资源简介

镇江市2023～2024学年度第一学期高一期末试卷
英语
2024.01
注意：本试卷分第一卷(选择题)和第二卷(非选择题)两部分。两部分答案都做在答题卡上。总分为150分。考试时间120分钟。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. How did the man go to work today
A. By bike. B. By car. C. On foot.
2. What does the woman think the film will be like
A. Sad. B. Enjoyable. C. Disappointing.
3. Why does the woman come
A. To have her dress shortened.
B. To get back her money.
C. To buy some new dresses.
4. How is the man feeling now
A. Anxious. B. Thankful. C. Hopeful.
5. What are the speakers mainly discussing
A. When the birthday cake can be ready.
B. Whether cold drinks will be offered.
C. What food will be provided.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Where does the conversation probably take place
A. At a shopping center. B. In a restaurant. C. On a train.
7. What does the man need to buy
A. Tickets. B. Clothes. C. Footballs.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. Their jobs. B. Their children. C. Their neighbors.
9. What can we learn about Jack
A. He is a student. B. He has three sisters. C. He went camping last weekend.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What computer does the man decide to buy
A. The X-H Opus. B. The X-K Opus. C. The X-R Opus.
11. What does the woman say about the computer the man wants to buy
A. It is not available today.
B. It is the cheapest in the store.
C. It is the newest model of this year.
12. What does the woman suggest the man do
A. Telephone her in ten days. B. Pay by credit card. C. Make a special order.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What did the man do last night
A. He played a match. B. He practiced tennis. C. He visited his teacher.
14. How often does the man have a tennis class
A. Once a week. B. Twice a week. C. Three times a week.
15. When does Paul give tennis lessons
A. On Friday and Sunday.
B. On Wednesday and Friday.
C. On Tuesday and Wednesday.
16. How much does the man pay Paul per hour
A. 12. B. 18. C. 30.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. How much should children aged between 14 and 16 pay per week
A. 105. B. 95. C. 85.
18. What should children bring
A. Special clothes. B. Their lunch. C. Their books.
19. When will a show be on
A. On Monday. B. On Thursday. C. On Friday.
20. What can children do today
A. Ask for a booking form. B. Attend the summer course. C. Visit the Silver Star School.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The driving routes on this list are open to the public and don’t require any special skills. Go out, explore and enjoy!
The Atlantic Road
NORWAY
The 5-mile road runs through an archipelago (群岛) of the Norwegian Sea, having eight impressive bridges on the way. It’s a popular place for car companies to film advertisements (广告).
Ring of Kerry
IRELAND
This 111-mile roadway offers up scenery and history in equal parts, on landscapes ranging from the shores of the Atlantic Ocean to deep forests. Parts of the road date back 10,000 years and roadway stops include the island monastery (修道院) of Skellig Michael and the Iron-Age Staigue stone fort (要塞).
Million Dollar Highway
COLORADO
The impressive views along this 25-mile highway are reason enough to make a point of taking the route. Colorado provides plenty of opportunities along the way like hiking, camping, rock climbing, snowshoeing and whitewater rafting. Stop in Durango or Telluride to enjoy Western U. S. shopping.
National Route A006
LAS CUEVAS,ARGENTINA
If carving curves is your thing, National Route A006 is the place to be. The curviest part of the road—with over 60 turns—runs from Las Cuevas to La Cumbre Pass. The roadway only opens in the summer, connecting the scenic (风景优美的) wine-growing area of Argentina with Chile’s capital, Santiago.
1. What is special about Ring of Kerry
A. It is 25 miles long. B. It provides rock climbing opportunities.
C. It offers ancient attractions. D. It only opens in summer and autumn.
2. Which route best suits drivers who like exploring roads with turns
A. The Atlantic Road. B. Ring of Kerry.
C. Million Dollar Highway. D. National Route A006.
3. What do the four routes have in common
A. They are in Asia. B. They are scenic places to drive.
C. They are forest road routes. D. They are popular movie filming locations.
B
In the summer of 1969, six-year-old Mike Massimino watched wide-eyed on the television as Neil Armstrong took the first step on the moon. He immediately made his mom turn his elephant school play costume into that of an astronaut for Halloween.
As a child attracted by the universe, he dreamt of becoming an astronaut. But his wish caught up with him when he realized he didn’t have the ideal skillset to make it as an astronaut: He was afraid of heights, had poor eyesight and couldn’t swim.
Given all of Massimino’s difficulty in qualifying as an astronaut, he worked for a different career. However, when the Challenger exploded, Massimino decided he wouldn’t wait any longer to realize his dream.
NASA’s elite program of astronaut s introduces a new class every couple of years. If you don’t make it, you won’t be considered again until the next round. Massimino first applied (申请) to the program in 1989. Eight months later, he received his rejection (拒绝) letter in the mail. Unsurprised, he began carrying out space research, working toward his PhD in engineering at MIT. He applied again two years later for the 1992 astronaut class. He got rejected again. Years later, for the class of 1995, Massimino’s application turned out unsuccessful. The interview was as tough as one would imagine.
Massimino failed because of something he could not change—not having 20/20 vision (视力). He didn’t stop there. After extensive research, he had vision training for nearly a year, having taken advice from others in the space science field, helping his eyes focus more clearly on objects (物体) in front of him.
Sending out his fourth application to NASA like a shot in the dark with a note from his eye doctor on his improvements, Massimino got a call. They would let him retake his eye test. He passed.
“Making a decision to give up on my dream after coming so close was unthinkable,” he said, “One in a million is not zero. I knew that if I gave up, I would always wonder what would have happened.”
4. What impressed Massimino at the age of six
A. The invention of television. B. A school play in Halloween.
C. Armstrong’s moonwalk. D. The explosion of the Challenger.
5. What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about
A. NASA’s program of astronauts. B. Massimino’s working experience at MIT.
C. NASA’s interview process. D. Massimino’s three unsuccessful applications.
6. How did Massimino improve his eyesight
A. By receiving vision training. B. By having an eye operation.
C. By focusing his eyes on big objects. D. By following his parents’ advice.
7. Which of the following can best describe Massimino
A. Clever. B. Determined. C. Thoughtful. D. Generous.
C
Mammoth Cave National Park, in the state of Kentucky, is a unique and historical natural wonder. It has the world’s longest cave system. There may be another 600 miles of cave passageways that have yet to be explored. In addition, more than 200 caves that are disconnected from the larger system can be found in the park.
The underground caves were created naturally by the process of limestone (石灰岩) erosion. Rain and rivers slowly dissolve (溶解) and shape soft limestone. The system is still being shaped today. Not only are they an amazing destination to visit, but the system also provides drinking water for about 40% of the US population.
The caves’ first explorers were Native Americans, who mined (采矿) the upper levels of Mammoth Cave. Later, the sites were left in great shape and began to draw public interest.
Mammoth Cave was made into a national park thanks to strong support. Back in the 1920s, the Southern Appalachian National Park Commission was set up in 1925. After years of work, as well as building roads and public facilities, the park was completed on July 1, 1941.
The park now receives around 2 million visitors a year, with about a quarter taking a tour of the caves—everything from a cultural tour to the more adventurous tours on offer. The cave supports more than 130 wildlife species (物种). The park is also much more than just a cave; the forest around has a diverse (多种多样的) range of species. There are miles of trails open for horseback riding, with canoe trails and great fishing spots. There are also more than 1,300 flowering species in the forest, and animals like wood warblers, thrushes, and bald eagles can regularly be seen.
