资源简介

专题七　介 词
知识导图
考法精讲
命题点 1 介词的基本用法
1. 常用时间介词
(1)at, on, in
介词 用法 示例
at 用于具体的时间点(钟点)前或 某些词组中 at half past ten　　　　 at six o'clock at night/noon at first/last
续表
on 用于具体的某一天或具体某 一天的上午、下午、晚上前 on the evening of May 1st on a cold winter morning
用于星期或节日前 on Monday/Tuesday　 　　on Children's Day
in 用于世纪、年、月、四季前或 泛指的上午、下午、晚上前 in the 21st century　　　 in 2022 in spring　　　　　　　 in the morning
注意：in＋一段时间(2018.71, 2018.33)，表示“在……之后”，常与将来时连用。 如：Bob will get to Zhuhai in an hour. Bob一个小时后将到达珠海。
【巧学妙记】 年月周前要用in， 日子前面却不行。遇到几号要用on， 上午下午又是in。 要说某日上下午， 把in换on才可以。 午夜黄昏用at， 黎明用它也不错。 at也在时分前， 说“差”可要用上to。
(2)其他时间介词
介词 含义及用法 示例
before 表示“在……之前”，后接时间点 Remember to turn off the lights before leaving the room. 离开房间前记得关灯。
after 表示“……之后”，后接时间段，常与过去时连用 Lucy finished the task after two days. 露西两天后完成了任务。
表示“……之后”，后接具体时间点，常与将来时连用 I'll call you back after 10：00.十点后我会打回给你。
until 表示“直到……为止”，用于肯定句中，谓语动词用延续性动词 You must wait until 8 o'clock.你必须等到八点。
表示“直到……才”，用于否定句中，谓语动词用瞬间性动词 Alice didn't go to bed until 10 o'clock. 直到十点，爱丽丝才上床睡觉。
during 表示“在……期间”，与延续性动词连用，表示一段时间内的动作 I want to visit my grandparents during the May Day holiday.我想在五一假期去看望我的祖父母。
from 常用结构：from...to...，表示“从……到……”，谓语动词可用过去、现在或将来时 Students go to school from Monday to Friday. 学生们周一到周五上学。
续表
by 表示“不迟于……”，指最迟在某一时刻或某一日期之前，后跟时间点，常与完成时连用 We had learned 1，000 English words by the end of last term.到这学期期末，我们已经学了1000个英语单词。
For (2021.67) “for＋一段时间”，强调某动作或状态持续了多长时间，可与过去、现在、将来等多种时态连用，谓语动词须用延续性动词 Tina has been in Guangzhou for two years.(时间段)＝Tina has been in Guangzhou since last year.(时间点)蒂娜已经来广州两年了。
since 表示“自从，自……以来”，指从某一时间一直延续至今，后跟时间点，通常与完成时连用 Chinese paper cutting has been a popular art since thousands of years ago.(时间点) ＝Chinese paper cutting has been a popular art for thousands of years.(时间段)中国剪纸自古以来就是一门流行的艺术。
注意：since用作连词时，引导时间状语从句。如：Great changes have taken place here since Tina left. 自从Tina离开后，这里发生了很大的变化。
【精选例句】 ①Well, it's 9：00 p．m. in New York, and it's the night before the festival.现在纽约是晚上九点，这是节日的前一天晚上。②I'm really tired because I studied until midnight last night.我真的很累，因为我昨晚学习到半夜。 ③However, if you go to see lions, tigers or foxes during the daytime, they'll probably be asleep！然而，如果你在白天去看狮子、老虎或者狐狸，它们可能在睡觉。
2. 地点和方位介词
(1)表示地点时， at与in的区别
①at用于小地方前(如：村庄、小城镇、门牌等)，还可表示“在……(点)”，强调把某个地方、地点当作一个点。如：at home 在家； Lucy lives at No.27, Renmin Road. 露西住在人民路27号。
②in用于大地方前(如：国家、城市等)(2022.31，2022.69)，还可表示“在(某个范围或空间内)的某一点”和“在……内”。如：in China 在中国；in the world 在世界上。
(2)表示两地位置相对时， in, on与to的区别
　　　　
(3)表示 “上、下 ”： over, under, on, above与below
介词 含义及用法 示例
over “在……正上方”，表示两者不接触 We can build a bridge over the river. 我们可以在这条河上建一座桥。
under “在……正下方”， 表示两者不接触 My little dog is lying under the tree. 我的小狗正躺在树下面。
on “在……上”，指与物体表面接触 Jim's schoolbag is on his chair.吉姆的书包在他的椅子上。
above “在……的上方”，表示两者不接触，不一定垂直 The plane is flying above the clouds.飞机在云层上 飞行。
below “在……的下方”，表示两者不接触，不一定垂直 The coat reaches below the knees.这件大衣盖过膝盖。
(4)表示运动方向的介词： across, over, through与past
介词 含义及用法 示例
