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中考英语短文填空题解题技巧+真题精讲
题型概述
短文填空是中考英语试卷最难题目之一，它的分值是15分，分为10个小题，每小题1.5分，占整份英语试题分值的12.5%（15/120）。短文填空一般在一篇200~250字左右的故事性短文中挖出10个空（一般一行或一句一个空，首句不设空），要求学生通读短文，并根据上下文来补全短文，每空只能填一个单词（不能填数字）。主要考九大词类（名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、数词、介词、连词、冠词）。
该题旨在测试考生的英语阅读理解能力和简单的书面表达能力，看其是否能够运用所学过的英语知识进行简单的书面交流，从而达到既考查学生的语言基础知识，又考查他们的观察能力、联想能力以及对语言的综合运用能力。为了答好短文填空题目，我们要打好基础关。这个基础关既包括1600个单词，300多个短语以及一部分常用句型和习惯用语的意思和用法，也包括各种词的词形变化。此处重点介绍在短文填空中常考的名词和动词的词形变化。
解题步骤
1. 略读全文，掌握大意。
短文填空与完形填空一样，属于障碍性阅读，但它的难度比完形填空还要高，因为完形填空有四个备选答案，而短文填空没有提供备选答案，要求考生既能想得到答案，还要写得对单词。所以在解题时，先略读全文，对全文有个大概了解。
2.运用所学知识和技巧，逐项填空，先易后难。
在读完一遍之后，对短文内容有大概了解。然后运用所学的知识与技巧，根据文章的大意，逐个填空。易的先填，难的做标记后填。绝对不能留空。
3.核对答案。
全部题目完成后，再复读一遍，核查答案。
（1）检查答案注意动词的时态、语态。
（2）检查名词要注意单复数。
（3）检查形容词和副词的三个级别。
（4）检查习惯用语、固定搭配等是否符合习惯。
（5）检查上下文的连贯性，以及所填词是否符合逻辑。
方法技巧
技巧一：寻“宝”推理法
与完形填空的寻“宝”推理法一样，就是在从上下文中找到相关的“宝”（信息点），通过逻辑推理，从而填出与原句意思相符单词的方法。如：
【典例】 It was a fine day last Sunday. John went to Tianlong supermarket to do some （1） alone. Because it was a little far away from his home, he （2） his car there. Soon he got there and found room for his car. He parked his car and went into the （3） to buy the things he needed. Twenty minutes later, he finished shopping. He was very happy he could （4） shopping in less than half an hour. At last he took the things slowly back to the car park. What a good day he had!
【分析】：
（1）A. 上下寻宝：从下文（倒数第二行）可寻到“宝”：“he could finish shopping in less...”。
B． 判定答案：把“宝”代入句子中，意思完整，故确定答案填shopping。
C． 检查复核：shopping此处是不可数名词，不用+s。
（2）A. 上下寻宝：从下文（本空的后一句）可寻到“宝”：“Soon he got …for his car”。
B. 判定答案：经过逻辑推理，只有开车去超市，才要找停车位，故确定答案填drive。
C. 检查复核：drive是动词。上半句动词用was为过去时，所以本空也要用过去时“drove”。
（3）A. 上下寻宝：从上文（第一行第二句）可寻到“宝”：“Tianlong supermarket”。
B. 判定答案: 把“宝”代入句子中，意思完整，故确定答案填supermarket。
C. 检查复核：supermarket此处是可数名词，但此处没有复数的概念，不用+s。
技巧二：.搭配法
根据短语，句型以及习惯用语的常用搭配来填词的方法。如：
【典例】 With the environment becoming worse and worse, more and more people realize the importance of protecting the environment. But there are still some people paying less （1） to it. They are still doing something harmful to the environment.Last Sunday I went to the Plant Garden to enjoy （2） . When I stepped into the gate of the garden, I felt comfortable at first because I could breathe the fresh air and enjoy the beautiful flowers and trees.
But to my （3） , I saw a man lying in a sleep net hanging （4） two trees. I thought this kind of behavior would hurt the trees. How could he make money by hurting the trees like this Without trees, how could we get the fresh air I don’t know how to express my anger. I think （5） is our duty to protect the environment. So something must be done to stop this kind of behavior.
