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专题五　代 词
知识导图
【更多用法】 当各人称并列时，它们的排列顺序如下： 1．单数场合的排列顺序为：第二人称(you)＋第三人称(he/she)＋第一人称(I)； 2．复数场合的排列顺序为：第一人称(we)＋第二人称(you)＋第三人称(they)； 3．男女两性并列时，其顺序为：he＋she； 4．若是承担责任，通常把第一人称放在第一位。
考法精讲
命题点 1 人称代词、物主代词与反身代词(语法选择：4年4考；短文填空：往年4考；往年单项填空：2019.35, 2018.34)
　　　 人称 类别　　　 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词
主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性
第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
第三 人称 单数 he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
复数 they them their theirs themselves
【巧学妙记】 1．动词前，用主格；动介后，用宾格； 2．有名(名词)则形(形容词性物主代词)，无名(名词)则名(名词性物主代词) 。
1. 人称代词
人称代词主要用来指人，也可以用来指物，有人称、数和格的变化。
类别 用法 示例
主格 (2021.33) 作主语，用在动词前 I think he has a ping pong ball.我认为他有一个乒乓球。
宾格 (6年3考) 作宾语，用在动词或 介词后，表示动作行为的对象 Feel free to ask me anything on today's Great Wall tour.在今天的长城之旅中，请随时问我任何事情。
When we sing English songs，he often plays the guitar for us.当我们唱英文歌曲时，他经常为我们弹吉他。
作表语，用在系动词 之后 —Who's the girl in the photo？照片中的女孩是谁？ —It's me.是我。
【巧学妙记】 人称代词的使用顺序： 人称代词并列现，尊重他人礼当先； 单数人称二三一，复数人称一二三； 若把错误责任担， 第一人称我靠前； 人在动物的前面， 男士位于女士前。
2. 物主代词
物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，是人称代词的所属格形式，表示“所有”关系。
类别 成分 示例
形容词性物主代词(6年6考 ) 定语 He practised playing volleyball with his friend.他和他的朋友练习打排球。
名词性物主代词(＝形容词性物主代词＋名词) 主语 This isn't your book. Yours is on the table.这不是你的书。你的在桌子上。
宾语 I can't find my ruler. Can I use yours？我找不到我的尺子。我能用你的吗？
表语 The green pen is hers.绿色的钢笔是她的。
【拓展】形容词性物主代词的相关短语
change one's mind改变某人的主意　　　　　　　　do/try one's best尽某人最大的努力
lose one's life丧生；牺牲 lose one's way迷路
make up one's mind某人下定决心 to one's surprise使某人惊讶的是
with one's help在某人的帮助下
【更多词块】 更多形容词性物主代词的相关短语： wave one's hand挥手 on one's way to在某人去……的路上 in one's free time在某人的闲暇时间 It's one's turn to...轮到某人…… touch one's heart打动某人 draw one's attention引起某人的注意 keep one's promise遵守诺言；守信
3. 反身代词
反身代词用来表示“某人自己”，表示动作返回到发出者，主语和宾语为同一个人或物。
成分 位置 示例
宾语(2019.35, 2018.80) 动词之后 Last week, the students went skating and enjoyed themselves very much.上周，学生们去滑冰，玩得很开心。