across 从一边到另一边，指从表面通过。 Let's go across the bridge.让我们过桥吧。
over 指从上方经过、跨越。 Look! A bird is flying over the high wall.看！一只鸟飞过了高墙。
through 指从空间内穿过。 The ball went out through the window.球从窗户飞出去了。
past 指从旁边经过。 I often go past a shop when I go home.回家时，我经常路过一家商店。
【精选例句】 ①Nowadays, millions of Chinese leave the countryside to search for work in the cities.如今，数以百万计的中国人离开农村到城市找工作。 ②The English books are under the radio.英语书在收音机下面。 ③And because of the bad weather, we couldn't see anything below.因为天气不好，我们看不到下面的任何东西。 ④I got out of the car, went through a gate and walked along a dark path. 我下了车，穿过一扇门，沿着一条漆黑的小路走着。
(5)表示 “在……之间”：between与among
介词 含义及用法 示例
between (2021.34) “在……中间”，一般指两者之间 There is a playground between the two buildings.两栋楼之间有一个操场。
among 一般用于三者或三者以上的“在……之间” These houses are hidden among the trees.这些房子隐藏在树林之中。
(6)表示 “在……前面”： in front of与in the front of
介词短语 用法 示例
in front of 在物体外部的前面 There is a tall tree in front of my house.我房子的前面有一棵高树。(树在房子外)
in the front of 指物体内部的前部 There is a large blackboard in the front of the classroom.教室前面有一块大黑板。(黑板在教室里面)　
(7)表示 “旁边 ”： by, beside与near
介词 含义及用法 示例
by “在……旁边”，较near更近 My house is by the river.我家在河边。
beside “近旁；紧靠”，相当于next to Come on and sit beside me.过来，坐在我旁边。
near “在……附近”，可以表示空间、时间关系等 Tom sits near the window.汤姆坐在窗户附近。
3. 方式介词
(1) in, on, by与with表示“用”的区别
介词 用法 示例
in 表示使用某种语言或某种材料，且名词前不用冠词 in English用英语 in ink 用墨水
on 后跟具体的通讯工具或电子产品 on the radio通过收音机　 on TV通过电视
by 表示用某种手段或方式，在名词前不加冠词，接动词的 ing形式 by listening to music通过听音乐 by reading aloud 通过大声朗读
with 后跟具体的工具或手段等名词 with a knife用一把小刀
(2) in, on与by表示交通方式
一般情况下用“by＋交通工具的单数名词”来表示。如果介词与表示交通工具的名词之间有限定词，则介词不能用by，要用in或者on。具体如下：
by bus＝on...bus　 　 by bike＝on...bike　 　 by plane＝on...plane　 　 by train＝on...train
by ship＝on...ship by boat＝in...boat by car＝in...car by subway＝on...subway
如：He went to the cinema by bike /on a bike last night.他昨晚骑自行车去的电影院。
【精选例句】 ①As she got better, she dared to sing in front of her class, and then for the whole school.当她变得更外向的时候，她敢于在全班同学面前唱歌，然后为全校师生唱歌。 ②They see a statue of a mother with a baby beside the Yellow River.他们在黄河边看到一个母亲抱着婴儿的雕像。
4. 其他常见介词
介词 含义及用法 示例
against 表示“反对；违背；反抗；与……竞争”，其反义词为for My school basketball team played against yours and we won. 我学校的篮球队对抗你们队，并且我们赢了。
about 表示“关于；大约” We asked our students about their free time activities. 我们问了同学们关于他们空闲时间的活动。
beyond 表示“超出；多于；为……所不及”，指范围、水平、能力等 My deskmate's bad behavior is beyond a joke. 我同桌的不良行为超出了玩笑的范围。
like 表示“像；例如” Jane likes many sports, like running and swimming. 简喜欢许多运动，比如跑步和游泳。
toward(s) 表示“朝，向，对着” There is a trend towards pursuing much healthier eating habits among different industries. 不同行业都有追求更健康饮食习惯的趋势。
as 作为；以……身份，表示事实 As her best friend, I must help her. 作为她最好的朋友，我 必须帮助她。
from 源自，从……起，表示来源 I am from a small town in Guangdong. 我来自广东的一个 小镇。
including 包括；包含，后接名词或代词 There are 10 people including you. 包括你在内有10个人。
except 表示“除……之外”，指整体中除去一部分，表示减去的概念 We all went to a study trip except Li Lei. 除了李磊，我们都去研学旅行了。
