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9B U4 Life on Mars
【Integrated skills& Study skills 】重点单词
1.carry out 开展；执行
2.percentage n.百分率；百分数
3. disadvantage n. 劣势，缺点，不利条件 →(反义词)advantage n.优势，有利条件
◆have the advantage over 优于，比……占优势
◆take advantage of 利用 ◆to one's advantage 对某人有利
4. risk n.风险,危险 →(近义词)danger n.危险 →(反义词)safety n.安全 →risk vt.冒......的危险 →risky adj.有危险的
◆take a risk/risks 冒险 vt. 冒险做 ◆risk doing sth. 冒险做某事
5.after all 毕竟
【Integrated skills& Study skills 】重点短语
1.carry out 开展；执行
2.move away from 离开……，搬离.....
3.get ill from... 因......生病
4.far away from 离……远；远离......
5.start(…)with 以……开始(……)
6.such as 例如，比如
7.be worried about(= worry about) 为……而担心
8.be afraid of (doing) sth. 害怕(做)某事
9.Would you like to do sth. = Do you want to do sth. 你想做某事吗？
10.be worth (doing) sth. 值得(做)某事
11.after all 毕竟；终究
12.have/has been to sp. 去过……
13.a different kind of 一种不同的......
14.in order to do sth. = so as to do sth. 为了做......
15.make a plan to do sth. = plan to do sth. 计划做某事
16.practise (doing )sth. 练习(做)某事
17.keep an English diary 记英语日记
18.keep a diary/diaries 记日记
19.try to do sth. 尽力做某事
【Integrated skills& Study skills 】重点句型
1.Percentage of students who would like to move away from the Earth…想搬离地球的学生的百分率……
2.But I missed the first part of it. 但我错过了开头部分。
3.It started with a discussion about a survey. 它以一个关于一项调查的讨论开始。
4.However,some other students were worried about living there. 然而，其他一些学生对在那儿生活感到担忧。
5.They were even afraid of aliens there. 他们甚至害怕那里的外星人。
6.I'm not sure if it's worth the risk. 我不确定是否值得冒这个险。
7.After all,humans have already been to the Moon. 毕竟，人类已经去过月球了。
8.Can you answer listening questions correctly 你能正确回答听力问题吗
9.I often speak English well in class,but I still need to practise more. 在课堂上，我经常说英语说得很好，但我仍然需要多练习。
10.Grammar rules are difficult,so l will keep an English diary and try to use the new grammar rules I have learnt.
语法规则很难，所以我要记英语日记，并尽力使用我已学过的这些新语法规则。
11.I plan to watch English TV programmes every weekend in order to improve my listening skills.
为了提高我的听力技能，我计划每个周末观看英语电视节目。
Integrated skills &Study skills Key points
01.carry out
[教材原句] Survey carried out in… 调查开展地点……
[考点精析] carry out 开展；执行；履行；实施；完成(任务)
carry out为固定短语，含有按照某个要求或准则进行的意思，后面常加表示工作、活动、职责、命令等的名词。
◆carry out one’s order 执行某人的命令
◆carryout different kinds of activities 开展各种各样的活动
[联想拓展] carry on 指继续某种已经发生的动作或行为，常译成“继续做；坚持做”。
◆carry on 继续做；坚持做
[单选常考混淆辨析]
A.try on 试穿 B.break down 出故障 C.think of 想起 D.carry out 实施，执行
02. move away from…
[教材原句] Percentage of students who would like to move away from the Earth… 想搬离地球的学生的百分率……
[考点精析] move away from… 离开……,搬离……
[联想拓展][中考考点] away 的相关短语：
◆far away from 远离 [7A U3]
◆run away 逃离，跑开，逃走 [7B U5]
◆get away (from) 逃脱；离开；脱身 [7B U6]
◆right away 立刻，马上 [8A U5]
◆wash away 冲走 [8A U8]
◆move away 移开；搬走，搬开 [8A U8]
◆pass away (委婉语)去世 [9A U7]
◆Keep away from 远离 = Keep off
◆fly away 飞走
◆put away 收拾;把......收起来；把....暂时收起来(放好);储存......以备用
◆take away 拿走，带走
◆go away 离开;走开
◆get away 逃脱;离开
◆give away 捐赠
◆break away from 逃脱
◆stay away (from) 远离，不接近
