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专题九　冠 词
知识导图
考法精讲
命题点 1 不定冠词
1. 不定冠词 a和 an的区别
(1)a用在发音以辅音音素开头的单词之前；an则用在发音以元音音素开头的单词之前。注意：不定冠词只用于可数名词单数前。如： a beautiful dress, an umbrella。
(2)元/辅音音素≠元/辅音字母。下面梳理常见的前面用an和用a的形容词/名词：
Aa an actor/actress; an artist; an amazing movie; an American dancer; an angry woman; an anxious driver; an astronaut; an apple
续表
Ee a：a European country an：an exciting trip; an engineer; an egg; an excellent painter; an eight year old boy
Ii an idea; an important meeting; an interesting program
Oo an old man; an orange dress; an official; an outgoing girl
Uu a：a useful book; a university; a usual story an：an unhappy girl; an umbrella; an ugly man
特别记 an honest man; an hour; an honor
【拓展】
(1)针对考查某个单词中某个字母前冠词的用法时，应牢记在字母 a, o, i, e, f, h, l, m, n, r, s, x前要用an。如：There is an “e” in the word “excited”．在“excited”这个单词中有一个“e”。
(2)在部分数词前要用an, 主要有：8, 18, 80, 800, 11等。如：an 18 year old girl一个18岁的女孩。
2. 不定冠词的基本用法
用法 示例
用于首次提到的人或事物的名称前(2023.36) Mia bought a storybook. 米娅买了一本故事书。
指人或事物的某一类(2022.38, 2018.31) China is a great country. 中国是一个伟大的国家。
用于替代弱化的one(2021.35) It took us an hour to the park.我们花了一个小时到公园。
指某人或某物，但不具体指明何人或 何物 Sally found a girl playing the guitar in the park.莎莉发现公园里有一个正在弹吉他的女孩。
在such, quite, rather, half, what等词之后 It's unbelievable that technology has progressed in such a rapid way! 令人难以置信的是，科技进步如此之快！
用于序数词前，表示“又一，再一” I want a second cup of coffee. 我想再来一杯咖啡。
泛指“同类中的某一个人或物” I met a friend of mine today as I was in a hurry to work.今天我赶去上班的路上遇到了我的一个朋友。
用于一些物质名词前，表示“一种”、“一场(雨、风、雪等)” We were caught in a heavy rain.我们被一场大雨困住了。　
用于可视为一个整体的两个名词前 He eats with a knife and fork. 他用一副刀叉吃饭。
用于替代弱化后的per，表示“每一” I go to the movies once a month.我每个月都会去看一次电影。
【拓展】含不定冠词的固定搭配
动词 词组 have a fun time 玩得愉快come to an end结束give sb. a hand帮助某人have a look看一看have/take a rest/break 休息have/catch a cold感冒have a picnic去野餐have a try 试一试keep a diary记日记make a living谋生make a mistake 犯错make a speech 做演讲make a wish 许愿pay a visit (to)拜访take a bus 乘公共汽车
续表
介词 词组 as a result因此at a time 一次all of a sudden突然地in a hurry匆忙in a word 总而言之in a moment 立刻，一会儿
其他 词组 a period of一段……时期(2018.77) a few几个　a little 一点a lot of许多(2019.78)a kind of 一种half an hour半小时a number of许多a pair/piece/group/bottle of一双/张/组/瓶
【更多词块】 更多不定冠词a和an的常见搭配： as a matter of fact事实上 as a rule照例 in a minute马上 in a way在某种程度上 make a choice做选择 make a decision做决定 make an effort作出努力
