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新教材北师大版 英语选择性必修第三册 UNIT 7
UNIT7高频词汇 知识点清单
UNIT 7 CAREERS
高频词汇精讲
1. persuade vt.说服,劝服;使相信
I'm fascinated by how companies develop under the market economy and how they persuade clients to buy products.
我对公司如何在市场经济下发展以及如何说服客户购买产品着迷。(教材P106)
情景导学
We finally persuaded Ben of the wisdom of this decision.
我们最终让本相信这个决定是明智的。
He persuaded his friend not to go abroad.=He persuaded his friend out of going abroad.他劝服朋友不要出国。
We had managed to persuade them that it was worth working with us.
我们已经设法让他们相信与我们合作是值得的。
Don't let yourself be persuaded into buying things you don't really want.
不要让别人说服你买你并不是很想要的东西。
They tried to persuade me to retract my words.他们试图说服我收回我的话。
用法归纳
①persuade sb.　to do sth.劝服某人做某事
②persuade sb. 　into (doing) sth.劝服某人做某事
③persuade sb. 　out of doing/not to do sth.劝服某人不要做某事
④persuade sb. 　of sth.使某人相信某事
⑤persuade sb. (that)...使某人相信……
词汇拓展
persuasive adj.有说服力的
易混辨析
persuade “说服”,着重情感上的敦促和劝告
convince “说服”,着重理智方面的辩论和证明,表示结果,即说服了
advise 表示“说服”或“劝说”的动作,等同于try to persuade/convince
2. impressive adj.给人深刻印象的,令人钦佩的
You got your bachelor's degree at the University of Cambridge and your master's at the University of London—that's impressive.
你在剑桥大学获得了学士学位,在伦敦大学获得了硕士学位——这令人钦佩。
(教材P106)
情景导学
The athletes made impressive achievements in the Olympic Winter Games.
运动员们在冬季奥运会上取得了令人钦佩的成绩。
词汇拓展
①impress v.使留下深刻印象;使钦佩;使敬仰;使意识到(重要性或严重性等)
impress sb. with/by...用……给某人留下深刻印象
impress sth. on/upon sb.使某人意识到某事物的重要性
Father impressed on me the value of hard work.父亲让我意识到努力工作的重要性。
②impression n.(对人、事物的)印象;感想
make/leave a/an...impression (on...)(给……)留下……的印象
first impression第一印象
the impression of...对……的印象
The Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games left a deep impression on me.
2022年北京冬奥会给我留下了深刻的印象。 (写作—冬奥会)
③impressively adv.给人深刻印象地;令人钦佩地
3. determine vt.决定,直接影响;测定,确定,查明;决心
...they feel that their IQ is what determines how well they are going to do in life.
……他们觉得是他们的智商决定他们在生活中会做得多好。 (教材P8)
情景导学
They determined to start early.=They determined on an early start.他们决定早点出发。
After a thorough search, we determined that he must have left it at the fountain.
进行了彻底搜寻以后,我们确定他一定是把它忘在喷泉那里了。 (2020北京)
The aim of our research is to determine what is true, not what is reasonable.
我们的研究的目的是确定什么是符合事实的,而不是什么是合理的。
用法归纳
①determine　on/to do sth.决定/决心做某事
②determine+从句 决定/查明/确定……
词汇拓展
①determined adj.有决心的;坚定的
be determined to do sth.决心做某事
She was determined to help more people in trouble.
她决心要帮助更多处于困境中的人。
②determination n.决心;坚定;(正式)决定,确定,规定;查明;测定;计算
As a special education teacher at the school, I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination.
作为这所学校的特殊教育老师,我熟悉戴维面临的挑战,并为他坚定的决心感到骄傲。
(2022全国新高考Ⅰ)
4. employ vt.& n.雇用
...at work, it is IQ that gets you employed, but it is EQ that gets you promoted.
……在工作中,智商让你就业,而情商让你升职。 (教材P8)
情景导学
Many retirees get employed again after a short training.
许多退休人员经过短期培训后又重新就业。
I hope you'll consider employing me as an editor.
我希望你能考虑雇用我当编辑。 (写作—求职信)
She was employed in making a list of all the jobs to be done.
