资源简介

专题十四　非谓语动词
知识导图
考法精讲
命题点 1 动词不定式
1. 基本形式：
肯定形式：to＋动词原形(不定式符号to有时可以省略)；否定形式：not to＋动词原形。不定式没有人称和数的变化。如：He asked me to play chess with him. 他让我和他下象棋。
2. 功能
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此可以在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。
(1)作主语
不定式作主语，相当于名词或代词的作用，往往用形式主语it代替，而真正的不定式主语则被后置。因此，常用句型：It's ＋adj. (＋for/of sb.)＋to do sth. 如：To learn words by remembering them in groups is helpful.＝It is helpful to learn words by remembering them in groups. 通过小组记忆单词有助于学习单词。
it代替不定式作形式主语的句型：
①It＋be＋形容词＋不定式。如：It's hard to say which one is better. 很难说哪一个更好。
②It＋be＋名词＋不定式。如：It was great fun to have a picnic there. 在那里野餐很有趣。
③It takes /took sb. some time＋不定式。 如：It took me nearly two hours to get to the nature park. 我花了将近两个小时才到达自然公园。
(2)作宾语
①动词的宾语(动词＋to do)，如：I decided to change my eating habits. 我决定改变我的饮食习惯。
②和疑问词who，what，when，where，how，which等连用，一起作tell，ask，know，show等动词的宾语。如：She showed us how to do the experiment. 她向我们展示了如何做这个实验。
I don't know what to do. 我不知道做什么。
③用it作形式宾语时，将真正的宾语后置(2018.42)，如：
I think it easy to finish the work within one day. 我认为在一天内完成这项工作很容易。
【拓展】
常见接动词不定式作宾语的动词(动词＋to do sth.)
afford负担得起 agree同意 choose选择 hope希望 want想要 plan计划
decide决定 expect期望 fail未做到 offer主动提出 happen发生 prepare准备
learn学习 like喜欢 manage设法做成 refuse拒绝 promise承诺 try努力
(3)作宾语补足语(语法选择：2022.34, 2020.33)
在“动词＋宾语＋不定式”结构中，不定式作宾语补足语。如：The teacher asked us not to run in the hallway. 老师要求我们不要在走廊里跑。
【拓展】常见接动词不定式作宾语补足语的词(组)(动词＋sb. to do sth.)
advise建议 allow 允许 ask要求 expect期望(2020.33) force强迫
encourage 鼓励 invite 邀请 order命令 teach 教 tell告诉(2022.34)
want想要 warn警告 wish希望 would like愿意 remind 提醒
(4)作状语(语法选择：2021.38；往年单项填空：2019.36)
①作目的状语(2021.38, 2019.36)。常用结构：in order to do, so as to do, ...only to do(仅仅为了)。如：The teacher raised his voice to make him heard clearly. 老师提高嗓门使他被听得清楚。
②作结果状语。常用结构：so...as to, too... to..., enough... to..., only to do(表示没有预料到或事与愿违的结果)。如：The box is too heavy to carry. 这个箱子太重了以至于搬不动。
③作原因状语。如：Ben was so excited to know that he had won the first place in the exam. Ben得知他在考试中获得了第一名后非常兴奋。
(5)作定语
动词不定式作定语时，要置于被修饰的名词之后，作后置定语。如：I don't have a partner to practice English with. 我没有搭档练习英语。
(6)作表语
常位于系动词之后。如：A good way to train the brain is to do some math exercises every day. 训练大脑的一个好方法是每天做一些数学练习。
【拓展】
1. 省略to的动词不定式
使役动词和感官动词，后接宾语，再接不定式作宾补时，主动语态中不定式要省略to，被动语态中要加上to。常见如下：
使役动词 感官动词
make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 watch sb. do/(doing) sth. 注视某人做/正在做某事
let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 notice sb. do/doing sth. 注意某人做/正在做某事
have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 see sb. do/doing sth. 看见某人做/正在做某事 hear sb. do/doing sth. 听见某人做/正在做某事
注意：help (to) do sth. 和help sb. (to) do sth. 中，to有无均可
如：① I saw a boy go across the road just now. 我刚才看见有个男孩过了马路。 ② Can you see the boy going across the road 你能看见那个男孩正在过马路吗？
2. 不带to的常见句型
(1)had better (not) do sth. 最好(不要)做某事
(2)would rather do A than do B 宁愿做A，也不愿做B
(3)prefer to do A rather than do B宁愿做A，也不愿做B
(4)Why don't you/not do sth.？为什么你不做某事？
(5)Would/Could you please (not) do sth.？请你(不要)做某事好吗？
【巧学妙记】 巧记不带to的动词不定式作宾补的使役动词及感官动词： 一感(feel)， 二听(hear, listen to)， 三让(let, make, have)， 四看(look at, see, watch, notice) 半帮助(help)。
3. 疑问词＋不定式
不定式可以和疑问代词who, what, which及疑问副词when, how, where, why等连用构成不定式短语，在句中充当主语、宾语、表语等成分。如：It is important for children to learn how to do housework.
