备考2024届高考英语一轮复习考点通关第二部分学透语法突破句法篇专题六特殊句式考点1-3(3份打包)

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备考2024届高考英语一轮复习考点通关第二部分学透语法突破句法篇专题六特殊句式考点1-3(3份打包)

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考点一 倒 装
一、全部倒装
  把谓语完全放在主语之前的现象叫全部倒装。全部倒装常用于以下情况:
1.方位副词(如here,there等),时间副词(如now,then等)以及表示趋向的副词(如in,out,away,up,down,off等)位于句首,且句子主语是名词时。
Here is Mr Wang.王先生来了。
Now comes your turn.现在该你了。
Up went the rocket into the air.火箭升空了。
2.表示地点的介词短语位于句首,句子谓语动词是表示存在意义的不及物动词(如lie,stand,live,sit,exist等),且句子主语为名词时。
On her left sat her daughter.她左边坐着她的女儿。
Beyond the river lives a hunter.有个猎人住在河对岸。
注意 若句子主语是代词,则句子不倒装。如:Here they are.他们在这儿。
On top of the mountain   stands (stand) an ancient building which dates back to hundreds of years ago.
二、部分倒装
  只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词或情态动词)置于主语之前的现象叫部分倒装。构成部分倒装结构时,如果谓语部分无情态动词或be动词,则要找助动词来"帮助"构成倒装句。常用于以下几种情况:
1.具有否定意义的词或短语位于句首时,句子要部分倒装。常见的词或短语有:hardly, seldom, rarely, scarcely, little, never, in no way,by no means, in no case,on no account, under no circumstances等。
On no account should the house be left unlocked. 离开住宅时千万要锁门。
2."only+状语(从句)"置于句首时,句子(或复合句中的主句)一般要部分倒装。若only不修饰状语,句子不倒装。
Only in the morning can you meet him.你只有在早晨才能见到他。
Only after he died did people begin to appreciate his works.只有在他死了之后人们才开始欣赏他的作品。
3.as/though引导让步状语从句时的倒装情况:
其结构为:表语/状语/动词原形+as/though+主语+其他.
注意 although引导让步状语从句时,从句不可倒装。
Old as/though he is, he works like a young man.他虽然老了,但工作起来像个年轻人。
4."hardly/scarcely...when..., no sooner...than..."结构中,当hardly/scarcely, no sooner位于句首时,when/than前的内容要部分倒装,其后的内容不倒装。
No sooner had she gone out than the telephone rang.她刚出去电话就响了。
5.not until置于句首时,句子(或复合句中的主句)要部分倒装。
Not until Father came back did we begin to have supper. 直到父亲回来我们才开始吃晚饭。
6.①not only...but(also)...连接两个并列分句,且not only置于句首时,not only所在的分句要部分倒装。
②neither...nor...连接两个并列分句,且neither和nor分别位于分句句首时,两个分句都要部分倒装。
Not only did he make a promise, but also he kept it.他不仅许了诺言,而且也遵守了这个诺言。
Neither do I know what has happened,nor do I care about it. 我不知道发生了什么,我也不关心。
7."so/such...that..."结构中的so,such 连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时,主句要用部分倒装,that引导的从句不倒装。
So important is the exam tomorrow that I cannot fall asleep. 明天的考试如此重要以至于我睡不着觉。
"Never for a second," the boy says, "  did (do) I doubt that my father would come to my rescue."
—How was the weather then?
—Hardly   had (have) I stepped off the plane when it started to rain.考点五 There be句型
  There be句型表示"(某处/某时)有……",there本身没有词义,be是系动词,be后面的名词或代词是主语。
一、There be句型中的be
  There be句型中的be在人称和数上应与其后的主语保持一致;主语为并列结构时,be的人称和数遵循"就近原则"。be可以有不同的时态,还可以与助动词和情态动词连用。
Once there   were (be) two poor woodsmen who made a living by collecting woods.
There   will be (be) a new hospital nearby in the near future.
There   are (be) a number of creative inventions being exhibited in the centre.
二、There be句型的变式
  There be句型中的be有时可用seem/happen/appear to be, remain, stand, exist, live等替换。
Once upon a time there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.从前在海边的一个村庄里住着一位老渔夫。
三、There be句型的非谓语形式
  There be句型中的be也可以以不定式(to be)或v-ing形式(being)出现在句子中。there to be可以作动词的宾语,there being在句中作主语、宾语或状语。
There being a bus stop near the school is a great convenience to students.学校附近有一个公交站点,这对学生来说非常便利。(主语)
I wish there to be a good chance to go abroad.我希望有一个出国的好机会。(宾语)
There   being (be) neither gas nor electricity at home, we had to go to the nearest restaurant to have lunch.
四、含There be的固定句型考点四 感叹句
一、what型感叹句:what修饰名词
What+
What a wonderful story (it is)!多精彩的一个故事啊!
What beautiful flowers (they are)!多漂亮的花儿啊!
二、how型感叹句:how修饰形容词、副词
How+
How clever she is!她多么聪明啊!
How fast he ran!他跑得多快啊!
How interesting a film we saw!我们看了一部多么有趣的电影啊!
The little boy came riding his bicycle at full speed down the motorway.   What a dangerous scene it was!
  How  glad I was that he was sitting next to me!
Mr Smith saved an old lady out of the river.   What  great courage he showed!
  How  rapidly science and technology develop! Some high-tech products we imagined years ago have come true now.考点三 祈使句
  祈使句用来表达说话人的请求、命令、建议、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称(通常省略),常见的祈使句有以下几种形式:
形式及含义 例句
肯定式 动词原形(+宾语)(+其他). Come in, please!
Be+表语(+其他). Be a good kid!
Let+宾语+动词原形(+其他). Let me have a look.
强调式 Do+动词原形(+其他). 该句型常意为"务必做某事"。 Do tell her about it. Do be careful next time!
常用句型:祈使句+and/or/破折号+陈述句. 该句型中陈述句通常用一般将来时。 Hurry up or we’ll be late for school. Try some of this juice — perhaps you’ll like it.
Study (study) for thirty minutes every day instead of two hours once a week. This habit will help keep English in your brain fresh.考点二 强 调
一、强调句型
1.强调句型概览:
注意 判断一个句子是否为强调句时,可把It is/was和that/who去掉,若剩下的部分仍能组成一个完整的句子,且意义符合逻辑,那么该句就是强调句,否则就不是。
It is my brother who/that likes jazz.喜欢爵士乐的是我弟弟。(强调主语)
It was before he went to London that he had learned English.他是在去伦敦之前学的英语。(强调时间状语从句)
2.not...until的强调句型:It is/was not until...that...
It was not until I told Jack everything that he understood why I was angry with him.直到我把一切都告诉杰克,他才明白我为什么生他的气。
It   was (be) with the help of the local guide that the mountain climber was rescued.
It was in this new hall   which/that was just set up last month   that we held an important meeting yesterday.
二、do型强调结构
He does know the place well.他的确熟悉这个地方。

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