8. What can we learn about Mammoth Cave from the first two paragraphs
A. It was made by ancient people. B. It has the length of 600 miles.
C. It is made up of 200 connected caves. D. It has a large underground system.
9. How do the caves form
A. Explorers mine the upper levels. B. The government searches for drinkable water.
C. Water dissolves limestone. D. People build roads and public facilities.
10. What can we learn from the last paragraph
A. More than 1,300 flowers grow in the caves.
B. The park offers visitors diverse experiences.
C. Most visitors come to the park just for caves.
D. Two million people have visited the park till now.
11. What is the best title for the text
A. Planning cave tours around the world
B. Exploring the world’s longest cave system
C. Learning about the explorers of Mammoth Cave
D. Predicting the future of Mammoth Cave National Park
D
Spending your nights sleeping for just four seconds at a time might sound painful, but not for chinstrap penguins (帽带企鹅), which fall asleep thousands of times a day, new research finds.
Scientists studying the chinstrap penguins on King George Island in Antarctica found they nod off more than10,000 times a day, allowing them to keep an eye on their nests all the time, protecting eggs and chicks from predators (捕食性动物).
“Nesting penguins took over 600 ‘microsleeps’ an hour, each lasting only four seconds,” researchers wrote in the paper, published in the journal Science. The findings suggest “microsleeps can perform at least some of the functions of sleep”.
Sleep seems to be common among animals but it makes them vulnerable because they lose the ability to respond quickly to the outside environment.
The researchers studied chinstrap penguins in the wild using electronicephalogram (EEG) monitoring. Microsleeps were shown by sleep-related brain activity and eye-closure. They noticed a slight increase in the depth of sleep at around noon, when risk of predation could be at its lowest.
Studies have shown some species routinely sleep very little seemingly without negative costs to their performance while awake. African bush elephants sleep on average for two hours a day, and mostly while standing up, one study found. Sometimes they went 48 hours without sleeping.
Giant frigate birds can spend months on the wing during ocean migrations (迁徙). During this period they can sleep for less than an hour a day, while still flying and hunting. When they get back to the nest they sleep for nearly 13 hours a day.
“Sleep seems to be flexible among species,” a researcher said. “I believe that there are still many things unknown about animal sleep.”
12. Why do Chinstrap Penguins nod off more than 10,000 times a day
A. To find family meals. B. To guard their newborns.
C. To enjoy good sleep. D. To get more rest.
13. What does the underlined word “vulnerable” mean in paragraph 4
A. Easily hurt. B. Fully prepared. C. Totally satisfied. D. Widely known.
14. What can affect the depth of sleep according to paragraph 5
A. Potential attacks from predators. B. Movements of eyes.
C. The number of nests. D. Changes of temperature.
15. What do the examples of African bush elephants and giant frigate birds suggest
A. Larger animals are likely to have less sleep.
B. Some animals sleep more during migration.
C. Birds can sleep when they are standing up.
D. Sleeping little may not affect waking performance.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
For college applicants, the essay is the place to show their writing skills and let their unique voice shine through. They want their essay to make a good impression, but they have only several hundred words to make that happen. ____16____ Here’s what students need to know about writing a good college application essay.
Getting Started on the College Essay
A good time for students to begin working on their essays is the summer before senior year, when homework and after-school activities aren’t taking up time and mental energy.
____17____. This is particularly important for those applying for early decision or early action. Students can go online to review essay requirements for the colleges they want to apply to. For example, many students may start with the Common App, an application platform accepted by more than 1,000 schools.
How to Pick a College Essay Topic
The essay isn’t a complete autobiography (自传). It’s terrible to think of putting their whole life in one essay. ___18___. Students can also write about something that shows an aspect of their background. These are the types of essays that typically stand out.
Writing the College Essay
The key to a good college essay is keeping it simple. In other words, they should think small. ____19____. An expert says, “You don’t have to come up with a plan for world peace. Think small enough to identify details in your life that belong only to you.”
Editing and Submitting (提交) the College Essay
When reviewing the essay, students should make sure their writing is showing, not telling. This means students should show their readers examples that prove they have certain details.
____20____. On the Common App, for example, students copy their essay into a text box.
A. This can feel like a lot of pressure.
B. Don’t let anyone else change the style of the essay.
C. They can ask friends or other family members for help.
D. It means paying close attention to the little meaningful things in their life.
E. Starting early will also give students plenty of time to work through the essay.
F. Experts say students should narrow their focus and write about a unique experience.
G. When an essay is ready to go, students will generally submit it online with the rest of their application.
第三部分 语言运用(共五节，满分55分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Eddie McCarthy was watching the local TV news when he suddenly saw a ____21____ face on the screen: Roman, one of his high school math students. His parents were ____22____ looking for a live kidney (肾) donor for him. McCarthy decided he would get a blood test to see if he might be a ____23____ match.
Roman’s kidney s were failing, and he would likely have to wait three to five years for a donor kidney, ___24___more than 92,000 people were on the waiting list.
Roman’s mother said, “Every birthday was bittersweet, knowing that Roman was getting closer to ____25____ a kidney transplant (移植).” His parents began an all-out ____26____ for a living donor two years ago.
Then in February, their ____27____ came after McCarthy saw them on the local news. McCarthy got a blood test at a local clinic and ____28____ that his blood type was O positive like Roman’s. He soon did more tests. At the end of June, he ____29____ news that he would be a great donor match for Roman.
When the hospital ____30____ in June that the operation would be performed, Roman’s parents began to shed tears.
Roman’s transplant went smoothly, and he was pretty much back to being a ____31____ 15-year-old kid. His parents’ friends ____32____ a GoFundMe account for him to help pay the expense.
“Everyone in our family will forever be ____33____ for what the donor did,” Roman’s mother said. “We hope that his ____34____ will give hope to others who are ____35____ what we did, and that they’ll also find donors.”
21. A. familiar B. precious C. common D. different
22. A. comfortably B. happily C. anxiously D. secretly
23. A. strange B. potential C. regular D. original
24. A. if B. until C. because D. although
25. A. admitting B. needing C. improving D. balancing
26. A. search B. responsibility C. suggestion D. excuse
27. A. competition B. challenge C. pride D. luck
28. A. remembered B. commented C. learned D. imagined
29. A. ignored B. spread C. received D. brought
30. A. determined B. blamed C. pretended D. praised
31. A. perfect B. generous C. similar D. normal
32. A. stole B. started C. saved D. sold
33. A. thankful B. patient C. eager D. concerned
34. A. role B. target C. title D. gift
35. A. showing off B. going through C. holding onto D. getting over
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Recently, chatbot (聊天机器人) technology has gained ____36____ (popular) in the world of AI (人工智能). One of the most well-known chatbots ____37____ (call) GPT, which was developed by OpenAI. Its birth can date back to 2018, ____38____ the first version of GPT appeared. This version could deal with natural-sounding texts.
Over the past few years, GPT ____39____ (experience) several updates and improvements, making it one of the most ____40____ (advance) chatbots in the world. The most exciting development is its ability ____41____ (learn) new information. This means that as users chat with GPT, it becomes ____42____ (good) at understanding and responding to their needs than ever before.
____43____ (look) to the future, we are confident that chatbots like GPT have the potential to change the way we live with technology. GPT has the potential to create better user experiences from customer service to education.
In all, ____44____ birth and development of GPT has been a milestone (里程碑) in the history of AI. ____45____ the continued progress of this technology, we can expect to see many exciting new developments in the years to come.
第三节 单词拼写
根据首字母或中文提示写出句中所缺单词，注意使用正确形式。(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
46. Alipay and WeChat Pay make it ______(方便的) for people to pay for groceries in the supermarket. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
47. The famous director is busy ______(改编) a play from a short story. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
48 He found it hard to ______(呼吸) as he found himself stuck in a lift alone. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
49. All eyes were focused on the beautiful bride at the ______(入口) of the hall. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
50. The young actor ______ (犹豫) before stepping onto the stage, surprised by the size of the audience. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
51. People t ______ to be happier and healthier if they have plenty of positive emotions in their everyday lives. (根据首字母单词拼写)
52. He will not get the job as a salesman, because he l______ communication skills. (根据首字母单词拼写)
53. He is a good swimmer because in his childhood he p______ swimming to other sports and practised a lot. (根据首字母单词拼写)
54. D______ our best efforts, we failed to finish the project on time. (根据首字母单词拼写)
55. Natural resources are things that e______ in nature and can be used by people. (根据首字母单词拼写)
第四节 短语填空
从所给短语中(一个多余)选择并用其正确形式完成句子。(共10小题，每小题0.5分，满分5分)
阅读下面句子，从方框内选择合适的短语，在空白处填入其适当形式。
not to mention do wonders pull up fall on set off in response to pass down stick with in honor of be rooted in over the long term
56. Hearing a strange noise while driving, I ______ and stepped out to figure out what was going on.
57. ______ customers’ growing needs, the company introduced a new line of recyclable goods.
