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上海市育才中学2023-2024学年度第一学期
高三英语期末考试卷
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. Go to catch the next train.
B. Listen to the traffic report.
C. Go to the city by other transportation.
D. Check the weekend schedule.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. It doesn’t take a long time to get there.
B. The lectures have been put off.
C. There is no need to hurry.
D. The lectures have already started.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. The woman should have gone to Paris earlier.
B. He studied French in a different way in high school.
C. Life in Paris helped improve the woman’s language skills.
D. The woman must have had a good teacher in Paris.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. She thinks the post office is nearby.
B. She is also looking for the post office.
C. She thinks the man’s guess is right.
D. She doesn’t know where the post office is.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. Her coat is similar to the man’s.
B. The man needn’t have brought the coat.
C. Her sweater is not warm enough.
D. The man shouldn’t have worn a sweater.
6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. Make sure the registration office didn’t make a mistake.
B. Decide whether to drop the course in the first week.
C. Find out if a place opens up in the course later.
D Take the course of the creative writing next year.
7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. He recently spent a month in New York.
B. He can recommend many things to do.
C. He suggests the woman extend her trip.
D. He bets the woman will have fun there.
8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. Disappointed. B. Excited. C. Proud. D. Embarrassed.
9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. He talks less than he used to.
B He hasn’t had time to play tennis recently.
C. He shouldn’t have behaved so proudly.
D. He has never talked to her after the game.
10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. The man should have had his car inspected earlier.
B. There are always a lot of people at the auto inspection center.
C. She waited longer than the man did to have her car inspected.
D. The auto inspection center will close at the end of the month.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages and the conversations. The passages and the conversations will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
11.
A. The truck’s over speeding.
B. The truck’s heavy load.
C. The terrible weather.
D. The pedestrians’ carelessness.
12.
A. The relocation of several factories.
B. The company’s pay offer.
C. The high rate of unemployment.
D. The union’s demand.
13.
A. They will increase by a third this year.
B. They have been rising in the last five years.
C. The average price of a house in the UK is 255,900
D. They make it extremely difficult for those on the property ladder to buy a house.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
14.
A. What causes fearfulness externally.
B. Why mice are particularly fearful animals.
C. Whether fearfulness is inherited or not.
D. How animals react to frightening situations.
15.
A. They wandered around the box.
B. They bred again and again.
C. They couldn’t find a hiding place.
D. They remained close to one wall.
16.
A. Some changes in the nervous system.
B. The interference from human beings.
C. The size of nerve cells in the brain.
D. The existence of certain nerve cells.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17.
A. In the woman’s hometown.
B. In the man’s hometown.
C. Outside their hometown.
D. In a small town.
18.
A. Choose whichever friend can give the best toast.
B. Choose whichever friend can plan the reception.
C. Choose whichever friend knows all their in-laws.
D Choose whichever friend knows a lot about weddings.
19.
A. The bride’s family.
B. A wedding planner.
C. The groom’s family.
D. The new couple.
20
A. She doesn’t think it is a tradition.
B. She thinks her mother-in-law can plan the wedding well.
C. She thinks it will cost too much to have a wedding planner.
D. She doesn’t want her wedding to be in the charge of someone unknown to her.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Are you afraid of getting old ___21___ we get past the age of 25, many of us immediately feel the urge to stop the signs of ageing — especially the visible ones. Men and women are now using topical “anti-ageing” creams, spa treatments and medical procedures ___22___(oppose) many of them.
___23___ these methods can somewhat affect the way you look, ageing is an internal process. A new study has found exactly when during your lifetime this process peaks.
A group scientists based out of the Stanford University School of Medicine have discovered that ___24___ being a smooth, continuous process, ageing surges forward at three distinct stages of life: first, at the age of 34, then at age 60, and finally at 78.
The study, published in Nature Medicine, ___25___(reveal) that scientists can not only predict your age by studying the proteome (protein levels in the blood) but also determine which organs are ageing faster than the others, and which age-related diseases your body is ___26___ (likely) to develop. The study measured plasma proteins (血浆蛋白) collected from 4,263 adults between the ages of 18-95 years and studied the changes in the proteome that occurred with age.
Their ultimate goal was to understand how to identify the changes associated with cardiovascular issues and age-related discases like Alzheimer’s ___27___ therapeutic treatments can be devised to oppose their attack while there’s still time.
Dr Tony Wyss-Coray, one of the leading members of the study, told Stanford Medicine News Center, “We’ve known for a long time that ___28___ (measure) certain proteins can give you information about a person’s health status — lipoproteins (脂蛋白) for cardiovascular (心血管的) health, for example. But it hasn’t been appreciated that so many different proteins’ levels — roughly a third of all the ones we looked at — change markedly with advancing age.”
This difference between the chronological (按时间计算的) and physiological (生理的) age, according to the scientists’ “plasma-protein clock”, showed that a lot of people in the study seemed younger than they actually are. What’s more, the study also confirmed that men and women, though equally ___29___ (represent) in the study, age differently.
Does this mean medicafions and lifestyle methods, with further research, can also be devised to help ___30___ ages too rapidly and is at risk of contracting age-related diseases like hypertension and Alzheimer’s You never know.
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. approach B. beneficiaries C. recently D. eliminates E. nutrients F. practices G. irreparable H. threat I. undesirable J. panic K. naturally
The Beneficial Effects of Forest Fires
Forest fires are undoubtedly a threat. In the mid-1900s, all forest burns were considered ___31___, and firefighters responded to all of these fires whether or not they were burning close to where humans lived. This ___32___ to forest fires was both expensive and risky. However, more ___33___ forest managers began to see that forest fires did have benefits. Foresters saw that forest fires were beneficial for trees and soil.
Previously, people believed that forest fires caused ___34___ damage to trees, however, now forest managers know that trees are the major ___35___ of fires. Many ___36___ occurring forest fires, often caused by lightning strikes, are surface fires that burn the understory — the shrubs and herbs from the forest — without damaging the trees in the overstory. In this way, the fire ___37___ competition from the smaller trees, allowing the larger trees to flourish. Once the understory has been burned away, the forest is less likely to burn from high-temperature fires that can do real damage to the tall trees.
In the past, it was not obvious how forest fires enriched the soil. Today, foresters understand that forest fires improve soil quality by changing the ‘litter’ — dead leaves and branches on the forest floor — to nutrient-rich soil. Normally, litter decomposes very slowly. However, fire releases the ___38___ in the litter immediately. This creates an increase in the amount of phosphorus and potassium which are key elements that promote tree growth.
As forest managers have leared more about the long-term effects of forest fires, they have realized that forest fires can have beneficial effects and have changed their forest management ___39___ to reflect this new opinion. It is now recognized that forest fires, are a natural part of forest ecosystems and are beneficial to the trees and soil. As long as fires are no ___40___ to homes and communities, foresters now often choose to do nothing to stop the fires.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
History has not yet ___41___ what we will definitively call the postmillennial cohort (2000年后出生的人) that now ___42___ more than 60 million people in the U.S. These kids and ___43___ with no concept of life ___44___ the Internet have so far been called the App Generation and Generation Z. They’ve been referred to as Homelanders, having grown up under the ghost of terorism. They’ve also been ___45___ the Plurals, for their historic diversity, as well as the Founders, at least by MTV.
Whatever we ___46___ naming them, marketers and academies are turning their attention to this group, which has billions in ___47___ and is already shaping the culture. This generation is growing up “totally and utterly connected,” says California State University psychologist Larry Rosen. Experts like Rosen have concerns about these kids’ Google-inspired expectations that everything be ___48___. They worry about their inability to ___49___ even five seconds of boredom. And they worry about the demands that come with ____50____ several identities online, from Facebook to Twitter to Snapchat. “There’s so much pressure on young people, who are still ____51____ their identities, to present this crystallized, idealized identity online,” says the University of Washington’s Katie Davis.
Historian Neil Howe sees ____52____ with the Silent Generation, the spoilt, risk-avoiding, “nice” generation of kids who grew up during the Great Depression and World War ll, although some marked differences are found. Today’s youths are also coming of age among geopolitical trouble and fears about the economy, he says, ____53____ schools emphasize an intense far-reaching sensitivity to other kids. He suspects this ____54____ will be known for being well behaved and perhaps boring the culture by playing it safe. “There are typical examples that occur repeatedly,” Howe says, “even if they go by different ____55____.”
41. A. remarked B. convinced C. guaranteed D. revealed
42. A. numbers B. houses C. accommodates D. contains
43. A. peers B. adolescents C. folks D. guys
44. A. over B. without C. besides D. beyond
45. A. diagnosed B. dismissed C. labeled D. coined
46. A. end up B. consider about C. appeal for D. approve of
47. A. distribution force B. purchasing power C. global view D. unique outlooks
48. A. vivid B. instructive C. instant D. profitable
49. A. feed up with B. put up with C. make up for D. identify with
50. A. faking B. revising C. illustrating D. maintaining
51. A. supervising B. forming C. representing D. promoting
52. A. parallels B. contrasts C. comparisons D. reservations
53. A. because B. although C. while D. when
54. A. emphasis B. generation C. intensity D. cultivation
55. A. routes B. schemes C. names D. definitions
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B,C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
Earlier this year I took a trip to England and France to go see some friends. It was a wonderful trip; I really loved it. But one thing that struck me was how different these cultures are from our own. I guess this would strike any traveler because that is the first thing you notice and it is what makes travel so exciting. Of course, these cultures are also similar to ours in many respects, but it’s the differences that really stand out.