即时训练
1. If you like to enjoy Tang culture, it's ________ good idea to go to Xi'an.
A. a B. an C. the
2. Kangkang wants to be ________ astronaut like Jing Haipeng in the future.
A. a B. an C. the
3. What ________ exciting moment! We won finally and got the first prize in the soccer game.
A. a B. an C. the
4. You'd better have ________ rest so that you can keep active to continue your work.
A. a B. an C. the
【好词佳句积累】 in the future在将来 get the first prize获得一等奖 so that为了；以便于
命题点 2 定冠词
用法 示例
用于由限制性定语所修饰的某些特指的人或事物前 The woman standing by the door is my English teacher.站在门口的那个女人是我的英语老师。
用于说话双方都知道的人或事物前 Let's go to the supermarket.我们去超市吧。
用在only, next, last, same等词前 the only child独生子女　　 the next month下个月
用于江河、海洋、山脉等专有名词前，或由普通名词构成的专有名词前(2019.31) the Yellow River黄河　　　 the Great Wall长城
续表
用于特指上文提到的人或物(2020.38) There is a cat. The cat is my aunt's.那有一只猫。这只猫是我阿姨的。
用在世界上独一无二的事物的名词前，这里所说的独一无二的事物是指各种天体及世界上比较有影响力的事物 The earth is a planet and it goes around the sun.地球是一颗 行星，它绕着太阳转。[外研八(下) Module 3 Unit 2 P20]
用于单数可数名词前，表示一类人或物 The shark is one of the most dangerous animals in the sea.鲨鱼是海里最危险的动物之一。
用于形容词前，表示一类人或事物 the old老人　　　the poor穷人
用在序数词前，表特指的比较级和最高级前(副词最高级前可以省略) It is known to all that China was the first to invent paper.众所周知中国是第一个发明纸张的。
用于表示演奏的乐器名词前 play the violin拉小提琴　　play the erhu拉二胡
用于姓氏复数前，表示一家人或夫妻 The Greens have been in Beijing for ten years. 格林一家在北京已经10年了。
用在表示地点、方向、时间、方式等名词前 Turn left, and to the west of the Lions' Area, you'll find the World of Birds.向左转，在狮子区以西，你会发现鸟类世界。[译林牛津七(下)Unit 4 P44]
用于集体名词前，表示某个集体中的全部 Will you cook for the family this evening？你今晚会为家人做饭吗？
用于物质名词前，表示具体的有别于其他的物质 Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。
【拓展】含定冠词的固定搭配
介词 词组 the week after next下下周　at the back of在……后边all the year round一年到头all the same仍然at the moment此刻　at the beginning of在……的开始at the age of在……岁时at the same time同时by the way顺便问一下　for the first time第一次 in the morning/afternoon在早上/下午in the past在过去in the end最后in the way挡道；碍事in the dark在黑暗中　on the right/left在右边/左边the day before yesterday前天with the help of在……的帮助下
动词 词组 go to the cinema/movies去看电影go to the station去车站tell the truth说实话
【巧学妙记】 用the的情况： 1．表示特指要用the； 2．次序、方位、最高级前； 3．世上物体独一个； 4．人或事物被再次提及时。
【更多词块】 更多定冠词the的常见搭配： around the world 世界各地 do the dishes 清洗餐具 follow the rules 遵守规则
命题点 3 零冠词
英语中在不少场合下名词前面是不需要冠词的，我们把这种现象称作“零冠词”。不用冠词的常见情况 见下表：
用法 示例
一日三餐、球类、语言、 学科、棋类、游戏名词前 after supper/dinner/breakfast/lunch晚饭/早饭/午饭后 play football/basketball/volleyball踢足球/打篮球/打排球 learn English学英语　　　　　play chess下(国际)象棋
与by连用的交通工具名称前 by train/bus乘火车/公共汽车
职位、头衔、称呼前 Danny is president of the student council at his school. Danny是他学校学生会的主席。
人名、地名、街道名、城市名、洲、省、机场以及大多数大学、公园、节日等专有名词前 William Shakespeare威廉·莎士比亚 Beijing Street北京路　　　　 Baiyun Airport白云机场
季节、月份、星期、节日前 in July在七月　　　　　 in summer在夏天 on Sunday在星期日　 on Father's Day在父亲节这天
名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词或名词所有格修饰时 that girl那个女孩　 my brother我的哥哥/弟弟 Mark's cap马克的帽子
不可数名词、名词复数泛指某类人或事物时 Elephants are smart animals.大象是聪明的动物。[人教七(下) Unit 5 P29]
【拓展】节日前一般不加冠词，但我国含有“Festival”的传统节日前要加the。
不含冠词的固定搭配如下：
介词词组 at home在家　at first/last 首先/最后　at night/noon在夜里/中午in fact事实上　in danger处于危险中in case of万一in time及时on time准时　　on foot 步行on holiday在度假　by mistake 错误地　from morning till night从早到晚