她忙着把要做的所有工作列一个清单。
The lawyer was in the employ of a foreign company.这位律师受雇于一家外国公司。
用法归纳
①employ sb. 　as ...雇用某人担任……
②get employed 得到工作,就业
③be employed　in doing sth.从事,忙于做某事
④in sb.'s employ=　in the employ of sb.替某人工作;为某人所雇用
词汇拓展
①employer n.雇用者;雇主;老板
②employee n.受雇者;雇工;雇员
③employment n.工作;职业;受雇;就业;雇用;使用
Kids with preference for the arts have a greater chance of finding employment in the future.喜欢艺术的孩子将来找到工作的机会更大。 (2021天津)
④unemployment n.失业
易混辨析
employ “雇用”,指商店或公司长期雇用职员
hire “租用;雇用”,多指按工作量或时间雇用人
appoint “任命;委任”,指长期聘用
5. association n.联系;协会,社团;联合;联想
This association can exist...这种联系可能存在…… (教材P8)
情景导学
He kept his association with the school.他保持着与学校的联系。
Scotland has all kinds of happy associations for me.苏格兰给我各种各样快乐的联想。
He attended concerts sponsored by the Arts Council in association with several local businesses.他参加了由艺术委员会与当地几家企业联合赞助的音乐会。
用法归纳
①in association 　with ...与……联合/合伙
②have...associations 　for sb.给某人……的联想
③maintain/keep an/one's association　 with ...保持与……的联系
词汇拓展
associate v.联想,联系;交往,(尤指)混在一起;表明支持,表示同意 n.同事,伙伴 adj.非正式的,准的,副的;联合的,有关联的
associate...with...把……和……联系起来
I've never associated you with this place.我从未把你和这个地方联系在一起。
6. adjust vi.& vt.适应,(使)习惯;调整,调节;整理
...hence they have a harder time adjusting in life and in their careers.
……因此,他们在生活和事业上更难适应。 (教材P9)
情景导学
You'll quickly adjust yourself to student life.你将很快适应学生生活。
When Riley moves to a new city, she has a hard time adjusting to her new surroundings. 当莱莉搬到一个新的城市时,她很难适应她的新环境。 (外研必修三)
My parents had trouble adjusting to living in an apartment.
我父母很难适应住在公寓里。
The woman's eyes fell on the man's face, and she immediately looked down and adjusted her scarf.
女人的目光落在男人的脸上,然后她立刻低头整理了一下围巾。
(读后续写—动作描写)
用法归纳
①adjust 　to sth.适应/习惯某事物
②adjust to 　doing sth.适应/习惯做某事
③adjust oneself 　to sth.使自己适应/习惯某事物
④adjust...to...根据……调整/调节……
词汇拓展
①adjustable adj.可调节的;可调整的
②adjustment n.调节;调整;适应
make adjustments (to...)(对……)做出调整
The author's appearance affected her adjustment to school life in Norway.
作者的外貌影响了她适应挪威的学校生活。 (2022天津改编)
We've had to make some adjustments to our original calculations.
我们不得不对我们最初的计算做一些调整。
7. react vi.(作出)反应;过敏;起化学反应
...and being able to understand and react to situations in the best way possible.
……并且能够以可能的最好的方式理解和应对各种情况。 (教材P9)
情景导学
They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music.
他们不确定美国人对这种新型音乐会有什么反应。 (2019浙江)
Children sometimes react against the thing their parents believe in.
孩子们有时反对他们的父母认可的事情。
Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust.铁与水和空气发生化学反应生成铁锈。
Quite a lot of children react badly to certain foods or drugs.
相当多的孩子对某些食物或者药物严重过敏。
用法归纳
①react 　to ...对……作出反应;对(食物等)有不良反应/过敏
②react 　against ...反对……;反抗……
③react 　with ...与……起化学反应
④react by doing sth.通过做某事作出反应
词汇拓展
①reaction n.反应;反应能力;生理反应(后加介词to)
In the past, there was often an automatic reaction to increased traffic.
在过去,人们对增多的路上行驶的车辆往往有一种不由自主的反应。 (2020浙江)
②reactive adj.反应的;有反应的;回应的;能起化学反应的
8. guarantee vt.保证,担保 n.保证;保修单
My parents say that a university degree is a guarantee of a good job.
我父母说大学学位是一份好工作的保证。 (教材P108)
情景导学
Take this opportunity and I guarantee(that)you won't regret it.
抓住这个机会吧,我保证你不会后悔的。
Even if you complete your training, I can't guarantee you a job.
