2023-2024学年仁爱版八年级英语下册各话题知识清单

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2023-2024学年仁爱版八年级英语下册各话题知识清单

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仁爱版八年级英语下册各单元知识点清单
Unit 5 Topic 1
一、重点词组
1.invite...to... 邀请……去……
2.make peace with sb.与某人和解
3.go to the movies 去看电影;
4.say thanks to sb. 向某人道谢
5.care for.... 照顾......., 照料......
6.a ticket to... ......的票/入场券
7.seem unhappy 看起来不高兴
8.be / feel sorry for sb. 为某人感到难过、遗憾
9.cheer sb. up(使)振作起来
e into being 形成、成立
11.be full of... 充满......
be filled with... 充满......
12.agree with... 同意......
13.in the end 最后、终于
14.be popular with... 受……欢迎
15.be interested in... 对……感兴趣
16.Beijing opera 京剧
17.facial painting 脸谱
18.learn about...了解......
二、重点句子:
1.How are you doing
= How are you
你好吗,你们好吗?
2.What a pity!
多么可惜啊!
3.They find a way to make peace with each other.
他们找到了一个彼此可以和平相处的方式。
4.My parents like Beijing Opera a lot.
我的父母亲很喜欢京剧。
5. He seems a little unhappy.
他看起来似乎有点不高兴。
6.My mom will prepare some delicious food for us.
我的妈妈将会为我们准备一些美味的食物。
7.The smiling faces of his children made him happy.
孩子们脸上的笑容使他开心。
8.He felt disappointed because he couldn’t buy a ticket to The Sound of Music.
他感觉很失望因为他不能买到一张音乐之声的票。
9.What’s the matter with Mr. Brown
Brown先生怎么了?
10.It came into being after 1790 and has a history of over 200 years.
它形成于1790年之后并且有超过200年的历史。
11.More young people are becoming interested in Beijing opera nowadays.
现在更多的年轻人开始对 它感兴趣了。
12.My father and mother want to invite your parents to go to the movies.
我的爸爸妈妈想要邀请你的父母亲去看电影。
Unit 5 Topic 2
Section A
一、重点短语
1.look worried 看上去很焦急
2.Anything wrong 有什么麻烦吗?
3.do badly in...在……方面做得不好
4.do well in... 在……方面做得好
5.be strict with... 对……要求严格
6.have a talk with sb.= talk with...和某人交谈
7.be worried about sb. 担心某人
8.be/get lost 丢失,迷路
9.get angry 生气
10.fall down 坍塌
11.send sth.to sb.=send sb. sth. 把某物寄给某人
12.Take it easy. 别紧张,别着急。
13.try to do sth. 尽力做某事;
二、句子详解
1. Anything wrong 有什么麻烦吗?
此句为省略句,完整的句子是:Is there anything wrong
2. What seems to be the problem 到底是怎么回事?
类似的表达有What's the problem What's wrong What's the matter Anything wrong 等,都表示“怎么啦?发生了什么事情?有什么问题吗?”
3. She is crying in the bathroom because she did badly in the English exam.
她正在洗手间里哭,因为她英语考试考的很糟糕。
(1)because conj. “因为,由于”。because引导的句子通常用来回答由疑问词why引导的问句 或 用来引导原因状语从句。例如:
-Why aren't you going with us
-Because I have a bad headache.
-你为什么不和我们一起去?
-因为我头疼
Because it rained yesterday, Rick took a taxi.
由于昨天下雨,瑞克乘坐了一辆出租车。
(2)do badly in... 在……方面做得不好,是do well in...的反义词。后面可以加名词、代词或动名词。其中badly为副词。
Why do you think you did so badly in your test
你认为为什么你考得这么差?
Jim and Jerry are brothers. Jim is good at playing soccer, while Jerry does badly in it.
吉姆和杰瑞是兄弟。吉姆擅长踢足球,而杰瑞却踢不好。
4. She is very strict with herself. 她对自己要求很严格。
be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格,后面接人sb.作宾语。
The teacher is strict with us.
老师对我们要求很严格。
5. She feels very lonely because she has no friends to talk with. 她感到很寂寞,因为没有朋友可以聊天。
1)alone与lonely比较:
A. alone既可作副词,又可作形容词,常在句中作表语和状语,说明客观存在。
She left for Shangqiu alone.
她独自去了商丘。(状语)
Jim’s parents both went shopping. So he is alone at home.
吉姆的父母都去买东西了。因此只有他自己在家。(表语)
B.lonely形容词,常在句中作表语、定语,侧重人的心理。
There is a lonely room on the side of the hill.
山坡上有一间孤零零的房子。(定语)
The old man seldom speaks to others, but he never feels lonely.
那老人很少与其他人说话,但他从不感到寂寞。(表语)
2)不定式短语to talk with作后置定语修饰friends。可以转换成"...because she has no friends that she can talk with."或者"...because she cannnot talk with friends."
类似的不定式短语作后置定语的情况如:
The sofa is uncomfortable to sit in.
这个沙发做起了不舒服。
The tool seems dangerous to play with.
玩这个工具似乎很危险。
6. I think I should have a talk with her.
have a talk with sb.和某人交谈,talk在这里是名词,这个短语相当于talk with sb.。
You should have a talk with your son to know what he is thinking about.
=You should talk with your son to know what he is thinking about.
你应该和你儿子谈一谈,弄清楚他在想什么。
类似词组有:have a walk散散步;have a look看一看。
7. So I send this card to cheer you up. 所以我给你发这张电子卡片想让你振作起来。
A. send sth. to sb.=send sb. sth. 把某物寄给某人
类似的用法还有:
give sth. to sb.=give sb. sth.把某物给某人;
pass sth. to sb.=pass sb. sth.把某物传给某人。
He will send a postcard to his mother on Mother’s Day.
=He will send his mother a postcard on Mother’s Day.
他要在母亲节那天寄给妈妈一张贺卡。
Could you give me that pen
= Could you give that pen to me
你能把那支钢笔给我吗?
He passed the camera to her, so she could take a photo.
=He passed her the camera, so she could take a photo.
他把相机递给她,好让她照相。
B. send sb. to do sth. 派遣某人做某事;
I’ll send some workers to help you.
我叫几个工人去帮助你。
8. You don’t need to worry about the English exam. 你没必要为英语考试担心。
need 需要,在此作实义动词,也可以作情态动词。
A.need作实义动词时,同其他实义动词一样,有人称和时态的变化,其疑问和否定形式都要借助于助动词do/does/did。
Do you need any help
你需要帮忙吗?
I don’t need your help, thank you.
谢谢,我不需要你来帮助。
B.need在疑问句和否定句中可以作情态动词并且没有数和人称形式变化,后面接动词原形,其否定形式为need not / needn’t。
He need not take the exam.
他不必参加考试。
9. Take it easy, and don't be too strict with yourself. 别着急,别对自己太严格了。
take it easy 表示“放松点、别着急、别紧张、不要担心”,用于安慰别人保持平和心态,避免紧张和着急。
Sit down and take it easy for a few minutes, I am sure you will make it.
坐下来放松一会儿,我相信你会成功的。
10. Try to talk to others, and you’ll be happy again. 尽量多和别人交谈,你会再开心起来的。
try to do sth. 尽力/努力做某事;如:
Try to stay calm. 努力保持冷静。
Sam tried to work out the difficult math problem.
山姆尽力解答出这道数学难题。
【拓展】
try doing sth. 意为“试着做某事”。如:
I'm going to try cooking an apple pie this evening.
今晚我要试着做一个苹果派
【链接】
① try on 意为“试穿”。如:
Jassie tried the shoes on but they were too small.
杰西试穿了那双鞋,但太小了。
② try one's best to do ...
= do one's best to do ... 意为“尽某人最大努力做……”。
He tried his best to learn English well.
③ have a try 意为“试一试” 如:
Let me have a try! 让我试一试!

Section B
一、重点短语
1.fail the exam= not pass the exam 考试不及格
2.Why don’t you do = Why not do...为什么不……
3.at one’s age 在某人的年龄时
4.at the age of... 在……岁时
5.make / be friends with sb. 和某人教朋友
6.tell sb.jokes 给某人讲笑话
7.be sure + that从句 确信……
8.be sure to do sth. 一定会做……
9.ask.... for help 向……求助
10.help sb. with sth. 在……方面帮助某人
二、重点详解
1. I’m feeling really sad because I failed the English exam. 我真的很难过,因为我英语考试不及格。
(1)fail 作及物动词,意为“不及格,未能通过”。pass为其反义词。fail the exam= not pass the exam 考试不及格;
I failed my driving test. 我没能通过驾照考试。
fail 作不及物动词,意为“失败,未成功”。fail to do... 意为“失败,未能做到;未履行(某事)”
I failed in my driving test.
我没能通过驾照考试。
(不及物动词不可直接加宾语,一般要先加介词后再接宾语)
What will you do if you fail
如果你考试失败打算干什么?
☆ 注意:很多动词既是及物动词,又是不及物动词。
(2)连词because用于引导原因状语从句。若原因状语从句在前,主句和从句之间应加逗号。
Because he did his best, he succeeded
= He succeeded because he did his best.
