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专题十二　动词的时态
知识导图
考法精讲
初中阶段六种常考时态的构成及用法
时态 基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
一般 现在时 结构 1. 主语＋am/is/are 2. 主语＋动词原形/动词单三形式 1. 表示现阶段经常性的动作，常与频度副词连用。 2. 表示客观真理、客观存在或自然现象。如：The sun rises in the east and it sets in the west. 太阳从东边升起，从西边落下。 3. 表示现在的情况或状态。如：I enjoy playing games with my friends. 我喜欢和我的朋友们一起玩游戏。 4. 主将从现。用在以if, unless, as soon as, when, once, until等引导的条件状语和时间状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。如：I will tell him the good news when he comes back. 当他回来时，我将告诉他这个好消息。 5. 表示按计划或安排好的将要发生的动作，用一般现在时表将来，但仅限于start, begin, leave, go, come, arrive等词。如：You must pay for your course at least one month before it starts. 你必须在课程开始前至少一个月支付费用。
标志词 1. 频度副词(组)：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, hardly, twice a month, three times a day等 2. 其他词组：on Sundays, at weekends, every day等
注意：在宾语从句中，不管主句为何种时态，表示客观真理的从句都用一般现在时。 如：The teacher told us the earth goes around the sun.老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。
一般 过去时 (语法 选择： 2022．39， 2020．36) 结构 1. 主语＋was/were 2. 主语＋动词过去式 1. 表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态(2022.39，2020.36)。如：We went to the City Library last week. 我们上周去了市图书馆。 2. 表示过去常常或反复发生的动作，常与always, usually, often, sometimes, never等频度副词连用。如：He always took the time to explain things to me clearly whenever I couldn't understand anything. 每当我有什么听不懂的地方，他总是花时间给我解释清楚。 3. 在since引导的时间状语从句中，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。如：My uncle has worked in the company since he came to Guangzhou. 我叔叔自从到广州以来一直在这家公司工作。 4. 有些句子中没有明确表示过去时间的状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态，应当用一般过去时。如：What was the final score？最终的比分是多少？(说话时比分已经出来了)
标志词 1. ago及ago词组 2.yesterday 及yesterday词组 3. last及last词组 4. just now, in the past, in 1920等 5. at the age of..., used to...等 6. one day, long long ago, once upon a time等
续表
注意：always, every day, once a week等表示频度的词或短语也可以用于一般过去时，表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
【巧学妙记】 系动词be的用法： 我(I)用am， 你(you)用are， is连着他、她、它； 单数is，复数are； 否定其后加not； 疑问提前am，is, are。
【精选例句】 ①Computers are fast and seldom make mistakes.电脑速度快，而且很少出错。②Last year I went to the Hangzhou National Tea Museum.去年我去了杭州国家茶叶博物馆。
一般 将来时 (语法 选择： 2021．37 结构 主语＋will/shall/be going to＋动词原形 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态(2021.37)。如：Some scientists believe that there will be more robots in the future. 一些科学家相信未来会有更多的机器人。 2. be going to＋动词原形，表示计划、打算做某事，表示已经决定的、很可能发生的事或有某种迹象表明要发生的事。如：Look at the dark clouds. There is going to be a storm. (客观迹象)看那乌云。将要有一场暴风雨。 3. be doing，表示将来，常用于这种结构的动词有go, come, leave, stay, start, begin 等，表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。如：The bus is coming. 公共汽车来了。 4. “be about to＋动词原形”和“be to＋动词原形”结构，表示即将发生的动作。如：The plane is about to take off. 飞机就要起飞了。 5. 表示某种必然的趋势。如：Fish will die without water. 鱼没有水就会死。 6. 主将从现。[详解见本表格一般现在时]
标志词 1. tomorrow, soon, later 2. next week/month (next系列) 3. in a week, in 2035, in＋一段时间 4. one day, in the (near) future
注意：(1)am/is/are going to do常用于表示计划、打算或有迹象表明要发生的事情。 (2)shall表示将来的动作时仅用于主语为I/we的情况。 (3)there be的一般将来时是there is/are going to be或there will be，没有there is/are going to have或there will have。 (4)一般现在时和现在进行时也可以表示将来的动作。
【巧学妙记】 一般将来时的构成： will, shall加原形， 表示将来要发生； be going to加原形， 打算、计划要进行； 助动词提前表疑问， 后跟not是否定； 各种人称will均可用， shall仅用第一人称。
【精选例句】 ①I'm going to study computer science.我打算学习计算机科学。[人教八(上)Unit 6 P41] ②Bob is carrying a big basket of food.鲍勃正拿着一大篮子食物。[冀教七(上) Unit 5 P72]
续表