One of the things that struck me in particular was the different attitudes towards smoking. As you know, there’s a growing anti-smoking sentiment in Europe. However, when I went to England and France, I got a new perspective on this issue. People seem to smoke anywhere and everywhere, even though anti-smoking signs are all over public places. On the radio, I heard about a member of the World Cup soccer team who smoked. And people were actually saying, “Well, he should not be on the team because he’s a bad example for our children.” I think, if they want to look at bad examples for their children, they should just go out on the street, or go into the subways, or look in the mirror, even, because so many of them are smoking in very inappropriate places. I visited a restaurant buffet in London and saw an English woman scooping up the food with a lit cigarette in her hand. Smoke rising into the air. Actually, when I talked to English people later, they were pretty shocked too, and they said that smoking in a restaurant is rude even by British standards.
This did not give me a bad impression of English people. It gave me, on the contrary, a positive feeling toward American smokers. There are a lot of American smokers who will proclaim their right to smoke whenever they want, but they will follow the rules, generally, because they have consideration for nonsmokers. So this experience in Europe gave me more of a respect for this kind of smoker.
56. What surprised the writer during his trip to England and France
A. The wonderful trip to England and France.
B. Cultural differences that he noticed during his trip.
C. Similarity between cultures stands out more than differences.
D. Growing anti-smoking views in Europe.
57. What did the speaker find in England and France about the smoking issue
A. People discuss the smoking issue on the radio.
B. Smokers are allowed to smoke anywhere and anytime.
C. People are encouraged to smoke in inappropriate places.
D. Many smokers pay no attention to the “No Smoking” signs.
58. The word “sentiment” in the second paragraph means ______.
A. feeling B. movement C. offense D. regulation
59. What kind of smokers does the speaker respect
A. Those who are from America and Europe. B. Those who respect others’ feelings.
C. Those who defend the right to smoke. D. Those who set rules of smoking in public places.
B
One of the most well-known figures of American history, Thomas Jefferson was the third President of the United States and the author of the Declaration of Independence. His life was an inspiring one and at the same time a little bit contradictory to his statements and way of living life, and thus he has formed the subject of a lot of authors’ books.
Jefferson and his time This is a Biography of the life of Jefferson published in 6 volumes over a very long period of 34 years staring from 1948 till 1982. Read it For: It is an entire collection introducing all aspects of Jefferson’s life in great details from his childhood till his last days. For history enthusiasts, this is a wonderful book that will give you insight into the life of one of the most memorable American leaders. Don’t Read it For: This series is a biography and strictly a work of non-fiction. It is reading about the life of a person and might get boring for some.
American Sphinx An interesting yet strange book, this piece of writing is not an attempt to shed light on the life of Jefferson but rather an attempt to understand his mind. Jefferson was one who spoke something but did the complete opposite of it. Read it For: This book tries to analyze Jefferson’s life but does not do it in a way that criticizes him or idolizes him. This National Award winning book perfectly balances the act of examining someone’s acts and general behavior and trying to figure out the reason behind his contradictory statements and acts. Don’t Read it For: If you are searching for a book about Jefferson’s life, this is not for you. It covers a few events of his life, not his entire life. This Political Biography by Meacham takes you on a journey into the world that Jefferson lived in and saw it through his eyes. It shows how Jefferson formed the world around him and handled situations and people to shape the American political system as it is today.
The Art of Power Read it For: The depth with which this book is written is commendable. It is noted that the work done by Meacham in this book puts you inside Jefferson’s head and makes you understand what it would be like to be Jefferson. Don’t Read it For: While this book shows the genius of Jefferson, it can come off as bias, showing Jefferson in a very positive light and his opponents in a very negative light.
60. If one wants to know Thomas Jefferson’s experience in his whole life, ______ is most highly recommended.
A. “Jefferson and His Time” B. “American Sphinx” C. “The Art of Power” D. none of the above
61. Having read “American Sphinx”, you may ______.
A. learn how Thomas got through his childhood in details
B. understand why Thomas’ words and deeds were not always matched
C. know how ordinary people criticize or idolize him
D. learn how Jefferson formed the world around him and addressed situations
62. One problem about “The Art of Power” is that readers ______.
A. may feel bored while they are reading it
B. cannot get a complete description of Thomas’ life
C. learn Thomas’ political life mainly from historians’ perspective
D. cannot get an objective point of view about Thomas’ gift
C
The United Nations Food Systems Summit(峰会)held last September was overshadowed by a powerful counter-moblilization effort led by farmers and scientists and small-scale food producers across the world.
Opposition to the summit had been mounting since July, when hundreds of grassroots organizations challenged the organizers for framing the problem of food systems in narrow, technocratic ways and offering “false solutions” such as biotechnological interventions(干预)instead of promoting more sustainable, just and people-first ways of farming. Also in July the Philippines approved commercial cultivation of Bt eggplant, a genetically modified (GM) food that produces a protein that kills eggplant fruit and “Golden Rice” changed to produce beta-carotene, the forerunner of vitamin A. The Philippines thus became the first country in South and Southeast Asia of approve GM rice.
Advocates of GM crops praised the Philippines’ move as a victory of science. Since the U. N.’s food summit was announced two years ago, different groups have steadily reduced applications of science to global problems to a limited set of investor-oriented innovations. Within this orbit, agricultural biotechnology and digitalization are boasted as vital to achieving the U. N.’s sustainable development goals. As governments now debate the way forward from the summit, it is critical to recognize that a narrow focus on technology to address the complex structural problems of farming and food has an astonishingly poor track record.
At its base, GM crops are rooted in a colonial-capitalist model of agriculture based on theft of local land and on exploiting farmers’ and food workers’ labor, native knowledge and the web of lift itself. Today this agricultural model is responsible not only for increasing farm debt, depleted soils, and threats to native seeds and biodiversity but also the destruction of farmers’ knowledge and skills. For the world to achieve sustainability, this colonial model of agriculture must be dismissed, and promising agroecological approaches based on working with biodiversity and farmers’ knowledge and skills should be brought to center stage.
Most GM crops are engineered with resistance to herbicides(除草剂)and insects, which has not only contributed to the emergence of “super-weeds” and increasing pesticide use but has driven the global growth of seed and chemical industries. These kinds of crops have principally benefited large-scale farmers, grain traders and multinational corporations involved in selling seeds and pesticides.
Multinational agribusinesses have understood Golden Rice and Bt eggplant as pro-poor technologies to win over smallholder farmers and consumers in the Global South. The International Rice Research Institute has led Golden Rice’s development with support from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and in partnership with Syngenta (which owns rights to the rice) to address vitamin A deficiency (VAD) among the poor, especially children and pregnant women.
63. The recent Food Systems Summit was greeted with distrust because the organizers ________.
A. didn’t take the interests of people concerned into account
B. didn’t attach importance to the blossoming of agriculture
C. failed to come up with the effective initiatives with joint efforts
D. employed the inappropriate approaches to farming
64. What is the purpose of mentioning the Philippines’ case
A. To prove the victory for the supporters of GM food.
B. To illustrate the Philippines’ opposition to the summit.
C. To argue it is a waste of money in the GM food.
D. To introduce how many nutrients GM food may contain.
65. ________ is advocated for the development of agriculture in the long run.
A. Exploiting farmers’ and food workers’ labor
B. Developing crops resistant to insects
C. Removing the colonial-capitalist model
D. Establishing partnership to address VAD
66. What can be inferred from the passage
A. The Philippines is a country with cutting-edge technologies.
B The application of GM food will solve the problem of environment.
C. Governments have initiated into the complex structural farming problems.
D. The booming pesticide industry is credited to the cultivation of GM food.
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Modern computer technology has made a new kind of human relationship possible: online friendship. ___67___ Are online friendships as beneficial as face-to-face friendships What are the advantages and disadvantages of having virtual friends Can people form strong bonds online Today these questions are the subject of lively debate.
Some people believe that the Internet is the best way to make new friends. It’s convenient, it’s fast, and it allows making contact with different kinds of people from all over the world. When you use social networking, websites and chat rooms, you can easily find people with interests and hobbies similar to yours. Information updates and photos add to the experience. Making friends on the Internet is especially good for shy people who feel uncomfortable in social situations. It’s often easier to share thoughts and feelings online. ___68___ They can make people feel less lonely and help them solve problems.
Although the Internet can encourage friendship, it has a major disadvantage. ___69___ Online friends only tell you what they want you to know. They sometimes exaggerate their good qualities and hide the less positive ones, so you can’t be sure of what they really like. That is why you should not give personal information to anyone online unless you’re totally sure of who that person is.
Can online friendship be as meaningful as face-to-face ones There are different points of view. Researchers at the University of Southern California surveyed 2,000 households in the United States. The results showed that more than 40 percent of participants feel “as strongly about their online buddies” as they do about their “offline” friends. ___70___ In contrast, there are many people who believe that it’s not possible to have deep relationships with online friends, A young Indian software engineer, Lalitha Lakshmipathy, says, “it’s good to feel connected with many people, but all my e-buddies are not necessarily my close friends.” They say that it’s hard to develop feelings of trust and connection when you don’t share experiences in person.
People continue to express different opinions about online friendship. However, most of them would agree that virtual friendships must not replace face-to-face friendships. As one life coach says, “a social networking site should only be the ‘add on’ in any relationship.”