58. Language learning should ______ real and meaningful situations.
59. Many countries in the world enjoy the tradition of ______ fireworks on special times.
60. The project will bring us a great number of benefits ______.
61. The picnic was a pleasant experience, with everyone enjoying the sunny weather and delicious food, ______ the laughter of good friends.
62. ______ Zhang Guimei’s devotion to education, a special ceremony was held to recognize what she had done for countless students.
63. Regular workout ______ for teenagers’ physical and mental health.
64. The Mid-autumn Festival which ______ the 15th day of the 8th lunar month is an occasion for admiring the full moon and enjoying moon cakes.
65. Although they offered more attractive options, I decided to ______ my original plan.
第五节 单句语法填空
在下列句子的空白处填入适当的连接词或括号内动词的正确形式。(共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分)
66. The greatest danger ______ sailors have to face is probably fog. (用适当的词填空)
67. Preparations ______ (make) at the moment for the reopening of the City Stadium Center. (所给词的适当形式填空)
68. With joint efforts, a library with ten reading rooms ______(build) last year. (所给词的适当形式填空)
69. Taking exercise helps me improve immune system, ______(enable) me to strengthen my body. (所给词的适当形式填空)
70. On the old Silk Road, Dunhuang was the gateway to and from ancient China, a place ______ East met West. (用适当的词填空)
71. Drinking cola often ______ (make) the cinema experience more enjoyable. (所给词的适当形式填空)
72. At the 2023 FIDE World Championship, Ding Liren became the first Chinese male player ______ (win) the world chess championship. (所给词的适当形式填空)
73. We should be positive enough though we don’t know ______life may hold in store for us. (用适当词填空)
74. The joy of traveling lies not in arriving at your destination ______in the journey itself. (用适当的词填空)
75. Known as the “Ice City”, Harbin ______ (draw) more than 3,000,000 tourists from various areas since the beginning of this winter. (所给词的适当形式填空)
第四部分 应用文写作(满分15分)
76. 假定你是某国际学校学生李华，你留学生朋友Chris听说你校最近设立了太极俱乐部，想了解该俱乐部的情况。请你给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 创办目的；
2. 具体活动；
3. 开放时间和地点。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Chris,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua镇江市2023～2024学年度第一学期高一期末试卷
英语
2024.01
注意：本试卷分第一卷(选择题)和第二卷(非选择题)两部分。两部分答案都做在答题卡上。总分为150分。考试时间120分钟。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. How did the man go to work today
A. By bike. B. By car. C. On foot.
2. What does the woman think the film will be like
A. Sad. B. Enjoyable. C. Disappointing.
3. Why does the woman come
A. To have her dress shortened.
B. To get back her money.
C. To buy some new dresses.
4. How is the man feeling now
A. Anxious. B. Thankful. C. Hopeful.
5. What are the speakers mainly discussing
A. When the birthday cake can be ready.
B. Whether cold drinks will be offered.
C. What food will be provided.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Where does the conversation probably take place
A. At a shopping center. B. In a restaurant. C. On a train.
7. What does the man need to buy
A. Tickets. B. Clothes. C. Footballs.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. Their jobs. B. Their children. C. Their neighbors.
9. What can we learn about Jack
A. He is a student. B. He has three sisters. C. He went camping last weekend.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What computer does the man decide to buy
A. The X-H Opus. B. The X-K Opus. C. The X-R Opus.
11. What does the woman say about the computer the man wants to buy
A. It is not available today.
B. It is the cheapest in the store.
C. It is the newest model of this year.
12. What does the woman suggest the man do
A. Telephone her in ten days. B. Pay by credit card. C. Make a special order.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What did the man do last night
A. He played a match. B. He practiced tennis. C. He visited his teacher.
14. How often does the man have a tennis class
A. Once a week. B. Twice a week. C. Three times a week.
15. When does Paul give tennis lessons
A. On Friday and Sunday.
B. On Wednesday and Friday.
C. On Tuesday and Wednesday.
16. How much does the man pay Paul per hour
A. 12. B. 18. C. 30.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. How much should children aged between 14 and 16 pay per week
A. 105. B. 95. C. 85.
18. What should children bring
A. Special clothes. B. Their lunch. C. Their books.
19. When will a show be on
A. On Monday. B. On Thursday. C. On Friday.
20. What can children do today
A. Ask for a booking form. B. Attend the summer course. C. Visit the Silver Star School.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The driving routes on this list are open to the public and don’t require any special skills. Go out, explore and enjoy!
The Atlantic Road
NORWAY
The 5-mile road runs through an archipelago (群岛) of the Norwegian Sea, having eight impressive bridges on the way. It’s a popular place for car companies to film advertisements (广告).
Ring of Kerry
IRELAND
This 111-mile roadway offers up scenery and history in equal parts, on landscapes ranging from the shores of the Atlantic Ocean to deep forests. Parts of the road date back 10,000 years and roadway stops include the island monastery (修道院) of Skellig Michael and the Iron-Age Staigue stone fort (要塞).
Million Dollar Highway
COLORADO
The impressive views along this 25-mile highway are reason enough to make a point of taking the route. Colorado provides plenty of opportunities along the way like hiking, camping, rock climbing, snowshoeing and whitewater rafting. Stop in Durango or Telluride to enjoy Western U. S. shopping.
National Route A006
LAS CUEVAS,ARGENTINA
If carving curves is your thing, National Route A006 is the place to be. The curviest part of the road—with over 60 turns—runs from Las Cuevas to La Cumbre Pass. The roadway only opens in the summer, connecting the scenic (风景优美的) wine-growing area of Argentina with Chile’s capital, Santiago.
1. What is special about Ring of Kerry
A. It is 25 miles long. B. It provides rock climbing opportunities.
C. It offers ancient attractions. D. It only opens in summer and autumn.
2. Which route best suits drivers who like exploring roads with turns
A. The Atlantic Road. B. Ring of Kerry.
C. Million Dollar Highway. D. National Route A006.
3. What do the four routes have in common
A. They are in Asia. B. They are scenic places to drive.
C. They are forest road routes. D. They are popular movie filming locations.
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了对公众开放的四条驾驶路线，这四条路上都风景优美，值得探索。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Ring of Kerry标题下“Parts of the road date back 10,000 years and roadway stops include the island monastery (修道院) of Skellig Michael and the Iron-Age Staigue stone fort (要塞).(部分道路可以追溯到10000年前，道路停靠点包括Skellig Michael岛修道院和铁器时代的Staigue石堡)”可知，Ring of Kerry特别之处在于你可以参观一些古老的景点。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据National Route A006标题下“The curviest part of the road—with over 60 turns—runs from Las Cuevas to La Cumbre Pass.(这条路最弯曲的部分有60多个转弯，从拉斯奎瓦斯到拉康布雷山口)”可知，National Route A006最适合喜欢探索弯道的司机。故选D。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据The Atlantic Road标题下“The 5-mile road runs through an archipelago (群岛) of the Norwegian Sea, having eight impressive bridges on the way. (这条5英里长的公路穿过挪威海群岛，途中有八座令人印象深刻的桥梁)”，Ring of Kerry标题下“This 111-mile roadway offers up scenery and history in equal parts, on landscapes ranging from the shores of the Atlantic Ocean to deep forests. (这条111英里长的道路提供了从大西洋海岸到森林深处的风景和历史)”，Million Dollar Highway标题下“The impressive views along this 25-mile highway are reason enough to make a point of taking the route. (沿着这条25英里长的高速公路，令人印象深刻的景色足以让我们选择这条路线)”以及National Route A006标题下“The roadway only opens in the summer, connecting the scenic (风景优美的) wine-growing area of Argentina with Chile’s capital, Santiago.(这条公路只在夏天开放，连接阿根廷风景优美的葡萄酒种植区和智利首都圣地亚哥)”可知，这四条路上都有优美的景色。故选B。
B
In the summer of 1969, six-year-old Mike Massimino watched wide-eyed on the television as Neil Armstrong took the first step on the moon. He immediately made his mom turn his elephant school play costume into that of an astronaut for Halloween.