介词之后 They should feel proud of themselves.他们应该为自己感到骄傲。
表语 系动词之后 The poor boy was myself.这个可怜的男孩是我自己。
同位语 名词或代词 之后或句末 You had better ask the driver himself.你最好问问司机本人。
【拓展】反身代词的相关短语
enjoy oneself玩得愉快
help oneself (to) 自用（食物等）
动词之后　 dress oneself自己穿衣服
teach oneself（＝learn by oneself）自学
hurt oneself 伤了某人自己
lose oneself (in) 沉溺于
believe in oneself相信某人自己
by oneself单独地；独自地；亲自（2019.35）
介词之后 for oneself为某人自己
look after oneself照顾某人自己
take care of oneself照顾某人自己
keep sth. to oneself保密
即时训练
Ⅰ.单项填空
1. Mrs. White will come to visit me. I can't wait to see ________．
A. she B. her C. herself
2. This is not my brother's sweater. ________ is on the chair behind the desk.
A. He B. Him C. His
3. You should set a goal for ________ at the beginning of a new term.
A. you B. your C. yourself
Ⅱ.方框选词(有两词为多余项)
4. The robot in the restaurant can move by ________. How fantastic!
5. Liu Yang is the first woman astronaut in China. ________ are proud of her.
6. For children's safety, the teacher told ________ some rules before the trip.
【好词佳句积累】 can't wait to do sth.迫不及待做某事 set a goal设定目标 at the beginning of a new term在新学期的开始 be proud of...为……感到骄傲
命题点 2 不定代词
1. some与any
不定代词 用法 示例
some 一般用于肯定句，或在 一些表示建议、请求、邀请的疑问句中 ①There are some books on the desk.书桌上有一些书。 ②Excuse me, could you tell me where I can buy some stamps？打扰一下，你能告诉我在哪里可以买到一些邮票吗？
any 一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中，或在肯定句中表示“任何一个” ①He doesn't have any money.他没有钱。 ②Do you have any questions？你有什么问题吗？ ③You can join any club. 你可以加入任何一个俱乐部。
2. many与much
不定代词 用法 示例
many 许多，修饰或指代可数名词复数 Many of my friends have been abroad.我的许多朋友都在国外。
much 许多，修饰或指代不可数名词 I don't have much time for breakfast, so I usually eat very quickly. 我没有太多的时间吃早餐，所以我通常吃得很快。
3. few, a few, little与a little
不定代词 用法 示例
few 几乎没有，强调“没有”，修饰可数名词复数 We are twins, and we have few differences on look.我们是双胞胎，并且在外貌上几乎没有差别。
a few 有一些，强调“有”，修饰可数名词复数 I still have a few apples, so I can give you one.我还有几个苹果，所以我可以给你一个。
little 几乎没有，强调“没有”，修饰不可数名词 There's little milk in the fridge. Let's go to the supermarket to buy some.冰箱里几乎没有牛奶了。我们去超市买一些吧。
a little (2020.73) 有一点，强调“有”，修饰不可数名词 Take it easy. There is still a little time for us to get there.放轻松。我们还有点时间到达那里。
4. all, both, either与neither
不定代词 用法 示例
all 指三者或三者以上都。 The books are useful to all of us.这些书对我们所有人都有用。
both 两者都，修饰或指代可数名词复数。作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 Both of the boys speak English well.这两个男孩的英语都说得很好。
either 两者之一，修饰或指代可数名词单数。作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Either of the students does well in their studies.两个学生中，无论谁学习都不错。
neither 两者都不，修饰或指代可数名词单数。 Grandpa Li has two sons. But neither of them lives with him.李爷爷有两个儿子。但没有一个和他住在一起。
【注意】all, both与not连用时，表示部分否定，意为“并非全部”“并非两个都”。如：Not all the people agree with me.并不是所有人都赞同我。