A. In addition, virtual friends can offer emotional support.
B. When you’re not face to face, it’s much easier to deceive people.
C. Many people would agree.
D. Researchers also found that it’s not unusual for online friends to become face-to-face friend.
E. Online friends may be of help in many ways.
F. Online friends, or virtual friends, are people who have become acquainted with each other through the Internet.
IV. Summary Writing
71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Global Cooperation
In the 21st century, we’ve seen a new trend that is pushing the boundaries of human invention and innovation—global cooperation. Scientific and technical research and development is now so complicated that no one scientist can know it all. So, increasingly, innovation is coming from the combining of cutting-edge expertise (专业知识) from different scientific fields.
There are now over 8, 000 scientific journals worldwide and it is impossible to be an expert in all areas. Therefore, in this highly specialized world, scientists, medics and engineers have to cooperate in order to innovate. Professor Bob Langer at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has made significant breakthroughs in the field of biomedical engineering. But he hasn’t done it on his own. He has invited experts from around the world in different fields to form a global team to design new substances which can go inside the body, deliver medicines and then dissolve. Also at MIT, when Cesar Harada heard about the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010, he quit his dream job there and tried to develop a more efficient way to remove the oil. But rather than focusing on profit, he decided to ‘open-source’ the design. He shared his own ideas on the web for free and then got experts from all around the world to contribute ideas and even donations. Thanks to this free, not-for-profit way of sharing ideas and intellectual property on the internet, a boat capable of cleaning oil quickly came into being. Obviously, international cooperation based on sharing information freely has produced innovative approaches to solving problems.
It appears that the days of brilliant individuals working in their garages on their own are over. Global teams with a united purpose building on everyone’s expertise can collectively do far more than one brilliant individual. Today’s world calls for global cooperators, sharers, and not protectors of ideas.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentence into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 人们通过在微信上分享照片让亲朋好友了解他们的近况。(keep) (汉译英)
73. 一般说来，交通繁忙的十字路口可能会发生交通事故。(happen) (汉译英)
74. 莫言曾在一次演讲中说到：许多发生在他身上的事情都让他相信真理和正义就在我们身边。(convince) (汉译英)
75. 毫无疑问，不管人类文明有多么发达，如果生态平衡被打破，过不了多久我们就会自食其果。(it)(汉译英)
VI. Guided Writing
76. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学的高三学生李明，你校学生会就成人仪式(Coming-of-age Ceremony)的活动内容向全校学生征求意见。你决定写一封邮件给学生会，表达你的意见，内容包括：
1.你建议成人仪式包含哪些活动；
2.你提出这些建议的理由。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________上海市育才中学2023-2024学年度第一学期
高三英语期末考试卷
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. Go to catch the next train.
B. Listen to the traffic report.
C. Go to the city by other transportation.
D. Check the weekend schedule.
【答案】D
【解析】
【原文】M: Do you know what time the train goes into the city
W: Normally it’s every 20 minutes. But, this’s weekend, so I’m not sure.
Q: What does the woman imply the man should do
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. It doesn’t take a long time to get there.
B. The lectures have been put off.
C. There is no need to hurry.
D. The lectures have already started.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: There you are, finally. We’d better hurry up if we expected to get a seat. The lectures start in fifteen minutes.
M: These things never start on time. And anyway, I don’t think it would be crowded.
Q: What does the man imply
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. The woman should have gone to Paris earlier.
B. He studied French in a different way in high school.
C. Life in Paris helped improve the woman’s language skills.
D. The woman must have had a good teacher in Paris.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: I studied French in high school, but I never really learned it until I spent the summer in Paris.
M: Really using the language makes all the difference, doesn’t it
Q: Where does the man mean
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. She thinks the post office is nearby.
B. She is also looking for the post office.
C. She thinks the man’s guess is right.
D. She doesn’t know where the post office is.
【答案】D
【解析】
【原文】M: Excuse me, could you tell me how to get to the post office
W: Your guess is as good as mine. I’m new around here.
Q: What does the woman mean
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. Her coat is similar to the man’s.
B. The man needn’t have brought the coat.
C. Her sweater is not warm enough.
D. The man shouldn’t have worn a sweater.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: Hey, that’s a great sweater you’re wearing. It looks really warm.
W: Yeah, but I wish I brought a coat like you did. It’s really freezing today.
Q: What does the woman imply
6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. Make sure the registration office didn’t make a mistake.
B. Decide whether to drop the course in the first week.
C. Find out if a place opens up in the course later.
D. Take the course of the creative writing next year.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: I just found out the registration of the creative writing class is full. Now I have to wait another whole year to get in.
M: Why don’t you check again after the first week Somebody might drop it.
Q: What does the man suggest the woman do
7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. He recently spent a month in New York.
B. He can recommend many things to do.
C. He suggests the woman extend her trip.
D. He bets the woman will have fun there.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: I’m going to New York on business and somebody said you were the right person to talk to about what I can do there for fun.
M: You bet I am. But I hope you’ve got at least a month.
Q: What does the man imply
8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. Disappointed. B. Excited. C. Proud. D. Embarrassed.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: Would you like to go to a lecture tonight in the meeting hall It’s some guy who spent a year living in Antarctica.
W: No kidding! I’m doing a report on Antarctica for my geography class.
Q: How does the woman feel
9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. He talks less than he used to.
B. He hasn’t had time to play tennis recently.
C. He shouldn’t have behaved so proudly.
D. He has never talked to her after the game.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: You know, Tim is hard to talk to now, ever since he won that tennis game last week and got the photograph in the local paper.
W: Yeah, I know what you mean. I guess it’s all going to his head.
Q: What does the woman mean about Tim
10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. The man should have had his car inspected earlier.
B. There are always a lot of people at the auto inspection center.
C. She waited longer than the man did to have her car inspected.
D. The auto inspection center will close at the end of the month.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: You wouldn’t believe the line at the auto inspection center. I waited more than two hours to get through it.
W: That’s what you should get for waiting until the last day of the month.
Q: What does the woman imply
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages and the conversations. The passages and the conversations will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
11.
A. The truck’s over speeding.
B. The truck’s heavy load.
C. The terrible weather.
D. The pedestrians’ carelessness.
12.
A. The relocation of several factories.
B. The company’s pay offer.
C. The high rate of unemployment.
D. The union’s demand.
13.
A. They will increase by a third this year.
B. They have been rising in the last five years.
C. The average price of a house in the UK is 255,900
D. They make it extremely difficult for those on the property ladder to buy a house.
【答案】11. A 12. B 13. B
【解析】
【原文】Good evening. I’m Peter Crane with the six o’clock news.
At least 17 people have been injured in the road accident that took place on the M1 near Leeds last night. The police said that the truck which caused the accident was travelling about 85 miles an hour, well over the 60-mile-an-hour speed limit for heavy goods vehicles.
2,600 workers have walked out of the Peugeot car factory in Conventry in protest against the company’s pay offer. The unions have asked for a rise of 8.5%. There’ll be a meeting between their leaders and management later today.
The latest unemployment figures have been released for this year. They show an increase of 150,263 on last year’s figures. This brings the total number of the unemployed to approximately 1,490,000. The Employment Minister says this increase has been caused by the relocation of several factories from Britain to the Far East.
Estate agents are predicting that house prices will continue to rise this year, making it extremely difficult for first-time buyers to get onto the property ladder. It’s estimated that house prices have increased by a third in the last five years. The average price of a three-bedroom house in southeast England is now 255,900.
And, the weather for the weekend…
Questions:
11. Which of the following is a reason for the car accident on the M1
12. What have workers in Coventry protested against
13. What do estate agents say about house prices
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
14.
A. What causes fearfulness externally.
B. Why mice are particularly fearful animals.
C. Whether fearfulness is inherited or not.
D. How animals react to frightening situations.
15.
A. They wandered around the box.
B. They bred again and again.
C. They couldn’t find a hiding place.
D. They remained close to one wall.
16.
A. Some changes in the nervous system.
B. The interference from human beings.
C. The size of nerve cells in the brain.
D. The existence of certain nerve cells.
【答案】14. C 15. D 16. D
【解析】
【原文】This semester we’ve been looking at fear from biological perspective. While someone asked whether the tendency to be fearful is genetic, some studies done with mice indicated that mammals do inherit fearfulness to some degree. In one study for instance, a group of mice were place in the brightly lit open boxes with no hiding places. Some of the mice wandered around the box and didn’t appear to be bothered about being so exposed. But other mice didn’t move. They stayed up against one wall, which indicates that they were afraid. When mice like this were bred with one another repeatedly, after about 12 or so generations, then all of the mice show similar signs of fearfulness. And even when the new born mice from this generation were raised by a mother and with other mice who were not fearful, those mice still tend to be fearful. Now, why is this Well, it’s thought that the specific gene in animal bodies have influenced the anxious behavior. These genes are associated with particular nerve cells in the brain. And the degree of overall fearfulness in the mammal seems to depend in the large part on the presence or absence of these nerve cells. And this appears to apply to humans as well by the way.
Questions:
14. What is the talk mainly about
15. How did some of the mice in the study show that they were afraid
16. According to the speaker, what leads to a mammal’s tendency to be fearful
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17.
A. In the woman’s hometown.
B. In the man’s hometown.
C. Outside their hometown.
D. In a small town.
18.
A. Choose whichever friend can give the best toast.
B. Choose whichever friend can plan the reception.
C. Choose whichever friend knows all their in-laws.
D. Choose whichever friend knows a lot about weddings.
19.