【分析】：
（1）A. 寻找搭配：从空格前后我们可寻到短语搭配：“pay attention to”。
B. 判定答案：由搭配可知，此处填attention一词。
C. 检查复核：attention代入后，意思通顺，符合逻辑，且attention是不可数名词，不用+s。
（2）A. 寻找搭配：从空格前我们可寻到短语搭配：“enjoy oneself”。
B. 判定答案：由搭配可知，此处缺了oneself一词。前面是I，所以此处填myself。
C. 检查复核：myself代入后，意思通顺，符合逻辑，且myself没有词形变化。
技巧三：.前后关系判断法
根据所填空的前后部分之间的关系来填词的方法。
【典例】：At our school, we sometimes have a special day to help others. We call the day “Volunteer Day”. On that day, we often go to the old people’s home （1） help them do the housework. The old people were very happy （2） every year we organize this kind of activities several times. （3） we don’t do much for them, they were thankful to us. They were lonely, they needed people to visit them often and chatted with them. （4） every one can do something for the lonely old people, they will be happier.
【分析】：
（1）A. 分开关系部分或句子：从所填空句子意思，我们可将句子分两部分。第一部分“we often go tothe old people’s home”。第二部分 “help them do the housework”.
B. 根据两部分之间关系，判定答案: 两部分之间是并列关系，要填and；或者第二部分 “help themdo the housework”是“we often go to the oldpeople’s home”的目的。要填to。
C. 检查复核：and或to代入后，意思通顺，符合逻辑。所以此题答案可填and 或to。
（2）A. 分开关系部分或句子：从所填空句子意思，我们可将句子分两部分。第一部分“the old people were very happy”。
B. 第二部分 “every year we organize this kind of activities several times”.根据两部分之间关系，判定答案：老人们很高兴是因为每年我们有好几次组织这样的活动。所以两部分之间是因果关系，此处要填表原因的词because。
C. 检查复核：because代入后，意思通顺，符合逻辑。所以此题答案可填because。
（3）A. 分开关系部分或句子：从所填空句子意思，我们可将句子分两部分。第一部分“we don’t do much for them”。
B. 第二部分 “they were thankful to us”.根据两部分之间关系，判定答案：虽然我们为他们做的不多，但是他们对我们很感激。两部分之间是转折关系，故要填Though.
C. 检查复核：Though代入后，意思通顺，符合逻辑。所以此题答案可填Though。
（4）A. 分开关系部分或句子：从所填空句子意思，我们可将句子分两部分。第一部分“every one can do something for the lonely old people”。第二部分 “they will be happier”.
B. 根据两部分之间关系，判定答案: 如果每个人都能为孤单老人做些事情，他们就会更高兴。所以两部分之间是条件关系，要填If。
C. 检查复核：If代入后，意思通顺，符合逻辑。所以此题答案可填If。
强化练习
【1】
(2018·黑龙江齐齐哈尔) (D)
阅读短文，根据首字母或所给词的适当形式填空，使短文语意通顺。（每小题1分，共10分）
We can’t remember (61) _______ (clear) since when we started to take our mobile phones to a dinner table. This happens a lot, especially when we eat out. Once (62) d______ come, we take out our mobile phones and take photos (63) i_________ of lifting our chopsticks. Later, we post the photos onto Webo or Wechat, (64) ________ (wait) to be “liked”. Then we checked our mobile phones from time to time during the meal, to see (65) w________ we get “liked” or not. We just cannot leave our mobile phones for simply a meal.
Does that sound familiar to you Do you do that often If not, how do you feel when others do that when having dinner with you
A recent study (66) ________ (suggest) that what we are used to doing is not that good. Spending time taking photos of food makes the food less pleasant. So, (67) w ________ not stop taking photos and just enjoy the food ahead of you
Besides the (68) ________ (science) result, there are also some other bad influences of taking photos of food before meals. After posting the photos onto the Internet, one will be unable to control himself and check his mobile phone many times. “Does everyone accept my photos I hope a lot of people like them!” It seems like your mobile phone secretly class your name all the time, even when you are (69) w_______ real people.
So, next time you go out to have dinner, how about not taking photos of food Let the food be delicious as it is and share your life with others. Trust me, and it will be a (70) ________ (wonder) time.