◆throw away 扔掉
03. who引导的定语从句
[教材原句] Percentage of students who would like to move away from the Earth… 想搬离地球的学生的百分率……
[考点精析] who引导的定语从句
▲①在定语从句中，若先行词是人，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，那么定语从句的关系词用who或that;
▲②若关系词代替先行词在从句中作宾语，那么定语从句的关系词用who、whom或that皆可。
[单选常考混淆辨析]
A.which B.who：who表示人在从句中常作主语或宾语 C.whom：whom在从句中只作宾语 D.what：what不能引导定语从句
注意：表示人，应用关系代词who或whom
04. miss [7B U3 reading ]
[教材原句] But I missed the first part of it. 但我错过了开头部分。
[考点精析] miss vt.错过，失去；未赶上 ，miss在此作及物动词，其后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
◆miss sth. 错过某事
◆miss doing sth. 错过做某事
[联想拓展] ▲①miss v.思念；想念，怀念
▲②Miss 小姐,女士 ，首字母应该大写。指未婚女子，常用于姓氏前。
05. start with
[教材原句] It started with a discussion about a survey. 它以一个关于一项调查的讨论开始。
[考点精析] start with = begin with 以……开始 →(反义短语)end with 以……结尾/结束
★It is easier to start with a smaller problem. 从较小的问题入手会更容易。
◆start with = begin with 以……开始
◆start…with… 以……开始……
◆to start with 起初，开始时，首先
06. be worried about
[教材原句] However,some other students were worried about living there. 然而，其他一些学生对在那儿生活感到担忧。
[考点精析] be worried about = worry about 担心 worried adj.担心的，担忧的
be worried about为固定短语， 其后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
[单选常考混淆辨析]
A.be afraid of 害怕 B.be worried about 担心 C.be unaware of 没有意识到
07. be afraid of
[教材原句] They were even afraid of aliens there. 他们甚至害怕那里的外星人。
[考点精析] be afraid of 害怕
be afraid of后可跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
[常考辨析] be afraid to do sth. 与 be afraid of doing sth.
易混词汇 含义及用法
be afraid to do sth. 害怕/不敢做某事(因担心、害怕而不敢去做某事)
be afraid of doing sth 担心某事会发生(但实际上未必会发生)
[一句话串记] She was afraid to speak loudly because she was afraid of waking her baby up.
她不敢大声说话，因为她担心会吵醒她的孩子。
08. risk
[教材原句] I'm not sure if it's worth the risk. 我不确定是否值得冒这个险。
[考点精析] risk n.风险，危险
◆at the risk of doing sth. 冒着……的风险
◆at risk 处境危险，受到威胁
◆run a/the risk of doing sth. 有……的危险
◆take a risk/take risks 冒险
◆increase the risk of the illness 增加生病的风险
[联想拓展] risk v.冒……的危险；冒险做 ,后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
◆risk doing sth. 冒险做某事
09. after all
[教材原句] After all,humans have already been to the Moon. 毕竟，人类已经去过月球了。
[考点精析] after all 毕竟
[单选常考混淆辨析]
A.As for 至于 B.In total 合计，总共 C.In that case 既然那样 D.After all 毕竟
[常考辨析] first of all，above all 与 after all
易混词汇 词性及含义 用法
first of all 首先,相当于firstly, 通常强调顺序上的先后，表示一连串动作中的第一个动作
above all 最重要的是 强调重要性，以引起特别注意
after all 毕竟 放在句首时，后面要加逗号
10. have been to
[教材原句] After all,humans have already been to the Moon. 毕竟，人类已经去过月球了。
[考点精析] have been to 曾经去过 ，强调某人去过某地，现在已经回来了。
[常考辨析] have/has been to，have/has gone to 与 have/has been in
易混词汇 含义及用法
have/has been to 去过某地，现在已经回来了
have/has gone to 去了某地，还没有回来
have/has been in 待在某地，从过去一直延续到现在
11.correct
[教材原句] Can you answer listening questions correctly 你能正确回答听力问题吗
[考点精析] correctly adv.正确地，在句中常修饰动词。
[联想拓展] correct adj.正确的，在句中用作表语或定语。 correct v.改正；纠正
◆absolutely correct 完全正确
◆correct all the spelling mistakes 改正所有拼写错误
12. speak
[教材原句] I often speak English well in class,but I still need to practise more.