【精选例句】 ①There are many different kinds of flowers in the park.公园里有许多不同种类的花。②Although you have to go your separate ways now, I hope that in a few years' time, you'll come back to visit our school.虽然你们现在要分道扬镳，但我希望几年后，你们能回来看看我们的学校。 ③Both Sam and Tom can play the drums, but Sam plays them better than Tom.Sam和Tom都会打鼓，但Sam比Tom打得更好。
5. each与every
不定代词 用法 示例
each 强调个体，指两者或两者以上中的每一个，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，可与of连用。 Each of us has an apple.＝We each have an apple.我们每个人都有一个苹果。
every 强调整体，指三者或三者以上中的每一个， 不单独使用， 不可与of连用。 Every girl has a doll.每个女孩都有一个 洋娃娃。
6. none与no one
不定代词 用法 示例
none 既可指人也可指物，作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可，可与of连用。 In the face of danger, all the fire fighters were brave and none of them gave up.面对危险，所有的消防队员都很勇敢，没有一个人放弃。
no one 只能指人，作主语时谓语动词用单数，相当于nobody。 No one is in the classroom.教室里没有一个人。
7. another, other, the other, others与the others
不定代词 用法 示例
another (2018.52) ①指三者或三者以上中的“另一个”， 后接可数名词单数(有时该名词省略) ②another＋数词＋可数名词复数，“另外几个……” ①Can you show me another pen I don't like this one. 可以给我看一下另一支笔吗？我不喜欢这支。 ②Then, add the cabbage, tomatoes and onion and cook for another 10 minutes.然后，加入卷心菜、西红柿和洋葱，再煮10分钟。[人教八(上)Unit 8 P58]
other 指“其他的；别的”， 后可接可数名词复数或不可数名词 There are many students in the classroom. Some students are reading. Other students are doing homework.教室里有很多学生。一些学生正在阅读，其他学生在做家庭作业。
the other ①指两者中的“另一个”，常用结构为one...the other... ②特指“其他的，别的”，后可接名词单数或复数，一般有范围 ①I have two pens. One is red, and the other is blue.我有两支钢笔。一支是红色的，另一支是蓝色的。 ②I introduced myself to the other students and tried not to worry. 我向其他同学做了自我介绍，尽量不去担心。[外研九(下)Module 4 P38]
others others＝other＋可数名词复数：指“其他的，别的(人或物)”，后不能接名词 I can lend you my bike, but you can't lend it to others.我可以借给你我的自行车，但是你不能借给其他人。
the others the others＝the other＋可数名词复数：特指“其他的，别的(人或物)”，后不能接名词，一般有范围 One student tries to describe something and the others try to guess what it is. 一个学生试着描述某事，其他学生试着猜它是什么。[冀教七(下)Unit 2 P23]
【精选例句】 ①Although you've all worked very hard over the last three years, none of you did it alone.虽然你们在过去的三年里都非常努力，但你们都不是一个人做到的。 [人教九(全) Unit 14 P110] ②So I will not give up and I will wait for another ship.所以我不会放弃，我将等待另一艘船的到来。 [人教八(下) Unit 8 P59] ③Seasons in Australia are　different from seasons in many other countries.澳大利亚的季节与其他许多国家的季节都不同。[冀教七(下) Unit 6 P90]
即时训练
Ⅰ.单项填空
7. ________ David and Alex like science, so they usually go to the science museum.
A. Both B. All C. Either D. None
8. If this doesn't work, you can try ________ way to solve the problem.
A. the other B. other C. another D. the others
9. Our book club has several cartoon books, but there are ________ storybooks.
A. little B. a little C. few D. a few
Ⅱ.方框选词(有两词为多余项)
10. There are beautiful flowers and green trees on ________ side of the road in this city.
11. It is very important for ________ to learn the life skills to solve the unexpected problems in life.
12. ________ of us are supposed to be proud of doing something to protect the environment.