As a child attracted by the universe, he dreamt of becoming an astronaut. But his wish caught up with him when he realized he didn’t have the ideal skillset to make it as an astronaut: He was afraid of heights, had poor eyesight and couldn’t swim.
Given all of Massimino’s difficulty in qualifying as an astronaut he worked for a different career. However, when the Challenger exploded, Massimino decided he wouldn’t wait any longer to realize his dream.
NASA’s elite program of astronaut s introduces a new class every couple of years. If you don’t make it, you won’t be considered again until the next round. Massimino first applied (申请) to the program in 1989. Eight months later, he received his rejection (拒绝) letter in the mail. Unsurprised, he began carrying out space research, working toward his PhD in engineering at MIT. He applied again two years later for the 1992 astronaut class. He got rejected again. Years later, for the class of 1995, Massimino’s application turned out unsuccessful. The interview was as tough as one would imagine.
Massimino failed because of something he could not change—not having 20/20 vision (视力). He didn’t stop there. After extensive research, he had vision training for nearly a year, having taken advice from others in the space science field, helping his eyes focus more clearly on objects (物体) in front of him.
Sending out his fourth application to NASA like a shot in the dark with a note from his eye doctor on his improvements, Massimino got a call. They would let him retake his eye test. He passed.
“Making a decision to give up on my dream after coming so close was unthinkable,” he said, “One in a million is not zero. I knew that if I gave up, I would always wonder what would have happened.”
4. What impressed Massimino at the age of six
A. The invention of television. B. A school play in Halloween.
C. Armstrong’s moonwalk. D. The explosion of the Challenger.
5. What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about
A. NASA’s program of astronauts. B. Massimino’s working experience at MIT.
C. NASA’s interview process. D. Massimino’s three unsuccessful applications.
6. How did Massimino improve his eyesight
A. By receiving vision training. B. By having an eye operation.
C. By focusing his eyes on big objects. D. By following his parents’ advice.
7. Which of the following can best describe Massimino
A. Clever. B. Determined. C. Thoughtful. D. Generous.
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. A 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Mike Massimino在六岁时在电视上看到阿姆斯特朗登月，从此他就有了成为宇航员的梦想。由于他的视力问题，他三次申请成为宇航员都没有成功。但是他并没有气馁，经过专业的视力训练，他终于通过了视力测试，所以他觉得只要坚持就能成功。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“In the summer of 1969, six-year-old Mike Massimino watched wide-eyed on the television as Neil Armstrong took the first step on the moon. He immediately made his mom turn his elephant school play costume into that of an astronaut for Halloween.(1969年夏天，6岁的迈克·马西米诺在电视前睁大了眼睛，看着尼尔·阿姆斯特朗迈出了登月的第一步。他立刻让妈妈把他的大象学校戏服改成了万圣节的宇航员戏服)”可知，六岁时让Mike Massimino印象深刻的是宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗在月球上迈出的第一步。故选C。
【5题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段“If you don’t make it, you won’t be considered again until the next round. Massimino first applied (申请) to the program in 1989. Eight months later, he received his rejection (拒绝) letter in the mail. Unsurprised, he began carrying out space research, working toward his PhD in engineering at MIT. He applied again two years later for the 1992 astronaut class. He got rejected again. Years later, for the class of 1995, Massimino’s application turned out unsuccessful. The interview was as tough as one would imagine.(如果你没有成功，你将不会被再次考虑，直到下一轮。马西米诺于1989年首次申请该项目。八个月后，他收到了邮件中的拒绝信。不出所料，他开始进行太空研究，在麻省理工学院攻读工程博士学位。两年后，他再次申请参加1992年的宇航员班。他又被拒绝了。几年后，对于1995届毕业生来说，马西米诺的申请没有成功。这次面试和人们想象的一样艰难)”可知，本段主要讲述了Massimino三次申请宇航员失败的经历。故选D。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“After extensive research, he had vision training for nearly a year, having taken advice from others in the space science field, helping his eyes focus more clearly on objects (物体) in front of him.(经过广泛的研究，他接受了空间科学领域其他人的建议，进行了近一年的视力训练，帮助他的眼睛更清晰地聚焦在面前的物体上)”可知，Massimino进行了近一年的视力训练，从而提高了自己的视力。故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段““Making a decision to give up on my dream after coming so close was unthinkable,” he said, “One in a million is not zero. I knew that if I gave up, I would always wonder what would have happened.”(他说：“在离梦想如此之近后，做出放弃梦想的决定是不可想象的，万里挑一不是零。我知道如果我放弃了，我总是想知道会发生什么。”)”以及全文可知，Massimino决心成为宇航员，由于视力不合格，他虽然经历了三次失败的过程，但是他决定不放弃，通过努力终于离自己的梦想又进了一步。由此可推知，Massimino是一个意志坚强的人。故选B。
C
Mammoth Cave National Park, in the state of Kentucky, is a unique and historical natural wonder. It has the world’s longest cave system. There may be another 600 miles of cave passageways that have yet to be explored. In addition, more than 200 caves that are disconnected from the larger system can be found in the park.
The underground caves were created naturally by the process of limestone (石灰岩) erosion. Rain and rivers slowly dissolve (溶解) and shape soft limestone. The system is still being shaped today. Not only are they an amazing destination to visit, but the system also provides drinking water for about 40% of the US population.
The caves’ first explorers were Native Americans, who mined (采矿) the upper levels of Mammoth Cave. Later, the sites were left in great shape and began to draw public interest.
Mammoth Cave was made into a national park thanks to strong support. Back in the 1920s, the Southern Appalachian National Park Commission was set up in 1925. After years of work, as well as building roads and public facilities, the park was completed on July 1, 1941.
The park now receives around 2 million visitors a year, with about a quarter taking a tour of the caves—everything from a cultural tour to the more adventurous tours on offer. The cave supports more than 130 wildlife species (物种). The park is also much more than just a cave; the forest around has a diverse (多种多样的) range of species. There are miles of trails open for horseback riding, with canoe trails and great fishing spots. There are also more than 1,300 flowering species in the forest, and animals like wood warblers, thrushes, and bald eagles can regularly be seen.