动词词组 go to bed去睡觉(2018.31)　　　have fun玩得开心　　　　 lose heart丧失信心
名词词组 day and night日日夜夜　　　 face to face 面对面　　　 hand in hand手拉手
【巧学妙记】 用零冠词的情况： 三餐学科球与棋； 季节月份星期前； 称谓头衔不可数； 其前莫用冠词the。
综合提升
语法选择
A. 小题夯基
1. David has been to many space camps over eight years. Last month, he went to ________ new space camp.
A. a B. an C. the
2. Sometimes when Wang Yiyi was so tired that she felt like crying, she would find ________ quiet place and cry out loud.
A. a B. an C. the
【好词佳句积累】 have/ has been to去过某地(已经回来了) so...that...如此……以至于…… feel like doing sth.想要做某事
3. Along the river, there's ________ eight kilometer wooden walkway.
A. / B. a C. an D. the
4. _______ Great Wall is one of the seven wonders of the world.
A. The B. A C. An D. /
5. On the ground of the village, Grandpa Huang has painted ________ lot of well known Chinese sayings.
A. a B. an C. the
6. ________ new study says that going to ________ bed late is harmful to our health.
A. /, / B. A, / C. A, the D. The, the
7. One of the most interesting things for me is to play ________ guitar.
A. a B. an C. the
8. Peter is such ________ excellent boy that we all like to work with him.
A. a B. an C. the
9. Take your umbrella, or you'll get wet and might have ________ cold.
A. a B. an C. the
10. If you want to play ________ piano well, you'd better learn about the musical notes first. A thousand mile trip begins with one step.
A. a B. an C. the
11. Hide and seek is ________ interesting game for children. Children usually make friends when playing it.
A. a B. an C. the
【好词佳句积累】 be harmful to 对……有害 such a/an＋adj.＋n.＋that从句 如此……以至于…… A thousand mile trip begins with one step. 千里之行，始于足下。
B. 微语篇提能
When Aryna Sabalenka first entered the WTA Tour, she fully showed what she was good at. She shouted at every winner. __1__ Belarusian tennis player is very talented.
But her serves(发球) in __2__ first half of the 2022 season were terrible. The failure led Sabalenka to question her own abilities. The 24 year old girl came to understand that talent alone does not make __3__ winner.
She realized that being __4__ strong competitor was about how hard she worked. She tried her best to overcome the difficulties. So, at __5__ beginning of the 2023 season, Sabalenka has kept her cool throughout the games.
Sabalenka wants to become __6__ active player. Fighting, she says, is to keep thinking about what you have to do. It is to keep working hard even when you are in __7__ difficult time. Once you understand this, you will win, too.
1. A. A B. An C. The
2. A. a B. an C. the
3. A. a B. an C. /
4. A. a B. an C. /
5. A. a B. an C. the
6. A. a B. an C. the
7. A. a B. an C. the
【语篇研读】 What：讲述了白俄罗斯网球运动员Aryna Sabalenka经历一次比赛后，意识到只靠天赋不能造就成功者。最终她克服困难，并于2023年在澳网上获得女单冠军的故事。 Why：旨在引导学生在遇到挫折时保持冷静，以积极的心态面对困难。 How：①文体特征：记叙文。 ②语言特点：文章以时间顺序展开，使用了“first entered the WTA Tour”，“in the first half of the 2022 season”以及“at the beginning of the 2023 season”等时间状语将内容串联起来，使文章逻辑更清晰。
专题九　冠 词
【即时训练】
1. A　2. B　3. B　4. A
【综合提升】
A. 1. A　2. A　3. C　4. A　5. A　6. B　7. C　8. B　9. A　10. C　11. B
B. 【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了白俄罗斯网球运动员Aryna Sabalenka经历一次教训后，最终意识到天赋不是成功的唯一因素。于是她克服问题，并于2023年，在澳网上夺得女单冠军的故事。
1. C　2. C　3. A　4. A　5. C　6. B　7. A

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