即使你完成了培训,我也无法保证你有工作。
We guarantee to refund your money if you're not delighted with your purchase.
如果你对购买的商品不满意,我们保证退款。
While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled, there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services.虽然昆士兰铁路尽一切努力确保火车按预定时间运行,但火车之间或火车服务系统与公共汽车服务系统之间的衔接不能得到保证。 (2020全国Ⅰ)
Your watch will be repaired free if it's still under guarantee.
你的手表如仍在保修期内就可免费修理。
用法归纳
①guarantee 　to do sth.保证做某事
②be guaranteed to do sth.肯定会做某事;必定会做某事
③guarantee sb. sth.　保证某人有某物/做某事　
④guarantee (　that )...保证……
⑤a guarantee 　of ...对……的保证
⑥under guarantee在保修期内
词汇拓展
guarantor n.(法律)担保人;保证人
9. motivated adj.积极的,主动的
To sum it up, I suppose you could say we need to have good computer skills, be motivated...
总的来说,我想你可以说我们需要有良好的计算机技能,有积极性……(教材P108)
情景导学
Just watching him run got me motivated.光是看着他跑我就有了动力。(2022全国乙)
They are a really good bunch of students—highly motivated and very intelligent.
他们是一群十分优秀的学生——积极性高且非常聪明。
Police believed the attack was commercially motivated.
警方认为那次袭击是出于商业动机。
用法归纳
①highly motivated积极性高的
②politically/financially/commercially motivated 受政治/财政/商业等方面的原因驱使的
③get sb. motivated 　使某人有动力　
词汇拓展
①motivate v.成为……的动机;是……的原因;激励;激发
motivate sb. to do sth.激励某人做某事
You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.
你应该重新考虑你的目标,激励自己设定一个新的目标。 (2019全国Ⅱ)
②motivation n.动力,积极性;动机,原因
motivation for (doing)...(做)……的动机/原因
He sat there in silence, lacking motivation to do anything.
他一言不发地坐在那里,缺乏做任何事情的动力。(读后续写—动作描写)
What was your motivation for becoming a teacher 你为什么做教师
10. retirement n.退休,退职
In your grandparents' time, there was the prospect of doing the same job from graduation until retirement.
在你祖父母的时代,人们有可能从毕业到退休都在做同样的工作。(教材P14)
情景导学
Prof. Stone's grandfather was afraid of taking early retirement.
斯通教授的祖父害怕提前退休。 (2021全国乙改编)
He suddenly announced his retirement as editor.他突然宣布从编辑的职位上退休。
When you reach your retirement age, you can retire.
当你到了退休年龄的时候,你就可以退休。
用法归纳
①retirement 　as ...从……职位上退休
②retirement from...从……退休/退职
③take early retirement　　提前退休　
④retirement age退休年龄
词汇拓展
①retire v.(使)退休;(使)退职;(因伤)退出(比赛等)
retire from...从……退休/退出
He retired from teaching when he was 60.他60岁的时候从教学岗位上退休了。
②retired adj.已退休的
Both of my parents are retired teachers.我父母都是退休教师。
11. qualify vi.& vt.(使)有资格,有权利 vi.取得资格,达到标准;获得参赛资格
You may have to go back to the classroom and be retrained in order to qualify to work in another field.
你可能不得不回到教室,接受再培训,以便取得在另一个领域工作的资格。(教材P15)
情景导学
To qualify as a teacher, a man has to be able to speak his native language fluently.
要取得教师资格,一个人必须能够把母语说得很流利。 (写作—招聘启事)
This training course will qualify you for a better job.
本培训课程将使你能胜任更好的工作。
He failed to reach the required standard, and did not qualify for the race.
他未能达到要求的标准,因而不具备参赛资格。
用法归纳
①qualify 　as ...取得……资格(或学历)
②qualify sb. 　for /to do sth.使某人有资格做某事
③qualify 　for sth.获得参加某项比赛的资格;有权做某事
词汇拓展
①qualified adj.具备……的学历(或资历);具备……的知识(或技能);符合资格
be qualified for...具备……的学历(或资历)
be qualified to do sth.具备做某事的知识(或技能);有资格做某事
The guides are qualified to lead groups into the mountains.
导游有资格带领团队进入山区。
②qualification n.资格;学历;资历
Xie Lei is studying for a business qualification at a university in China...
谢蕾正在中国的一所大学攻读商科…… (人教选择性必修二)
12. applicant n.申请人
Applicants with relevant experience can write to Thomas Cowle...