因为他尽全力了所以他成功了。
2. Why don’t you talk to someone when you feel sad 当你难过的时候为什么不跟别人谈谈呢?
(1) Why don’t you + 动词原形 = Why not + 动词原形;
表示提出建议的还有:What / How about doing ... You'd better do ...
Why don’t you go and ask the policeman
= Why not go and ask the policeman
为什么不去问下警察呢?
(2)不定代词someone指不确定的“某人”,指“某物”用something,指“某地”用somewhere,指“某时”用sometime.
3. Everyone get these feelings at your age. 每个人在你这个年龄都会有这些感受。
(1)feeling n. 意为“感觉;心情;感触”:
A feeling of happiness came over her.
她有一种辛福感
feelings n. 意为“感情;情绪” :
I don't know how to express my feelings.
我不知道如何表达自己的感情。
(2)at one’s age 在某人这个年龄时:
Your father began to work at your age.
你父亲在你这个年龄就开始工作了。
People at your age like doing these things.
在你这个年龄的人喜欢做这些事情。
【拓展】
at the age of... 在……岁时;可以和when互换;如:
He could swim at the age of seven.
= He could swim when he was seven.
他在7岁时就会游泳。
4. She always tells me jokes and makes me laugh. 她总是给我讲笑话让我笑。
(1)tell jokes 讲笑话;
Our English teacher often tells us jokes in his class.
我们英语老师经常在课上给我们讲笑话
(2)make sb. do sth. 意为“使某人做某事”;在这里make 是“使,使得”的意思,一般用于“make +宾语+宾补”的结构,laugh是宾语me的补足语。make后面的宾语补足语可以是不带to的不定式、名词、形容词、副词等。make sb. do sth. 后面的宾补就是一个不带to 的动词不定式。
Illness always makes us sad, worried and frightened.
疾病总让我们难过、焦虑和恐惧。
Mr. White made us in.
怀特先生让我们进去了。
【拓展】
⑴ “make +宾语+宾补”结构的用法还有:
①make +sb.+n. 意为“选某人做什么”。 如:
We made Jim the monitor.
我们选吉姆当班长。
②make +sb./sth.+adj. “使得某人/物处于某种状态” 如:
Joy's illness made his mother worried.
乔的病使他妈妈很担心。
⑵ have和let与make一样,后面可以跟上不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,其结构为:make/have/ let sb. do sth.
The landlord made him work day and night in the old days.
在旧社会,地主让他没日没夜地工作。
I’ll have someone clean out your room.
我会叫人把你的房间打扫干净。
The policeman let him wait outside.
警察让他在外面等。
5. There, there! It’ll be OK. 好啦,好啦!一切都会好起来的。
There, there! there在这里是语气词,用于安慰别人,特别用于安慰孩子意为“好啦,好啦”。也可以说There now!
There, there, don't cry anymore.
好啦好啦!别再哭啦
6. Would you like to become my friend, Helen 你想成为我的朋友吗?
(1)Would like ...... 意为“你愿意……吗?”,后接名词或to do sth.; 表示向对方提出有礼貌的请求、邀请、希望或询问等。同义句:Do you want .......
肯定回答多用:Yes, I’d like/love to. / Certainly. / Yes, thank you.
否定回答:No, thank you. / I’d like to , but.....
类似句型:Would you mind ... ……你介意吗?后接doing sth.。
—Would you like to go shopping with us
你愿意和我们一块儿去购物吗?
—I’d like to.
我很乐意。
Would you mind using your book for a while
借你的书用一会儿,你介意吗?
7. If you have any problems with your studies,just let me know. 如果你学习有什么问题,告诉我。
(1)let sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”。类似的使役动词还有make, have等,后面接不带to的不定式,形容词、介词短语等作宾语补足语。
My mother lets me drink milk every day.
妈妈让我每天喝牛奶。
Have him do it. 让他去做。
(2)problem和question的区别 :
problem指说话者认为难以解决的问题,它与动词 solve或settle(解决)搭配。
而 question指说话者需要寻找答案的问题,它常与动词ask或answer连用。
The problem is difficult to solve.
这个问题很难解决.
May I ask you some questions
我可以问你一些问题吗
8. I find it difficult to learn English well. 我发现学好英语很难。
find +it +adj. +to do sth. 发现做某事怎么样,it 是形式宾语,其后的动词不定式短语是真正的宾语。
I don't think it necessary to write to her.
我认为没必要给她写信。
We all find it hard to believe her words.
我们都觉得很难相信她的话。
【链接】
it作形式主语,真正的主语是句尾的动词不定式短语。 如:
It is impossible to finish the work tomorrow.
明天完成工作是不可能的。
9.Don’t worry. I’ll help you with it. 别担心,我来帮你。
help sb. with sth. 意为“在……方面帮助某人”;如:
Could you help me with my English
你能帮我学英语吗?
10.You’re so kind to me. 你对我太好了。
① be kind to sb. 对某人好;如:
Miss wang is kind to every student.
王老师对每个学生都很好。
② be kind of sb. 某人很好;如:
It is very kind of you to help me with my English.
你帮助我学习英语,你真好。

Section C
一、重点短语
1.What’s more 此外,而且
2.as+adj.\adv.原级+as 与……一样
3.not as\so+adj.\adv.原级+as 与……不一样
4.as usual 像平常一样
5.be used to sth. 习惯,适应
6.get/be used to doing sth.习惯于做……
7.used to do sth. 过去常常做某事(现在不做了)
8.With the help of....... 在某人的帮助下
9.be afraid to do sth.不敢做某事
10.give one’s best wishes to sb. 代某人向某人问好
11.make faces 做鬼脸
12.all the time 一直
13.at first 首先,起初
二、重点详解
1. How time flies! 光阴似箭!(时光飞逝或时间过得真快!)
How time flies! 是感叹句,相当于Time flies!
2. What’s more, I couldn’t sleep as well as usual. 而且我不能像平常一样睡好觉。
(1)What’s more 此外,而且,是插入语,是一种独立成分,可置于分句或句子之首、之尾或之中。
What’s more, he is only a nine- year-old boy.
此外,他只是一个九岁大的男孩。
(2)同级比较
同级比较的肯定形式表示A、B两者在某一方面程度相同,其基本结构 “as +形容词/副词原级+as+比较对象”;
其否定形式表示A在某方面不如B时,用“not as/so +形容词/副词原级+as +比较对象”。
I am as tall as my sister ,but she is not as /so outgoing as me.
我和我妹妹一样高,但是她没有我开朗。
Cindy is as active as her friend.
辛迪和她的朋友一样活跃。
Jane is not as (so) brave as Maria.
简没有玛利亚勇敢
【拓展】
“not as/so +形容词/副词原级+as”结构与“……+比较级+than…”可以互相转换。如:
This classroom is not as big as that one.
= This classroom is smaller than that one.
= That classroom is bigger than this one.
这个教室不如那个教室大。
(3)as usual 像平常一样,用作状语。如:
That day, he got up early as usual, but he missed his bus.
那天,他起得像往常一样早,可是他却未赶上公交车。
3. I was not used to anything here. 我不习惯这里的一切。
① be/get used to (doing)sth. 习惯(做)某事 例:
He can’t get used to the weather here.
他不习惯这儿的天气。
I am used to getting up early.
我习惯于早起。
②used to do sth. 过去常常做某事(现在不做了),例:
I used to watch TV after supper.
以前晚饭后我常看电视。
4. The food was not as delicious as ours, either.
either adv. 意为“也”,只能放在否定句句尾。如:
I can't swim. He can't ,either.
我不会游泳,他也不会。
too 意为“也”只能用在肯定句中,常用在句尾。如:
I hope you can come, too
我希望你明天也能来。
also 意为“也”,用在句中。如:
My brother is interested in listening to English songs. I am also interested in it.
【拓展】
① either pron. 作代词意为“两者中的任何一个”。如
---Which would you like, tea or coffee
你想喝茶还是咖啡?
---Either is OK.
任何一个都可以。
② either conj. 作连词 常与or连用,意为“或者……或者……;要么……要么……” 如:
Either your watch or mine is wrong.
不是你的表不准,就是我的不准
5. With the help of my teachers and classmates, I’m getting used to the life here. 在老师和同学们的帮助下,我习惯了这里的生活。
With the help of sb. 在某人的帮助下
With the help of Jack, my spoken English is better now.
在杰克的帮助下,我的口语好多了。
6. I’m not afraid to talk with others now. My classmates all accept me. 现在我不害怕和其他人讲话了。同学们也都接纳了我。
(1)be afraid to do sth. 不敢做某事,可与be afraid of doing sth. 转换。
The little boy is afraid to touch the fire again.
=The little boy is afraid of touching the fire again.
那男孩再也不敢碰火了。
(2)talk with others 和其他人讲话
(3)accept和receive区别
accept 表示“接受,接纳”强调心理上主动地或自愿地接受,或者经过考虑后同意接受;receive 仅强调接到或收到这一事实,而不含主动或积极行动的意思。
The beautiful girl received a lot of gifts on her birthday, but she did not accept them.