4. 使用动词不定式的常用句型
(1)It is one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事了。
(2)It takes/took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多少时间。
(3)It's time to do sth.＝It's time for (doing) sth. 是做某事的时候了。
(4)sb.＋be＋adj. ＋to do sth. 某人感到……去做某事。
(5)sb.＋find(s)/think(s)/feel(s) it＋adj.＋to do sth. 某人发现/认为/感到做某事是……的。
(6)sb.＋prefer(s) to do sth. rather than do sth. 某人宁愿做某事而不愿做某事。
(7)be＋adj. ＋enough to do sth. 足够……做某事
(8)too... to... 太……而不能……
(9)It's ＋adj. ＋to do sth. 做某事是……的。
即时训练
1. My mother told me not ________ the paintings in the art museum.
A. touch B. to touch C. touching
2. I promised ________ good care of the dog for my aunt when she was on business.
A. to take B. take C. taking
3. Our school will hold an activity ________ us a chance to share our reading experience.
A. give B. gave C. to give
4. The New Year is coming. Our teachers encourage us ________ new hobbies.
A. developing B．develop C. to develop
5. We can't beat the fear unless we decide ________ and take action to get over it.
A. change B. changing C. to change
6. My English teacher gave me some advice on how ________ my spoken English.
A. improve B. improving C. to improve
【好词佳句积累】 hold an activity举办一场活动 take action采取行动 get over克服
命题点 2 动名词
1. 动名词的用法
功能 示例 说明
作主语 Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 谓语动词用单数
作表语 Her hobby is planting different kinds of flowers. 她的爱好是种植各种各样的花。 多数情况下，动名词作表语可转换成作主语
作宾语 动词 宾语 I will finish reading the book and give a report next Monday. 下个星期一我将会读完这本书并作报告。 表示一般的习惯、抽象行为或经常性动作
介词 宾语 You can't stop people from saying what they think.你不能阻止人们说出他们的想法。
作定语 He may be in the reading room. 他可能在阅览室里。 只表示它所修饰的词的用途、所属 关系等，置于被修饰词之前
2. 常见后接动名词作宾语的动词/短语/句型
avoid避免 consider考虑 enjoy享受 finish完成
imagine 想象 miss错过，怀念 mind介意 suggest建议
be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事　be worth doing sth. 值得做某事be/get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事can't/couldn't help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事keep on doing sth. 继续做某事look forward to doing sth. 期待做某事thanks for doing sth. 感谢做某事　How/What about doing sth.？做某事怎么样？What do you think of doing sth.？你认为做某事怎么样？sb. spend(s)/spent some time (in) doing sth. 某人花费时间做某事。
【拓展】
既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语的动词有：
　　　　　　　
【更多词块】 更多后接动名词的词组有： feel like doing sth.想要做某事 pay attention to doing sth.注意做某事 have fun doing sth.做某事很开心 be good at doing sth.擅长做某事 be interested in doing sth.对做某事感兴趣 thank you for doing sth.为做某事而感谢你(们)
即时训练
7. You can consider ________ to Zhuhai during this winter holiday. It's a beautiful city.
A. travel B. travelling C. to travel
8. Lisa really enjoys ________ to music when she is off school. It is a good way to relax herself.
A. listened B. listens C. listening
9. We may have difficulty ________ for help when we are quite nervous. Just take it easy.
A. asking　 B. asked C. to ask
10. I always avoid ________ at the computer for too long because it's harmful to my eyes.
A. looking B. look C. looked
综合提升
语法选择
A. 小题夯基
1. David said the reason why he liked space camps so much was that he felt like a real astronaut in the space camp, and he didn't even need________the earth.