A. The bride’s family.
B. A wedding planner.
C. The groom’s family.
D. The new couple.
20
A. She doesn’t think it is a tradition.
B. She thinks her mother-in-law can plan the wedding well.
C. She thinks it will cost too much to have a wedding planner.
D. She doesn’t want her wedding to be in the charge of someone unknown to her.
【答案】17. A 18. A 19. C 20. D
【解析】
【原文】W: Gosh, John, I just love being back in my hometown. It’s the perfect place to get married.
M: Yeah, I guess it’s pretty good. I can’t wait for the wedding. It’s going to be a great party!
W: A party John, this wedding is supposed to be a romantic event for you and me.
M: Yeah, that’s fine. But I’m also definitely going to party with the groomsmen at the wedding reception!
W: That’s right. We have to plan the reception too. How many people do you think will come
M: I don’t know…but we have a pretty big wedding party, and I have a really big family.
W: That’s true! I don’t think I will be able to remember the names of all my in-laws.
M: Don’t worry. I often forget some of their names too!
W: Say, John, do you know who your best man is going to be
M: No, I haven’t decided yet. I’ll probably choose whichever friend can give the best toast. What about your maid of honor
W: I haven’t had time to decide because I’ve been so busy thinking about all the other planning. We haven’t even talked about the rehearsal dinner yet!
M: Don’t worry. The groom’s family is supposed to plan the rehearsal dinner. It’s the tradition. Let’s just get a wedding planner to do all the work for us.
W: A wedding planner No way! I don’t want a stranger to plan our wedding.
M: Well, if you don’t want to get a wedding planner, my mother said she would be happy to help you plan the wedding.
Questions:
17. Where will the couple get married
18. How will the man probably choose his best man
19. Who is supposed to plan the rehearsal dinner
20. Why doesn’t the woman want to get a wedding planner
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Are you afraid of getting old ___21___ we get past the age of 25, many of us immediately feel the urge to stop the signs of ageing — especially the visible ones. Men and women are now using topical “anti-ageing” creams, spa treatments and medical procedures ___22___(oppose) many of them.
___23___ these methods can somewhat affect the way you look, ageing is an internal process. A new study has found exactly when during your lifetime this process peaks.
A group scientists based out of the Stanford University School of Medicine have discovered that ___24___ being a smooth, continuous process, ageing surges forward at three distinct stages of life: first, at the age of 34, then at age 60, and finally at 78.
The study, published in Nature Medicine, ___25___(reveal) that scientists can not only predict your age by studying the proteome (protein levels in the blood) but also determine which organs are ageing faster than the others, and which age-related diseases your body is ___26___ (likely) to develop. The study measured plasma proteins (血浆蛋白) collected from 4,263 adults between the ages of 18-95 years and studied the changes in the proteome that occurred with age.
Their ultimate goal was to understand how to identify the changes associated with cardiovascular issues and age-related discases like Alzheimer’s ___27___ therapeutic treatments can be devised to oppose their attack while there’s still time.
Dr Tony Wyss-Coray, one of the leading members of the study, told Stanford Medicine News Center, “We’ve known for a long time that ___28___ (measure) certain proteins can give you information about a person’s health status — lipoproteins (脂蛋白) for cardiovascular (心血管的) health, for example. But it hasn’t been appreciated that so many different proteins’ levels — roughly a third of all the ones we looked at — change markedly with advancing age.”
This difference between the chronological (按时间计算的) and physiological (生理的) age, according to the scientists’ “plasma-protein clock”, showed that a lot of people in the study seemed younger than they actually are. What’s more, the study also confirmed that men and women, though equally ___29___ (represent) in the study, age differently.
Does this mean medicafions and lifestyle methods, with further research, can also be devised to help ___30___ ages too rapidly and is at risk of contracting age-related diseases like hypertension and Alzheimer’s You never know.
【答案】21. As soon as
22. to oppose
23. Though##Although
24. instead of
25. has revealed
26. more likely
27. so that
28. measuring
29. represented
30. whoever
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。斯坦福大学医学院的一组科学家发现，衰老不是一个平稳的、持续的过程，而是在人生的三个不同阶段迅速发展：首先是34岁，然后是60岁，最后是78岁。文章主要介绍了该研究。
【21题详解】
考查连词。句意：一旦过了 25 岁，我们中的许多人就会立即感到想要阻止衰老迹象的冲动，尤其是那些明显的衰老迹象。由下文“we get past the age of 25, many of us immediately feel the urge to stop the signs of ageing — especially the visible ones.”可知，此处表示“一……就”，应用as soon as引导状语从句，句首单词首字母大写，故填As soon as。
【22题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：现在，男性和女性都在使用外用“抗衰老”霜、水疗和医疗程序来对抗其中的许多情况。此处表示目的，应用不定式作目的状语，故填to oppose。
【23题详解】
考查连词。句意：尽管这些方法可能会在一定程度上影响您的外观，但衰老是一个内部过程。空处表示“尽管”，应用though/although引导让步状语从句，单词位于句首首字母大写，故填Though/Although。
【24题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：斯坦福大学医学院的一组科学家发现，衰老不是一个平稳的、持续的过程，而是在人生的三个不同阶段迅速发展：首先是34岁，然后是60岁，最后是78岁。“being a smooth, continuous process”和“ageing surges forward at three distinct stages of life”是相反的内容，此处表示“而不是”，应用固定搭配instead of，后面跟的是动名词短语作宾语，故填instead of。
【25题详解】
考查时态。句意：这项发表在《自然医学》杂志上的研究表明，科学家不仅可以通过研究蛋白质组（血液中的蛋白质水平）来预测您的年龄，还可以确定哪些器官比其他器官衰老得更快，以及您的身体患有哪些与年龄相关的疾病更有可能发展。此处在主句中作谓语，表示对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时，主语是单数，助动词应用has。故填has revealed。
【26题详解】
考查比较级。句意：这项发表在《自然医学》杂志上的研究表明，科学家不仅可以通过研究蛋白质组（血液中的蛋白质水平）来预测您的年龄，还可以确定哪些器官比其他器官衰老得更快，以及您的身体患有哪些与年龄相关的疾病更有可能发展。由faster和句意可知，此处表示“更可能”，应用比较级more likely作表语。故填more likely。
【27题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：他们的最终目标是了解如何识别与心血管问题和阿尔茨海默氏症等与年龄相关的疾病相关的变化，以便在还有时间的情况下设计出治疗方法来对抗这些疾病的发作。空处引导状语从句，表示“为了，以便”，应用so that引导目的状语从句，故填so that。
【28题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：该研究的主要成员之一Tony Wyss-Coray博士告诉斯坦福医学新闻中心，“我们很早就知道，测量某些蛋白质可以为您提供有关一个人健康状况的信息——例如，脂蛋白有助于心血管健康。此处在that引导的宾语从句中作主语，应用动名词形式，故填measuring。
【29题详解】
考查状语从句的省略。句意：更重要的是，该研究还证实，尽管男性和女性在研究中的比例相同，但变老的程度却不同。此处是though引导的状语从句的省略，当状语从句和主句主语是同一主语时，且从句含有be动词，从句可以省略主语和be动词，此处主语men and women和动词represent是被动关系，完整从句为though they are represented in the study，省略主语和be动词，故填represented。
【30题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：这是否意味着通过进一步的研究，也可以设计出药物和生活方式来帮助那些衰老过快并且有患高血压和阿尔茨海默病等与年龄相关的疾病风险的人吗？________ages too rapidly and is at risk of contracting age-related diseases like hypertension and Alzheimer’s是宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指人，表示“无论谁”，应用whoever引导宾语从句。故填whoever。
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. approach B. beneficiaries C. recently D. eliminates E. nutrients F. practices G. irreparable H. threat I. undesirable J. panic K. naturally
The Beneficial Effects of Forest Fires
Forest fires are undoubtedly a threat. In the mid-1900s, all forest burns were considered ___31___, and firefighters responded to all of these fires whether or not they were burning close to where humans lived. This ___32___ to forest fires was both expensive and risky. However, more ___33___ forest managers began to see that forest fires did have benefits. Foresters saw that forest fires were beneficial for trees and soil.
Previously, people believed that forest fires caused ___34___ damage to trees, however, now forest managers know that trees are the major ___35___ of fires. Many ___36___ occurring forest fires, often caused by lightning strikes, are surface fires that burn the understory — the shrubs and herbs from the forest — without damaging the trees in the overstory. In this way, the fire ___37___ competition from the smaller trees, allowing the larger trees to flourish. Once the understory has been burned away, the forest is less likely to burn from high-temperature fires that can do real damage to the tall trees.
In the past, it was not obvious how forest fires enriched the soil. Today, foresters understand that forest fires improve soil quality by changing the ‘litter’ — dead leaves and branches on the forest floor — to nutrient-rich soil. Normally, litter decomposes very slowly. However, fire releases the ___38___ in the litter immediately. This creates an increase in the amount of phosphorus and potassium which are key elements that promote tree growth.
As forest managers have leared more about the long-term effects of forest fires, they have realized that forest fires can have beneficial effects and have changed their forest management ___39___ to reflect this new opinion. It is now recognized that forest fires, are a natural part of forest ecosystems and are beneficial to the trees and soil. As long as fires are no ___40___ to homes and communities, foresters now often choose to do nothing to stop the fires.