【主旨大意】本文是一篇议论文。文中例举了当前的一种普遍现象，人们在餐桌旁不是马上就餐，不是和朋友聊聊天，而是首先拿起手机拍照发微博或微信，然后做起了“低头党”，作者认为这样严重影响就餐并建议就餐时停止拍照玩手机，而是单纯的享受美食。
61. 【答案】clearly remember为行为动词，后用副词修饰，故把形容词clear改为副词clearly。
62. 【答案】dishes 由句意，一旦菜上上来了，人们开始取出手机拍照，故填dishes。
63. 【答案】instead instead of意为“代替；而不是”，即人们开始取出手机拍照而不是拿起筷子。
64. 【答案】waiting 由上下文，发完微博或微信后，等着被“点赞”，等待的动作之伴随而进行的，故填现在分词。
65. 【答案】whether 由句末or not可知此处应该填whether, 意为“…去看是否被点赞…”。
66. 【答案】suggests A recent study为单数，故动词suggest用三单式。
67. 【答案】why Why not+动词原形？意为“为什么不…. ” 常用于提建议。
68.【答案】 scientific 此处需用形容词修饰名词result，故把名词science改为形容词scientific。
69.【答案】 with be with意为“和….在一起”。
70.【答案】 wonderful / more wonderful 由句意：相信我，那将是一段难忘（更难忘）的时光。
【2】
(2018·湖北黄冈)
综合填空(共10小题;每小题1分, 满分10分) 阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。( 提示: 每空不超过三个单词)
Each different part of China has its own special forms of traditional art. These usually try to show the things 70 are important in life, such as love, beauty and family. The most common things, from paper to clay to bamboo, are turned into objects of beauty.
According to Chinese history, sky lanterns were first used by Zhuge Kongming. He sent them out _ 71 ( ask) for help when in trouble. Today, sky lanterns are used at festivals and othercelebrations. They _ 72 ( make) of bamboo and covered with paper. When the lanterns are lit, they slowly rise into the air like small hot-air blloons for all to see. They are seen as bright symbol of 73 ( happy) and good wishes.
Paper cutting 74 (be) around for over 1500 years. Paper cuting sounds very easy _75 it can be difficult to do. The paper, usually red, is folded before it is cut with scissors. The most common pictures are flowers, animals, and things about Chinese history. During the Spring Festival, they are put on windows, doors and walls 76 symbols of wishes for good luck and a happy new year.
Chinese clay art is famous because the clay pieces are so small but they look very real. The pieces are usually cute children or lively characters from a Chinese fairy tale or historical story. The pieces are _ 77 ( careful) shaped by hand from a very special kind of clay and then allowed to air-dry. Afer 78 ( dry), they are fired at a very high heat. They are then polished and painted. It takes several weeks 79 ( complete) everything. These small pieces of clay art show the love that all Chinese people have for life and beauty.
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文，它介绍了中国传统文化中具有代表性的孔明灯、剪纸和泥塑等文化艺术。通过对传统中国文化元素的介绍，了解与中国传统文化艺术有关的风俗习惯和文化背景。
70. 【答案】that/ which 考查定语从句引导词。“These usually try to show the things 70 are important in life, such as love, beauty and family.”意为“这些艺术形式通常尽力展示生活中重要的东西，例如爱、美和家庭。”由句意推知空格后是一个定语从句修饰前面的things，定语从句中修饰事物的引导词用that或which。
71.【答案】 to ask 考查非谓语动词。“He sent them out 71 ( ask) for help when in trouble.”意为“当处于困境时，他就放出孔明灯求救。”ask与前面具有目的关系，英语中用动词不定式作目的状语。
72. 【答案】are made 考查一般现在时态的被动语态。“They 72 ( make) of bamboo and covered with paper.”意为“它们是用竹子做的，外面用纸包裹着。”，make和they具有被动关系，且根据前面判断句子使用一般现在时态，故填are made。
73. 【答案】happiness 考查名词。“They are seen as bright symbol of 73 ( happy) and good wishes.”意为“它们被看做是幸福和美好祝愿的象征。”空格处单词与wishes具有并列关系，wishes在此是名词，故填happiness。
74. 【答案】has been 考查动词时态。“Paper cutting 74 ( be) around for over 1500 years.”中的for over 1500 years判断句子是现在完成时态。
75.【答案】 but 考查连词。“Paper cuting sounds very easy 75 it can be difficult to do.”空格前意为“剪纸听起来很容易”，空格后意为“可能很难做。”前后发生意义转折，故填but。
76.【答案】 as 考查介词。“During the Spring Festival, they are put on windows, doors and walls 76 symbols of wishes for good luck and a happy new year.”意为“在春节期间，人们把它们贴在窗户上、门上和墙上，作为祈求好运和新年快乐的象征。”as表示“作为”之意。
77.【答案】 carefully 考查副词。“The pieces are 77 ( careful) shaped by hand from a very special kind of clay and then allowed to air-dry.”意为“这些作品通过手工，用一种非常特殊的陶土精心塑形，然后再自然晾干。”空格处单词修饰动词shape，在英语中修饰动词用副词形式，故填carefully。
78.【答案】 dying 考查介词用法。“After 78 (dry), they are fired at a very high heat.”意为“干了之后，再用高温烧制。”在该句中after是介词，介词后面的动词用其-ing形式，故填dying。
79.【答案】 to complete 考查固定句型。“It takes several weeks 79 ( complete) everything.”意为“完成这一切要花费几周的时间。”take作为“花费”之意，常用于It takes +时间段+to do sth.句型。故填to complete。
【3】
(2018·湖北荆门)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式（不超过3个单词）
Reading is important in our daily life. But have you ever thought what we read 56 ,information or skills How do we feel when we read, excited or upset We read word by word aloud and think about them. Is that enough I think reading is more than 57 (pronounce)or thinking about words.