那个漂亮女孩在生日那天收到很多礼物,但是她没有接受它们。
7. Please give my best wishes to your parents. 请代我向你父母问好。
give one’s best wishes to sb. 代某人向某人问好;如:
Please give my best wishes to Miss Wang. 请代我向王老师问好。

Section D
一、重点短语
1.deal with...= do with... 处理,解决......
2.learn from sb. 向某人学习,从……获得[吸取]
3.go mad 发疯
4.elder brother 哥哥
5.refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事
6.be angry with sb. 生某人的气
7.even though = even if 即使
8.not...any longer = no longer 不再(时间上的)
9.by oneself 靠某人自己
二、重点详解
1.If you don’t know how to deal with these problems, you may learn something from Jeff. 如果你不知道怎么解决这些问题,你可以向杰夫学习。
(1)deal with v. 处理,解决,对付,后接名词。可以与疑问词how连用。同义短语:do with 处理(可换用);
Deal with a man as he deals with you.
以其人之道,还治其人之身。
How shall we deal with this problem
我们应该如何解决这个问题呢?
【链接】
do with 意为“处理,需要,与……相处”,与what搭配使用。如:
What are you going to do with the old books
= How will you deal with the old books.
你将如何处理那些旧书?
For drink, I could do with a glass of orange juice.
饮料,我需要一杯橙汁。
【拓展】
deal n. 作名词时有“数量”之意,常构成 a great deal of(大量),后接不可数名词。 如:
a great deal of work 大量的工作
另:a great many of (大量)+可数名词
(2)learn from..... 向…学习,从…获得[吸取];
I wish that people actually learn from their mistakes.
我希望大家能从自己的错误中汲取教训。
2. Jeff almost went mad when his elder brother was killed in a car accident. 杰夫的哥哥在一次车祸中丧生时,他几乎要疯了
(1)go mad发疯,go在此是连系动词,后多跟形容词,意思是“变得,变为,成为,处于某种状态”。
Her hair is going grey.
她的头发在变白。
(2)elder可作形容词和名词,(多指同一家庭里两个成员中)年纪较长的(人)。年纪更小的用younger brother 弟弟。
my elder sister 我的姐姐
the elder of their two sons.
他们的两个儿子中年龄较大的那个
【链接】
old的比较级和最高级常为older和oldest;elder和eldest常用于表示家庭成员的年龄大小,意为“年长的”和“年龄最大的”常用作定语,但不能用elder than。如:
My elder brother is 3 years older than me. 我各个比我大三岁。
3. He refused to play soccer or go to the movies with his friends. 他拒绝和朋友一起去踢足球、看电影。
refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事;
The man refused to answer the question.
这个人拒绝回答问题。
【拓展】
① refuse +名词 / 代词。 如:
Bill refused my plan.
比尔拒绝了我的方案。
I refused him.
我拒绝了他。
② refuse +间接宾语(sb.)+直接宾语(sth.) :
I can't refuse Mr. Jones anything.
我不能拒绝琼斯先生任何事情。
4. He was quite angry with the driver because his car hit his brother, even though it was an accident.他对那个开车撞了他哥哥的司机很生气,尽管那是一起意外事故。
(1)be angry with sb. 生某人的气;
(2)even though 意为“即使,虽然,尽管”,可以和even if 互换,引导让步状语从句,可放在句首或句中,都不能与表示转折的but连用。如:
The rich man is never happy even though / if he has enough money.
尽管他有足够的钱,但从不快乐。
Even though / if the work was hard, they enjoyed themselves.
尽管工作很辛苦,他们还是自得其乐。
【拓展】
though还有“虽然,可是,纵然”之意,引导让步状语从句,不与but在同一个句子当中连用,与because, so用法相同。 如:
Though it was dark outside, he still went to the factory.
= It was dark outside, but he still went to the factory.
虽然外面很黑,但他还是去了工厂。
5. Now he still misses his brother, but he doesn’t hate the driver any longer. 现在他仍然想念他的哥哥,但不再恨那个司机了。
(1)not...any longer = no longer 意为“不再”。表示时间上“不再”延长,多与持续性动词连用,相当于no longer,因此原句可以变成“...but he no longer hates the driver”。 如:
He didn’t live in Beijing any longer.
= He no longer lived in Beijing.
他不再住在北京了。
I don't want to wait for him any longer
= I no longer want to wait for him.
我不想再等他了。
【拓展】
not...any more = no more表示次数上火程度上“不再”,短暂性动词连用。 如:
You will not see him any more.
= You will no more see him.
你将再也见不到他了。
They don't come any more
= They come no more.
他们不再来了。
6. At first, how did Jeff deal with his sadness 刚开始杰夫是怎样处理自己的忧伤的?
at first 首先,起初

重点语法
(一)原因状语从句
1. 定义:在句中用来说明主句原因的句子叫原因状语从句。
2. 常用引导词: because (因为)
3. 时态:原因状语从句一般都是根据实际情况选用适当的时态。通常是主过从过,主现从现
注意:because 和so 不可同时出现在一个句子里。
I do it because I like it.
= I like it so I do it.
因为我喜欢它,所以我做。
He can’t go to school because of his illness.
因为他生病了,所以没去学校。
(二)形容词的同级比较
大多数形容词(性质形容词)有比较等级的变化,即原级、比较级和最高级,用来比较事物的等级差别。
形容词的同级比较结构:
(1)肯定句的句式结构。
A. A+ be+ as+ adj.原级+ as+ B: 表示A、B两者比较程度相同,即“A和B一样……”。
Helen is as tall as Maria.
海伦和玛丽亚一样高。
(2)否定句的句式结构。
B. A+ be+ not + as/so+ ad.原级+ as + B: 表示A、B两者程度不同,即“A不如B那么……”。
Helen isn’t as tall as Maria.
海伦没有玛丽亚那么高。
Unit 5 Topic 3
重点单词(所有程度学生都要掌握)
family (n) -- families(复数)
sleep(v)-- slept(过去式)
speak (v) -- speaker(n)
bright (adj) -- brightly(adv)
lie(v) -- lying(现在分词)
suggest(v)-- suggestion(n)
decide (v) -- decision(n)
pride (n) -- proud(adj)
crowd (n) -- crowded(adj)
happy (adj) -- happiness(n)
sleep (v) -- sleepy(adj)
(△的程度较差可以不掌握,中、上学生需全部掌握)
Section A
一、重点词组
1.have a test 参加测验
2.get nervous before a test 测验前紧张
3.give a speech 做演讲
4.feel more relaxed 感到放松些
5.because of your help 由于你的帮助
△7.get frightened 害怕
8.go to the dentist 去看牙医
9.follow the dentist’s advice 遵循牙医的建议
10.speak English in public 当众说英语
11.take it easy 放轻松,别紧张
12.eat less rich food 少吃油腻食物
13.do more exercise 多运动
14.fall off the bike 从自行车上摔下来
15.see a snake lying on the road 看到一条蛇正躺在路上
16.on/at the weekend 在周末
二、重点句子
1.Is there anything wrong Anything wrong 有什么问题吗?
2.I am sure you will do well.
我确信你能做得好。
I believe you will do well.
我相信你能做得好。
3.I have a CD about giving speeches.
我有一张关于做演讲的CD片。
4.I feel more relaxed now because of your help.
由于你的帮助,我感到放松些了。
I feel more relaxed now because you help me.
由于你帮助我,我感到放松些了。
I feel more relaxed now with your help.
在你的帮助下, 我感到放松些了。
5.Just be brave and practice often. (祈使句)
勇敢点,经常练习。
6.Why not eat less rich food and do more exercise
为什么不少吃油腻的食物多锻炼呢?
Section B
一、重点词组
1.affect our health 影响我们的健康
2.be confident about… 对…...很自信
3.be in a bad mood 心情不好
4.become sick=fall ill 生病
5.be proud of sb. 为某人感到骄傲
6.help each other 互相帮助
7.put on a short play 上演小品
8.help keep us healthy
=help us to keep healthy 有助于我们保持健康
9.get ready for …= prepare for… 为…...做准备
10.give Michael a surprise 给Michael 一个惊喜
二、重点句子
1.I’m afraid he is going to be sick.
恐怕他要生病了。
2.How does Michael feel when he has to give a speech
当Michael得做演讲的时候,他感觉如何
Section C
一、重点词组
1.be high in the sky 高高地挂在空中
2.on the Mid-autumn Festival 在中秋节
3.get together with my family 和我的家人团聚
4.fill with…= be full of… 充满着…...
5.be crowded with… 挤满了…...
6.have trouble/difficulty doing sth 做某事有困难
7.shine brightly 灿烂地照耀
8.affect me a lot 对我有很大的影响
二、重点句子
1.I hope to live in the countryside some day.
我希望有一天能生活在乡下。
2.Wearing red often makes me feel active.