【答案】31. I 32. A
33. C 34. G
35. B 36. K
37. D 38. E
39. F 40. H
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了森林火灾的有益影响。
【31题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在20世纪中期，所有的森林火灾都被认为是不受欢迎的，消防队员对所有这些火灾都做出了反应，不管它们是否在人类居住的地方附近燃烧。分析句式结构可知，此处用形容词作表语，再根据主语all forest burns可知，空格处用形容词undesirable表示森林火灾是“不受欢迎的”故选I项。
【32题详解】
考查名词。句意：这种处理森林火灾的方法既昂贵又有风险。根据空格后的to可知，此处用名词approach与to搭配，表示“……的方法”故选A项。
【33题详解】
考查副词。句意：然而，最近森林管理者开始看到森林火灾确实有好处。分析句式结构可知，此处用副词作状语，再分析句意，用副词recently表示“最近”符合语境。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查形容词。句意：以前，人们认为森林火灾会对树木造成无法弥补的损害，然而，现在森林管理者知道树木是火灾的主要受益者。根据下文的名词damage可知，此处用形容词irreparable表示“无法弥补”的损害。故选G项。
【35题详解】
考查名词。句意：同上。根据上文的however可知，此处与上文是转折关系，再根据be动词are可知，此处用复数名词beneficiaries表示“受益者”。故选B项。
【36题详解】
考查副词。句意：许多自然发生森林火灾，通常是由雷击引起的，是地面火灾，烧毁了林下植被——森林中的灌木和草本植物——而不损害林下植被中的树木。分析句式结构可知，此处应该用副词作状语修饰occurring，再分析句意，用副词naturally表示“自然地”发生。故选K项。
【37题详解】
考查动词。句意：通过这种方式，大火消除了来自较小树木竞争，使较大的树木得以茁壮成长。分析句式结构可知，此处用动词作谓语，再根据空格后的competition可知，此处用动词eliminate表示“消除”竞争，因为主语the fire是单数，且时态为一般现在时，所以用动词的第三人称单数形式。故选D项。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意：然而，火会立即释放凋落物中的营养物质。分析句式结构可知，空格处是宾语的位置，再根据上文的nutrient-rich soil可知，此处用名词nutrients作宾语表示释放“营养物质”。故选E项。
【39题详解】
考查名词。句意：随着森林管理者更多地了解森林火灾的长期影响，他们意识到森林火灾可以带来有益的影响，并改变了他们的森林管理实践，以反映这一新的观点。分析句意再根据空格前的management可知，此处是指改变森林管理“实践”符合语境。故选F项。
【40题详解】
考查名词。句意：只要火灾对家庭和社区没有威胁，护林员现在往往选择不采取任何措施来阻止火灾。根据下文的to homes and communities可知，此处是指对家庭和社区没有“威胁”。故选H项。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
History has not yet ___41___ what we will definitively call the postmillennial cohort (2000年后出生的人) that now ___42___ more than 60 million people in the U.S. These kids and ___43___ with no concept of life ___44___ the Internet have so far been called the App Generation and Generation Z. They’ve been referred to as Homelanders, having grown up under the ghost of terorism. They’ve also been ___45___ the Plurals, for their historic diversity, as well as the Founders, at least by MTV.
Whatever we ___46___ naming them, marketers and academies are turning their attention to this group, which has billions in ___47___ and is already shaping the culture. This generation is growing up “totally and utterly connected,” says California State University psychologist Larry Rosen. Experts like Rosen have concerns about these kids’ Google-inspired expectations that everything be ___48___. They worry about their inability to ___49___ even five seconds of boredom. And they worry about the demands that come with ____50____ several identities online, from Facebook to Twitter to Snapchat. “There’s so much pressure on young people, who are still ____51____ their identities, to present this crystallized, idealized identity online,” says the University of Washington’s Katie Davis.
Historian Neil Howe sees ____52____ with the Silent Generation, the spoilt, risk-avoiding, “nice” generation of kids who grew up during the Great Depression and World War ll, although some marked differences are found. Today’s youths are also coming of age among geopolitical trouble and fears about the economy, he says, ____53____ schools emphasize an intense far-reaching sensitivity to other kids. He suspects this ____54____ will be known for being well behaved and perhaps boring the culture by playing it safe. “There are typical examples that occur repeatedly,” Howe says, “even if they go by different ____55____.”
41. A. remarked B. convinced C. guaranteed D. revealed
42. A. numbers B. houses C. accommodates D. contains
43. A. peers B. adolescents C. folks D. guys
44. A. over B. without C. besides D. beyond
45. A. diagnosed B. dismissed C. labeled D. coined
46. A. end up B. consider about C. appeal for D. approve of
47. A. distribution force B. purchasing power C. global view D. unique outlooks
48. A. vivid B. instructive C. instant D. profitable
49. A. feed up with B. put up with C. make up for D. identify with
50. A. faking B. revising C. illustrating D. maintaining
51. A. supervising B. forming C. representing D. promoting
52. A. parallels B. contrasts C. comparisons D. reservations
53. A. because B. although C. while D. when
54. A. emphasis B. generation C. intensity D. cultivation
55. A. routes B. schemes C. names D. definitions
【答案】41. D 42. A 43. B 44. B 45. C 46. A 47. B 48. C 49. B 50. D 51. B 52. A 53. C 54. B 55. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了2000年后出生的这一代人在网络时代成长起来，生活方式与以往的人们不一样，并且成为社会主流人群，开始影响社会文化。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：历史还没有揭示我们将确切地把现在美国的人数已经超过6000万的后千禧一代的人称之为什么。根据后面的宾语“what we will definitively call the postmillennial cohort”可知，2000年后出生的人历史上会把他们称作什么还不明确，因为还没有成为历史，动词reveal指揭示事实，符合语境，事实还不明朗。A. remarked评论；B. convinced使信服；C. guaranteed担保；D. revealed揭露；证明，展示。故选D项。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：历史还没有揭示我们将确切地把现在美国的人数已经超过6000万的后千禧一代的人称之为什么。A. numbers总计；B. houses提供住所；C. accommodates提供住宿；D. contains包含；含有；容纳。该空为that引导定语从句的谓语动词，that指代先行词the postmillennial cohort 做主语，后面宾语是“more than 60 million people”，这里应该是指2000年后出生的人总计达到了6000万。动词number意为“总计”。故选A项。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些对没有互联网的生活毫无概念的孩子和青少年迄今为止被称为应用程序一代和z一代。A. peers同领人；B. adolescents青少年；C. folks家人；人们；D. guys家伙，小伙子；兄弟，伙计。2000年后出生的人都是小孩子和青少年，年龄都还不大。故选B项。
【44题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：这些对没有互联网的生活毫无概念的孩子和青少年迄今为止被称为应用程序一代和z一代。A. over超过；B. without没有；C. besides除…以外；D. beyond超出。该空介词及其宾语“the Internet”作life的后置定语，根据life前的“with no concept of”可知，这里指00后对于没有网络的生活一无所知，因为他们一出生就接触到了网络。故选B项。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们也被贴上了the Plurals(多元一代)的标签，因为他们在历史上的多元化，以及the Founders(始创者)，至少在MTV频道上。A. diagnosed诊断；B. dismissed解散；开除；驳回；C. labeled贴标签；D. coined创造新词，首次使用；铸币，造币。根据上一句“These kids and ___3___ with no concept of life ___4___ the Internet have so far been called the App Generation and Generation Z. They’ve been referred to as Homelanders, having grown up under the ghost of terorism.”中的“the App Generation and Generation Z”和“Homelanders”是一些人们对00后一代的一些称谓，本句中的“the Plurals和 the Founders”也是给他们专有称谓，他们被贴标签，labeled符合语境与上一句中called和referred to意义一致。故选C项。
【46题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：不管我们最终给他们起什么名字，营销人员和学术机构都把注意力转向了这个拥有数十亿美元的群体，他们已经在塑造文化。A. end up结束；B. consider about考虑；C. appeal for呼吁，恳请；D. approve of赞成。本文首句表示历史对00后这一代人还没有明确的称呼，但是很多机构已经给出了很多说法。end up doing意为“最终会做某事”，这里指最终历史会给这代人一个什么样的称呼。故选A项。
【47题详解】
考查名词短语辨析。句意：不管我们最终给他们起什么名字，营销人员和学术机构都把注意力转向了这个拥有数十亿美元购买力的群体，他们已经在塑造文化。A. distribution force分布力；B. purchasing power购买力；C. global view全球视野；D. unique outlooks独特的观点。空前的主语which指代先行词the group，空前的billions应该指的是钱数，指的是00后一代人的消费能力，购买力，他们已经成为社会不容忽视的群体，“marketers”关注的应该是消费者的消费能力。故选B项。
【48题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：像罗森这样的专家对这些孩子受到谷歌启发的期望感到担忧，他们认为所有东西都能立即获得。 A. vivid生动的；B. instructive有教育意义的，有启发的；C. instant立即的；即时的；D. profitable有利可图的，盈利的。“that everything be ___8___.”为expectations的同位语从句，谷歌的特点就是反馈“快”，所以这些孩子会期待一切都应该立即得到反应，回应。呼应下一句“their inability to ___9___ even five seconds of boredom”的说法，认为他们忍受不了5秒钟的无聊等待。故选C项。
【49题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们担心自己无法忍受哪怕五秒钟的无聊。 A. feed up with厌倦；B. put up with容忍；C. make up for弥补；D. identify with认同，产生共鸣。该空动词短语的宾语是“even five seconds of boredom”，专家担心这些生活在网络时代的孩子会认为一切都应该快速得到回复，有可能五分钟的无聊也忍受不了。故选B项。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们还担心在Facebook、Twitter和Snapchat等网站上保持多重身份所带来的要求。A. faking伪造，冒充；不懂装懂；B. revising修改；C. illustrating阐明；加插图；D. maintaining保持。网络时代长大的这些孩子在各社交媒体网站都有账户ID，他们得要维护这些网站上自己的身份。故选D项。
【51题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：年轻人的压力太大了，他们还在形成自己的身份，要在网上展示这种具体化、理想化的身份。A. supervising指导，监督；B. forming形成，组成；C. representing代表，象征；D. promoting促进；宣传；晋升，提拔。现在孩子们还可能会因为有新的社交媒体，可能还会形成新的身份。故选B项。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：历史学家尼尔·豪(Neil Howe)看到了与“沉默的一代”(Silent Generation)的相似之处，“沉默的一代”是在大萧条和第二次世界大战期间长大的、被宠坏的、不愿冒险的“好”一代，尽管他们也发现了一些明显的差异。A. parallels相似的手法，相似之处；B. contrasts对比，对照；C. comparisons比较；D. reservations预定。根据下文“although some marked differences are found”可知，虽然这两代人有明显的差异，但是他们看到了他们之间的相似之处。parallels与differences呼应。故选A项。
【53题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：他说，如今的年轻人也是在地缘政治问题和对经济的担忧中长大的，而学校则强调对其他孩子有着强烈而深远的敏感性。A. because因为；B. although尽管；C. while当……时候；而却；D. when当……的时候。这里指社会和学校对孩子的要求进行对比，并列连词while可以表示前后对比。故选C项。
【54题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他怀疑这一代人将以举止得体而闻名，也许会因为行事谨慎而令文化感到厌烦。A. emphasis强调；B. generation一代，一辈儿；C. intensity强烈；强度；D. cultivation耕作，开垦；培养。根据“will be known for being well behaved ”可知，该句主语应该是人，这里指00后这一代人。故选B项。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“有一些典型的例子反复出现，”Howe说，“即使它们有不同的名字。”A. routes路线；B. schemes计划，方案；C. names 姓名；名义；D. definitions定义。在even if的从句中主语they指代typical examples ,by...names或by the name of 意为“以……的名义”或使用……的名字，符合语境。这里指这一代人中的典型例子有可能会有各种不同的名称，呼应第一段中的“the App Generation and Generation Z”和“Homelanders”“the Plurals和 the Founders”。故选C项。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B,C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
Earlier this year I took a trip to England and France to go see some friends. It was a wonderful trip; I really loved it. But one thing that struck me was how different these cultures are from our own. I guess this would strike any traveler because that is the first thing you notice and it is what makes travel so exciting. Of course, these cultures are also similar to ours in many respects, but it’s the differences that really stand out.