有相关经验的申请人可以写信给Thomas Cowle…… (教材P18)
情景导学
There were over 300 applicants for the job.有300多人申请这份工作。
Applicants in technical assignments must have reached the last year of their studies in a technical institution.
技术性工作的申请人必须已经步入在技术机构的学业的最后一年。 (2021北京)
用法归纳
the applicant/applicants　for ... ……的申请人
词汇拓展
①apply v.申请;应用;涂,敷;有关,涉及;专心致志;努力
apply for申请
apply to do sth.申请做某事
apply...to...把……应用于……;把……涂/敷在……上
apply to sb./sth.对某人/某事(物)适用;有关某人/某事(物);涉及某人/某事(物)
apply oneself to(doing)sth.专心致志做某事
I am writing to apply for the position of the secretary to the general manager of your company.我写信申请贵公司总经理秘书一职。 (写作—求职信)
②application n.申请,请求,申请书,申请表;应用;涂抹;应用软件
an application to...向……提出的申请
an application for sth.对某事(物)的申请
You should prepare your application form carefully.
你应该认真准备你的申请表。 (写作—建议信)
13. option n.选择;(计算机的)选项,选择;买卖选择权;选择权;可选择的事物
There are few transportation options and it's bad for health.
交通选择很少,而且这对健康有害。 (教材P22)
情景导学
We have an option on the house.我们有权购买这所房子。
I always had the option of going back to my hometown.我一直都可以选择回到家乡。
Now we have no option but to go forward with the project.
现在我们除了继续进行这个项目外别无选择。
They are anxious that the new course should not be seen as a soft option.
他们盼望新办法不会被视为捷径。
I told him how harmful plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options.
我告诉他塑料对环境会有多大的危害,并请求他考虑使用更环保的选择。
(2021全国新高考Ⅱ)
I'm keeping all my options open for the moment.目前我暂时不作任何决定。
用法归纳
①the option 　of doing sth./to do sth.选择做某事
②have no option but 　to do sth.除了做某事外别无选择
③an option 　on sth.对某物的买卖选择权
④the/a(n) 　soft /easy option轻松的选择;捷径
⑤keep/leave your options open保留选择余地;暂不决定
词汇拓展
①optional adj.可选择的;选修的
optional course 选修课
②optionally adv.可选择地;随意地
高频词汇积累
词汇 释义 用法&拓展
credit n.学分;赊购,信贷;赞扬 to sb.'s credit使值得赞扬;使受尊重 on credit赊账 credit card信用卡
internal adj.内心的;内部的;国内的 external adj.外部的;外界的;与外国有关的,对外的
willing adj.乐意、愿意(做某事)的 be willing to do sth.乐意做某事 He is willing to give Mary a hand.他乐意帮助玛丽。
profession n.专业,行业,职业 occupation n.工作,职业 career n.生涯,职业
relevant adj.有关的,切题的 be relevant to与……有关 The point is highly relevant to this discussion. 该观点与这次讨论高度相关。
relevantly adv.有关地;切题地 irrelevant adj.无关紧要的;不相关的 irrelevance n.不相关;无关紧要
salary n.薪金,工资 salary多指按月发放的工资,通常用于经理人、行政、医生等非体力劳动者
wage n.工资,工钱 wage多指按周领的工资,通常用于一些基层体力劳动者
specialist n.专家 expert n.专家;行家;能手
pace n.速度,进度 keep pace with与……并驾齐驱;与……步调一致 set the pace确定速度;确立标准;领先
essential adj.极其重要的;最基本的 be essential to/for...对……来说必不可少 It is essential that sb. (should) do sth. 某人做某事是极其重要的。
经典结构
1. It is/was+被强调部分+that+其他部分
...it is IQ that gets you employed, but it is EQ that gets you promoted.
……是智商让你就业,但是情商让你升职。 (教材P8)
情景导学
It was in this house that I was born.我正是在这个房子里出生的。
It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases.
正是我们身体的健康水平帮助我们对抗这些疾病。 (2022北京)
It was an old magazine that Mary found in the bag.玛丽在包里找到的是一本旧杂志。
It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.就在昨天,他遇到了李平。
Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping 他是昨天遇到李平的吗
When was it that he met Li Ping 他是什么时候遇到李平的
It was Youth that accompanied me through my whole high school.