穿红色衣服常常使我感到活跃。
Section D
一、重点词组
1.many things around us 我们周围的许多事物
2.be in good spirits 情绪好
3.learn to take care of ourselves 学习照顾自己
4.remember to do sth. 记得要做某事
5.have a good sleep= sleep well 睡得好
6.keep silent 保持沉默
7.get help from them 从他们那儿获得帮助
8.think it over 仔细考虑它
9.make an important decision 做重要的决定
10.get back to your everyday activities
回到你的日常活动中来
every day 是时间状语。如:
I get up early every day.
everyday 是个形容词,充当定语。
He often practices everyday English with his classmates.
二、重点句子
1.It is very important for us to be in a good mood.
对我们来说有好心情很重要。
2.If we are in good spirits, we can study or work better.
如果我们情绪好,我们可以工作学习得更好。
3.Tell them about what you think and how you feel.
告诉他们你想些什么,觉得怎么样。
4. Think it over before making an important decision.
在做重要决定之前要仔细考虑。
语法:英语中的五种基本句型结构
一、句型1:Subject (主语) + Verb (谓语)
这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,所谓不及物动词,就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如:work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如:
1) Li Ming works very hard.
李明学习很努力。
2) Spring is coming.
二、句型2:Subject (主语) + Link. V(系动词) + Predicate(表语)
这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类:
(1)表示状态。这样的词有:be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。如:
1) This kind of food tastes delicious.
这种食物吃起来很可口。
2) He looked worried just now.
刚才他看上去有些焦急。
(2)表示变化。这类系动词有:become, turn, get, grow, go等。如:
1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.
春天到了,天气变得越来越暖和。
2) The tree has grown much taller than before.
这棵树比以前长得高多了。
三、句型3:Subject(主语) + Verb (谓语) + Object (宾语)
这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词, 所谓及物动词,就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语,其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例:
1) He took his bag and left.(名词)
他拿着书包离开了。
2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代词)
当我遇到困难时,李雷总能给我帮助。
3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.(不定式)
她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。
4) I don’t know what I should do next. (从句)
我不知道下一步该干什么。
四、句型4:Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+ Indirect object(间接宾语)+Direct object (直接宾语)
这种句型中,直接宾语为主要宾语,表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的,在句中不可或缺,常常由表示“物”的名词来充当;间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语,去掉之后,对整个句子的影响不大,多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有:buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。如:
1) Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.
她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。
2)The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.
老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。
上述句子还可以表达为:
1)Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.
2)The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March.
五、句型5:Subject(主语)+Verb (动词)+Object (宾语)+Complement(补语)
这种句型中的“宾语 + 补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等;或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如:
1)You should keep the room clean and tidy.
你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。(形容词)
2) We made him our monitor.(名词)
我们选他当班长。
3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)
他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。
4)My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.(现在分词)
5) Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans.(过去分词)
● 常见的动词有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。
● 注意:动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时,不带to。如:
1) The boss made him do the work all day.
老板让他整天做那项工作。
2) I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.
昨天晚上我听见她在隔壁唱了一个晚上。
Unit 6 Topic 1
一、词形转换
1.comfort v.安慰,抚慰n.安慰舒服
comfortable adj.舒服的,安逸的
2.Canada n.加拿大
Canadian adj.加拿大的,加拿大人的n.加拿大人
3.proper adj.正确的,恰当的
properly adv.适当地。正确地
4.difficult adj.困难的
difficulty n.[U]困难 [C]各种困难
二、重点词组
1.spring field trip 春游
2.go on a three-day visit to Mount Tai 去泰山参观三天
3.make a decision 做个决定
5.find out the information 查出信息
6.the cost for the train 火车的费用
7.ask the airline over the phone 在电话里咨询航空公司
8.decide on the best way to travel 决定旅行的最佳方式
9.book a train ticket to Mount Tai 订一张去泰山的火车票
10.a ticket at 145 for the hard sleeper 一张票价为145元的硬座票
11.call home 打电话回家
12.serve to sb. 把…...端给某人
13.be different from... 与…...不同
14.advise sb. to do 建议某人做某事
15.put on a show 表演一部剧
16.look forward to hearing from you 期待收到你的来信
17.on the top of the mountain 在山顶上
18.the next day 第二天
19.use…to do /for doing 使用…做某事
20.a seven-day holiday三天的假期
21.go on a visit to sp.去某地参观
22.the best way to do sth.做某事最好的方式
23.over the phone 通过电话
24.book the train tickets预订火车票
25.the hard/soft sleeper 硬/软卧
26.raise money 筹集钱
27.hear from sb.
=get a letter from sb
=receive a letter from sb.
收到某人的来信
28.on the first day of在……第一天
29.total cost 总花费
30.interesting places= places of interest名胜古迹
31.set/start out/off 出发
32.be in trouble 有麻烦,处于困境
三、重点句型
1.I have some exciting news to tell you.
我有一些激动人心的消息要告诉你们。
2.It will take us a few days to get there by bike.
骑自行车去那会花费我们几天时间。
3.I’d like to book some tickets to Mount Tai.
我想预定一些四月十三日去泰山的票。
4.Why don’t we put on a show to raise money .
我们为什么不能办个展览来筹钱呢?
5.We’re going on a three-day visit to Mount Tai.
我们将去泰山游玩三天。
6.How much does a standard room cost
一间标准间花费多少钱?
7.When are you going to start out
你什么时候出发?
8.How long does it take to take a train to Mount Tai
乘火车到泰山花费多长时间?
9.When do you want them?
你们什么时候需要他们
10.I’m looking forward to hearing from you.
我盼望收到你的来信。
11.May I have your name and telephone number, please
我可以知道你的名字和电话号码吗?
五、知识点拓展
Section A
1.I have some exciting news to tell you. 我有一些激动人心的消息要告诉你们。
to tell you 是动词不定式短语, 作定语。动词不定式作定语时常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。
I have nothing to talk about.
我没什么要说的。
2.For our spring field trip, we’re going on a three-day visit to Mount Tai.
这次春游活动,我们将要去泰山三天。
1)spring field trip 春游;
2)a three-day visit为期三天的参观。数词+名词的单数构成形容词作定语,
类似的短语还有:girls’ 800-meter race.女子八百米赛跑;
3)go on a visit to.... 去旅游/参观;
We went on a visit to The Great Wall last term.
上学期我们去长城参观了。
3.Sounds exciting ! 听起来太令人激动了!
Sounds exciting !
= It sounds exciting !
sound是系动词,后面加形容词,构成系表结构。
4.Let’s make the decision together. 让我们一起来做个决定。
make a decision做个决定;decision 作名词,意为“决定”,其的动词是decide。常用结构:decide to do sth. 决定做某事;
He made a decision to look for a new job。
= He decided to look for a new job.
他决定去找份新工作。
5.Let’s find out some information about the cost. 让我们去查查有关付费用的资料吧。
find out发现,查出真相;
Can you find out the truth about it 你能查出事情的真相吗?
区分find, find out, look for:
A. find找到,发现,通常指找到或发现具体的东西,强调找的结果。
I can’t find my shoes. 我找不到鞋子了。
B. find out找出,发现,查明,多指通过调查询问、打听、研究之后“搞清楚,弄明白”,通常含有困难曲折的过程。
We may never find out the truth about what happened.
我们也许永远无法弄清发生了什么事。
C. look for寻找,是有目的地找,强调“寻找”这一动作。
I’m looking for my keys. I can’t find them.
我在寻找我的钥匙。我找不到它们。
6. I’ll ask the airline over the phone. 我将打电话问问航空公司。
此句还可说成I’ll phone and ask the airline. 这里的phone作动词,意为“打电话”。phone sb. = call sb. = ring sb. up 打电话给某人;
phone既可作动词,也可作名词,意为“电话,电话机”。
May I use the phone in your office
我可以借用你办公室的电话吗
I will phone you, if I go to the library.
如果我去图书馆,我就打电话给你。
7.Bring your information tomorrow and we’ll decide on the best way to travel on our field trip. 明天把你们查到的资料带来,我们再决定最好的春游方式。
A. decide on/upon 决定,选定;
We’re trying to decide on a school.我们正在设法选定一个学校。
B. decide to do sth.决定要做某事;
He decides to visit the Mount Huang this summer holiday. 暑假他决定要参观黄山。
2)the best way to do... 做……的最好方式,这里的动词作前面名词的定语。
The best way to keep healthy is to do more exercises.
保持健康的最好方式是多做运动。
8.Where do you plan to visit
你计划去哪儿参观?
plan作动词,意为“计划”。常用结构: plan to do sth.。
plan还可以作名词,意为“计划”。
常用短语有:make a plan ( for sth.) (为某事)制定计划;
have a plan 有一个计划;
We plan to go to America this year. 我们打算今年去美国。
You’d better make a plan for the new term. 你最好为新学期制定一个计划。
9.How much does it cost to get there 到那儿花费了多少钱?
cost在这里作动词,意为“需付费,价格为”,其主语是物。
常用结构:sth. + costs+ sb. + sth.+ to do sth.