8. What can we learn about Mammoth Cave from the first two paragraphs
A. It was made by ancient people. B. It has the length of 600 miles.
C. It is made up of 200 connected caves. D. It has a large underground system.
9. How do the caves form
A. Explorers mine the upper levels. B. The government searches for drinkable water.
C. Water dissolves limestone. D. People build roads and public facilities.
10. What can we learn from the last paragraph
A. More than 1,300 flowers grow in the caves.
B. The park offers visitors diverse experiences.
C. Most visitors come to the park just for caves.
D. Two million people have visited the park till now.
11. What is the best title for the text
A. Planning cave tours around the world
B. Exploring the world’s longest cave system
C. Learning about the explorers of Mammoth Cave
D. Predicting the future of Mammoth Cave National Park
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. B 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了肯塔基州的一个洞穴公园的具体情况。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Mammoth Cave National Park, in the state of Kentucky, is a unique and historical natural wonder. It has the world’s longest cave system.(位于肯塔基州的猛犸洞国家公园是一个独特的历史自然奇观。它拥有世界上最长的洞穴系统。)”和第二段中“The underground caves were created naturally by the process of limestone (石灰岩) erosion.(地下洞穴是由石灰石侵蚀过程自然形成的)”可知，猛犸洞有一个庞大的地下系统。故选D项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The underground caves were created naturally by the process of limestone (石灰岩) erosion. Rain and rivers slowly dissolve (溶解) and shape soft limestone. The system is still being shaped today.(地下洞穴是由石灰石侵蚀过程自然形成的。雨水和河流慢慢溶解，形成柔软的石灰岩。今天，这一体系仍在塑造之中)”可知，洞穴是通过水溶解石灰岩形成的。故选C项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The park now receives around 2 million visitors a year, with about a quarter taking a tour of the caves—everything from a cultural tour to the more adventurous tours on offer. The cave supports more than 130 wildlife species (物种). The park is also much more than just a cave; the forest around has a diverse (多种多样的) range of species. There are miles of trails open for horseback riding, with canoe trails and great fishing spots. There are also more than 1,300 flowering species in the forest, and animals like wood warblers, thrushes, and bald eagles can regularly be seen.(现在，该公园每年接待约200万游客，其中约四分之一的人会参观洞穴——从文化之旅到更冒险的旅行都有。洞穴里生活着130多种野生动物。这个公园也不仅仅是一个洞穴；周围的森林里有各种各样的物种。这里有数英里的小径可供骑马，还有独木舟小径和绝佳的钓鱼点。森林里还有1300多种开花物种，经常可以看到林莺、画眉和秃鹰等动物)”可知，从最后一段我们能了解到，公园为游客提供了多样化的体验。故选B项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段“Mammoth Cave National Park, in the state of Kentucky, is a unique and historical natural wonder. It has the world’s longest cave system. There may be another 600 miles of cave passageways that have yet to be explored. In addition, more than 200 caves that are disconnected from the larger system can be found in the park.(位于肯塔基州的猛犸洞国家公园是一个独特的历史自然奇观。它拥有世界上最长的洞穴系统。可能还有600英里的洞穴通道尚未被探索。此外，在公园里可以找到200多个与大系统分离的洞穴)”可知，猛犸洞国家公园的石灰岩洞穴系统的自然景观的形成过程，以及政府为开发这个国家公园的支持，还有它的特色和历史意义，B项“探索世界上最长的洞穴系统”为最佳题目。故选B项。
D
Spending your nights sleeping for just four seconds at a time might sound painful, but not for chinstrap penguins (帽带企鹅), which fall asleep thousands of times a day, new research finds.
Scientists studying the chinstrap penguins on King George Island in Antarctica found they nod off more than10,000 times a day, allowing them to keep an eye on their nests all the time, protecting eggs and chicks from predators (捕食性动物).
“Nesting penguins took over 600 ‘microsleeps’ an hour each lasting only four seconds,” researchers wrote in the paper, published in the journal Science. The findings suggest “microsleeps can perform at least some of the functions of sleep”.
Sleep seems to be common among animals, but it makes them vulnerable because they lose the ability to respond quickly to the outside environment.
The researchers studied chinstrap penguins in the wild using electronicephalogram (EEG) monitoring. Microsleeps were shown by sleep-related brain activity and eye-closure. They noticed a slight increase in the depth of sleep at around noon, when risk of predation could be at its lowest.
Studies have shown some species routinely sleep very little, seemingly without negative costs to their performance while awake. African bush elephants sleep on average for two hours a day, and mostly while standing up, one study found. Sometimes they went 48 hours without sleeping.
Giant frigate birds can spend months on the wing during ocean migrations (迁徙). During this period they can sleep for less than an hour a day, while still flying and hunting. When they get back to the nest they sleep for nearly 13 hours a day.
“Sleep seems to be flexible among species,” a researcher said. “I believe that there are still many things unknown about animal sleep.”
12. Why do Chinstrap Penguins nod off more than 10,000 times a day
A. To find family meals. B. To guard their newborns.
C. To enjoy good sleep. D. To get more rest.
13. What does the underlined word “vulnerable” mean in paragraph 4
A. Easily hurt. B. Fully prepared. C. Totally satisfied. D. Widely known.
14. What can affect the depth of sleep according to paragraph 5
A. Potential attacks from predators. B. Movements of eyes.
C. The number of nests. D. Changes of temperature.
15. What do the examples of African bush elephants and giant frigate birds suggest
A. Larger animals are likely to have less sleep.
B. Some animals sleep more during migration.
C. Birds can sleep when they are standing up.
D. Sleeping little may not affect waking performance.
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. A 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究发现，每晚只睡四秒钟听起来很痛苦，但对企鹅来说并不是这样，它们一天要睡几千次。一些物种通常睡得很少，似乎对它们清醒时的表现没有负面影响。文章对此进行了详细介绍。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Scientists studying the chinstrap penguins on King George Island in Antarctica found they nod off more than10,000 times a day, allowing them to keep an eye on their nests all the time, protecting eggs and chicks from predators (捕食性动物).(科学家们在南极洲乔治王岛上研究帽带企鹅时发现，它们每天打盹超过1万次，这样它们就能一直盯着自己的巢穴，保护蛋和雏鸟不受捕食者的伤害)”可知，帽带企鹅每天打盹超过1万次是为了保护它们的新生儿。故选B。
【13题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“because they lose the ability to respond quickly to the outside environment(因为它们失去了对外界环境做出快速反应的能力)”可知，此处是指睡眠让动物变得脆弱。由此可知，划线词vulnerable意为“脆弱的”，与Easily hurt(容易受伤的)意思接近。故选A。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“They noticed a slight increase in the depth of sleep at around noon, when risk of predation could be at its lowest.(他们注意到，中午左右的睡眠深度略有增加，而此时被捕食的风险可能最低)”可知，掠食者的潜在攻击会影响睡眠深度。故选A。
15题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段第一句“Studies have shown some species routinely sleep very little, seemingly without negative costs to their performance while awake.(研究表明，一些物种通常睡得很少，似乎对它们清醒时的表现没有负面影响)”及非洲丛林象和巨型军舰鸟的例子可知，非洲丛林象和巨型军舰鸟的例子说明睡得少可能不会影响清醒时的表现。故选D。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
For college applicants, the essay is the place to show their writing skills and let their unique voice shine through. They want their essay to make a good impression, but they have only several hundred words to make that happen. ____16____ Here’s what students need to know about writing a good college application essay.
Getting Started on the College Essay
A good time for students to begin working on their essays is the summer before senior year, when homework and after-school activities aren’t taking up time and mental energy.
____17____. This is particularly important for those applying for early decision or early action. Students can go online to review essay requirements for the colleges they want to apply to. For example, many students may start with the Common App, an application platform accepted by more than 1,000 schools.
How to Pick a College Essay Topic
The essay isn’t a complete autobiography (自传). It’s terrible to think of putting their whole life in one essay. ___18___. Students can also write about something that shows an aspect of their background. These are the types of essays that typically stand out.
Writing the College Essay
The key to a good college essay is keeping it simple. In other words, they should think small. ____19____. An expert says, “You don’t have to come up with a plan for world peace. Think small enough to identify details in your life that belong only to you.”
Editing and Submitting (提交) the College Essay
When reviewing the essay, students should make sure their writing is showing, not telling. This means students should show their readers examples that prove they have certain details.