13. You can ask your teacher to give you ________ advice if you can not make a decision.
【好词佳句积累】 solve the problem解决问题 make a decision做决定
命题点 3 复合不定代词
1. 初中阶段常见的复合不定代词
形式 some (表肯定) any (表肯/否定) no (表否定) every (表肯定)
body(指人) somebody某人 anybody任何人 nobody没有人 everybody每人
one(指人) someone某人 anyone任何人 no one没有人 everyone每人
thing(指物) something某事 anything任何事 nothing没有东西 everything每一件事
　 【注意】some 一类复合不定代词主要用于肯定句中，any 一类复合不定代词主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。当some 一类复合不定代词用于疑问句时，往往表示希望对方给予肯定的答复，表示肯定的意义。当any 一类复合不定代词用于肯定句时表示“任何”之意。
2. 复合不定代词的用法
(1)当形容词或else(其他的)修饰复合不定代词时，应放在复合不定代词之后。如：A joke is something funny you say to make people laugh. 笑话是你说的能让人发笑的有趣的事。
(2)复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语和表语，不能作定语。作主语时，谓语动词一般用单三形式。如：If anything happens to him, let the doctor know at once.如果他出了什么事，立刻告知医生。
【精选例句】 ①I discovered that listening to something interesting is the secret to language learning.我发现听一些有趣的东西是语言学习的秘诀。[人教九(全) Unit 1 P3] ②Everyone is good at something, but some people are truly talented.每个人都有擅长的东西，但有些人是真正有天赋的。[人教八(上)Unit 4 P29]
命题点 4 指示代词
1. 初中常见指示代词
单数 复数 用法 单数 复数 用法
this(这个) these(这些) 指代较近的人或物 that(那个) those(那些) 指代较远的人或物
【拓展】
(1)在电话用语中， 常用this介绍自己是谁，用that询问对方是谁。如：
—Hello! Who is that？—你好！谁在讲话？
—Hello! This is Jane speaking.—你好！简在讲话。
(2)that与those常用在比较句型中，代替前面提到的名词，避免重复。如：
The population of China is larger than that of America.中国的人口数量比美国多。
The pears in this shop are cheaper than those in that shop. 这家商店的梨比那家商店的便宜。
(3)在疑问句中，若句子主语是this/that/these/those时，回答用it或they代替。如：
—Is this/that your cat？这/那是你的猫吗？—Yes, it is.是的。
【精选例句】 ①This is the Great Wall of China. It has a long history.这是中国的长城。它有悠久的历史。 ②Those are Paul's son and daughter. 那是Paul的儿子和女儿。
2. 辨析 it, one与that
代词 用法 示例
it (2023.66，2022．75) 特指上下文提到的对象是同一事物。 The book is mine. It's very interesting.这本书是我的。它非常有趣。
one 泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一个，同类而不同物。 —Who has a novel named The Little Prince？谁有一本名为《小王子》的小说？ —I have one.我有一本。
that 常用于比较级结构中，代替前面提到的名词，以避免重复。 The population of Shenzhen is larger than that of many other cities in China. 深圳的人口比中国许多其他城市的人口都多。
3. it的特殊用法
(1)it作形式主语：代替由不定式或从句等所表示的真正的主语。常用于下列句型中：
①It's ＋ adj.(＋ for sb. )＋ to do sth.做某事 (对某人来说)是……的。
②It's ＋ adj.＋ of sb. ＋ to do sth.某人做某事真是太……。
③It's＋ adj.＋ that从句
④It takes/took (sb.)＋一段时间＋to do sth.做某事花费(某人)多长时间。
(2)it作形式宾语：代替由不定式或从句等所表示的真正的宾语，常用在动词find, think, make, consider, feel等动词后。如：I think it necessary to learn English well. 我认为学好英语是必要的。
(3)其他it句型：①It's time to do sth.是做某事的时间了；②It's one's turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事了；③It seems that...好像……。