One of the things that struck me in particular was the different attitudes towards smoking. As you know, there’s a growing anti-smoking sentiment in Europe. However, when I went to England and France, I got a new perspective on this issue. People seem to smoke anywhere and everywhere, even though anti-smoking signs are all over public places. On the radio, I heard about a member of the World Cup soccer team who smoked. And people were actually saying, “Well, he should not be on the team because he’s a bad example for our children.” I think, if they want to look at bad examples for their children, they should just go out on the street, or go into the subways, or look in the mirror, even, because so many of them are smoking in very inappropriate places. I visited a restaurant buffet in London and saw an English woman scooping up the food with a lit cigarette in her hand. Smoke rising into the air. Actually, when I talked to English people later, they were pretty shocked too, and they said that smoking in a restaurant is rude even by British standards.
This did not give me a bad impression of English people. It gave me, on the contrary, a positive feeling toward American smokers. There are a lot of American smokers who will proclaim their right to smoke whenever they want, but they will follow the rules, generally, because they have consideration for nonsmokers. So this experience in Europe gave me more of a respect for this kind of smoker.
56. What surprised the writer during his trip to England and France
A. The wonderful trip to England and France.
B. Cultural differences that he noticed during his trip.
C. Similarity between cultures stands out more than differences.
D. Growing anti-smoking views in Europe.
57. What did the speaker find in England and France about the smoking issue
A. People discuss the smoking issue on the radio.
B. Smokers are allowed to smoke anywhere and anytime.
C. People are encouraged to smoke in inappropriate places.
D. Many smokers pay no attention to the “No Smoking” signs.
58. The word “sentiment” in the second paragraph means ______.
A. feeling B. movement C. offense D. regulation
59. What kind of smokers does the speaker respect
A. Those who are from America and Europe. B. Those who respect others’ feelings.
C. Those who defend the right to smoke. D. Those who set rules of smoking in public places.
【答案】56. B 57. D 58. A 59. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者到欧洲旅游时见到的欧洲烟民，特别是英国和法国烟民对吸烟的态度，他们无视禁烟标识，不顾他人感受，这让作者对美国烟民有了积极的评价。
【56题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“But one thing that struck me was how different these cultures are from our own.(但有一件事让我震惊，那就是这些文化与我们自己的文化是多么不同。)”可知，作者在英国和法国旅行时，他在旅途中注意到的文化差异使他感到惊讶。故选B项。
【57题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“People seem to smoke anywhere and everywhere, even though anti-smoking signs are all over public places.(人们似乎在任何地方和任何地方吸烟，尽管公共场所到处都是禁烟标志。)”可知，关于吸烟问题，说话者发现在英国和法国许多吸烟者不在意“禁止吸烟”的标志。故选D项。
【58题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词前“anti-smoking(反吸烟)”和下文“However, when I went to England and France, I got a new perspective on this issue. People seem to smoke anywhere and everywhere, even though anti-smoking signs are all over public places.(然而，当我去了英国和法国后，我对这个问题有了新的看法。人们似乎在任何地方和任何地方吸烟，尽管公共场所到处都是禁烟标志。)”可知推知，“anti-smoking”是欧洲民众对吸烟的一种态度或情感，与下文的现实状况“People seem to smoke anywhere and everywhere”形成对比，构成转折。所以sentiment与feeling同义，意为“看法，情绪”。故选A项。
【59题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“There are a lot of American smokers who will proclaim their right to smoke whenever they want, but they will follow the rules, generally, because they have consideration for nonsmokers. So this experience in Europe gave me more of a respect for this kind of smoker.(有很多美国吸烟者会宣称他们有随时吸烟的权利，但他们通常会遵守规则，因为他们考虑到不吸烟者。所以在欧洲的经历让我对这种吸烟者产生了更多的尊重。)”可知，作者尊重那些尊重他人感受的的吸烟者。故选B项。
B
One of the most well-known figures of American history, Thomas Jefferson was the third President of the United States and the author of the Declaration of Independence. His life was an inspiring one and at the same time a little bit contradictory to his statements and way of living life, and thus he has formed the subject of a lot of authors’ books.
Jefferson and his time This is a Biography of the life of Jefferson published in 6 volumes over a very long period of 34 years staring from 1948 till 1982. Read it For: It is an entire collection introducing all aspects of Jefferson’s life in great details from his childhood till his last days. For history enthusiasts, this is a wonderful book that will give you insight into the life of one of the most memorable American leaders. Don’t Read it For: This series is a biography and strictly a work of non-fiction. It is reading about the life of a person and might get boring for some.
American Sphinx An interesting yet strange book, this piece of writing is not an attempt to shed light on the life of Jefferson but rather an attempt to understand his mind. Jefferson was one who spoke something but did the complete opposite of it. Read it For: This book tries to analyze Jefferson’s life but does not do it in a way that criticizes him or idolizes him. This National Award winning book perfectly balances the act of examining someone’s acts and general behavior and trying to figure out the reason behind his contradictory statements and acts. Don’t Read it For: If you are searching for a book about Jefferson’s life, this is not for you. It covers a few events of his life, not his entire life. This Political Biography by Meacham takes you on a journey into the world that Jefferson lived in and saw it through his eyes. It shows how Jefferson formed the world around him and handled situations and people to shape the American political system as it is today.
The Art of Power Read it For: The depth with which this book is written is commendable. It is noted that the work done by Meacham in this book puts you inside Jefferson’s head and makes you understand what it would be like to be Jefferson. Don’t Read it For: While this book shows the genius of Jefferson, it can come off as bias, showing Jefferson in a very positive light and his opponents in a very negative light.