58 (recent)The Read, a very popular TV program, is staged(_上演)in the form of reading. It’s a 59 (nation) reading program. Dong Qing works 60 both a hostess and a producer. The Reader hopes to tell us 61 the world is like and it takes us to see the beautiful world by reading. The show has invited some influential（有影响力的） guests who have rich experiences and touching stories, like Ni Ping, Wang Yuan from TFboys and Yao Chen.
“Reading touches people’s hearts” is the slog(口号)of The reader, What it wants 62 (show) isn’t reading skills but real feelings. They are what touches the audience(观众)most. "I
have long thought about working on a program related to（与……有关） the human spirit， so far The Reader 63 (become) a turning point in my career in hosting and the program has bought me quite a huge challenge. "said Dong.
The Reader is of great 64 (important) to the audience and Chinese culture. It also tells us if we understand what we are reading, we will know what reading really is and well become better 65 .
【答案】
56.for
57.pronouncing
58 Recently
59. national
60．As
61.what
62.to show
63. has become
64.importance
65. readers
【4】
(2018福建A卷)
Ⅶ. 短文填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面的短文，根据语境、音标或单词的提示，在每个空格处填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。
Lonnie Johnson always taking things apart(分开). He 81.______ / s mta mz/ put them back together. Other times he made new things from different 82.________ (part). He learned how to use tools from his dad.
At 13, Lonnie put an old engine(发动机) on a homemade go-cart. He loved driving it around. He dreamed of 83._______ inventor. By high school, Lonnie built a remote-control robot from some waste things. This won him first prize at the Alabama State Science Fair. His friends called 84.________ “The Little Scientist.” In college, Lonnie was an excellent student. After that, he 85._______ (become) an Air Force officer, rocket scientist and business leader. 86._________ he never stopped inventing. You may have played with his most famous invention — the Super Soaker, a kind of water gun. Lonnie got the idea for this 87.________ /t / while working on another invention. When he tested a homemade part in his bathroom, it shot water 88._________ / kr s/ the room.
Today, Dr. Lonnie Johnson has more than 100 89._________ (use) inventions. However, he still keeps 90.________ (try) new things.