正是Youth陪伴我度过了整个高中阶段。(2021全国新高考Ⅰ)
But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant, the researchers found.
但研究人员发现,对脂肪细胞深层的影响可能是最显著的。(2020江苏)
用法归纳
①强调句的基本句型:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分。被强调的部分可以是 主语 、宾语、状语,一般不能是谓语、表语、补足语等。当被强调的部分指人时,既可用that,也可用who。
②强调句的时态只有两种:一般现在时和一般过去时。对过去进行强调,强调句中的be就用was ;对现在或将来进行强调,强调句中的be就用is 。
③被强调的部分如果是句子的主语,that/who之后的谓语动词在人称和数上应与　被强调的主语 保持一致。
④强调句的一般疑问句式:Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分
⑤强调句的特殊疑问句式:特殊疑问词+is/was it that+其他部分
结构拓展
①强调谓语动词时要用do、does、did,意为“确实,真的”,且只能用于一般现在时和一般
过去时的肯定句中。
Li Lei does like music.李雷确实喜欢音乐。
②在祈使句的句首加do表示强调,意为“务必,一定”。
Do remember to finish your homework before the deadline.
一定要记得在最后期限之前完成作业。
特别提醒
①构成强调句的it本身没有词义。
②强调句中的引导词一般只用that或who,且不可省略。
③即使被强调的主语是复数,it后的谓语动词也用单数。
④判定依据:把句子中的it is/was和that/who 去掉以后,句子成分与意思依然完整,就是强调句。
2. It is believed that...人们相信……
It is generally believed that people with high EQs are open to new ideas and have positive attitudes towards life.
人们普遍相信具有高情商的人对新观念持开放态度,对生活持积极态度。(教材P9)
情景导学
It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
人们相信现在的儿童和青少年摄入的糖是推荐量的三倍,这使他们患这种疾病的风险更高。(2022全国乙)
It is said that it's a mirror that can tell right from wrong!
据说这是一面可以明辨是非的镜子! (人教必修二)
It is found that people who frequent cultural places or participate in artistic events are more likely to gain good health compared to those who do not.
人们发现,经常去文化场所或参加艺术活动的人比那些不经常去文化场所或参加艺术活动的人更有可能获得健康的身体。 (2021天津)
用法归纳
①It is believed that...意为“人们相信……”,其中that引导的从句是主语从句 ,It是形式主语。
②在“It is+过去分词+that从句”句型中,除动词believe外,有类似用法的动词还有report、
know、　say 、suppose、think、consider、hope、prove、　find 等。
结构拓展
①People believe/say/think/...that...人们相信/说/认为……
②主语+be believed/said/thought/...to do sth.人们相信/据说/人们认为/……某人或某物做某事。
It is believed that he will finish the task on time.=People believe that he will finish the task on time.=He is believed to finish the task on time.人们相信他能按时完成任务。
③“主语+be believed/said/thought/...to do sth.”这一句型中的不定式要根据表达的含义用不同的形式:
a.当不定式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生时,不定式用进行式。
He is said to be studying French by himself.据说他正在自学法语。
b.当不定式所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生或没有明显的先后顺序时,不定式用一般式。
John is said to study abroad next semester.据说约翰下个学期要出国留学。
c.当不定式所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生时,不定式用完成式。
Alex is said to have left the stage after he broke his leg.
据说亚历克斯摔断了腿后就离开了舞台。
④常见的其他几种it作形式主语的句式:
a.It is+名词+that...
It is a pity that he can't attend my wedding ceremony.很遗憾他不能参加我的婚礼。
b.It+特殊动词+that...
It appears that I have made a mistake.似乎我犯了一个错误。
c.It is+形容词+that...
It is necessary that she (should) study English well.她有必要学好英语。
3. There is little doubt that...几乎没有疑问……
On the other hand, there is little doubt that people with low EQs often have problems getting on with other people and dealing with difficult situations...
另一方面,几乎没有疑问,情商低的人在与他人相处和处理困难情况方面往往存在问题…… (教材P9)
情景导学
There is no doubt that the use of electronic products has become a major problem affecting children's eyesight.
毫无疑问,电子产品的使用已经成为影响孩子视力的一大问题。
There is no doubt that he is the person I admire most.
毫无疑问,他是我最钦佩的人。 (写作—钦佩的人)
用法归纳
There is no doubt that...表示“毫无疑问……”,其中that引导同位语从句,说明doubt的具体内容。
结构拓展
①There is some doubt whether...不确定是否……
There is some doubt whether he can win first prize.