60. If one wants to know Thomas Jefferson’s experience in his whole life, ______ is most highly recommended.
A. “Jefferson and His Time” B. “American Sphinx” C. “The Art of Power” D. none of the above
61. Having read “American Sphinx”, you may ______.
A. learn how Thomas got through his childhood in details
B. understand why Thomas’ words and deeds were not always matched
C. know how ordinary people criticize or idolize him
D. learn how Jefferson formed the world around him and addressed situations
62. One problem about “The Art of Power” is that readers ______.
A. may feel bored while they are reading it
B. cannot get a complete description of Thomas’ life
C. learn Thomas’ political life mainly from historians’ perspective
D. cannot get an objective point of view about Thomas’ gift
【答案】60. A 61. D 62. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。托马斯·杰斐逊是美国历史上最著名的人物之一，他是美国第三任总统，也是《独立宣言》的作者。他的一生鼓舞人心，但同时又与他的言论和生活方式有些矛盾，因此他成为了许多作家著书的主题。文章介绍了三本与托马斯·杰斐逊有关的著作。
【60题详解】
细节理解题。根据Jefferson and his time部分中的“It is an entire collection introducing all aspects of Jefferson’s life in great details from his childhood till his last days. For history enthusiasts, this is a wonderful book that will give you insight into the life of one of the most memorable American leaders.(这是一个完整的集子，详细介绍了杰斐逊从童年到最后的日子的生活的各个方面。对于历史爱好者来说，这是一本精彩的书，它将让你深入了解这位最令人难忘的美国领导人之一的生活)”可知，如果一个人想知道托马斯·杰斐逊的一生经历，Jefferson and His Time是最强烈推荐的。故选A。
【61题详解】
细节理解题。根据American Sphinx部分中的“It shows how Jefferson formed the world around him and handled situations and people to shape the American political system as it is today.(这本书展示了杰斐逊如何塑造他周围的世界，如何处理各种情况和人物，从而塑造了今天的美国政治制度)”可知，读过American Sphinx，你可能会了解杰斐逊是如何塑造他周围的世界和处理各种情况的。故选D。
【62题详解】
推理判断题。根据The Art of Power部分中的“While this book shows the genius of Jefferson, it can come off as bias, showing Jefferson in a very positive light and his opponents in a very negative light.(虽然这本书展示了杰斐逊的天赋，但它可能会给人一种偏见，以一种非常积极的方式展示杰斐逊，而以一种非常消极的方式展示他的对手)”可推知，The Art of Power的一个问题是，读者无法对托马斯的天赋有一个客观的看法。故选D。
C
The United Nations Food Systems Summit(峰会)held last September was overshadowed by a powerful counter-moblilization effort led by farmers and scientists and small-scale food producers across the world.
Opposition to the summit had been mounting since July, when hundreds of grassroots organizations challenged the organizers for framing the problem of food systems in narrow, technocratic ways and offering “false solutions” such as biotechnological interventions(干预)instead of promoting more sustainable, just and people-first ways of farming. Also in July the Philippines approved commercial cultivation of Bt eggplant, a genetically modified (GM) food that produces a protein that kills eggplant fruit and “Golden Rice” changed to produce beta-carotene, the forerunner of vitamin A. The Philippines thus became the first country in South and Southeast Asia of approve GM rice.
Advocates of GM crops praised the Philippines’ move as a victory of science. Since the U. N.’s food summit was announced two years ago, different groups have steadily reduced applications of science to global problems to a limited set of investor-oriented innovations. Within this orbit, agricultural biotechnology and digitalization are boasted as vital to achieving the U. N.’s sustainable development goals. As governments now debate the way forward from the summit, it is critical to recognize that a narrow focus on technology to address the complex structural problems of farming and food has an astonishingly poor track record.
At its base, GM crops are rooted in a colonial-capitalist model of agriculture based on theft of local land and on exploiting farmers’ and food workers’ labor, native knowledge and the web of lift itself. Today this agricultural model is responsible not only for increasing farm debt, depleted soils, and threats to native seeds and biodiversity but also the destruction of farmers’ knowledge and skills. For the world to achieve sustainability, this colonial model of agriculture must be dismissed, and promising agroecological approaches based on working with biodiversity and farmers’ knowledge and skills should be brought to center stage.
Most GM crops are engineered with resistance to herbicides(除草剂)and insects, which has not only contributed to the emergence of “super-weeds” and increasing pesticide use but has driven the global growth of seed and chemical industries. These kinds of crops have principally benefited large-scale farmers, grain traders and multinational corporations involved in selling seeds and pesticides.
Multinational agribusinesses have understood Golden Rice and Bt eggplant as pro-poor technologies to win over smallholder farmers and consumers in the Global South. The International Rice Research Institute has led Golden Rice’s development with support from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and in partnership with Syngenta (which owns rights to the rice) to address vitamin A deficiency (VAD) among the poor, especially children and pregnant women.
63. The recent Food Systems Summit was greeted with distrust because the organizers ________.
A. didn’t take the interests of people concerned into account
B. didn’t attach importance to the blossoming of agriculture
C. failed to come up with the effective initiatives with joint efforts
D. employed the inappropriate approaches to farming
64. What is the purpose of mentioning the Philippines’ case
A. To prove the victory for the supporters of GM food.
B. To illustrate the Philippines’ opposition to the summit.
C. To argue it is a waste of money in the GM food.
D. To introduce how many nutrients GM food may contain.
65. ________ is advocated for the development of agriculture in the long run.
A. Exploiting farmers’ and food workers’ labor
B. Developing crops resistant to insects
C. Removing the colonial-capitalist model
D. Establishing partnership to address VAD
66. What can be inferred from the passage
A. The Philippines is a country with cutting-edge technologies.
B. The application of GM food will solve the problem of environment.
C. Governments have initiated into the complex structural farming problems.
D. The booming pesticide industry is credited to the cultivation of GM food.
【答案】63. D 64. A 65. C 66. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是去年9月举行的联合国粮食系统首脑会议遭到了世界各地越来越多农民与草根组织的的反对，人们都希望将促进更可持续、公正、以人为本的农业模式，而不是继续殖民资本主义的农业模式。
【63题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的首句“Opposition to the summit had been mounting since July, when hundreds of grassroots organizations challenged the organizers for framing the problem of food systems in narrow, technocratic ways and offering “false solutions” such as biotechnological interventions(干预)instead of promoting more sustainable, just and people-first ways of farming.(自7月以来，对此次峰会的反对越来越多，当时数百个草根组织挑战组织者以狭隘、技术的官僚方式构建食品系统问题，并提供“错误的解决方案”，如生物技术干预，而不是促进更可持续、公正、以人为本的农业方式)”可知，人们对这次粮食首脑会议不信任的原因在组织者于采用了不恰当的农业方式。故选D项。
【64题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段首句“Advocates of GM crops praised the Philippines’ move as a victory of science.(转基因作物的倡导者称赞菲律宾的举动是科学的胜利)”可知，提到菲律宾的案例是为了证明转基因食品的支持者的胜利。故选A项。
【65题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“For the world to achieve sustainability, this colonial model of agriculture must be dismissed, and promising agroecological approaches based on working with biodiversity and farmers’ knowledge and skills should be brought to center stage.(为了使世界实现可持续性，必须摒弃这种殖民时期的农业模式，并将基于生物多样性和农民知识和技能的有希望的农业生态方法带到中心舞台)”可知，要从长远角度发展农业就要摒弃这种殖民时期的农业模式。故选C项。
【66题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Most GM crops are engineered with resistance to herbicides(除草剂)and insects, which has not only contributed to the emergence of “super-weeds” and increasing pesticide use but has driven the global growth of seed and chemical industries.(大多数转基因作物都具有对除草剂和昆虫的抗性，这不仅导致了“超级杂草”的出现和杀虫剂的使用，而且推动了全球种子和化学工业的增长)”可推断，杀虫剂等化学工业的全球发展是得益于大多数转基因食品的种植。故选D项。
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Modern computer technology has made a new kind of human relationship possible: online friendship. ___67___ Are online friendships as beneficial as face-to-face friendships What are the advantages and disadvantages of having virtual friends Can people form strong bonds online Today these questions are the subject of lively debate.
Some people believe that the Internet is the best way to make new friends. It’s convenient, it’s fast, and it allows making contact with different kinds of people from all over the world. When you use social networking, websites and chat rooms, you can easily find people with interests and hobbies similar to yours. Information updates and photos add to the experience. Making friends on the Internet is especially good for shy people who feel uncomfortable in social situations. It’s often easier to share thoughts and feelings online. ___68___ They can make people feel less lonely and help them solve problems.
Although the Internet can encourage friendship, it has a major disadvantage. ___69___ Online friends only tell you what they want you to know. They sometimes exaggerate their good qualities and hide the less positive ones, so you can’t be sure of what they really like. That is why you should not give personal information to anyone online unless you’re totally sure of who that person is.
Can online friendship be as meaningful as face-to-face ones There are different points of view. Researchers at the University of Southern California surveyed 2,000 households in the United States. The results showed that more than 40 percent of participants feel “as strongly about their online buddies” as they do about their “offline” friends. ___70___ In contrast, there are many people who believe that it’s not possible to have deep relationships with online friends, A young Indian software engineer, Lalitha Lakshmipathy, says, “it’s good to feel connected with many people, but all my e-buddies are not necessarily my close friends.” They say that it’s hard to develop feelings of trust and connection when you don’t share experiences in person.
People continue to express different opinions about online friendship. However, most of them would agree that virtual friendships must not replace face-to-face friendships. As one life coach says, “a social networking site should only be the ‘add on’ in any relationship.”
A. In addition, virtual friends can offer emotional support.
B. When you’re not face to face, it’s much easier to deceive people.
C Many people would agree.