It cost me ten yuan to buy a hamburger. 我花了十块钱买一个汉堡。
cost还可以作名词,意为“费用,花费,价钱”。
They can’t afford the high cost of housing. 他们负担不起住房的高昂费用。
区别cost, take, spend, pay:
cost的主语是物或某种活动,常用结构:sth. costs (sb.) +金钱,某物花了(某人)多少钱;
A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。
take的主语是物,It takes sb. +时间+to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间;
It took them three years to build this road.
他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。
pay的主语必须是人,常用于以下结构:
(1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买……;
I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.
我每个月要付20英磅的房租。
(2) pay for sth. 付……的钱;
I have to pay for the book lost.
我不得不赔丢失的书款。
D. spend的主语必须是人, 常用于以下结构:
(1) spend time / money on sth. 在……上花费时间(金钱);
I spent two hours on this maths problem.
这道数学题花了我两个小时。
(2) spend time / money (in) doing sth. 花费时间(金钱)做某事;
They spent two years (in) building this bridge.
造这座桥花了他们两年时间。
Section B
1. Kangkang is booking train tickets to Mountain Tai. 康康正预订到泰山的火车票。
句中的book是动词,意为“订票,预订”,相当于order。
order/book a room for sb./sth.为……订房间;
We want to book some rooms for 14th. 我们想预订一些14号那天的房间。
2.The train leaves at 11:15 a.m. And arrives at Taishan Railway Station at 6:17.火车上午11:15出发,下午6:17抵达泰山火车站。
arrive in 和arrive at 都有到达的意思,但两者是有区别的:arrive at+较小的地点名词,如school,park,zoo. arrive in+较大的地点名词,如Beijing ,ShangHai
He will arrive at school soon.
他很快就要到达学校啦。
She has arrived in NanJing yesterday. 她昨天就到南京了。
3. We have tickets at ¥145 for the hard sleeper and ¥224 for the soft sleeper.我们有硬卧票145元,软卧票224元。
1)句中的介词at意为“以……,在……”,一般用于表示价格、比率、年龄、速度等词的前面。
He is driving at 70 mph.
他正以时速70英里的速度驾车行驶。
2)句中的for意为“供,适合于”。
I’ve got two tickets for the Cup Final. 我弄到两张决赛的票。
I’d like to book 21 tickets for the hard sleeper.
我要订21张硬卧票。
21 tickets for the hard sleeper =21 hard sleeper tickets
4.Please pay for the tickets before 5:30 p.m. 请在5:30之前付款。
A. pay for支付……的费用;
I have to pay for the damage.
我不得不赔偿损失。
B. pay for sb. to do sth. 付钱给某人做某事;
Her parents paid for her to go to America.
她的父母支付她去美国的费用。
C. pay some money for sth.花多少钱买某物;
I paid ¥80 for the ticket.
我花了80元买这张票。
与pay搭配的词组还有很多。如:
pay back偿还,还钱(给某人);pay off还清。
5.We have rooms with a bathroom, TV, fridge and air conditioner. 我们有带浴室、电视、冰箱、空调的房间。
with a bathroom 中的with意为“带有”,作状语。
It’s a new house with a beautiful garden.
这是一幢带有漂亮花园的新房子。
with 的反义词:without.
He went to school without breakfast.
他没有吃早餐就去上学了。
6.Also, from the windows you can see the mountains. 此外,透过窗户你可以看到群山。
句中的介词短语from the windows作状语,前置。正常语序为:You can also see the mountain from the windows.
Section C
1.Borrow money from friends. 从朋友那儿借钱。
borrow sth. from sb.从某人中借来某事物,相对于主语来说是借进来东西。
Can I borrow some books from you
我能从你那儿借些书吗?
lend sth. to sb.把某物借给某人。相对于主语来说是借出去。
Can you lend your pen to me
你能把你的铅笔借给我吗?
2.Give a show. 演出;
A. give a show 演出,作秀;
The actors can give a show out in the open in a few minutes after they arrive.
演员到达后,几分钟内就会演出。
B. give sb. a show 给某人展示;
Let’s give our teachers a good show.
让我们给我们的老师们一个良好的展示吧。
3.It’s very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools. 在加拿大和美国的学校里筹钱是很正常的。
raise money 筹钱;
We can raise the money ourselves.
我们可以自己筹钱。
4.It costs each student one dollar to buy a ticket for the draw.每一个学生花一美元便可买到一张抽奖的票。
1)A. each 作主语,谓语用单数。
Each of the students spends one dollar buying a ticket.
每个学生花一美元买一张票。
B. each 用于单数名词前,作定语,谓语用单数。
Each student has their own e-mail address.
每个学生都有自己的邮箱地址。
C. 用于复数主语后,作主语同位语,谓语用复数。
They each have their own e-mail address. 他们有自己的邮箱地址。
2)A. draw既可作名词也可作动词,作名词时,意为“抽签”。
The draw for the second round of the World Cup
世界杯足球赛第二轮抽签;
B. draw作动词时,意为“抽签”。其过去式和过去分词分别是:drew, drawn。
Before playing cards we drew for partners.
我们在玩纸牌之前,用抓牌的方式决定游戏伙伴。
C. draw 作动词,还可以意为“绘画”。
I can draw. 我会画画。
5. So we decided to take the train. 所以我们决定搭火车。
take 在此处意为“乘坐(某物);搭乘(某种交通工具);
take the train 搭火车;
take a bus 搭公交车;
take a plane搭飞机;
take the subway 搭地铁;
take v. 带走,拿走;
I’m taking the children for a swim later.
我一会儿要带孩子们去游泳。
6.Many of us didn’t have enough money, so Michael advised us to raise money, such as putting on a show, and selling flowers and old books. 我们中许多人没有足够的前,因此迈克尔建议我们做一些筹钱活动,比如办展览、卖花、旧书。
enough作形容词,意思是"足够的;充分的",常与for或不定式连用,可以作定语或表语。作定语置于被修饰的名词前后均可,前置时强调enough,后置时强调被修饰词。
Five men will be quite enough.
五个人就足够了。
I hope there are enough glasses for each guest.
我希望这里有足够的杯子给每位客人。
enough作副词的意思是 "十分地;充分地;足够地;充足地",置于被修饰的形容词或副词之后,常与不定式或介词for连用 ,在句子中作状语,表示程度。
This article is difficult enough to write.这篇文章够难写得了。
advise v. 建议;常用结构:advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事;其名词形式:advice,是不可数名词。
I advised her to lose weight,but she didn't take my advice.
我建议她减肥,但是她不接受我的建议。
raise在这里意为“筹集,召集”。
raise an army 招募军队;raise money 筹钱;
We are raising money for the project Hope.
我们正在为希望工程筹钱。
raise 意为“饲养,种植”。
raise cows 养牛;raise corn 种植玉米;
We raise some ducks on the farm.
我们在农场养了些鸭子。
raise 还可以意为”提升,举起,提起“,是一个及物动词(vt.),后面必须接宾语。rise也表示“升起”,但其是不及物动词(vi.),后面不能加宾语。
He raised a hand in greeting.
他扬起手致敬。
The sun rises in the east.
太阳从东方升起。
put on 在这里意为“上演,上映”,还可以意为“穿上”。
The local drama group are putting on “Sister Jiang” at the Capital Theater.
当地的剧团正在首都剧场演出《江姐》。
What dress shall I put on for the meeting
我穿什么衣服去开会
7. I’m looking forward to hearing from you. 我盼望收到你的来信。
1)look forward to意为“期待,盼望”,其中to是介词,不是不定式符号,后面应接名词、名词性词组、代词或动名词,且常用于进行时。
I’m really looking forward to our vacation.
我非常期待假期的到来。
2)hear from sb.
=get a letter, telephone call, etc. from sb.
= receive a letter, telephone call, etc. from sb.
收到某人的来信、电话等。
I didn’t hear from my parents until now. I miss them very much.
直到现在我才收到父母的来信,我非常想念他们。
8.The best way to raise money is to sell newspapers. 最好的筹钱方式是卖报纸。
句中有两个动词不定式短语to raise money 和to sell newspapers 它们在句中分别作定语和表语。to raise money意为“筹钱”,修饰名词way。如果把上面的句子倒过来则变为:To sell newspapers is the best way to raise money.这时动词不定式短语to sell newspapers 作主语。
sell 动词,意为“出售,售卖。”其反义词为:buy 买。常用结构:sell sth. to sb.
Do you sell stamps
你这儿卖邮票吗?
I sold my car to James for $800.
我把我的汽车以800美元的价格转让给了詹姆斯。
8. I think we can sell flowers to raise money at the weekend. 我认为我们可以在周末卖花筹钱。
表示“在周末”之意时,英国英语中用at: at weekends/ at the weekend;美国英语中用on: on weekends/ on the weekend.
Section D
1.But the most interesting thing for me was to take photos. 但是对于我来说最有趣的事情是照相。
to take photos 不定式短语在此句中作表语。
My job is to teach you English.
我的工作就是教你们英语。
take photos 照相;
On the third day of our trip,we climbed Mount fuji.
