此刻，阳光沐浴着他们,Ben的心里暖暖的，从心底感激着邻居为他所做的一切。（宾从）
At this moment, the sun bathing them, Ben's heart was warm.He thanked his neighbor from the bottom of his heart for what she had done for him.
4.很明显冰和血的混合物浸透了我的背包，溅了我一身，这就是为什么我看起来像个事故受害者。（主从）
It was apparent that the mixture of water and blood had run through my backpack and all over me^ which is the reason why I looked like an accident victim.
5.我感到一阵被拒绝的痛苦，想知道我可能做了什么，应该得到这样的待遇。（宾从）
I felt a pang of rejection, wondering what I could have possibly done to deserve such treatment.
6.当我们走近那位女士时，她的脸上闪现出一丝希望。她解释说她的车坏了，把她困在了路上。（状从 + 宾从）
As we approached the lady, her face lit up with a glimmer of hope. She explained that her car had broken down, leaving her trapped on the way.
7.原来她己经在这里等了大约8个小时，搭便车去市中心。 （主从）
It turned out that she had waited here for about 8 hours to hitchhike to the city center.
8.我耐心地解释说，种子可以发芽、生长并茁壮成长为植物、花朵和树木；像铅笔和茶匙这样的死的 东西只能被制造或生产，但永远不会生长。（宾从）
Patiently, I explained that seeds can sprout, grow and thrive into plants, flowers and trees; dead things like pencils and teaspoons can only be made or produced, but never grown.
9 .安迪的信心飙升，他意识到成功的关键不仅仅是被动地记忆事实，而是真正理解并积极联系材料。（宾从）
Andy's confidence soared, and he realized that the key to success was not just passively memorizing facts but truly understanding and actively connecting with the material.
二、具体用法
1.宾语从句
1） 由 whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever 引导的宾语从句
1.I don't believe whatever he said.
I don't believe anything he says.
无论他说什么我都不信。
2.He does Whatever she asks him to do.
He does whatever she wants him to do.
她要他做什么，他就做什么。
3.I'll give the ticket to whoever wants it.
If you want this ticket, I'll give it to whoever you want
请想要这票，我就把它给谁。
4.I'll take whoever wants to go.
I'll take whoever wants to go.
谁想去我就带谁去。
5.Take whichever you like.
You can take whichever you like.
哪个你喜欢你就拿哪个。
I'll take whichever books you don't want.
I'll take any book you don't want.
你不要的任何书我都要。
Give it to whomever you like.
You can give it to whoever you want.
你愿意杷它给谁就给谁。
用it作形式宾语的宾语从句
1.The headmaster has made it clear that the school meeting will not be put off
The principal made it very clear that there would be a delay.
校长说得很清楚校会不会推迟。
2.I take it for granted that you won the first prize.
I take it for granted that you will win the first prize.
我认为你获一等奖是理所当然的事。
3.He did not say when he would be back.
He hasn't made it clear when he is coming back.
他没有说明他什 么肘候回来。
4.I take it that you have been out.
I thought you were out all the time
我以为你一直出门在外
You can put it that it was arranged before.
You could say it was arranged before.
你可以说这是以前安排的。
6.I hate it when people eat and talk at the same time.
I hate it when people talk with &their mouths full.
我讨厌人们一边吃饭一边说话。
7.I like dark weather.
I like it when the weather is clear and bright.
我喜欢暗朗的天气。
3） 由what引导的从句
I think Father would like to know what I've been up to so far, so I decided to send him a quick note.
I thought my father wanted to know what I was doing, so I decided to send him a text.
我想父亲想知道目前我在做什 么，所以我决定给他发个短信。
Our hometown has changed a lot, and now it is quite different from what it used to be a few years ago.
Our hometown has changed a lot. What it looked like a few years ago is completely different.
我们的家乡变化很大，它出现在数年前的样子完全不同。
A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago.
A modern city has been set aside where ten years ago was a rubbish dump.
一座现代化城市已经在十年前是垃圾场的地方拨地而起。
2.表语从句
在句子中充当表语的从句称为表语从句。表语从句位干系动词之后。
1） 由that引导的表语从句（that有肘可以省略）。
The truth is （that） he was very shy.
The truth is that he is shy.
事实是他很害羞。
2） 由连接代词引导的表语从句。
What I want to know is which road we should take.
What I want to know is which way we should go.
我想知道的是我们应走哪条路。
3） 由连接副词引导的表语从句。
That's where I first met her.
