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Lesson 10 B卷提升（二）十二选十技巧
【内容提要】
一、中考12选10的解题技巧要抓住两点:
一是"放远", 二是"看近"。
(一) 、放远: 一篇短文填空题是一个有机的整体。通读全文、明了大意、理清观点、分清层次是十分重要的一步。依据上下文, 语境, 眼光放远, 从头到尾, 按日常认识事物的规律, 填上所选的词, 通顺。
技巧:
1. 根据上下文的逻辑关系进行推测: 注意上下文的逻辑联系和文章的逻辑关系是做好短文填空题的关键, 它要求考生在了解文章大意的基础上, 联系上下文, 运用思维逻辑进行比较、判断, 找出既符合短文的词义。
2. 根据语篇标志进行推测: 语篇一般是指比单一句子长的语言单位, 如句群、段落、篇章等。语篇和语篇之间往往有标明其内在联系的词语, 这些词语称为"语篇标志", 例如: 表示结构层次的firstly, secondly等, 表示逻辑关系的therefore,so,but等, 表示话题改变by the way, for example, and so on, for instance等。充分利用这些语篇标志可以迅速理清文章的脉络, 弄清上下文之间的关系。
3. 根据文化背景知识进行推测:
短文空题考查的知识面较广, 从文化、科学常识, 到历史地理知识；从风俗民情到民族习惯等等, 无所不考。考生在做这类题时, 要特别注意中西文化方面所存在的差异。具备了一定的文化背景知识, 才能比较准确地判断出正确的词义。
4. 根据常识进行判断:
中学生已经掌握了较丰富的科学与生活常识, 也具备了一定的判断能力。在考查语言知识和技能的同时, 考查这些简单的常识性的问题, 也是对学生知识面的检测。
(二)、看近: 形式上有残缺(若干个空) , 但它的内容、语言习惯, 句与句之间的衔接点, 句子与段落之间的联系, 段落与段落之间的逻辑顺序仍或隐或现地存在于篇章之中。依据此句前后, 眼光就近。运用基本语言知识(词法和语法) : 动副、动宾、介宾、系形、短语动词、短语介词、搭配、结构。
技巧:
1.根据语法知识进行推测:
对于考查语法知识的考题, 不仅要理解上下文的逻辑关系, 更要有针对性地对语法结构、句式特点进行分析, 并根据其语法结构和句式特点进行合理推测, 从而迅速判断出正确的词义。
2.运用词汇知识进行判断:
短文填空题中对词汇知识的考查, 主要集中在词语的搭配和同义词的辨析两大方面。要做好这类题目, 首先要有较大的词汇量, 较强的词语搭配能力, 以及在语句中理解词义的能力, 做题时要结合上下文的语境, 确定词义。
1)在词性方面:
① 从语法方面考虑词性: 根据句子的特点, 分清简单句、并列句、复合句, 再分别对待。
简单句:
根据简单句的句子结构确定所缺词属于句子中主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语等哪一成分, 哪些词性可以作这些成分, 再根据所缺词的词义确定该词性的词。
并列句: (语法上互不依从的句子) :
如果是两个完整的句子中间缺词, 则可以从并列句方面考虑, 选择并列联接词---and,so,but,or,however等。
复合句: 主要根据主句与从句的关系确定是哪一类复合句。
常考的复合句有:
宾语从句----that, if, whether, how, what等；
状语从句----时间: when, before, after, while, as soon as, until, since等;
条件: if等;
原因: because等;
方式: how;等
结果: so..that..., such...that... 等;
让步: although, though等
比较 : as...as..., not so .as..., ..than..., as...as possible等
定语从句----who,whom,which,that,
②、从习惯用法、固定搭配和词与词之间的修饰方面考虑词性:
名词的修饰词可能是---形容词、名词、数词、代词、冠词等。
形容词的修饰词可能是----副词、定冠词、序数词等。
形容词也属于修饰词----用来修饰名词或代词的, 在句子中可作定语、表语和宾语补足语等。
动词的修饰词可能是----情态动词、助动词、副词等。
副词属于修饰词----主要修饰形容词、动词、其他副词以及句子等。
2)在词的形式方面:
如果所确定的词是名词、动词、形容词、副词, 应该考虑这些词的相应的形式。名词的单数、复数和所有格形式；动词的六种形式—do,does,doing,did,done,to do;形容词和副词的三级形式。
如果所给词是代词, 则应考虑代词的主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词和反身代词等五种形式。
二、步骤与方法
(一) 做选词填空题的基本步骤是:
先通览全文, 掌握文章大意；然后再根据文章的语境特点从词语搭配、习惯用法、上下文的逻辑关系以及一般的生活常识等方面进行分析, 从而选出既合语法又合语境的答案。
总之: 做此类题可概括为以下五个步骤:
通读全文, 把握大意, 确定主旨。
身临其境, 切身体会, 确定词义。
周密分析, 瞻前顾后, 确定词形。
复读原文, 仔细检查, 确定验收。
(二) 做选词填空题的通常方法有:
1.词语搭配法:
即根据词语的搭配习惯来选择正确的答案。你平时一定要注意掌握一些常用词汇的基本及其有关的搭配。
2.语法判断法:
即通过语法分析来判断正确答案, 比如被选项若为是名词, 则应根据填空句的上下文确定该名词的单复数以及是否用所有格等；若被选项为动词, 则应考虑其时态、语态、搭配以及非谓语形式等。
3.语境分析法:
即根据上下文的具体语境, 利用所学过知识和平时所积累的经验, 选出最符合题意的选项。
4.对比排除法:
有时对于一些难题, 可试着将各个选项逐一填入空白处, 然后进行综合比较, 排除不适合的, 选出最恰当的。
【试题研究】
一、短文填空。
can, eat, face, good, learn, lose, old, quick, some, spend, we, young
What is the time We 1 see it and we can't catch it, but we can feel it passing by. Time is always with us in _ 2 life. When we are at the table, time goes away when we are 3 . When we are washing our 4 , time slips away(消失) in front of us. And when we are playing, time goes by 5 . Time is fair(公平的) to every one of us. If you make the 6 use of it, time will give you a lot. Or you will miss a lot. The 7 time will not be found again.
Today, time is becoming more and more important to us. You can always hear people say, "Time is money. Time is life." It tells us not to waste(浪费) 8 time.