____20____. On the Common App, for example, students copy their essay into a text box.
A. This can feel like a lot of pressure.
B. Don’t let anyone else change the style of the essay.
C. They can ask friends or other family members for help.
D. It means paying close attention to the little meaningful things in their life.
E. Starting early will also give students plenty of time to work through the essay.
F. Experts say students should narrow their focus and write about a unique experience.
G. When an essay is ready to go, students will generally submit it online with the rest of their application.
【答案】16. A 17. E 18. F 19. D 20. G
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章列举了一些学生们写一篇好的大学申请论文需要知道的事情。
【16题详解】
根据前文“They want their essay to make a good impression, but they have only several hundred words to make that happen.(他们想让自己的文章给人留下好印象，但他们只有几百个单词来实现这一目标。)”可知，此处是指前文中提到的情况会让学生很有压力，所以选项A“这会给你带来很大的压力。”切合文意。故选A。
【17题详解】
根据小标题“Getting Started on the College Essay(开始写大学申请论文)”和前文“A good time for students to begin working on their essays is the summer before senior year, when homework and after-school activities aren’t taking up time and mental energy.(学生开始写论文的好时机是高三前的夏天，此时作业和课外活动不会占用时间和精力。)”以及后文“This is particularly important for those applying for early decision or early action.(这对那些申请提前决定或提前行动的人尤其重要。)”可知，此处是指早开始写大学申请论文很重要，所以选项E“尽早开始也会给学生足够的时间来完成论文。”切合文意。故选E。
【18题详解】
根据前文“The essay isn’t a complete autobiography (自传). It’s terrible to think of putting their whole life in one essay.(这篇文章不是一部完整的自传。把他们的一生都写在一篇文章里是很可怕的。)”和后文“Students can also write about something that shows an aspect of their background.(学生也可以写一些显示他们背景的东西。)”可知，此处是对大学申请论文主题提出一些建议，所以选项F“专家说，学生应该缩小他们的关注点，写一段独特的经历。”切合文意。故选F。
【19题详解】
根据前文“The key to a good college essay is keeping it simple. In other words, they should think small.(一篇好的大学论文的关键是保持简单。换句话说，他们应该从小处着眼。)”和后文“You don’t have to come up with a plan for world peace. Think small enough to identify details in your life that belong only to you.(你不需要想出一个世界和平的计划。从足够小的角度思考，找出生活中只属于你自己的细节。)”可知，此处是指大学申请论文应该着眼于生命中有意义的小事情，所以选项D“这意味着密切关注他们生活中有意义的小事情。”切合文意。故选D。
【20题详解】
根据小标题“Editing and Submitting (提交) the College Essay(编辑和提交大学申请论文)”和后文“On the Common App, for example, students copy their essay into a text box.(例如，在Common App上，学生们将他们的文章复制到一个文本框中。)”可知，此处是指大学申请论文的编辑和提交，所以选项G“当一篇论文准备好了，学生们通常会把它和申请的其它部分一起提交到网上。”切合文意。故选G。
第三部分 语言运用(共五节，满分55分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Eddie McCarthy was watching the local TV news when he suddenly saw a ____21____ face on the screen: Roman, one of his high school math students. His parents were ____22____ looking for a live kidney (肾) donor for him. McCarthy decided he would get a blood test to see if he might be a ____23____ match.
Roman’s kidney s were failing, and he would likely have to wait three to five years for a donor kidney, ___24___more than 92,000 people were on the waiting list.
Roman’s mother said, “Every birthday was bittersweet, knowing that Roman was getting closer to ____25____ a kidney transplant (移植).” His parents began an all-out ____26____ for a living donor two years ago.
Then in February, their ____27____ came after McCarthy saw them on the local news. McCarthy got a blood test at a local clinic and ____28____ that his blood type was O positive like Roman’s. He soon did more tests. At the end of June, he ____29____ news that he would be a great donor match for Roman.
When the hospital ____30____ in June that the operation would be performed, Roman’s parents began to shed tears.
Roman’s transplant went smoothly, and he was pretty much back to being a ____31____ 15-year-old kid. His parents’ friends ____32____ a GoFundMe account for him to help pay the expense.
“Everyone in our family will forever be ____33____ for what the donor did,” Roman’s mother said. “We hope that his ____34____ will give hope to others who are ____35____ what we did, and that they’ll also find donors.”
21. A. familiar B. precious C. common D. different
22. A. comfortably B. happily C. anxiously D. secretly
23. A. strange B. potential C. regular D. original
24. A. if B. until C. because D. although
25. A. admitting B. needing C. improving D. balancing
26. A. search B. responsibility C. suggestion D. excuse
27. A. competition B. challenge C. pride D. luck
28. A. remembered B. commented C. learned D. imagined
29. A. ignored B. spread C. received D. brought
30. A. determined B. blamed C. pretended D. praised
31. A. perfect B. generous C. similar D. normal
32. A. stole B. started C. saved D. sold
33. A. thankful B. patient C. eager D. concerned
34. A. role B. target C. title D. gift
35. A. showing off B. going through C. holding onto D. getting over
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B 24. C 25. B 26. A 27. D 28. C 29. C 30. A 31. D 32. B 33. A 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了艾迪·麦卡锡从新闻上得知自己的学生罗曼正在寻找肾脏捐赠者，经过检测后麦卡锡得知自己是罗曼的最佳匹配者，于是为罗曼移植了自己的肾脏。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：艾迪·麦卡锡正在看当地的电视新闻，突然在屏幕上看到一个熟悉的面孔：罗曼，他的一个高中数学学生。A. familiar熟悉的；B. precious宝贵的；C. common普通的；D. different不同的。根据后文“Roman, one of his high school math students”可知，罗曼是他的学生，所以是熟悉的面孔。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：他的父母焦急地为他寻找活体肾脏捐献者。A. comfortably舒服地；B. happily快乐地；C. anxiously急切地；D. secretly秘密地。根据后文“looking for a live kidney donor for him”以及上文出现在新闻上，说明正在焦急寻找活体肾脏捐献者。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：麦卡锡决定去验血，看看自己是否是潜在的匹配者。A. strange奇怪的；B. potential潜在的；C. regular定期地；D. original最初的。根据上文“McCarthy decided he would get a blood test to see if he might be a”可知，去验血是为了看自己是否是潜在的匹配者。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查连接词词义辨析。句意：罗曼的肾脏正在衰竭，他可能要等上三到五年才能找到一个捐赠的肾脏，因为有超过92000人在等待名单上。A. if如果；B. until直到；C. because因为；D. although虽然。引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”应用because。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：罗曼的母亲说：“每个生日都是苦乐参半，知道罗曼离需要肾脏移植越来越近了。”A. admitting承认；B. needing需要；C. improving改善；D. balancing平衡。根据后文“a kidney transplant.”以及上文寻找活体肾脏捐献者，可知，每过一个生日，罗曼离需要肾脏移植越来越近了。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：两年前，他的父母开始全力寻找活体捐赠者。A. search搜索，寻找；B. responsibility责任；C. suggestion建议；D. excuse借口。根据后文“for a living donor two years ago”指他的父母全力寻找捐献者，search for表示“寻找”。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：今年2月，麦卡锡在当地新闻上看到了他们，他们的运气来了。A. competition比赛；B. challenge挑战；C. pride骄傲；D. luck运气。根据后文麦卡斯做血液检查，发现血型匹配，最终给罗曼移植了肾脏，可知他们的运气来了。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：麦卡锡在当地一家诊所做了血液检查，得知他的血型和罗曼一样是O型阳性。A. remembered记得；B. commented评论；C. learned了解，得知；D. imagined想象。根据后文“his blood type was O positive like Roman’s”指麦卡锡得知他的血型和罗曼一样是O型阳性。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：6月底，他收到消息说他将是罗曼的最佳捐赠者。A. ignored忽视；B. spread传播；C. received收到；D. brought带来。根据后文“news that he would be a great donor match for Roman”指麦卡锡收到是罗曼最佳捐赠者的消息，故选C。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：六月当医院决定进行手术时，罗曼的父母开始流泪。A. determined决定；B. blamed责备；C. pretended假装；D. praised赞美。根据后文“in June that the operation would be performed”指医院决定进行手术，故选A。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：罗曼的移植手术进行得很顺利，他基本上恢复成了一个正常的15岁孩子。A. perfect完美的；B. generous慷慨的；C. similar相似的；D. normal正常的。根据上文“Roman’s transplant went smoothly”可知，罗曼手术顺利，所以恢复成正常15岁孩子了。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他父母的朋友为他开了一个GoFundMe账户来帮助支付费用。A. stole偷窃；B. started开始，创立；C. saved挽救；D. sold出售。根据后文“a GoFundMe account”指开设GoFundMe账户来帮助支付费用。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：罗曼的母亲说：“我们家的每个人都将永远感谢捐赠者所做的一切。”A. thankful感谢的；B. patient耐心的；C. eager渴望的；D. concerned担心的。根据后文“for what the donor did”可知，这家人感谢捐赠者，故选A。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我们希望他的礼物能给那些正在经历我们所做的事情的人带来希望，他们也会找到捐赠者。”A. role角色；B. target目标；C. title标题；D. gift礼物。根据后文“will give hope to others”可知，捐赠者捐赠了肾脏，挽救了罗曼的生命，所以比喻成给予希望的礼物，故选D。
【35题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：“我们希望他的礼物能给那些正在经历我们所做的事情的人带来希望，他们也会找到捐赠者。”A. showing off炫耀；B. going through经历；C. holding onto保持；D. getting over克服。根据后文“what we did, and that they’ll also find donors.”此处指给那些正在经历和他们一样事情的人带去希望，故选B。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Recently, chatbot (聊天机器人) technology has gained ____36____ (popular) in the world of AI (人工智能). One of the most well-known chatbots ____37____ (call) GPT, which was developed by OpenAI. Its birth can date back to 2018, ____38____ the first version of GPT appeared. This version could deal with natural-sounding texts.