现在 进行时 (语法 选择： 2023．40) 结构 主语＋am/is/are＋动词的现在分词 1. 表示说话人说话时正在进行的动作。如：Someone is knocking at the door. Can you go and have a look 有人在敲门。你能去看看吗？ 2. 表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态(2023.40)。如：They are exercising hard this month. 他们这个月正在很努力地训练。 3. go, leave, arrive, start, come, begin, stop等动词用现在进行时表示马上要发生的事情。如：My uncle is leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我叔叔明天将去北京。 4. 表示计划或者安排好的将来要做的事情。如：I'm meeting Tom at the school gate this afternoon. 我下午将在学校门口和Tom见面。
标志词 1. now, right now 2. at present, at this time, at the/this moment等 3. these days 4. when, while 5. Look！/ Listen！
注意：系动词和表示情感、感觉的动词不用进行时，如：know, understand, love, hate, feel等。
过去 进行时 (往年单 项填空： 2018．40) 结构 主语＋was/were＋doing＋其他 1. 表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作(2018.40)。如：When you called, I was having a shower. 你打电话时，我正在洗澡。 2. 表示一个过去的动作发生时，另一个过去的动作正在进行。如：I was watering the flowers when it began to rain suddenly. 我正在给花浇水，突然开始下雨了。 3. 表示两个过去的动作同时进行。如：I was doing my homework while my mother was cooking. 我在写作业，我妈妈在做饭。
标志词 1. then 2. at that time, at ten yesterday, at this time yesterday等 3. when/while引导的表示过去时间的状语从句
续表
现在 完成时 (往年单 项填空： 2019．41， 2018．38) 结构 主语＋have/has＋ 动词的过去分词 1. 已完成用法：表示过去发生的动作或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如： —Have you finished your homework yet 你写完作业了吗？ —No, I haven't. 不，我还没有。 2. 未完成用法：表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态，也许还要持续下去，常和for, since连用，表示持续的动作或状态多为延续性动词(2019.41，2018.38)。如：My father has worked in the hospital for ten years. 我父亲已经在医院工作了十年。 3. 特殊用法： (1)have gone to 已去某地(未回)； have been to 曾去过某地(已回)； have been in已经在某地。 (2)短暂性动词(瞬间动词)可用于完成时，但不能与时间段(for..., since...)连用，如果句中有时间段，需要将短暂性动词转换为延续性动词。
标志词 1. already, ever, never, just, yet, still 2. recently, lately, so far, up to/till now 3. in the past/last three years/... 4. since 1998, since＋时间点 5. for three years, for＋一段时间
【精选例句】 ①I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.昨天这个时候我正在做家庭作业。[冀教九(全)Unit 4 P62] ②She has already read a lot about the place and done some research on it.她已经读了很多关于这个地方的书，并做了一些研究。
综合提升
语法选择
A. 小题夯基
1. These experiences have influenced David's life. Now he ________ space science.
A. study B. is studying C. was studying
2. Sometimes when she was so tired that she felt like crying, she would find a quiet place and cry out loud. She ________ herself that she still had a long way to go and that she should keep practicing.
A. tell B. tells C. told
3.Now, the city is hoping that the bridge ________ lots of tourists to the area.
A. bright B. will bring C. is bringing D. was bringing
4. Judie thought for a moment and ________， “Butterflies.”
A. answers B. answered C. will answer D. has answered
5.My father ________ in a panda protection center for 10 years, so he knows a lot about pandas.
A. was working B. is working C. has worked D. will work
6. It is said that the number of forest parks in Guangdong ________ to more than 1，000 so far.
A. increase B. increased C. has increased D. will increase
7. —I saw the light of your room was still on at two o'clock last night.
—Oh, I ________ a football match of the Russia World Cup.
A. watched B. was watched C. am watching D. was watching
8. Eric ________ many things since he became interested in science.
A. is learning B. was learning C. will learn D. has learned
9. The Shenzhou 15 astronauts ________ to Earth safely on June 4, 2023.
A. return　 B. returned　 C. will return
10. While we ________ an English song, some visitors came to our class.
A. sing B. will sing C. were singing
11. Some students ________ Taiji over there. Let's go and join them.
A. play　 B. played　 C. are playing
12. If you go to the concert with us tomorrow, you ________ a great time there.
A. have B. had C. will have
13. —I can't get in touch with Cindy. I'm a little worried.
— Take it easy. I noticed that she ________ stories to the kids in the classroom when I passed by.