在课堂上，我经常说英语说得很好，但我仍然需要多练习。
[考点精析] speak v.说 →(Ved)spoke
[常考辨析] speak，talk，say与tell
易混词汇 词性及含义 用法 常见搭配
speak 一般用作 vi. 强调开口讲话、发言的动作 用作 vt. 后跟某种语言作宾语时 ◆speak English 说英语 ★May I speak to sb.,please 请问我可以和某人说话吗
talk 一般用作 vi. 强调双方“交谈” ◆talk to/with sb. about sth. 谈论
say 通常用作 vt. 强调说话的内容 后接所说的内容 ◆say hello/nothing to sb.
tell vt. 告诉 后接双宾语或复合宾语 ◆tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb.
13. practise
[教材原句] I often speak English well in class,but I still need to practise more.
在课堂上，我经常说英语说得很好，但我仍然需要多练习。
[考点精析] practise vt.练习 ，后可跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。在美式英语中，常写为practice。
◆practise doing sth. 练习做某事
[联想拓展] practice [U] n. 实践，练习
◆with much more practice 多进行一些练习
14. keep
[教材原句] Grammar rules are difficult,so l will keep an English diary and try to use the new grammar rules I have learnt.
语法规则很难，所以我要记英语日记，并尽力使用我已学过的这些新语法规则。
[高频考点精析] keep v.保持 →kept
▲①keep vt.记录，记载 ◆keep a diary/diaries 记日记
▲②keep vt.使(保持)，常用于“keep+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中，其中宾语补足语通常由形容词、副词、介词短语等充当。
◆Keep sth. + adj. 保持...... ◆Keep sb. away from sth. 让某人远离某物
▲③keep vt.保存，留着，可与一段时间连用。
▲④keep = follow vt.遵守 ◆keep the rule 遵守规则
▲⑤keep vt.赡养；养活；饲养 ◆keep many animals 养了许多动物
▲⑥keep [连系动词]linking v. 保持，后接形容词等作表语。 ◆keep warm 保持温暖
[中考重要考点—keep 用法总结 ]
易混词汇 词性及含义 用法
keep vt.记录，记载 ◆keep a diary/diaries 记日记
vt.使(保持) ◆keep+宾语+宾语补足语 ，其中宾语补足语通常由形容词、副词、介词短语等充当。 ◆Keep (sth. )+ adj. 保持...... ◆Keep sb. away from sth. 让某人远离某物 ◆keep sb./sth. + adj. 使某人/某物保持某种状态 ◆keep sb./sth. +prep. 短语 使某人/某物
vt.保存，留着 可与一段时间连用
vt.遵守 keep = follow ◆keep the rule 遵守规则
vt.赡养；养活；饲养 ◆keep many animals 养了许多动物
[连系动词]linking v. 保持 后接形容词等作表语 ◆keep warm 保持温暖 ◆keep healthy/fit 保持健康
◆keep (on) doing sth. 持续不断做某事 ◆keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事
◆keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 = stop /prevent sb. from doing sth.