在我们旅行的第三天,我们怕了富士山。
2.On the third day of... ……的第三天;在具体某一天的早、中、晚上,前用介词on。
on the morning of March 10th. 在三月十日的上午;
on a cold evening 在一个寒冷的夜晚;
3.It was snowing when we got to the top.当我们到达山顶时,正在下雪。
1)get to the top 到达山顶;
2)get to = reach = arrive in (+ 大地点)/at(+小地点) 到达某地;
4.I was so excited that I didn’t feel cold at all. 我太激动了以至于一点儿也没觉得冷。
so.... that... 意为“如此……以至于……”;其结构式:so + 形容词/副词 + that + 状语从句;
He was so happy that he danced in the street.
他太高兴了,以至于在街上跳舞。
5.During our trip, in the evening, I sometimes went swimming in the pool while my best friend, Kelly, always went shopping.
在旅途中,晚上我有时去游泳池游泳,而我的好朋友凯莉总是去购物。
区别:sometimes, some times, sometime, some time
A. sometimes为副词,意思为“有时”,可用于句首、句中或句末,在句中作状语。
Sometimes he goes to the cinema on Sunday.
星期天他有时去看电影。
B. some times是词组,意思为“几次,几倍”,其中的times为可数名词的复数形式。
He has been to Beijing for some times before.
他以前去过北京几次。
C. sometime指某个不明确的时间,意思为“某个时候”。
We’ll take our holiday sometime in August.
我们将在八月的某个时候度假。
D. some time指某一段时间,其中的time为不可数名词,意思为“时间”。
I spend some time practicing speaking English every day.
我每天花一些时间练习说英语。
while 用于对比两件事物,意为“而,然而……”。
I like swimming, while my brother likes watching TV at home.
我喜欢游泳,而我的哥哥喜欢在家看电视。
while 引导时间状语从句时,意为“在……期间,当……的时候,与……同时”。
You can go swimming while I’m having lunch.
我吃午饭时,你可以去游泳。
6.It was really an interesting place to visit.那儿真是一个值得游玩的有趣的地方。
to visit 不定式在此句中作定语修饰前面的名词。
After Earth is a very fantastic movie to watch.
《重返世界》是部值得一看的精彩电影。
P.S.: 如果不定式动词是不及物动词时,后面须加相应的介词。
We need some paper to write on.
我们需要一些纸写字。
六、重点语法
【动词不定式】
1.动词不定式(1)基本构成形式是“ to + 动词原形”,如:to serve , to work to , to study(2)有时可以不带to ,叫做“不带to的动词不定式”,如:serve , work ,study(3)否定形式为 not to do 。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能单独做谓语
2. 不定式的形式:
a.一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后,如:
I'm glad to meet you.
b.进行式:不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,如:
He pretended to be working hard when mother came in.
c.完成式:不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,如:
She seems to have read the book before.
3.用法:在句中可以做主语,宾语,表语,状语,和宾语补足语
(1)做主语:
a.把不定式置于句首。如:
To get there by bike will take us half an hour.
b.用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中。如:
①It+be+名词+to do It's our duty to take good care of the old.
②It takes sb + some time +to do
How long did it take you to finish the work
③It+be+形容词+for sb+to do 逻辑主语
It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition a quarter of an hour.
④It+be+形容词+of sb+to do
“It is stupid of you to write down everything”, the teacher says.
注意:在③中,常用表示客观情况的形容词,如:difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等;
在④中,常用careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise等 表示赞扬或批评的词,强调对人的评价。在不定式前的sb,可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sb is+形容词+to do句式 ,如:
It's kind of you to help me with my English.
=You are kind to help me with my English.
⑤It seems(appears)+形容词+to do
It seemed impossible to save money.
c.带疑问词的不定式短语作主语
How to solve the problem is hard for him.
(2)做宾语:一般跟在谓语动词后面。begin, try, need, plan, forget, decide, agree, like 等后面常接动词不定式做宾语。
(3)做表语:常用来表示预定要发生的动作,一般跟在be 动词之后:
Your task is to find out the cost by bus
(4)做定语:可以用来修饰人和物,放在被修饰词后面。
The best way to get there is by bus.She wants a big house to live in.
(5)做状语:多表目的,结果,原因:
They organized a show to raise money.(目的状语)
I'm very pleased to hear the good news.(原因状语)
He returned home to find his wife waiting for him.(结果状语)
(6)做宾语补足语:“动词+宾语+ to do” 动词ask, tell, invite, allow, wish等后面多接不定式做宾语补足语,其中make, let, have等使役动词和see, watch, notice, feel, hear等感官动词后面接不带to 的不定式做宾语补足语:
I hear him sing in the next room.
He asked me to help him.
(7)动词不定式可与疑问词how, what, which, where, when等连用:
I don't know what to do.
【时间状语从句】
时间状语从句引导词有when, while, as , as soon as , after, before, till,until①when, while ,as引导的时间状语从句:when通常指时间点,有时也可指一段时间,表示主句和从句的动作或状态同时发生,谓语动词可用瞬时动词或持续性动词;while只表示一段时间,因此while 引导的从句的谓语动词要用持续性动词,强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。当when引导的从句指一段时间时,when和while可以互换。as 引导的时间状语从句往往可以与when,while互换,它通常表示动作发生的过程而不是状态,着重主句和从句的动作同时发生,有“随着…”或“一边…一边”之意 :
I'd like you to meet him when he arrives.When/While/As we were dancing, a stranger came in.We always sing as we walk.
②before , after 引导的时间状语从句before引导时间状语从句,意为“在…之前”,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前after引导时间状语从句,意为“在…之后”,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。③as soon as 引导时间状语从句:表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作随即就发生:
I'll tell him about it as soon as he comes back.
④until, till 引导的时间状语从句:意为“直到…”,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前,当主句的谓语动词是持续性动词时,主句常用肯定形式,当主句的谓语动词是短暂性动词时,主句常用否定形式, not…until 直到…才:
You may stay here till/until the rain stops.
He didn't go to bed until he finished his homework.
⑤时间状语从句的时态:主将从现,主过从过,主现从句可用任意时态。Unit 6 Topic 2
Section A
重点词组
be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事;
prepare for为……做准备;
(be) on vacation 度假;
look forward to + doing sth. 期待做某事;
make a plan to do sth.制订计划做某事;
receive a postcard 收到一张明信片;
plan a trip制定一个旅行计划;
come along (with) 跟着来,跟随;
work out 算出,解决,计算出,找出……的答案;
go to the seaside去海边;
camp in the forest 在森林宿营;
重点句型
1. Glad to receive your postcard. 很高兴收到你的明信片。
① receive 作动词,意为“收到,接到,受到”,表示客观上收到,常用短语:receive sth. from sb. 收到某人某物。
② accept 意为“接受”,表示主观上接受。如:
Nick received a letter from his father.
尼克收到父亲的一封来信。
I received his invitation but didn’t accept it.
我收到了他的请帖,但不接受邀请
2. While you were enjoying your trip to Mount Tai, I was busy preparing for my exams.当你在享受泰山之旅时,我正忙着准备考试。
(1)be busy doing sth.忙于做某事,后面还可接名词,即be busy with sth.忙于某事。如:
I am busy doing my homework.
= I am busy with my homework.
我忙于做作业。
(2)连词while 意为“当……时候,和……同时”,在此引导的从句或主句中的谓语必须用延续性动词,强调主句和从句的动作同时进行。如:
The accident happened while we are having dinner.
故事发生时,我们正在吃饭。
I was doing my homework while mom was cooking.
= While mom was cooking, I was doing my homework.
妈妈做饭时,我在做作业。
时间状语从句可以放在主句之前,也可以放在主句之后(需要注意的是:从句在前面时,主从句之间要用逗号隔开)
【辨析】 when和as也表示“当……时候”
① when 有两种不同用法:第一,和while一样,when可以搭配延续性动词;第二,when相当于at the time“就在那一刻”,后接短暂性动词,与主句动作有先后之分。如:
(用法一)Eric was listening to music when / while he was doing his homework. 埃里克一边做作业,一边听音乐。
(用法二)It began to rain when he got home.当他到家时,天开始下雨了。
② as 多用于口语,A. 强调at the same time.不指动作先后,而指同时发生,尤指短暂性动作或事件同时发生。
B. 说明两种正在发展或变化的情况。 如:
(A) Ann came along as she sang. 安边唱歌边走过来。
(B) It’s getting colder and colder as winter comes. 随着冬天的到来,天气越来越冷了。
(3)prepare for(doing)sth 准备(做)某事;如:
The students are preparing for the coming exams.
学生正在准备即将到来的考试。
3. But now I'm on vacation. 但我现在在度假。
on在这里指“处于……情况或状态”。这种用法常见短语:
on holiday 在度假;
on sale 热销中;
on business 在出差;
on line 在线
4. I’m looking forward to meeting him. 我盼着与他见面。
look forward to +(doing/ n./ pron.) 意为“期待,盼望”,to 是介词,后面可加名词(n.)、代词(pron.)或动名词 (doing);如:
He is looking forward to going abroad.