with (2020.31， 2019．33) 表示“和……一起；具有”等意思 China is a country with a long history. 中国是一个历史悠久的国家。
without 表示“没有”，与with相反 Tim found the place without difficulty. 吉姆毫不费力地找到了那个地方。
of 关于；……的，表示所属 The man over there is a friend of my father's. 那边的男士是我父亲的一位朋友。
for 给……，对……(而言)；为了……，表示对象，目的等 Let me take a photo for you. 让我为你拍张照片。
【真题例句解读】 例句：(2019单项填空33题) I think tea will taste better ________ some milk in it. A. for B. with C. from D. at 广东省卷中考在往年单项填空中考查介词的基本用法。根据句意及语法知识可知，介词with有“具有，带有”之意，此处指茶里面加了牛奶。故选B。
即时训练
Ⅰ.单项填空
1. It's dangerous to stand ________ the trees when lightning. You should go to a safe place.
A. inside B. over C. under
2. Mount Huang is ________ the south of Anhui, and it's one of the most famous mountains in China.
A. in B. at C. on
3. The airplane flew ________ our house and we could hear the loud noise.
A. along B. over C. through
4. The school art show will be held ________ Thursday. We can see lots of great paintings then.
A. in B. on C. at
5. The English corner usually starts ________ 5：30 every Wednesday afternoon.
A. from B. past C. at
Ⅱ.方框选词(有两词为多余项)
6. There are lots of online courses for us, so we can improve ourselves ________ having some of them.
7. Nancy is interested in translating. She has translated many poems ________ English.
8. I love all sports ________ swimming, because I am afraid of water.
9. Other students are studying. So let's discuss the question _______ a low voice.
【好词佳句积累】 one of the＋形容词最高级＋名词复数，表示“最……之一” the school art show学校艺术展 lots of许多；大量 be afraid of害怕 in a low voice低声地
命题点 2 介词短语及固定搭配
介词 常考短语
in in a hurry匆忙；急忙in common共同的；共有的in danger处于危险之中 in English用英语in fact确切地说；事实上；实际上 in half分成两半in line排成一行 in need在危难中in one's opinion依某人看来 in order 整齐；秩序井然in order to目的是；为了 in other words换句话说in person亲身；亲自 in public公开地
in in return 作为回报 in short 总之 in silence沉默；无声 in space 在太空中(2023.34) in the end最后 in the face of 面对(问题、困难等) in this way以这种方式 in time及时 in turn依次；轮流 in total 总共；合计 in trouble处于困境中(＝ in need )
on on board在船(火车、飞机)上 on business出差on foot步行 on holiday度假on one's own独立地；独自 on purpose故意地on sale出售；降价出售on show展出on the other hand 另一方面on time 准时on weekends/the weekend(在)周末
at at the age of在……岁时(2020.67)at home在家at last最后at least至少at present 现在，目前at times 偶尔，有时at once马上at school在上课；在上学at first起初；开始at the beginning of 在……的开端at the end of 在……的末尾at the top of在……顶端at the bottom of在……底部
其他 above all首先rom在……对面after all毕竟all in all总而言之as a matter of fact事实上as a result结果是as for至于；关于as usual像往常一样because of因为(2019.72)by the way顺便问一下for example例如from...to...从……到……instead of代替；反而of course当然the same as和……一样to be honest说实话to one's surprise令某人惊讶的是to start with首先，作为开始
【更多词块】 介词与名词的搭配： (1)on on(a) holiday/vacation在度假 (2)at at breakfast在吃早餐 at work在工作 at hand在手边，在附近 at noon在中午 at the risk of...冒着……的危险 (3)by by accident偶然 by chance偶然 by hand手工 by mistake错误地 (4)其他介词短语： in front of...在……前面(外部) with the help of...在 ……的帮助下 其他介词短语： according to根据 such as例如