My friends, we must keep in mind the saying, "Time waits for no man." Now we are still 9 . It's right time for us 10 more. We must make the best use of every minute and be the masters of time.
二、短文填空。
away back camp delicious flower get have mountain sheep take tire visit
Now let me tell you about my last weekend.
On Saturday, my parents and I went to the Jiazhou Green Park. First, we enjoyed the 1 and saw lots of butterflies above them. Then, we climbed the 2 . In the afternoon, we went 3 my grandparents in the countryside. I fed the 4 . with my grandpa on the farm. In the evening, my parents and I 5 the Leshan-Chengdu High-speed Railway(高铁) to Chengdu to take part in an English Speaking Contest(英语演讲比赛). And in late evening, we 6 to Chengdu. The next morning, I went to Chengdu Hotel to take part in the contest. And at noon, we 7 lunch at the KFC.The food was very 8 . I ate a lot.And in the afternoon, we took the Chengdu-Leshan High-Speed Railway 9 home.It was a very busy weekend. We were 10 , but we were very happy.
What do you think of my last weekend
三、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. I don't have time for lunch, because there are things to do. (many)
2. In the small , every has a bike. (village)
3. Joan likes , but she doesn't do anything to make her come true. (dream)
4. He wants to leave the village he for twenty years for a new . (live)
5. This fruit has a different(不同的) , and it the best. (taste)
四、短文填空。选出10个单词,并用正确形式填写在相应位置上,使短文意思正确。通顺(每词限用一次)
anything as few ides like long quick sleep think try when win
"Dreams may be more important than sleep, We all need to dream," some scientists(科学家) say.
Dreams take up about one quarter of our 1 time. People have 2 dreams each night Dreams are like short films and they are usually in color. Some dreams are 3 old films. They come to us over and over again. That may be because the dreamer is worrying about 4 . Dreaming may be way of 5 to find an answer.
Some people get new 6 about their work from dreams. They may keep 7 about their work all day. These thoughts can carry over into dreams.
Sometimes, we wake up with a good feeling from a dream, but often we can't remember the dream. Dreams can disappear(消失) 8 from mind.
Too much dreaming can be harmful. The more we sleep, the 9 we dream. The mind is hard at work
10 we dream. That is why we may have a long sleep and still wake up tired.
feel, thousand, mother, complete, death, dangerous, strangely, move, fall, hear, shock, be
五．选择所给单词正确形式补全短文
A terrible earthquake happened in Wenchuan on May 12, 2008. 1.________ of people lost their lives and homes. During those days, a lot of stories about love could be 2. _______. Here is one of them. After the earthquake, under a 3. ________ building, some soldiers found that a woman died in a very 4.________ way. When they were ready to take her away, they were 5. ________ to find that a baby in her arms was still alive. The baby was sleeping and wasn’t hurt at all. Between the dead mother and the living baby, there 6. ________ a cellphone with a short message on the screen. “My dear baby, if you can survive(幸存), remember that I love you.” Everyone was 7.________ touched when they read these words. Perhaps that’s the true meaning of a 8.________ love.