【短文大意】本文是记叙文。文章是关于朗尼·约翰逊的一篇人物传记。朗尼·约翰逊是一位发明家，从小他的动手能力就很强，且对事物充满了好奇心。到目前为止，他有上百个有用的发明。
81. 【答案】sometimes 考查副词的用法。句意：他有时会把他们放回去。根据音标及句意可知答案应为sometimes（有时）。故填sometimes。
82.【答案】 parts 考查名称单复数的用法。句意：其他时候，他用不同的零件做出新的东西。由空格前different可知此处使用名词的复数形式。故填parts。
83.【答案】 an 考查冠词的用法。句意：他梦想成为一名发明家。inventor首字母为元音，因此其前应使用不定冠词an。故填an。
84.【答案】 him考查人称代词的用法。句意：他的朋友都称他为“小发明家”。朗尼是一个男孩子，此处call后面接人称代词宾格。故填him。
85.【答案】 became考查动词时态的用法。句意：在那之后，他成为了一名空军官员、火箭科学家和商业领袖。根据文章可知，此处讲述的是过去的事情，应用过去时态。故填became。
86.【答案】 But 考查连词的用法。句意：但是他从没有停止过发明。根据句意可知上下文之间有转折关系，即使他已经很有成就了，但是他依然没有放弃发明东西。故填But。
87.【答案】 toy 考查名词的用法。句意：朗尼在做另一项发明的时候想到了这个玩具。根据句意及音标可知答案。故填toy。
88.【答案】 across 考查介词的用法。句意：当他在浴室里测试一个自制的零件时, 它射出了水横穿房间。根据句意及音标可知答案。故填across。
89.【答案】 useful 考查形容词的用法。句意：今天，朗尼约翰逊博士有上百个有用的发明。修饰名词inventions应使用形容词。故填useful。
90.【答案】 trying考查固定短语的用法。句意：然而，他仍然在尝试新事物。keep doing为固定短语，意为“继续做某事，一直做某事”。故填trying。
【5】
（2018·广东深圳）
语法填空。(10 分)阅读下面短文，按照句子结构或上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。(共10小题，每小题1分)
Recently, a foreign student in China gave a very touching answer to the question: What should China be proud of It was
46. (wide) spread online.Emma is from Canada. She came to China four years ago. Now she is 47. University student in Ningbo. The following is China in her eyes.“
48. (find) a job in China can be really simple. There are more job
49. (chance) here than any other country in the world." “Its public security is great. I
50. (travel) many countries so far, and I think China is really safe.'“About 400 million Chinese are studying English. China has become the country
51. has the greatest number of English speakers in non- English speaking countries." “The speed of Chinese trains is high. On my
52. (three) visit to my friend in Beijing. I took a train there. From Ningbo
53. Beijing. The train runs 1,365 kilometers for only seven hours."“I think there
54. (be) many more things China should be proud of. I believe China must be much 55. (good) than other countries."
46.【答案】widely 考查形容词副词之间的转换。此处widely修饰动词spread。意思是：它被广泛传播。
47.【答案】 a 考查不定冠词。university的第一个音标/j/ 是辅音。所以用冠词a.
48.【答案】Finding 考查非谓语动词。Finding a job in China 做 can be 的主语，动词不能作主语，需转换成动名词作主语。
49.【答案】 chances 考查名词复数。There are 后用名词复数，此处意思是：有许多工作机会。
50.【答案】 have traveled 考查时态。根据语境以及句末的“so far” 确定这儿用现在完成时态。
51.【答案】 that/which 考查定语从句中的关系代词。当主句中的先行词是物的时候，定语从句中的关系代词可以用that，也可以用which。
52.【答案】 third 考查数词。根据句意： “在我第三次去拜访北京的朋友时…”由此推断用序数词“第三---third”。
53.【答案】 to 考查介词短语。“从 …到…”的英语表达是 “from…to…”。
54.【答案】 will be 【解析】考查时态. 根据语境句意推断，此处应用将来时态， there be 句型的将来时态是：There will be …
55.【答案】 better 【解析】考查形容词比较级. 根据句意及空前的much和空之后的than，可以推断此处用比较级。中考英语介词大全
表示时间的介词about, around, before, by, at, after, in, on, around, between, during, for, from, since, till, until, within
2. 表示地点的介词
about, at, in, on, over, through, across, along, around, before, between, beyond, down, up, to, toward, under, near
介词口诀：自从以当为按照，由于对于为了到；和跟把比在关于，除了同对向往朝；用在副词动词前，修饰动副要记牢。
1.表示地点位置的介词
1)at ,in, on, to，for
at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在……附近，旁边”
in (1)表示 在大地方; (2)表示“在…范围之内”。
on 表示毗邻，接壤，“在……上面”。
to 表示在……范围外，不强调是否接壤；或“到……”
2)above, over, on 在……上
above 指在……上方,不强调是否垂直，与 below相对；
over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。
on表示某物体上面并与之接触。
The bird is flying above my head.
There is a bridge over the river.
He put his watch on the desk.
3)below, under 在……下面
under表示在…正下方
below表示在……下，不一定在正下方
There is a cat under the table.
Please write your name below the line.
4)in front [frant]of, in the front of在……前面
in front of…意思是“在……前面”，指甲物在乙物之前，两者互不包括；其反义词是behind（在……的后面）。
There are some flowers in front of the house.(房子前面有些花卉。)
in the front of 意思是“在…..的前部”，即甲物在乙物的内部.反义词是at the back of…（在……范围内的后部）。
There is a blackboard in the front of our classroom.