即时训练
10. We have celebrated the art festival for 15 days ________ total and each day has different activities.
11. According ________ folk stories, Dongpo Pork became well known when Su Dongpo went to Hangzhou, Zhejiang, to take office.
12. Now people know about big events in a quick way through the Internet instead ________ newspapers.
13. We must be careful when crossing the road. ________ all, safety comes first.
14. If you borrow something from others, you'd better return it ________ time.
15. When you are in danger, it's important to make yourself calm(使平静) down ________ first.
【好词佳句积累】 know about知道；了解 through the Internet通过互联网 be careful小心 borrow sth. from sb.向某人借某物 (be) in danger处于危险当中
综合提升
语法选择
A. 小题夯基
1. He and his parents were invited to a Family Space Camp. They had a taste of what it was like to travel ________ space.
A. on B. in C. for
2. Wang Yiyi is an excellent Beijing Opera(京剧) artist. She was born and raised ________ a village in Hebei province.
A. in B. for C. with
3. The bridge runs ________ two mountains. At its highest point, it is 175 meters off the ground.
A. under B. among C. between
4. Judie's class was studying Chinese culture. One day, her teacher went into the classroom ________ some kites.
A. to B. in C. with
5. —How soon will we get the offer from a new high school
— ________ about two months.
A. In B. For C. Among
6.Do whatever you can for the community, ________ looking after the old or teaching kids art.
A. with B. over C. like
7. When the little boy saw his mother, he ran ________ her with joy.
A. against B. towards C. into
8. My parents often warn me ________ talking with strangers.
A. against　　 B. with C. by
9. To improve our reading ability, our teacher asks everyone to share a book report ________ Mondays.
A. in B. at C. on
10. Walking ________ the road, we find that the birds prefer to live away from the city in the forest.
A. behind B. along C. near
11. We'd better brush teeth ________ least twice a day to keep them healthy.
A. at B. in C. from
12. The school is not far away from my home, so I go to school ________ foot every day.
A. by B. on C. with
13. I used to think it was easy to play the erhu. ________ fact, it was very difficult.
A. For B. To C. In
【好词佳句积累】 talk with sb.和某人交谈 prefer to do sth.更喜欢做某事 We'd better (not) do sth.我们最好(不要)做某事 brush teeth刷牙
B. 微语篇提能
On a bright and sunny spring morning, I went to a park __1__ my parents. When we walked __2__ the park, I saw a pretty sea of flowers stretched(延伸) out as far as my eyes could see. The sun had woken up these colorful flowers. We breathed fresh air and listened to the soft singing __3__ the lovely birds. And we felt the wind blowing gently __4__ our hair. These made us really relaxed. Then, I looked at the water __5__ the river, and it was running. I also saw many children playing games together happily. And there were some little dogs chasing(追逐) __6__ the grass. How peaceful it was! 长难句I thought how lucky I was to see the beauty of nature and got an unforgettable experience in life.