Over the past few years, GPT ____39____ (experience) several updates and improvements, making it one of the most ____40____ (advance) chatbots in the world. The most exciting development is its ability ____41____ (learn) new information. This means that as users chat with GPT, it becomes ____42____ (good) at understanding and responding to their needs than ever before.
____43____ (look) to the future, we are confident that chatbots like GPT have the potential to change the way we live with technology. GPT has the potential to create better user experiences from customer service to education.
In all, ____44____ birth and development of GPT has been a milestone (里程碑) in the history of AI. ____45____ the continued progress of this technology, we can expect to see many exciting new developments in the years to come.
【答案】36. popularity
37. is called
38. when 39. has experienced
40. advanced
41. to learn
42. better 43. Looking
44. the 45. With
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。聊天机器人技术在人工智能领域受到欢迎。最知名的聊天机器人之一是由OpenAI 开发的，被称为GPT。文章主要介绍了GPT聊天机器人。
【36题详解】
考查名词。句意：最近，聊天机器人技术在人工智能领域受到欢迎。此处应用名词popularity作宾语，不可数，故填popularity。
【37题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：最知名的聊天机器人之一称为GPT，由OpenAI 开发。此处在句中作谓语，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，且主语One of the most well-known chatbots 和动词call是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是单数，be动词应用is，故填is called。
【38题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：它的诞生可以追溯到2018年，当时GPT的第一个版本出现了。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰2018，且关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导，故填when。
【39题详解】
考查时态。句意：在过去的几年里，GPT经历了多次更新和改进，使其成为世界上最先进的聊天机器人之一。由Over the past few years可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是GPT ，助动词应用has，故填has experienced。
【40题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在过去的几年里，GPT经历了多次更新和改进，使其成为世界上最先进的聊天机器人之一。此处应用形容词advanced作定语，修饰名词chatbots，故填advanced。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：最令人兴奋的发展是它学习新信息的能力。ability to do sth.固定搭配，意为“做某事的能力”，故填to learn。
【42题详解】
考比较级。句意：这意味着当用户与GPT聊天时，它会比以往更好地理解和响应他们的需求。由than可知，此处应用形容词比较级作表语，故填better。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：展望未来，我们相信像GPT这样的聊天机器人有潜力改变我们的技术生活方式。此处是非谓语动词作状语，主语we和动词look是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填Looking。
【44题详解】
考查冠词。句意：总而言之，GPT的诞生和发展是人工智能发展史上的一个里程碑。此处特指GPT的诞生和发展，应用定冠词the，故填the。
【45题详解】
考查介词。句意：随着这项技术的不断进步，我们可以期待在未来几年看到许多令人兴奋的新发展。此处表示“随着”，应用介词with，表示伴随，单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填With。
第三节 单词拼写
根据首字母或中文提示写出句中所缺单词，注意使用正确形式。(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
46. Alipay and WeChat Pay make it ______(方便的) for people to pay for groceries in the supermarket. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】convenient
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：支付宝和微信支付使人们在超市购物变得方便。根据句子结构以及汉语提示可知，空处应用表示“方便的”的形容词convenient，作宾补。故填convenient。
47. The famous director is busy ______(改编) a play from a short story. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】adapting
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：那位著名导演正忙着把一个短篇小说改编成话剧。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要动词adapt“改编”。be busy doing sth.“忙着做某事”为固定搭配，空处应填动名词。故填adapting。
48. He found it hard to ______(呼吸) as he found himself stuck in a lift alone. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】breathe
【解析】
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：当他发现自己一个人被困在电梯里时，他感到呼吸困难。此处考查固定句型“find+it+adj.+to do”，其中it是形式宾语，to do是真正的宾语。表示“呼吸”的动词为breathe，动词不定式符号to后面接动词原形。故填breathe。
49. All eyes were focused on the beautiful bride at the ______(入口) of the hall. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】entrance
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：所有的目光都集中在大厅入口处美丽的新娘身上。表示“入口”应用名词entrance作宾语。故填entrance。
50. The young actor ______ (犹豫) before stepping onto the stage, surprised by the size of the audience. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】hesitated
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：这位年轻演员在走上舞台之前犹豫了一下，对观众人数之多感到惊讶。“犹豫”为动词hesitate，作谓语，句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，故填hesitated。
51. People t ______ to be happier and healthier if they have plenty of positive emotions in their everyday lives. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】tend##end
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：如果人们在日常生活中拥有大量积极的情绪，他们往往会更快乐、更健康。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用动词tend，固定搭配tend to do sth.意为“往往会做某事”，符合句意，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，主语是people，谓语动词应用原形。故填tend。
52. He will not get the job as a salesman, because he l______ communication skills. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】lacks##acks
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：他不会得到推销员的工作，因为他缺乏沟通技巧。根据首字母以及“He will not get the job as a salesman”可知，空处需要动词lack“缺乏”，在原因状语从句中作谓语动词。该从句描述一般事实，所以用一般现在时态。主语为第三人称单数he，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填lacks。
53. He is a good swimmer because in his childhood he p______ swimming to other sports and practised a lot. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】preferred##referred
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他是一名优秀的游泳运动员，因为在他的童年时期，他更喜欢游泳而不是其他运动，并且练习了很多。根据句意以及首字母单词提示可知，空处应用表示“更喜欢”的动词prefer，由时间状语in his childhood 和and practised可知，空处描述过去的事实，应用一般过去时，应用过去式与practised并列，作谓语。故填preferred。
54. D______ our best efforts, we failed to finish the project on time. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】Despite##espite
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：尽管我们尽了最大努力，但我们还是未能按时完成该项目。根据句意和首字母可知，此处表示“尽管”，为介词despite，单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填Despite。
55. Natural resources are things that e______ in nature and can be used by people. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】exist##xist
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和一般现在时。句意：自然资源是自然界中存在的可以被人们利用的东西。根据“in nature and can be used by people”和首字母e可知，此处是指自然界中存在的，所以应用动词exist表示“存在”。此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时。主语是复数，谓语动词用原形，故填exist。
第四节 短语填空
从所给短语中(一个多余)选择并用其正确形式完成句子。(共10小题，每小题0.5分，满分5分)
阅读下面句子，从方框内选择合适的短语，在空白处填入其适当形式。
not to mention do wonders pull up fall on set off in response to pass down stick with in honor of be rooted in over the long term
56. Hearing a strange noise while driving, I ______ and stepped out to figure out what was going on.
57. ______ customers’ growing needs, the company introduced a new line of recyclable goods.