即时训练
14. Tom's grade is much better than ________ of last term. He has really made great progress.
15. I like playing basketball in my spare time. ________ can make me relaxed.
16. The cook is telling ________ children how to use knives properly.
命题点 5 疑问代词
疑问代词是用来构成特殊疑问句的代词， 一般放在句首， 并在句中充当主语、表语、宾语或定语等成分。
代词 含义 基本用法 示例
who 谁 对人称代词主格进行提问，询问人物、身份 Who is the man beside you？你旁边的男性是谁？
whom 谁 对人称代词宾格进行提问，询问人物 Whom should we ask for help？我们应该向谁寻求帮助？
whose 谁的 询问所属关系 Whose jacket is it 这是谁的夹克？
what 什么 对具体内容进行提问，询问事物、 身份、职业等 What's the weather like today 今天的天气怎么样？
which 哪个 对指定范围内“哪个”进行提问，询问特定的人或物 Which do you prefer, tea or coffee 茶和咖啡你更喜欢哪一个？
【精选例句】 ①What is Jenny's favourite subject？Jenny最喜欢的科目是什么？ ②Which of these things do you think is the most important: money, family, a good job, health, good looks or friends？你认为这些东西中哪一个最重要：金钱、家庭、好工作、健康、美貌还是朋友？
综合提升
语法选择
A. 小题夯基
1. At the age of seven, David had ________ first astronaut(宇航员) training experience.
A. he B. him C. his
2. Finally, ________ hard work paid off. She got into a famous college and started her life as a Beijing Opera actress.
A. she B. her C. hers
3. Workers started to build the bridge in May, 2018. ________ cost $2.8 million and took over two years to complete.
A. It B. Its C. They
4. Judie decided to ask her dad for help as it was ________ first time to make a kite.
A. her B. herself C. hers
【好词佳句积累】 at the age of...在……岁的时候 pay off取得好结果；成功 decide to do sth.决定做某事 ask sb. for help向某人寻求帮助
5. Nobody taught the old lady how to use WeChat. She learned it all by ________．
A. she B. her C. herself
6. Boxing Day, the 26th of December, got ________ name from a time when many rich families gave boxes of gifts to poor people who had to work at Christmas.
A. it's B. its C. one's D. one
7. My sister enjoys singing and ________ favorite subject is music.
A. she B. her C. hers
8. —What are ________， do you know
—I think they are smart watches.
A. it B. this C. those
9. —Jack, when are we going to buy a birthday gift for our grandma, today or tomorrow
— ________ are OK. I am available.
A. All B. Both C. Neither
10. To save time, you should solve some easier problems first and then finish ________ in the exam.
A. other B. the other C. the others
11. —________ bus should I take to the concert
—The No. 128 bus. The bus stop is over there.
A. When B. Where C. Which
12. Mom, look at the beautiful cake. I made it by ________．
A. me B. my C. myself
13. I forgot to bring my umbrella. Luckily, Lucy shares ________ with me.
A. her B. hers C. herself
14. How beautiful these dresses are! I want to buy ________ for my mother.
A. this B. one C. it
15. Yesterday on my way home, I heard ________ playing the violin in the park.
A. somebody B. anybody C. everybody
【好词佳句积累】 share sth. with sb.和某人分享某物 on one's way home在某人回家的路上 play the violin拉小提琴
B.微语篇提能
There were tubes(试管) all over Gina's lab desk. And there should be some progress in her experiment(实验), but she didn't see __1__. A few months earlier, when she had just started the project, she believed she could make it if she worked hard enough. __2__ of the failures could only make her work harder.　
She thought nobody worked harder than her, but everybody else seemed to be making progress except her. She didn't know what to do. It was late in the evening and the other person in the lab noticed __3__ worried look. Then Gina told him __4__ her problems. He said, “I think it's time to go home and get some sleep. Taking a break is also hard work, you know.”
These words opened up her mind and __5__ began to change. Gina no longer overworked, and her research started to progress.
1. A. none B. any C. both
2. A. Each B. Either C. Every
3. A. his B. her C. our
4. A. neither B. any C. all
5. A. anything B. something C. nothing
【语篇研读】 What：讲述了Gina很努力地做实验但是一直止步不前，在听取了朋友的建议后她学会了放松和适当休息，最终取得进步的故事。 Why：旨在引导学生懂得劳逸结合，通过适当的休息和放松来提升自身的效率和创造力。 How：①文体特征：记叙文。 ②语言特点：文章中使用了“nobody worked harder than her”，“except her”及“didn't know what to do”等表达让读者深刻地感受到Gina的困境，为后面朋友的建议和Gina的改变奠定了基础，让读者更清晰地感受到Gina的变化和进步。
短文填空
　请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空。 注意每空一词，每词仅用一次。 有两词为多余项。
A. 小题夯基
Group 1
1. We use toothbrush every day and we usually put ________ in the bathroom.
2.Many foreigners move to China because of a strong interest in its culture. One man has turned his interest into love and this love made ________ write many books about China.