1. A. for B. against C. with
2. A. into B. at C. to
3. A. on B. of C. in
4. A. over B. across C. through
5. A. in B. on C. over
6. A. by B. to C. on
【长难句分析】 I thought how lucky I was to see the beauty of nature and got an unforgettable experience in life. 析成分：本句为主从复合句。how lucky I was...in life为省略了that的宾语从句，作thought的宾语；在宾语从句中，how lucky I was...为how引导的感叹句。 句意：我想我是多么幸运，看到了大自然的美丽，得到了一次难忘的人生经历。
【语篇研读】 What：讲述了在一个晴朗的春天的早晨，作者和父母去公园散步的所见所闻以及感受。 Why：旨在引导学生亲近大自然，感受大自然的美。 How：①文体特征：记叙文。 ②写作手法：文章采用了拟人的修辞手法，如“The sun had woken up these colorful flowers.”，生动形象地描述了作者看到的美景，增加了文章的生动性与趣味性。 ③语言特点：文章使用了“relaxed”，“peaceful”，“lucky”及“unforgettable”等词，生动地描述了作者内心的感受。
短文填空
　请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空。 注意每空一词，每词仅用一次。 有两词为多余项。
A. 小题夯基
Group 1
1. Tea is mostly produced ________ Asian countries like China and India.
2. He is William, an American who has lived in China ________ 33 years.
3. Jane took part in a winter camp ________ the age of eight.
4. The village became popular because ________ Grandpa Huang's hard work.
Group 2
5. Some valuable lessons he learnt as a child have strongly influenced him ________ his later life.
6. My father always expresses his love ________ me silently through action.
7. Steve wants to be a volunteer at the old people's home because he is good ________ old people.
8. Learning ________ your mistakes and correcting them right away are the key to success.
9. I understood my parents more after working in the field ________ the summer holiday.
【好词佳句积累】 a winter camp冬令营 hard work艰苦的工作 right away立刻；马上 the key to success成功的关键
B.微语篇提能
[语篇类型·书信]
Dear Susan，
I'm sorry to hear that you have to leave your grandmother and move 1. ________ a new city. Separation is sad, but it's something that everyone goes through.
Life is chapter(章节) by chapter, and chapters always end. And you're about to enter a new chapter 2. ________ your parents. Value the time you spend with them, and make up for the time lost.
It's common 3. ________ us to experience the changing parts of life. And your success depends largely 4. ________ how you get used to them. Moving to the new city is a good practice for you. 长难句Everything will change again when you have other unexpected surprises that appear 5. ________ your life.
Good luck on starting your new chapter! And you will never know—this new chapter might even be better than the last. I believe you can manage it and live a happier life!
Yours，
Matt
【长难句分析】 Everything will change again when you have other unexpected surprises that appear in your life. 析成分：本句为主从复合句。when you have other unexpected...为when引导的时间状语从句；在时间状语从句中， that appear in your life为that引导的定语从句，先行词为surprises。 句意：当你的生活中出现其他意想不到的惊喜时，一切都会再次改变。
【语篇研读】 What：讲述了Susan因为离开祖母而伤心，她的朋友Matt安慰她的故事。 Why：旨在引导学生学会接受生活中的一些变化，调整心态勇敢面对。 How：①文体特征：应用文(书信)。 ②语言特点：文章在讲述Matt安慰朋友学会接受生活中的变化时，使用“Life is chapter(章节) by chapter, and chapters always end.”等句子，使文章的表达更加生动、形象。
专题七　介 词
【即时训练】
1. C　2. A　3. B　4. B　5. C　6. by　7. into　8. except　9. in　10. in　11. to　12. of　13. After　14. on　15. at
【综合提升】
语法选择
A. 1. B　2. A　3. C　4. C　5. A　6. C　7. B　8. A　9. C　10. B　11. A　12. B　13. C
B. 【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在一个阳光明媚的春天的早晨和父母在公园散步的所见所闻及感受。
1. C　2. A　3. B　4. C　5. A　6. C
短文填空
A．1. in　2. for　3. at　4. of　5. in　6. for　7. with　8. from　9. during
B. 【主旨大意】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了Susan离开祖母而伤心，她的朋友Matt安慰她并且让她学会接受生活中的一些改变的故事。
1. to　2. with　3. for　4. on　5. in

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