不确定他是否能赢得一等奖。
②doubt作动词,后接宾语从句时,表示“无把握;不确信;怀疑”。当主句为肯定句时,常用if或whether引导宾语从句;当主句为否定句或疑问句时,常用that引导宾语从句。
Someone doubts whether/if the activity is worth taking part in.
有人怀疑这个活动是否值得参加。
I don't doubt that he will be admitted into this college.
我毫不怀疑他会被这所大学录取。
③类似的结构:
a.There is no need (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)没有必要做某事。
There is no need for us to argue about the matter any longer.
我们没有必要再争论这件事。
b.There is no hope of doing sth./that...做某事没有希望了。/……没有希望。
There is no hope of winning first prize if we miss this chance.
如果我们错过了这次机会就没有希望获得一等奖了。
c.There is no possibility of doing sth./that...没有做某事的可能性。/……没有可能。
There is no possibility of beating that team in the football match.
在这场足球赛中不可能击败那支队伍。
4. What if... 如果……该怎么办
What if your job disappears after working for 10 years in the field
如果你在这个领域工作了10年后,你的工作消失了怎么办 (教材P15)
情景导学
What if she forgets to bring it 要是她忘记把它带来,该怎么办呢
What if this doesn't work out = What should we do if this doesn't work out
如果这个不行(我们)怎么办
But what if we're actually getting closer to a world where AI is capable of thinking and feeling
但是如果我们真的越来越接近一个人工智能能够思考和感觉的世界会怎么样
(2021天津)
用法归纳
What if 后面跟一个完整的句子,且句子通常用一般现在时 ,意为“如果/要是……会怎么
样/该怎么办 ”,相当于“What should we do/will happen if... ”。
结构拓展
类似的省略结构:
①If only...要是……就好了。(=It would be better if...)
If only I knew her name.我要是知道她的名字就好了。
②Why not (do...) 为什么不(做……)呢
Why not try making one by ourselves 我们为什么不试着自己做一个呢
③So what 那又怎么样
④How come 怎么会呢
长难句
Sentence 1
译文　当他们看到其他学生做得比他们好时,他们通常认为那些学生有更高的智商,他们做什么也改变不了他们的处境。
Sentence 2
译文　在他的研究的支持下,沙洛维教授表明,当预测一个人未来的成功时,他们通过情商测试来衡量的性格实际上可能比他们的智商更重要。
Sentence 3
译文　提高情商是可能的这一事实意味着学校需要确保他们的学生接受他们真正需要的教育,不仅仅是基于智商,而是基于整个性格的发展。
Sentence 4
译文　事实是,你是你的职业生涯的老板,你可以决定你能做什么以及你能做得多好。
必备语法
动词-ed形式
一、动词-ed形式作状语
在书面语中,动词-ed形式常用来连接句子的两个部分。在句中这些动词-ed形式短语可以作状语。
情景导学1
Moved by the speaker's words, he burst into tears.
由于被演讲者的话感动了,他突然哭起来。
Exhausted by the journey, he soon fell asleep.
由于被旅行弄得筋疲力尽,他很快就睡着了。
用法归纳1
动词-ed形式短语可以作①原因 状语,表示“因为/由于……”。
情景导学2
Seen from space, the earth looks like a big blue ball.
从太空中看时,地球像一个蓝色的大球。
Discussed many times, the problems were settled finally.
经过多次讨论,问题终于解决了。
用法归纳2
动词-ed形式短语可以作②时间状语,表示“当……时”。
情景导学3
Compared to the other team, we were quite quick.和另一队相比的话,我们相当快。
Given more time, you can do much better.如果给你更多的时间,你能做得更好。
Some medicines, if wrongly taken, can kill a person.有些药如果误服,可以要人命。
用法归纳3
(1)动词-ed形式短语可以作③条件状语,表示谓语动词表示的动作发生的条件,可译为
“如果……”。
(2)在所有这些例句中,动词-ed形式表示的动作的发出者都是句子的④主语 ,两者之间是⑤被动关系。
二、动词-ed形式作定语
情景导学
1.I like books written by Lu Xun.我喜欢鲁迅写的书。
2.My borrowed book must be returned by tomorrow.