58. Language learning should ______ real and meaningful situations.
59. Many countries in the world enjoy the tradition of ______ fireworks on special times.
60. The project will bring us a great number of benefits ______.
61. The picnic was a pleasant experience, with everyone enjoying the sunny weather and delicious food, ______ the laughter of good friends.
62. ______ Zhang Guimei’s devotion to education, a special ceremony was held to recognize what she had done for countless students.
63. Regular workout ______ for teenagers’ physical and mental health.
64. The Mid-autumn Festival which ______ the 15th day of the 8th lunar month is an occasion for admiring the full moon and enjoying moon cakes.
65. Although they offered more attractive options, I decided to ______ my original plan.
【答案】56. pulled up
57. In response to
58. be rooted in
59. setting off
60. over the long term
61. not to mention
62. In honor of
63 does wonders
64. falls on
65. stick with
【解析】
【56题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：开车时听到一声奇怪的声音，我把车停了下来，下车想弄清楚发生了什么事。根据“and stepped out to figure out what was going on”以及句意“停下”可知应填pull up，根据stepped可知为一般过去时。故填pulled up。
【57题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：为了满足顾客日益增长的需求，公司推出了一系列新的可回收产品。根据“customers’ growing needs, the company introduced a new line of recyclable goods”以及句意“为了应对”可知应填in response to，首字母大写。故填In response to。
【58题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：语言学习应该植根于真实而有意义的情境中。根据“real and meaningful situations”以及句意“植根于”可知应填be rooted in，should后跟动词原形。故填be rooted in。
【59题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：世界上许多国家都有在特殊日子放烟花的传统。根据“fireworks”以及句意“燃放”可知应填set off，作介词的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填setting off。
【60题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：从长远来看，这个项目会给我们带来很多好处。根据“The project will bring us a great number of benefits”以及句意“从长远来看”可知应填over the long term，故填over the long term。
【61题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：野餐是一次愉快经历，每个人都享受着阳光明媚的天气和美味的食物，更不用说好朋友的笑声了。根据“the laughter of good friends”以及句意“更不用”可知应填not to mention，故填not to mention。
【62题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：为了纪念张贵梅对教育的贡献，举办了一个特别的仪式来表彰她为无数学生所做的一切。根据“Zhang Guimei’s devotion to education”以及句意“为了纪念”可知应填in honor of，首字母大写。故填In honor of。
【63题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：经常锻炼对青少年的身心健康大有裨益。根据“for teenagers’ physical and mental health”以及句意“大有裨益”可知应填do wonders，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为Regular workout，谓语用三单形式。故填does wonders。
【64题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：每年农历八月十五日是中秋节，这是一个赏月、吃月饼的节日。根据“”以及句意“降临”可知应填fall on，陈述事实用一般现在时，从句谓语与先行词The Mid-autumn Festival保持一致，用三单形式。故填falls on。
【65题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：尽管他们提供了更有吸引力的选择，我还是决定坚持原来的计划。根据“my original plan”以及句意“坚持”可知应填stick with，此处为不定式作宾语。故填stick with。
第五节 单句语法填空
在下列句子的空白处填入适当的连接词或括号内动词的正确形式。(共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分)
66. The greatest danger ______ sailors have to face is probably fog. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：水手们必须面对的最大危险可能是雾。空处引导限制性定语从句，即________ sailors have to face，修饰先行词danger，指物，且关系词在从句中作宾语，当先行词前有最高级修饰时，只能用that引导定语从句，故填that。
67. Preparations ______ (make) at the moment for the reopening of the City Stadium Center. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】are being made
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：此刻正在为城市体育场中心的重新开放做准备工作。根据时间状语at the moment可知，空处表示正在发生的动作，应用现在进行时，动词make与主语Preparations之间是被动关系，应用现在进行时的被动语态。主语是复数，be动词使用are。故填are being made。
68. With joint efforts, a library with ten reading rooms ______(build) last year. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】was built
【解析】
【详解】考查一般过去时的被动语态和主谓一致。句意：在大家的共同努力下，去年建成了一座有十个阅览室的图书馆。动词build意为“建造”，和主语构成被动关系。根据last year可知，此处应用一般过去时。主语a library为第三人称单数。故填was built。
69. Taking exercise helps me improve immune system, ______(enable) me to strengthen my body. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】enabling
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：锻炼有助于我提高免疫系统，使我能够增强身体。分析句子结构可知，该句的谓语是helps，且无连词，空处应用非谓语动词，动词enable与其逻辑主语Taking exercise之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填enabling。
70. On the old Silk Road, Dunhuang was the gateway to and from ancient China, a place ______ East met West. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】where
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在古丝绸之路上，敦煌是古代中国的门户，是东西方相遇的地方。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限定性定语从句，先行词为a place，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
71. Drinking cola often ______ (make) the cinema experience more enjoyable. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】makes
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：喝可乐通常会让看电影更愉快。根据often可知为一般现在时，主语为动名词短语，谓语用三单形式。故填makes。
72. At the 2023 FIDE World Championship, Ding Liren became the first Chinese male player ______ (win) the world chess championship. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to win
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在2023年国际棋联世界锦标赛上，丁立人成为第一位获得国际象棋世界冠军的中国男选手。名词由序数词修饰，后跟不定式作后置定语。故填to win。
73. We should be positive enough though we don’t know ______life may hold in store for us. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】what
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：虽然我们不知道生活中会发生什么，但我们应该保持积极的态度。在宾语从句中缺少宾语，且是指事物，所以应用连接代词what。故填what。
74. The joy of traveling lies not in arriving at your destination ______in the journey itself. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】but
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：旅行的乐趣不在于到达目的地，而在于旅行本身。not...but...为固定搭配，意为“不是……而是……”。故填but。
75. Known as the “Ice City”, Harbin ______ (draw) more than 3,000,000 tourists from various areas since the beginning of this winter. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】has drawn
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：入冬以来，素有“冰城”之称的哈尔滨吸引了来自各地的游客超过300万人次。空处在句中作谓语，由since the beginning of this winter可知，句子应用现在完成时，表示从过去到现在已经吸引了300多万人，主语是Harbin，助动词应用has，故填has drawn。
第四部分 应用文写作(满分15分)
76. 假定你是某国际学校学生李华，你的留学生朋友Chris听说你校最近设立了太极俱乐部，想了解该俱乐部的情况。请你给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 创办目的；
2. 具体活动；
3. 开放时间和地点。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Chris,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Chris,
Knowing you are interested in Chinese Tai Chi, I am glad to tell you something about our school’s Tai Chi club.
Designed to enhance the physical fitness of students and inherit Chinese culture, our school has recently established a Tai Chi Club. We have invited a Tai Chi teacher to teach us to learn Tai Chi, who gives us two classes every Wednesday and Friday from 3:30 pm to 5:30 pm on the school playground.
Welcome to join our Tai Chi Club!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给留学生朋友Chris写一封电子邮件，介绍学校最近成立的太极俱乐部。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：glad→pleased/happy/delighted
提高：enhance→improve/boost
建立：establish→set up/found
邀请：invite→ask/serve
2.句式拓展
同义句替换
原句：Knowing you are interested in Chinese Tai Chi, I am glad to tell you something about our school’s Tai Chi club.
拓展句：Because I know you are interested in Chinese Tai Chi, I am glad to tell you something about our school’s Tai Chi club.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Knowing you are interested in Chinese Tai Chi, I am glad to tell you something about our school’s Tai Chi club. (运用了现在分词作状语)
【高分句型2】We have invited a Tai Chi teacher to teach us to learn Tai Chi, who gives us two classes every Wednesday and Friday from 3:30 pm to 5:30 pm on the school playground. (运用了who引导的非限制性定语从句)

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