[联想拓展][中考考点] keep 的相关短语：
◆keep fit = keep healthy 保持健康 [7A U6]
◆keep a secret 保守秘密 = keep secrets [8A U1]
◆keep(on)doing sth. 持续不断做某事/继续，重复做某事 [8A U2]
◆keep it secret 保密 [8A U4 ]
◆keep in touch 保持联系. [8B U1] ◆keep in touch (with ...) (与....)保持联系
◆keep sb. from sth. 保护，使免受 [8B U5]
◆ keep sb. from doing sth. = stop /prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
◆keep .…in order 使…保持井然有序 [9A U1]
◆keep quite 保持安静
◆keep away from = keep off 远离
◆keep a/the record 保持纪录
◆keep one’s promise 信守诺言 [9年级考点]
◆keep up with 跟上
◆keep in mind 牢记
◆keep on 继续(进行)
◆keep+adj. 保持某种状态
◆ keep sb./sth. + adj. 使某人/某物保持某种状态
◆keep sb./sth. +prep. 短语 使某人/某物……
◆ keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事
[常考辨析][中考考点] lend,borrow和keep的用法区别
易混词 含义 表示 用法
lend→lent 借出，借给 主语把东西借给他人 lend sb.sth. = lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人
borrow 借入，借来 主语从他人处借来东西 borrow sth. from sb. = borrow sb. sth. 向某人借某物
keep→kept 借；保存 主语借用并保存一段时间 keep sth. for +一段时间 借某物多长时间
注意 borrow 和 lend都是非延续性动词,不能与一段时间连用;
keep是延续性动词,可以与一段时间连用
[辨析口诀] “借”有技巧：
主语“借出”用lend，主语“借入”用borrow，想要“保存”用keep.
15. try to do sth.
[教材原句] Grammar rules are difficult,so l will keep an English diary and try to use the new grammar rules I have learnt.
语法规则很难，所以我要记英语日记，并尽力使用我已学过的这些新语法规则。
[考点精析] try to do sth. 尽力去做某事 try v.设法；努力 →(第三人称单数形式)tries →(Ved)tried
◆try to do sth. 尽力做某事;设法做某事，强调动作，表示设法去完成,
否定形式：◆try not to do sth. 努力不做某事;尽力不做某事
[考点精析—try 常考搭配] ◆try on 试穿，试试看 [7A U7] ◆have a try 试一试
◆do/try one’s best 尽某人最大努力 [7B U7] ◆do/try one’s best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力
◆try out for sth. 参加…选拔(或试演) [9A U4] ◆try out 实验，试用
[常考辨析] try to do sth. 与 try doing sth.
易混词汇 词性及含义 用法
try to do sth. 努力做某事，尽力去做某事 强调付出努力，但不一定能成功
try doing sth. 试着做某事 含有“看看某种方法是否能成功”的意思
[复习回顾—try—9B U1 skills ]
[教材原句] try all kinds of Japanese food during our stay in Japan 我们在日本期间，品尝各种日本的食物
[复习回顾—try to do sth.—8A U8]
[教材原句] Try to get out as soon as possible. 努力尽可能快地出去。
[易混辨析] try to do sth.[9A U6] 与 try doing sth.
易混词汇 含义 用法
try to do sth. 尽力/设法做某事,表示付出一定的努力 表示设法去完成,侧重为达到目的而付出一定的努力,不强调结果。
try doing sth. 试着/尝试做某事,表示尝试,但不一定付出努力 表示抱着试试看的想法去做某事。
[易混辨析] manage to do sth. [9A U3]与try to do sth.
易混词汇 含义及用法
manage to do sth. 意为“设法完成某事”,强调完成了某事，相当于succeed in doing sth。
try to do sth. 意为“努力做某事”,但未必能够完成。
16. improve
[教材原句] I plan to watch English TV programmes every weekend in order to improve my listening skills.
为了提高我的听力技能，我计划每个周末观看英语电视节目。
[考点精析] improve vt.改善；提高 ，其后可以跟名词或代词作宾语。 →improvement n. 改进；改善
◆improve my English 提高我的英语水平
◆improve your diet 改善饮食
◆carry out some improvements 对......作一些改进

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