我借的这本书必须在明天以前还回去。
3.The photos taken on the airplane are wonderful.在飞机上拍的这些照片非常棒。
4.She collected these fallen leaves and put them into the garbage bag.
她收起这些落叶,把它们放进了垃圾袋中。 (读后续写—动作描写)
用法归纳
(1)在书面语中,动词-ed形式常用来修饰名词,作定语。及物动词的-ed形式作定语时通常既表示⑥被动 ,又表示完成,如句1、2、3;不及物动词的-ed形式作定语时在意义上只表示完成,如句4。
(2)从位置上看,单个动词-ed形式作定语时通常放在被修饰的名词⑦之前,如句2、4;动词-ed形式短语作定语时通常放在被修饰的名词之后,如句1、3。
三、动词-ed形式作宾语补足语
情景导学
He had his hair cut yesterday.他昨天让人给自己剪了头发。
After suffering a toothache for so long, my father finally had(=got) his teeth filled yesterday afternoon.我父亲牙疼了这么久,昨天下午终于请人给他补了牙。
On open-air stages, the performers often sing in a loud voice to make themselves heard.在露天舞台上,表演者经常大声地唱歌,来让别人听到他们的声音。
The boy got his letter delivered to his teacher.这个男孩让人把他的信交给了他的老师。
After getting the homework done, he went to bed.完成家庭作业后,他去睡觉了。
...at work, it is IQ that gets you employed, but it is EQ that gets you promoted.
……在工作中,是智商让你得到工作,但是情商让你升职。 (教材P8)
用法归纳
在书面语中,动词-ed形式可以作宾语补足语,其表示的动作与宾语之间是⑧被动关系。
常见的结构有have sth. done、get sth. done、make sth. done等。
否定表达
一、表达否定意义的词或词组
情景导学1
Skiing is no longer strange to people.滑雪对人们来说不再陌生。
Most people now have no intention of travelling abroad.
现在大部分人都不打算去国外旅游。
In fact, planning to work in the same field or industry for your entire working life just isn't practical anymore.
事实上,计划整个职业生涯都在同一个领域或行业工作确实不再现实了。 (教材P15)
Tracy left home without telling her parents.特蕾西没有告诉父母就离开了家。
We invited both of them, but neither can come.
我们把他们俩都邀请了,但他们都不能来。
I'm afraid I have to disagree with you on that issue.
恐怕在那个问题上我不能同意你的看法。
用法归纳1
比较直观地表示否定意义的词(组)有no、not、never、none、neither、nothing、nobody、
without、not...anymore、⑨no longer、disagree等。
情景导学2
We seldom go to the party.我们很少去参加聚会。
Bob knew little about it before I told him.在我告诉鲍勃之前他对这件事知之甚少。
The skills are unlikely to be useful.这些技能不太可能有用。
This is hardly a recipe for greater career success.这并不是事业更成功的秘诀。
Kevin is such a naughty boy and is beyond my control.
凯文是一个如此淘气的男孩,我管不住他。
用法归纳2
比较隐晦地表示否定意义的词有few、little、seldom、⑩hardly、beyond、last、unlikely
等。
二、部分否定
情景导学
Not all lawyers have high incomes.不是所有的律师都有高收入。
Not everyone enjoys sport.不是每个人都喜欢体育运动。
用法归纳
all、both、everyone、everything等前面加not时,表示部分否定。
三、双重否定
情景导学
Grace never comes without reporting fresh things.格雷斯每次来都要报告新情况。
It's not impossible to get the work finished on time.按时完成这项工作不是不可能的。
用法归纳
双重否定表示肯定意义,比肯定句语气更强烈。
四、否定前移
情景导学
I don't think I know you.我想我不认识你。
I don't suppose we'll meet again.我觉得我们不会再见面了。
用法归纳
在think、believe、suppose、expect等动词后面的宾语从句中,从句中的否定一般要转移到主句中去,这种情况称为否定前移。
五、表否定的词或结构位于句首
情景导学
Seldom had I seen such a big snake before I came here.
在我来这儿之前,我很少看见如此大的蛇。
Never did I dream of hearing such exciting music.
我做梦都没有想到会听到如此令人激动的
音乐。
Not until lots of fish and shrimp in the water began to die did the villagers realize how serious the water pollution was.
直到水中大量的鱼虾开始死亡,村民们才意识到水污染有多严重。
用法归纳
一些否定词或否定结构置于句首时,句子或主句常用部分倒装 。

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