A. leave B. leaving C. to leave
【好词佳句积累】 consider doing sth.考虑做某事 have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难 avoid doing sth.避免做某事 the reason why ...is/was that ...……的原因是……
2. One day, the teacher told her ________ a test.
A. take B. to take C. taking
3. The website for the bridge describes the walk across the bridge as “the most exciting 516 meters of your life”. Many tourists, they believe, will come ________ the fantastic experience of walking across.
A. enjoy B. enjoyed C. enjoying D. to enjoy
4. I expect each of you ________ a kite that means something important to you.
A. make B. to make C. making D. made
5. Young people are encouraged to work hard ________ their own dreams.
A. achieve B. achieves C. to achieve D. achieved
6. After long years of war, many people in Syria are homeless. I think it important ________ a peaceful world.
A. build B. not build C. to build D. not to build
7. I manage ________ some money on my own because I want to buy a tie as a gift for Dad.
A. saving B. to save C. saved
8. Our teacher often advises us ________ for a while every day. This can keep our brains active.
A. exercise B. exercising C. to exercise
9. Rather than be alone at home, I prefer ________ out with my friends and do sports with them.
A. to play B. playing C. played
10. When my mother was cooking, I couldn't help ________ a little because the smell was so wonderful.
A. eating B. eat C. to eat
B.语篇提能
和爷爷一起航行
Sheila really wanted to go camping. But this year, her family was saving money __1__ a new house. Sheila was sad when she found out her family couldn't afford __2__ her to camp. Instead, she had to spend the summer at the lake with her grandparents.
She walked down to the lake. Her grandfather was getting his boat ready. He saw that she looked a little sad. He asked if she wanted to learn how to sail(航行). Her grandfather said that it was a good idea _3_ something new.
“My grandfather taught me how to sail ，” he said. “Now, I plan __4__ my knowledge with you.”
Sheila listened carefully and expected __5__ the boat. She found that she loved sailing at that time. Although it was difficult for her __6__ the direction, Sheila still kept on learning.
“Do you want me __7__ you raise the main sail？” asked grandfather. The rope was pulled tightly by Sheila and she nodded. And she laughed as the sail caught the wind. She really hoped to have a good friend __8__ with at the moment. The lake was different from camp. Camp was noisy, because lots of kids shouted in the pool __9__ themselves.
Sheila suddenly felt lucky __10__ time with her grandfather. It was better than she had expected. She was learning new things and having fun.
1. A. buy B. buying C. to buy
2. A. send B. to send C. sending
3. A. learn B. learns C. to learn
4. A. share B. to share C. sharing
5. A. drive B. driving C. to drive
6. A. control B. controlling C. to control
7. A. help B. to help C. helping
8. A. plays B. to play C. playing
9. A. enjoy B. to enjoy C. enjoying
10. A. to spend B. spend C. spending
【语篇研读】 What：讲述了Sheila和爷爷共居时爱上航行的故事。 Why：旨在引导学生在假期体验不同的生活，培养积极向上的生活态度。 How：①文体特征：记叙文。 ②文章结构：本文的故事线为：Sheila未能如愿去露营反而去了爷爷家→爷爷教她如何航行→和爷爷一起度过假期后Sheila感觉很幸运，因为她学到了新事物。
【好词佳句积累】 buy sth. for sb.给某人买某物 rather than而不是 go camping去野营 be different from 和……不同
专题十四　非谓语动词
【即时训练】
1. B　2. A　3. C　4. C　5. C　6. C　7. B　8. C　9. A 10. A
【综合提升】
A. 1. C　2. B　3. D　4. B　5. C　6. C　7. B　8. C 9. A　10. A
B. 【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述的是Sheila由于家里没有足够的钱而不能去露营。然而在湖边和祖父度过夏天的经历让她感觉到比自己预料的更好，玩的更开心。
1. C　2. B　3. C　4. B　5. C　6. C　7. B　8. B　9. B　10. A　

展开更多......

收起↑