A. tells B. is telling C. was telling
14. If you ________ a list for what you must do every day, you will manage your time better.
A. make B. have made C. is making
B.微语篇提能
懂事的查德
In the past, Chad seldom helped his mother with housework. However, this year he __1__ a big trouble which made him begin to change. Chad's dad had a car accident, so his mom had to support the family alone. When seeing his mom feel tired, Chad thought to himself, “I __2__ to change the difficult situation.” He began to do housework and __3__ money by cleaning the gardens in the neighborhood. However, Mom didn't want him to take on these burdens(负担) early, so she __4__ to accept his money. Chad told his mom, “You __5__ much for me. Now it's my turn to do something for you.” While his mom was sweeping the floor, he __6__ the clothes. Whenever he saw his mom doing something, he always offered to help.
Although Chad's family don't have much money now, they still __7__ a happy life. In his eyes, family is where life begins, and love never ends.
1. A. meet B. met C. will meet
2. A. try B. was trying C. will try
3. A. make B. makes C. has made
4. A. refuses B. refused C. has refused
5. A. do B. does C. have done
6. A. wash B. washed C. was washing
7. A. live B. lived C. will live
【语篇研读】 What：讲述了Chad因为家里的一次变故，从以前几乎不做家务到后来积极分担家务，还挣钱帮妈妈减轻负担的故事。 Why：旨在引导学生学会分担家务，关爱家人，积极承担家庭责任。 How：①文体特征：记叙文。 ②文章结构：本文的故事线为：Chad的爸爸发生了车祸，他妈妈不得不独自支撑家庭→Chad决定改变困境→Chad开始做家务、挣钱帮妈妈减轻负担→Chad生活不富裕但很幸福。
【好词佳句积累】 It is said that...据说…… more than多于 so far迄今为止 get in touch with sb.与某人联系 Take it easy.别紧张。 pass by经过；路过 in the past在过去
短文填空
　请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空。 注意每空一词，每词仅用一次。 有两词为多余项。
A. 小题夯基
1. Bob ________ us much advice about searching for useful information online yesterday.
2. Your face ________ pale, so you'd better go to see a doctor in a hurry.
3. Scientists have ________ the tallest tree in Asia.
4. With the improvement of science and technology, we are now ________ more about space.
5. My mother was ________ in the kitchen when I got home.
【好词佳句积累】 it's one's turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事了 offer to do sth.主动提出做某事 search for搜寻；寻找 see a doctor看医生 in a hurry匆忙；立刻，迅速地 with the improvement of science and technology随着科学技术的进步
B.微语篇提能
特殊的生日礼物
think　create　be　spend　show　come　like　ask　stay
It happened on a Sunday afternoon. When I was 1. ________ a birthday book for Dad about our family's fruit store, my mom walked over and saw my present for Dad. She said with a smile, “I'm sure your dad will 2. ________ this.”
I had painted many drawings within two hours and my room's floor was covered with other half finished drawings. Just as I was about to put away the birthday book, my friend Mareya 3. ________ up. She invited me to the park. Then we had a good time in the park. When I 4. ________ back, there was no drawing on my floor. I 5. ________ my mother who took away my paintings. “Sorry, I recycled the paper by mistake. I 6. ________ they were useless，” Mom said. I felt really sad. “How about working together to make something else for your father I can help you，” Mareya said. “Since your birthday book is supposed to be about the store, it will 7. ________ perfect to make balloons in the shape of fruits.” Mom suggested. We decided to make one big present.
【语篇研读】 What：讲述了作者的礼物错被妈妈回收处理后，在妈妈和朋友的帮助下作者重新制作水果气球给爸爸当 生日礼物的故事。 Why：旨在引导学生遇到问题时不退缩，不畏惧，发挥自己的主观能动性，积极寻找解决方法。 How：①文体特征：记叙文。 ②写作手法：本文运用了第一人称的叙述方式，并采用了对话的形式，准确地刻画了人物性格，推动了 故事情节的发展。
专题十二　动词的时态
【综合提升】
语法选择
A. 1. B　2. C　3. B　4. B　5. C　6. C　7. D　8. D 9. B　10. C　11. C　12. C　13. C　14. A
B. 【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Chad几乎不做家务，后来因为家里的一次变故，使他做出了很大改变，他想办法为父母分担家务并挣钱，因为他意识到家是一个充满爱的地方，我们都应该为它而努力。
1. B　2. C　3. A　4. B　5. C　6. C　7. A
短文填空
A. 1. gave　2. looks　3. found　4. exploring 5. cooking
B. 【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了“我”准备画一本关于“我”们家水果店的生日书送给爸爸作为生日礼物，但是母亲错将“我”的画作为垃圾回收。最后在母亲和Mareya的帮助下，“我”用这些纸糊制作了一个礼物送给父亲。文章通过这个故事告诉我们：遇到挫折我们不应害怕，应找问题，想方法，只有这样才能解决问题。
1. creating　2. like　3. showed　4. came　5. asked　6. thought　7. be

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