他期待去国外。
5. I’d like you to meet with me when he arrives. 我想要你在他到达时和我一起去见他。
当when引导的时间状语从句是将要发生的动作时,应用一般现在时代替一般现在将来时,其他连词引导的时间状语从句也是如此。(即主将从现) 如:
I’ll call you when he comes tomorrow.
他明天来的时候我会给你打个电话。
When I grow up, I’ll be a nurse.
我长大后要当一名护士。
6. Would you help me make a plan to explore Beijing before he comes 在他来之前,你能帮我制订一个探索北京的计划吗?
to explore Beijing 不定式作定语修饰 a plan.
(1) Would you 比will you 语气更加客气,委婉, 类似还有:could you....... 如:
Could you come along with us
你要和我们一起吗?
(2) ① make a plan to do sth.制订计划做某事;如:
The boy made a plan to visit around the world.
男孩制订了一个环游全世界的计划。
② make a plan for sth.为某事制订计划;如:
I made a plan for my summer vacation.
我为我的暑假制订了一个计划。
(3) explore 动词, 意为“考察(某地区),探险,勘察”;如:
He went out to explore.他出去考察了。
explorer 名词,意为“探险家,探测者”;如:
She want to be an explorer when she grows up.
当她长大后,她想成为一名探险家。
6. That would be very interesting. 那将会很有趣。
would意为“一定会;就会”,是情态动词,后接动词原形,表示猜测。如:
She would look nice with short hair.
她留短发会很好看。
7. Would you help me plan a trip 请你帮我定个旅行计划好吗?
(1) ①Would 与you 连用表示请求或要求;won’t you加强邀请的语气。但would 比will语气更加客气,委婉。如:
Will you come this way, please
请这边走好吗?
Won’t you coming in and take a seat
你怎么不进来找个位子坐下?
② Will you.... 和 Would you.... 在表达“请求”时用法完全一样,其答语也相同。只是后者更有礼貌。如:
—Will /Would you have some more tea 再喝点茶,好吗?
—Yes, please. 好的。/ No, thank you. 不,谢谢。
(2)trip 作可数名词,意为“旅行,旅程”。动词短语 plan a trip 意为“制定旅行计划”。
8. Could/ Can you come along with us 你和我们一起来好吗
(1)在表达请求别人做某事常用can/ could,could 更礼貌。肯定回答时用:can/may, 不用could。如:
—Could/ Can I ask you a question, Mr. Lee
李老师,我可以问你一个问题吗?
—Yes, of course you can. 当然可以。
(2)come along (with…) 意为“随同,跟随,和……一起来,进展”,如:
Ray had some work to finish and decided to come along later.
雷还有些工作要做完,决定迟点儿再来。
Would you like to come along with us?
你愿意跟我们一起吗?

Section B
重点词组
in the center of.... 在……中心
square meter 平方米
from ..... to...... 从……到……
in the north of..... 在……北侧
can't wait to do sth. 迫不及待地做某事
by the way 顺便问一下
重点句型
1. It covers 440000 square meters. 它占地面积为44万平方米。
(1)cover 动词,有多层含义:
①掩饰,遮盖;如:
She covered her face with her hands.
她双手掩面。
②覆盖; 如:
Snow covered the ground.
大雪覆盖了大地。
③占(一片面积);如:
Our school covers about 1000 square meters.
我们学校占地大约一千平方米。
(2)square meter 平方米;
2. It’s 880 meters long from north to south and 500 meters wide from east to west. 它南北长880米,东西宽500米。
(1)英语长、宽、高、深表达方法:基数词+长度单位+long/wide/high/deep 意为:“多少(米)长/宽/高/深”;如:
three meters long 三米长;
10 meters high 10米高;
0.6 meters wide 0.6米宽
one meter deep 一米深
The desk is about 1.2 meters long.
这张课桌大约1.2米长。
试比较以下两句话:
The boy is 10 years old. 这个男孩10岁。(作表语)
He is a 10-year-old boy.这是个10岁的男孩。(放在名词前作定语)
(2)from ..... to...... 从……到……;
3. It can hold one million people. 可以容纳100万人。
(1)hold在此处意为“容纳,包含”;如:
The plane holds about 300 passengers.
这架飞机可容纳大约300个乘客。
(2)hold还可表示“拿着,抓住,抱住”;如:
She was holding the baby in her arms.
她抱着婴儿。
(3)hold 还可意为“举行,进行”;如:
Beijing is holding the 9th International Garden Expo.
北京正在举行第九届国际园艺博览会。
4. In the north of the square, we can see Tian’anmen Rostrum. 在广场北端,我们可以看到天安门城楼。
in the +方位名词+of…,指在某一范围之内的地区。如:
Beijing is in the north part of China.(在内部)
to the +方位名词+of…,指互不接壤且互不管辖的两个地区。如:
Japan is to the east of China.
日本在中国东边。(不接壤)
on the +方位名词+of…,指相互接壤但互不管辖的两个地区。如:
Shangdong is on the northeast of Henan.
山东在河南的东北部。(接壤)
5. The square must be quite meaningful to all Chinese people. 这个广场对于所有的中国人来说一定意义重大。
① must在此表示肯定推测,意为“一定是,准是”。如:
The light is on. She must be at home.
灯亮着,她一定在家。
② may表示推测时可能性较小。如:
It may rain tomorrow.
明天可能会下雨。
③ can表示推测时,多用于否定句或疑问句。如:
That can't be Mary—She's in hospital.
那不可能是玛丽。她在住院。
6. I can’t wait to see it. 我迫不及待地想看了。
can't wait 表示一种迫切心情,意为“多么想,等不及”,后面一般接动词不定式: can’t wait to do sth. 等不及做某事,如:
He couldn't wait to open the box.
他迫不及待地打开盒子。
7. How far is it from here to Tian’anmen Square 这里离天安门广场多远?
(1)how far 用来询问距离、路程;it代之距离,常用:How far is it from A to B ……多远?来提问两地之间的距离。
【辨析】 How long ...... 也指……多远? 但是是对时间段或长度的提问。如:
—How long does it take to get to your house 到你家需要多久?
—Twenty minutes. 20分钟 。
—How far does is it from your house to our school
我们学校离你家有多远?
—Three kilometers. 3公里 。
(2) 路程表达有两种方式:
A .用长度单位表达。 如:
It’s 1000 kilometers away from Shanghai.
这离上海有1000千米
B.用时间表达。如:
It’s about twenty minutes’ walk from my home to my school.
从我家到学校步行大约需要20分钟。
8. It’s about one and a half hours by bike. 骑自行车大约要一个半小时。
“几个半”表示方法:
基数词+and+ a half +n.
= 基数词 +n. + and +a half.
one and a half hours
= one hour and a half
一个半小时;
It took me three and a half hours to finish the housework.
= It took me three hours and a half to finish the housework.
我花了三个半小时做完家务。
【链接】 文中one and a half hours by bike也可以表达为:one and a half hours’ (bike) ride.
ten minutes on food
= ten minutes’ walk 步行十分钟的路程
9. The chairman Mao Memorial Hall lies to the southeast of the Great Hall of the People while it lies to the southwest of the National Museum.毛主席纪念堂位于人民大会堂东南端,国家博物馆西南。
① lie意为“位于,坐落于”,其动名词形式为lying,过去式为lay. 如:
Japan lies to the east of China.
日本位于中国东面。
② lie还可以表示“躺,平卧”;如:
There was a child lying on the ground.
地上躺着一个小孩。
③ lie也意为“平放”。如:
Clothes were lying all over the floor.
地上到处堆放着衣服。
Section C
重点词组
a parking lot 一个停车场
be full of = be filled with 充满,装满......
look for... 寻找......
be surprised at... 对……感到惊奇
be surprised to do... 惊奇地(做)……
in all directions 四面八方
step on sth. 踏,踩某物
step on sb.’s feet 踩了某人的脚
push one’s way out 挤出去
too + adj. + to do sth. 太……而不能做某事
not…until… 直到……才……
raise one’s head 抬头
as soon as... 一……就……
an hour’s ride 骑一个小时车
be famous for... 因……而出名
can’t help doing sth 禁不住/忍不住做某事
重点句型
1. The parking lot was full of tour buses, cars and bicycles, so they had to look for space to park their bicycles. 停车场停满了旅游巴士、汽车和自行车,所以他们只好去找地方停他们的自行车。
(1)be full of 充满,装满,与be filled with 同义。如:
The classroom is full of students.
= The classroom is filled with students.
学生装满了整个教室。
(2)park 作名词,意为“公园”;如:
There is a park near my home. 我家附近有一个公园。
park 作动词,意为“停放(车辆);泊(车)”;如:
He found a place to park his car.
他找到一个地方停车。
(3)space 作不可数名词,意为“(可利用的) 空间,地方” 如:
That desk takes up too much space.那张桌子占地太大
room作不可数名词时,意为“空间”,与space同义,可互换。如:
There is no room/space on the bus.
公交车上一点空也没有。
(4)look for 意为“寻找”,强调动作。find 意为“找到”强调结果。如:
I looked for my watch here and there, but I couldn't find it.