That's where I first met her
那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。
Go and get your coat. It's where you left it.
Get the raincoat. Right where you left it.
去把雨衣拿来。就在你原来放的地方。
4） 由because引导的表语从句。
That's because you can't appreciate music.
It's because you can't appreciate music
这是因为你不能欣赏音乐
That's because we never thought of it.
That's because we never thought about it.
这是因为我们从未想过此事。
由whether引导的表语从句。
The question is whether the film is worth seeing.
问题是这部电影是否值得看。
What we want to know is whether he will come to speak to us tomorrow.
我们想知道的是他明天是否来给我们讲话
6） 由like引导的表语从句。
She acts like she owns the place.
她很霸道，就好像那地方都是她的。
She felt like she was addicted to the Internet
她觉得她好像有网瘾。
7） 由as if/as though引导的表语从句。
At that time, it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word anyhow.
当时，我似平怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。
Now it was as though she had known Millie for years.
现在好像她认识米莉已有好多年了似的。
8） 由as/just as引导的表语从句。
Things are not always as they seem to be.
情并不总像表面上看
3.主语从句
主语从句lt做形式主语/What引导的主语从句
1)it作不定式的形式主语
a) it + be +形容词＋不定式
It is difficult to get there before dark.
天黑以前赶到那里很困难。
It is better to get up early.
早起会更好。
b) it+ be +名词＋不定式
It was his duty to attend to this matter.
处理这个问题是他的责任。
It is the file system's job to manage writing data between the disks and memory.
在内存和磁盘上管理数据是文件系统要处理的东西。
c) it+动词＋宾语＋不定式
takes a lot of effort to recover the system.
恢复系统不是一件容易的事情。
It makes me sad to hear that you have to go away.
听说你一定要走，我很难过。
d)it + be +介词短语＋不定式
It is against the law to steal。
偷窃是犯法的。
2)it作动名词的形式主语
a) it + be +名词+动名词（常用的名词有no good,no use,nuisance,a waste,a wonder等)
It's a wonder meeting you here!
在这里遇见你真是个奇迹!
It's no use doing a lot of work without thoughtful planning.
没有考虑周到的计划而做一大堆工作是没用的。
b) it + be +形容词＋动名词
It was very difficult getting everything ready in time.
要及时做好一切准备很难。
ls it worthwhile hating each other over such a trifle
为了这么点事儿，你俩至干结冤吗
c)其他情况
It doesn’t matter putting these two files together.
把这两份文件放在一起没关系。
It doesn’t make any difference my being here.
我是否在这儿并不能改变什么。（注:这里my为动名词的逻辑主语)
3)it作主语从句的形式主语
a) it+ be +形容词＋从句
It is clear that the chosen pattern is not the correct one.
显然，所选择的图式是错误的。
It is doubtful whether this method is more scientific.
这个方法是否更科学值得怀疑。
b) it + be +名词＋从句
It is a pity that we shall have to leave tomorrow.
我们明天必须离开，真是遗憾。
It is a complete mystery what caused the accident.
是什么引起这场事故完全是个谜。
c)it+动词(+宾语或状语)+从句
It matters little who does it so long as it is done.
只要事情做了，谁做都行。
It happens that his sister is a closed friend of mine.
碰巧她姐姐是我的一个好朋友。
d)it+动词的被动语态+从句
It is said that the rhythm of tides is affected by the moon.
据说潮汐的涨落受月亮的影响。
It is estimated that the output will increase by 20%this year.
今年预计产量将提高20%。
e) it+介词＋从句
It is out of question that China's economy will keep growing for4o years.
中国经济增长40年应该不成问题。
4 .同位语从句
that引导的同位语从句.对前面的抽象名词(fact, news, truth, idea, word, suggestion...)进行解释说明
Harry doesn't have the slightest idea what they are talking about
Harry 全不知道他们在说什么。
The idea that they should try a second time is worth considering.
他们应该再次尝试的想法值得考虑。
The idea that we discuss the topic together is really a relief to me.
我们一起来讨论这个话题的主意真是辻我松了一口气。
I enjoy every happy moment despite the fact that training life is rally difficult.
尽管训练生活很辛苦，但我珍惜每一个幸福时刻。
Word came that he had won the first prize in the competition, making us delighted and excited.
他竞赛获得一等奖的消息传来，我们又高兴又激动。
She is seized with sorrow at the thought that her efforts might be in vain.