Besides this story, many other stories also 9. ________ us deeply. From these stories, we know more about love.
You’re lucky if you’re loved by others. You’re great if you love others when you’re in 10. ________.
六．十二选十
because; big; add; compete; know; area; since; find; scene; move; place; health;
Wearing long robes and tall hats, a group of foreigners perform Peking Opera and balllads(民谣), as well as speak Chinese on stage.
You can see ____1____ like this at the 12th “Chinese Bridge”---Chinese Proficiency Competition for School Students. ____2_____ as the “Olympics” of Chinese language, it kicked off in Zhengzhou, Henan province on Nov. 2nd. About 120 students from 105 countries and regions gave Chinese speeches and showed off their talent in ____3_____ such as kung fu, tai chi and calligraphy.
Mackova Victoria, a 15-year-old girl from Slovakia, performed Wuqinxi at the competition. She imitated（模仿） the _____4____ of a tiger, deer, bear, ape and bird on stage. She gained an interest in traditional martial arts after she found that they can help her relax her muscles(肌肉) and stay _____5___. “The 2000- year -old exercise is cool, but few people have heard of it,” Victoria told Xinhua. “I want more foreign people to know it, as well as the Chinese culture.”
For 16- year-old Eva Kahili, studying Chinese gives her a chance to see a much ___6_____ world. Born in a poor family, Kahili has had to do much housework _____7___ she was young. But she has still _____8___ time to take Chinese classes for the past two years.
The _____9______ is a “bridge” that shows “how we connect（连接） from one side of the world to another,” according to Liu Limin, board member of the Confucius Institute（孔子学院）. “By studying a language, you actually start to connect with that culture, “ Liu ______10_____.
一、完形填空。根据短文内容,从各题的A、B、C三个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
People use languages to communicate(沟通) with each other. But do you know 1 languages are spoken in the world There are about 5,000 2 kinds of languages. As we all know, English is the most widely(广泛地) used all over the world. There are about five hundred thousand words in English language. Its number is larger than some 3 languages.
English is different 4 any other language. English words don't stay the 5 . The language is always changing(改变). New words often come into use, and old words are used in a new 6 .
English can change 7 borrowing words from other languages. "Tea" 8 from China. Some new words can be made by 9 two words together. "New-born" and "by-product(副产品)" are made up by two parts. The 10 of people and products can become new words. "Sandwich" was named by a card gambler by accident(偶然地).
( ) 1. A. how many B. how much C. how far
( ) 2. A. popular B. interesting C. different
( ) 3. A. another B. others C. other
( ) 4. A. from B. between C. in
( ) 5. A. new B. old C. same
( ) 6. A. word B. way C. road
( ) 7. A. at B. on C. by
( ) 8. A. gets B. comes C. results
( ) 9. A. adding B. putting C. choosing
( ) 10. A. names B. animals C. houses
二、十二选十
accept and angrily but decide explain glad he hear receive strong succeed
There once lived a great warrior(勇士). He was quite old, but still famous as 1. ________ warrior in the country, so many students came to study under him.
One day, a young and powerful man went to the warrior's village. He thought the warrior was old and could not be invincible(不可战胜） forever， so he had a 2. ____ to fight the old warrior. To everyone’s surprise, the old man 3. ________ accepted the young’s man’s challenge. The young man insulted( 辱骂)the old man and tried to beat him, while the old man just stood there and defended. After several rounds, the young warrior made 4. ________extremely tired and finally lost the fight. He felt upset.
After that, the young man started to study under the old warrior, but he still wanted to know the old man's secret to beat others 5. ________. He went to question the old warrior with a group of students. “ Don’t you feel angry when 6. ________my bad worlds How can you still stay calm and defend yourself "
The warrior didn't answer the question directly 7. ________asked, "If someone comes to give you a gift and you do not8. ________ it，who does the gift belong to（属于） ”
The young man and the other students were confused. After a period of silence, the old warrior gave them some 9. ________. “It belongs to the one who tried to give it. The same goes for envy（嫉妒），10. ________ and insults．”

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