3. Although it was only a ________ money, she helped 12 kids with it.
4. She helped 12 kids with the money! She felt very excited when she saw smiles on ________ faces.
Group 2
5. In order to save the old village, Grandpa Huang painted on the walls of ________ own house and other houses.
6. Some valuable lessons Johnson learned as a child have strongly influenced him in his later life. One of them was from his father ________ was strict with him and his brother.
7. Even today when Will thinks that he won't be able to do something, he will look back to this experience and keep telling ________， “one brick at a time. ”
8. Every time I meet difficulties, I always say to ________， “Yes, I can！”
Group 3
9. You need to stick to ________ dream and pay no attention to someone who laughs at you.
10. The reason why all of us choose to trust Linda is that she doesn't look down on ________.
11. As teenagers, we should never lose heart when we are in hard situations because the bright future is ________.
12. I like these three storybooks, but I can only afford ________ of them.
13. The weather in Beijing is much colder than ________ in Kunming.
14. Grace enjoys taking photos. Some of ________ works have won the international prizes.
【好词佳句积累】 be strict with sb.对某人严格 be able to do sth.能够做某事 stick to坚持 pay attention to注意 look down on看不起
B.微语篇提能
[语篇类型·书信]
it　all　others　both　much　each　none　something　neither
Dear Lily，
Is everything going well with you I want to share 1. ________ meaningful with you. I took part in a labor(劳动) practice today. The students in our class were asked to pick up rubbish in a park.
We were divided into groups, and 2. ________ group mainly cleaned a part of the area. My group cleaned an area near the rubbish bin. Some of us picked up the rubbish and 3. ________ cleaned the ground. We totally spent two hours finishing 4.________. Everyone was very tired. But 5. ________ of us regretted taking part in the activity. 6. ________ of us were very happy to see the whole park get a new look.
This experience makes me get 7. ________. We should take action to care for the environment. In the future, I will always do something to protect the environment.
Hope to hear from you soon.
Yours，
Jenny
【语篇研读】 What：讲述了Jenny参加一次劳动实践活动的经历。 Why：旨在呼吁学生采取实际行动来保护环境。 How：①文体特征：应用文(书信)。 ②语言特点：文章使用了“picked up the rubbish”，“cleaned the ground”等具体行为描述了这次活动的内容。
专题五　代 词
【即时训练】
1. B　2. C　3. C　4. itself　5. We　6. them　7. A　8. C　9. C　10. each　11. everyone　12. All
13. some　14. that　15. It　16. these
【综合提升】
语法选择
A. 1. C　2. B　3. A　4. A　5. C　6. B　7. B　8. C　9. B　10. C　11. C　12. C　13. B　14. B　15. A
B. 【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Gina以前一直很努力地做实验，但是却没有看到任何进展，直到她听从了同事的建议，适当休息和放松自己后，事情进展更加顺利了。
1. B　2. A　3. B　4. C　5. B
短文填空
A. 1. it　2. him　3. little　4. their　5. his　6. who　7. himself　8. myself　9. your　10. anyone　 11. ours　12. one　13. that　14. her
B. 【主旨大意】本文是一篇应用文。主要是Jenny在一封信件中讲述了自己参加的一次劳动实践活动，呼吁我们采取实际行动来保护环境，让我们的社会变得更好。
1. something　2. each　3. others　4. it　5. none　6. All　7. much

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