我到处找我的手表,但是我没找到。
2. After parking their bicycles, they walked to Tian’anmen Square.在停好自行车后,他们步行到天安门广场。
当after引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句主语相同时,往往可以用“after+动词ing”的形式替代该状语从句。如:
After finishing my homework,I went out.
我做完作业后,就出去了!(句中Finish和go的主语相同都是I)
当由when,while,if,though,after,before,as等引导的时间状语从句中,从句的主语和主句的主语相同时可以用“连词+动词ing”的形式替代该状语从句。如:
When coming into the room(= When I came into the room),I saw him.
当我进入房间的时候,我看到了他。
While waiting there(While he waited there), he saw a pretty girl.
当他在哪里等待的时候,他看见了一个漂亮的女孩。
3. While the crowd was pushing Darren in all directions, someone stepped on his feet.人群把达伦挤得东倒西歪,有人踩了他的脚
(1)crowd n. 意为“人群,观众”。如:
A small crowd arrived at the top of hill.
一小群人到达山顶了。
crowded adj. 意为“人多的,拥挤的” 如:
In spring,the place is very crowded.
春天这地方很拥挤。
(2)push v. 意为“挤来挤去;推开;推动”。反义词是pull “拉;扯”。如:
You push while I pull. 你推我拉。
push one’s way out 意为“推进(道路);挤开”。如:
I pushed my way out and got to the front.
我挤到前面去了。
(3)direction n. 意为“方向,方位”,常和in搭配,如下:
in the direction of… 意为“朝……方向”。
Tom went off in the direction of the post office.
汤姆朝邮局方向去了。
in all directions 四面八方;
When the police arrived, the crowd ran away in all directions.
警察赶到后,人们便向四处散开了
(4)① step v. “踩,踏,行走”,step on sth. 踏,踩某物;如:
Don’t step on the flowers and grass.
不要践踏花草。
He opened the door and stepped out.
他打开们,走出去
② step可以作名词,表示“步伐;脚步;步骤‘台阶;距离”。如:
He walked with a quick light step.
他迈着轻快的步子走着。
It’s only a few steps further.
再走几步就到了。
I’ll explain it to you step by step. 我来一步一步地给你解释
There are 1000 steps in this building.
这栋楼有一千级台阶。
4. There you are! 你原来在这儿!
这是个倒装句,表达一种“惊讶”的语气。here和there常用来引导倒装句,其结构为:Here / There +代词+动词 或者 Here / There +代词+名词。如:
Here it is!它竟然在这儿!
Here comes the bus! 公车来了!
5. He was too worried to think about what to do.他太着急了以至于想不出该怎么办。
too + adj. + to do sth.
= not + adj. + enough + to do sth.
太……以至于……;太……而不能…… ,如:
The girl is too young to look after herself.
= The girl isn’t old enough to look after herself.
这个女孩太小了而照顾不了自己。
6.I’d like to tell you about my travel experiences. 我想把我的旅行经历告诉你。
experience n. 作可数名词,意为“经历,阅历”如:
My trip to Beijing is a great experience.
我的北京之旅是一次很好的经历
作不可数名词,意为“经验”。如:
Experience is the best teacher.
经验是最好的老师
Leo has three years’ experience of teaching English.
利奥有三年的英语教学经验。
Section D
重点词组
have a wonderful vacation 度过了一个愉快的假期;
have fun (in) doing sth. 从某事中获得乐趣;
ask sb. for help 向某人求助;
Thank goodness. 谢天谢地!
run after 追赶;
重点句型
1. While we were having fun exploring, I found that Darren was lost. 当我们兴致勃勃地游览时,我发现达伦不见了。
(1)have fun (in) doing sth. 高兴地做某事,兴致勃勃地做某事,如:
He is having fun drawing.
他在开心的画画。
(2)be lost “遗失,丢失”,如:
My purse was lost last week.
我的钱包上周丢了。
2. We looked for him everywhere. 我们到处寻找他。
everywhere adv. 意为“到处,处处”,可用here and there 替换。如:
His dog follows him everywhere.
他的狗处处跟着他。
3. We even asked a policeman for help. 我们甚至还请警察帮忙。
ask sb. for sth. 向某人要求或索要某物,如:
Tom is always asking me for money.
汤姆总是向我要钱。
【链接】 ask sb. to do sth.要求某人(去做某事)
ask for help 寻求帮助
ask for trouble自讨苦吃
ask about 咨询
重点语法:时间状语从句
1. 在时间状语从句中,要注意时态一致。
A. 当主句为一般过去时时,从句常用过去的某种时态。
While I was doing my homework , the telephone rang.
B. 当主句的时态为一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。
I will call you as soon as I get to Beijing.
2.常见地时间状语从句
一、 when、while和as的用法与区别
三者都表示“当……时候”,需要注意的是:
1. when引导的时间状语从句中,用动词的一般现在时表将来。
Mr. Smith will call you up when he arrives in Beijing.
当史密斯先生到达北京时,他将给你打电话。
2. when也能表示“正在这时”。
I was walking in the park, when it began to rain.
我正在公园里散步,这时天开始下雨了。
3. 与进行时连用时,when相当于while或as。
When/While/ As Jane was playing the violin, I walked in quietly. 当简在拉小提琴时,我悄 悄地走进了。
4. as引导时间状语从句时表示“当……时;一边……一边……”,侧重表示两个动作同时发生。
The boy jumps as he goes along.
那个男孩边走边跳。
二、由before和after引导的时间状语从句用法
before意为“在……之前”,根据具体语境还可意为“还没来得及/ 还没有……就……;……才……”等。
after表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。
We arrived there two days before Christmas.我们在
圣诞节前两天到了那儿。
Before he knew it, his piece of meat had fallen into the water. 他还没有醒悟过来,那块肉已经掉进水里了。
After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.
你仔细考虑过以后,告诉我你是怎样决定的。
三、as soon as引导的时间状语从句用法
as soon as意为“一……就”,表将来要发生的动作,遵循“主将从现”的原则;表示两个紧接着发生的动作,主从句都用一般过去时。
As soon as she comes to the party, we will give her a big surprise.
她一来参加晚会,我们就给她一个大惊喜。(现在)
As soon as he got to the station, the train left.
他一到达火车站,火车就离开了。(过去)
四、until引导的时间状语从句用法
1. 在含有until引导的时间状语从句中,如果主句的谓语动词是延续性动词,如:work,live,stay,study,play,wait等,那么这个主句常用肯定式,表示动作一直延续到until所表示的时间为止。until可意为“直到……为止”。
I’ll work until he tells me to stop.
我会一直工作到他叫我停下来为止。
2. 在含有until引导的时间状语从句中,如果主句的谓语动词是非持续性动词,如:come,go,leave,begin,start,finish等,那么这个主句常要用否定式,表示某一动作到until所表示的时间才发生。即not ...until... 意为“直到……才……”。如:
She didn’t go to bed until she finished her homework.
直到做完作业, 她才去睡觉。
Unit 6 Topic 3
一、词汇
1.passenger ['p s nd ] n.乘客, 旅客
2.crazy [ kre zi] adj.疯狂的, 狂热的, (指建筑等)不安全的
3.anywhere ['en hwe ] adv.无论何处
4.pollution [p lu ( )n] n.污染, 玷污
5.advantage [ d vɑ nt d ]n.优势, 有利条件, 利益
6.disagree [d s ɡri ]vi.不一致, 不适宜
7.disagree with sb.不同意,持不同意见
8.ridern.骑马(或自行车)的人, 骑手, 附文, 扶手
9.careless ['ke l s] adj.粗心的, 疏忽的
10.helmet ['helm t] n.头盔, 钢盔
11.light-colored adj.浅色的,淡色的
12.pay attention to 注意
13.signal [ s ɡn( )l] n.信号 adj.信号的 v.发信号, 用信号通知
14.safely adv.安全地, 确实地
15.truck [tr k] n.卡车, 手推车, 交易, 交换, 废物 v.交易, 交往
16.notice ['n t s] n.通知, 布告, 注意 v.注意到
17.reflectorn.反射体, 反射镜
18.case [ke s] n.事, 病例, 案例, 场合, 讼案, 容器, (语法)格
19.in case ofadv.假设, 万一
20.aid [e d]n.帮助, 援助, 帮助者vt.资助, 援助, 帮助
21. first aid n.(对伤患者的)急救
22.injury [ nd ri] n.伤害, 侮辱
23.in a word adv.总之
24.look out v.面朝, 留神, 照料
25.stream [stri m] n.溪, 川, 流, 一股, 一串, 河流 v.流, 涌, 流注
26.empty ['empti] adj.空的, 空洞的 v. 倒空 adj.空的,空闲的
27.Asia [ e ] n.亚洲
28.altitude [ lt tju d]n.(尤指海拔)高度, (等级, 地位等)高等
29.among [ 'm ] prep.在...之中, ...之一
30.France [frɑ ns] n.法国, 法兰西
31. mile [ma l] n.英里, 较大的距离
32. stage [ste d ]n.舞台, 戏剧, 活动场所 vt.上演, 筹备, 举行
33.central [ sentr( )l]adj.中心

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