D. Researchers also found that it’s not unusual for online friends to become face-to-face friend.
E. Online friends may be of help in many ways.
F. Online friends, or virtual friends, are people who have become acquainted with each other through the Internet.
【答案】67. F 68. A 69. B 70. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了现代计算机技术带来的新型人际关系——在线友谊。
【67题详解】
根据上文“Modern computer technology has made a new kind of human relationship possible: online friendship(现代计算机技术使一种新型的人际关系成为可能：网络友谊)”可知，上文提出了网络友谊这一概念，可推理出下文对这一概念进行解释，与F项“Online friends, or virtual friends, are people who have become acquainted with each other through the Internet(网络朋友或虚拟朋友是指通过互联网相互认识的人)”表达的含义一致，故选F项。
【68题详解】
根据下文“They can make people feel less lonely and help them solve problems.( 它们可以让人们不那么孤独，并帮助他们解决问题)”可知此处上下文说的是虚拟朋友可以提供情感支持，与A项“In addition, virtual friends can offer emotional support.(此外，虚拟朋友可以提供情感支持。)”表达的含义一致，故选A项。
【69题详解】
根据下文“Online friends only tell you what they want you to know. They sometimes exaggerate their good qualities and hide the less positive ones, so you can’t be sure of what they really like.( 网上朋友只告诉你他们想让你知道的事情。他们有时夸大自己的好品质，而隐藏不那么积极的品质，所以你无法确定他们真正喜欢什么)”可知，此处上下文说的是虚拟朋友由于无法面对面交流，可能会有欺骗人的情况，与B项“When you’re not face to face, it’s much easier to deceive people.( 当你不面对面时，欺骗别人会容易得多。)”表达的含义一致，故选B项。
【70题详解】
根据上文“The results showed that more than 40 percent of participants feel “as strongly about their online buddies” as they do about their “offline” friends.( 结果显示，超过40%的参与者对“在线好友”的感觉和对“离线”好友的感觉一样强烈。)”可知此处上下文说的是研究人员发现的一项研究结果，即网上的朋友变成面对面的朋友以后，他们的友谊依然感觉强烈，与D项“Researchers also found that it’s not unusual for online friends to become face-to-face friend.(研究人员还发现，网上朋友变成面对面的朋友并不罕见)”表达的含义一致，故选D项。
IV. Summary Writing
71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Global Cooperation
In the 21st century, we’ve seen a new trend that is pushing the boundaries of human invention and innovation—global cooperation. Scientific and technical research and development is now so complicated that no one scientist can know it all. So, increasingly, innovation is coming from the combining of cutting-edge expertise (专业知识) from different scientific fields.
There are now over 8, 000 scientific journals worldwide and it is impossible to be an expert in all areas. Therefore, in this highly specialized world, scientists, medics and engineers have to cooperate in order to innovate. Professor Bob Langer at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has made significant breakthroughs in the field of biomedical engineering. But he hasn’t done it on his own. He has invited experts from around the world in different fields to form a global team to design new substances which can go inside the body, deliver medicines and then dissolve. Also at MIT, when Cesar Harada heard about the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010, he quit his dream job there and tried to develop a more efficient way to remove the oil. But rather than focusing on profit, he decided to ‘open-source’ the design. He shared his own ideas on the web for free and then got experts from all around the world to contribute ideas and even donations. Thanks to this free, not-for-profit way of sharing ideas and intellectual property on the internet, a boat capable of cleaning oil quickly came into being. Obviously, international cooperation based on sharing information freely has produced innovative approaches to solving problems.
It appears that the days of brilliant individuals working in their garages on their own are over. Global teams with a united purpose building on everyone’s expertise can collectively do far more than one brilliant individual. Today’s world calls for global cooperators, sharers, and not protectors of ideas.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Reference answer
In this century, global cooperation in science and technology is desirable because no single scientist can be a know-all due to the complexity of research and development. Scientists are working together to make breakthroughs. They also manage to solve problems by sharing ideas and information freely. Gone are the days when one expert can make it alone. (56 words)
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍说，在21世纪，我们看到了一种推动人类发明和创新边界的新趋势——全球合作，本文对全球合作出现的背景和采用的方法进行了描述。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①In the 21st century, we’ve seen a new trend that is pushing the boundaries of human invention and innovation—global cooperation. Scientific and technical research and development is now so complicated that no one scientist can know it all.
②Professor Bob Langer at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has made significant breakthroughs in the field of biomedical engineering. He has invited experts from around the world in different fields to form a global team to design new substances which can go inside the body, deliver medicines and then dissolve.
③He shared his own ideas on the web for free and then got experts from all around the world to contribute ideas and even donations.
④It appears that the days of brilliant individuals working in their garages on their own are over.
2.缜密构思
将第1个要点进行整合，将第2、3、4三个要点进行重组。
3.遣词造句
In this century, global cooperation in science and technology is desirable because no single scientist can be a know-all due to the complexity of research and development.
Scientists are working together to make breakthroughs.
They also manage to solve problems by sharing ideas and information freely. Gone are the days when one expert can make it alone.
【点睛】[高分句型1] In this century, global cooperation in science and technology is desirable because no single scientist can be a know-all due to the complexity of research and development.运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第一段进行了概括，其中because引导的原因状语从句表达高级。
[高分句型2] Gone are the days when one expert can make it alone.用表语提前的部分倒装句和when引导的定语从句对最后一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentence into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 人们通过在微信上分享照片让亲朋好友了解他们的近况。(keep) (汉译英)
【答案】People keep their relatives and friends informed of their recent situations by sharing photos on WeChat.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语和非谓语动词。根据所给中文提示词，主语是“人们”译为“people”，“让某人了解某事”用短语keep sb informed of sth，描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，“亲朋好友”译为“their relatives and friends”，“他们的近况”，译为“their recent situations”，“通过在微信上分享照片”可用介词短语by doing sth.译为“by sharing photos on WeChat”。故译为：People keep their relatives and friends informed of their recent situations by sharing photos on WeChat.
73. 一般说来，交通繁忙的十字路口可能会发生交通事故。(happen) (汉译英)
【答案】Generally speaking, traffic accidents are likely to happen at a crossroads where traffic is heavy.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配和时态。表示“一般说来”应用固定搭配generally speaking；表示“交通事故”应用traffic accidents；表示“可能做某事”应用be likely to do sth.，此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为复数名词，谓语动词使用复数形式；表示“发生”应用happen，位于动词不定式符号to后面，使用动词原形；表示“在十字路口”应用at a crossroads；表示“交通繁忙的”应用where traffic is heavy，此处where引导定语从句，修饰先行词crossroads，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语。故翻译成：Generally speaking, traffic accidents are likely to happen at a crossroads where traffic is heavy.。
74. 莫言曾在一次演讲中说到：许多发生在他身上的事情都让他相信真理和正义就在我们身边。(convince) (汉译英)
【答案】Mo Yan once said in his speech that many things that had happened to him convinced him that truth and justice are alive and always around us.
【解析】
【详解】本题考查宾语从句、定语从句、时态、固定搭配。分析句子结构，“说到”(say)和“相信”（convince）后面均是一个宾语从句，且从句成分和意义完整，所以应用that引导，这里陈述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。convince意为“使相信，说服”，为及物动词，convince sb. that...意为“让某人相信……”。“许多发生在他身上的事情” 可表述为 many things that had happened to him，其中 many things 作 said 的宾语从句中的主语，that had happened to him 为定语从句，happen to somebody意为“发生在某人身上”，为固定搭配，happen表示的动作发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成时。“真理”可表示为truth；“正义”可表示为justice；“在我们身边”可表示为be alive and always around us。“真理和正义就在我们身边”陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。故正确答案为：Mo Yan once said in his speech that many things that had happened to him convinced him that truth and justice are alive and always around us.
75. 毫无疑问，不管人类文明有多么发达，如果生态平衡被打破，过不了多久我们就会自食其果。(it)(汉译英)
【答案】There is no doubt that no matter how developed human civilization is, if the ecological balance is broken, it will not be long before we suffer the consequences.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型、从句和时态。句子陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时；“毫无疑问”使用固定句型There is no doubt that，“不管人类文明有多么发达”使用no matter how引导的让步状语从句，“发达”使用developed，“人类文明”使用human civilization，译为no matter how developed human civilization is，“如果生态平衡被打破”使用if引导的条件状语从句，译为if the ecological balance is broken，“过不了多久”表将来，应用一般将来时，使用固定句型it will not be long before，“我们就会自食其果”位于before引导的时间状语从句中，应用一般现在时表将来，译为we suffer the consequences。故翻译为There is no doubt that no matter how developed human civilization is, if the ecological balance is broken, it will not be long before we suffer the consequences.
VI. Guided Writing
76. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学的高三学生李明，你校学生会就成人仪式(Coming-of-age Ceremony)的活动内容向全校学生征求意见。你决定写一封邮件给学生会，表达你的意见，内容包括：
1.你建议成人仪式包含哪些活动；
2.你提出这些建议的理由。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear chairperson,
I’m Li Ming, a senior student in our school. Hearing that the Student Union is collecting students’ opinions for this year’s coming-of-age ceremony, I am writing to share my ideas.
Firstly, I suggest that the ceremony should include a speech contest where students would deliver a speech on the responsibilities of adulthood. This would help participants understand the significance of assuming greater responsibilities. Secondly, I propose that we organize a community service activity where students would participate in volunteer work. This would help participants understand the importance of contributing to society and would also provide an opportunity for them to give back to the community.
I hope my suggestions would contribute to making the Coming-of-Age Ceremony a memorable and meaningful experience for all participants. Thank you for considering my ideas.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给学生会写一封邮件，表达自己对成人仪式的意见，内容包括：建议成人仪式包含哪些活动，提出这些建议的理由。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
意见：opinion→view
比赛：contest→competition
发表演讲：deliver a speech→give a lecture
参加：participate in→take part in
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I’m Li Ming, a senior student in our school.
拓展句：I’m Li Ming, who is a senior student in our school.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Hearing that the Student Union is collecting students’ opinions for this year’s coming-of-age ceremony, I am writing to share my ideas.(使用了现在分词作状语、that引导宾语从句、不定式作目的状语)
【高分句型2】Firstly, I suggest that the ceremony should include a speech contest where students would deliver a speech on the responsibilities of adulthood.(使用了that引导宾语从句、where引导定语从句)

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