—想到她的努力可能会付之东流，她就悲痛难忍。
The thought that we might have got lost in such darkness sent shivers down my spine
想到我们可能在这样的黑暗中迷了路，我吓得浑身发抖
The awful thought crowded in Jack's mind that the man could probably do harm to the family in order to steal precious belongings in the house
Jack脑海里涌起一个可怕的想法，这个人可能会为了偷房子里的贵重物品而伤害这家人
An idea flashed into Jack's mind that he could wake the family by throwing some stones into the house.
Jack突然想到一个主意，他可以扔一些石头到房子里，杷这家人吵醒。
I accepted my father's suggestion that I should become a doctor, though the prospect I'm not sure at all.
我接受了父亲的建议，要成为一名医生，虽然我对这样的前途毫无杷握。
5.定语从句
限制性定语从句可用于修饰先行词，非限制性定语从句可用于补充说明句子情况，因此，在读后续写中运用定语从句，可以更生动、形象地描述事物，增强画面感；还可以补充说明事件的发展状况，推动故事情节的发展。掌握好以下运用定语从句的四种句型，将有效地助力读后续写。
1）主谓……先行词（地点名词）+where……
1.The farm on which the boys lived was a small dairy farm where milking the cows was a daily routine both early morning and at night.
句意：男孩们住的农场是一个小奶牛场，每天早上和晚上都要挤牛奶。
解析：为了具体地描写小男孩在奶牛场的工作状况，设置故事背景，该句用“where”引导的定语从句修饰“dairy farm”。
2.Seeing the injured dog, Grace came to a situation where she couldn't help crying.
句意：看到受伤的狗，格蕾丝忍不住哭了起来。
解析：为了描写Grace看到受伤的小狗时的心情状态，该句用 “where” 引导的定语从句修饰抽象的地点 “a situation”。
2）主谓……先行词（人）, who……，doing……
1. As Elli and I cooked dinner, we noticed our sister, who was playing in a nearby lake, delightedly chatting with her friends.
句意：当我和埃莉做晚饭时，我们注意到妹妹正在附近的一个湖里玩耍，愉快地和她的朋友们聊天。
解析：为了具体描写妹妹的行为，用“who”引导定语从句补充说明妹妹此时的状况，从句中“chatting with…”作伴随状语。
2.It was Mark's neighbor, who heard the noise, following us there.
句意：.是马克的邻居听到了声音，跟着我们到了那里。
解析：为了突出Mark的邻居是因为听到噪音才跟着我们，该句用了“who”引导定语从句，从句中“following…”作伴随状语。
3）Doing……，主谓……，which……
Struggling in the water, I was almost exhausted, which made me far away from my boat.
句意：我在水里挣扎，几乎筋疲力尽，这使我离我的船很远。
解析：在水中挣扎后“我”感到很累，为了突出“这会导致我离船太远”这一结果，该句使用了“which”指代前面整件事来推动情节。
Realizing it was a good chance to carry out his plan,Hilary doubled the amount of the medicine, which would surely put his aunt to sleep forever.
句意：希拉里意识到这是一个实施他的计划的好机会，于是把药的量增加了一倍，这肯定会让他的姨妈永远沉睡下去。
解析：意识到这是执行计划的好机会，Hilary将药量加倍，为了引出“这会使他的阿姨永远沉睡”这一结果，该句使用了“which”指代前面整件事来推动情节。
4）主谓……介词/复杂介词+which……
Suddenly, she hurried to the shop, from which she bought the beautiful pearl.
句意：突然，她匆匆赶到商店，从那里她买了那颗美丽的珍珠。
解析：她跑去的商店是她买漂亮项链的地方, 为了阐述背景, 该句使用 “from which” 引导的定语从句，此时 “which” 指代 “the shop”。
The surgery took some hours, after which the doctor went out happily, “Thank you! Goodness! Your son is saved!”
句意：手术进行了几个小时，之后医生高兴地走了出去，“谢谢你!天哪!你的儿子得救了!”
解析：手术结束后，医生宣布孩子得救。为了增强句子在时间上的逻辑性，该句使用了“after which”引导的定语从句, 此时“which”指代前面整件事。
状语从句
状语从句共分九类
时间：when, whenever, while, as, before, after, since, till/until, as soon as
地点：where, wherever
原因：because, as, since, now that
目的：so...that, so that, in order that, in case
结果：so that, so/such...that...
条件：if, unless, as long as, in case, on condition that
让步：although/though, even if/though, whether...or...,疑问词+ever, no matter+疑问句
比较：as...as, not as/so...as, than, the more..., the more...
方式：as, as if/though

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