我们的教室前边有一块黑板。
Our teacher stands in the front of the classroom.
我们的老师站在教室前.(老师在教室里)
5）beside，behind
beside 表示在……旁边
behind 表示在……后面
2.表示时间的介词
1)in , on，at 在……时
in表示较长时间，如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般（非特指）的早、中、晚等。
如 in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in one’s life , in one’s thirties等。
on表示具体某一天及其早、中、晚。
如on May 1st, on Monday, on New Year’s Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon等。
at表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间，或泛指圣诞节，复活节等。
如at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of …, at the age of …, at Christmas， at night, at noon, at this moment等。
注意：在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。如：We meet every day.
2)in, after 在……之后
“in +段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后；
“after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后；
“after+将来的时间点”表示将来的某一时刻以后。
3)from, since 自从……
from仅说明什么时候开始，不说明某动作或情况持续多久；
since表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻，通常与完成时连用。since表示"自（某具体时间）以来"，常用作完成时态谓语
的时间状语。
since liberation（1980）自从解放（1980年）以来 They have been close friends since childhood．
他们从小就是好朋友。（1）since the war是指"自从战争结束以来"，若指"自从战争开始以来"，须说"since
the beginning of the war"。
（2）不要将since与after混淆。
比较：He has worked here since 1965．（指一段时间，强调时间段）自从1965年以来，
他一直在这儿工作。He began to work here after 1965．
（指一点时间，强调时间点）从1965年以后，他开始在这儿工作。
4)after, behind 在……之后
after主要用于表示时间；
behind主要用于表示位置。
时间名词前介词用法口诀
年前周前要用in
具体日子却要用on
遇到几号要用on
上午下午又是in
要说某日上下午
用on换in记清楚
午夜黄昏用at
黎明用它也不错
at用在时分前
说“差”可要用上to
说"过''要用past
3.表示运动方向的介词：
across, through 通过，穿过
across表示横过,即从物体表面通过，与on有关，为二维
through穿过,即从物体内部穿过，与in有关，为三维。
4.表示“在……之间”的介词：
表示“在……之间”的介词在英语中属于方位介词，如in front of ，behind ，on， in， near， under， up
between, among
between指在两个人或两个事物之间；
among指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间。
5.表示其他意义的介词
1)on ,about 关于
on 表示这本书，这篇文章或演说是严肃的，或学术性的，可供专门研究这一问题的人阅读；
about表示内容较为普通，不那么正式。
2)by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具
by 以……方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具；
with 表示用 …工具、手段，一般接具体的工具和手段；
in 表示用…方式，用…语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等；
3)except, besides 除了
except 除……之外，不包括在内；
besides 除……之外，包括在内。
Except for Mr. Wang, we went to see the film.(王先生没去)
Besides Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.(王先生也去了)
其它常用介词
介词在英语词汇中所占比例很小，但它们的用法却非常灵活,复杂。下列为常用介词及含义:
1）about 关于,附近,大约,周围,随身.
I have bought a book about Shakespearean.
我买了一本有关莎士比亚的书。
There are about fifteen trees in the picture.
图片里大约有十五棵树。
2）above 在....上,高出,以上,超过,在...上游.
The plane is flying above the clouds.
飞机在云上飞行。
I think the man is above sixty years old.
我想那人有六十多岁了。
3）across 横过,对面,交叉,在...的对面.
Can you swim across the river？
你能游过河吗？
We live across the street.
我们住在街的对面。
4）after 在...后面,依照.
He went home after school.
他放学后就回家了。
Read after me, please.
请跟我朗读。
5）against 撞到，靠着,反对,违背,
The car hit against the tree.
汽车撞了树。
He is standing against the wall.
他靠墙站着。
6）along 沿着,顺着.
They are walking along the river.
他们沿着河行走。
7）among 在...当中.（三者或三者以上）
He is the tallest among them.
他是他们当中个子最高的。
8）around 在...的周围,在...那一边.
They sat around the table talking the news.
他们绕桌而坐谈论新闻。
There is a drugstore around the corner.
拐角处有一家药店。
9）as 作为.
He doesn't like people treat him as a child.
他不喜欢人们把他当小孩子对待。
10）at 在...时刻,在...点钟,在...岁时, 向，在...之中，按...速度,值(卖)...钱, 在...（强调地点）
He always gets up at six in the morning.
他时常早上六点钟起床。
He shot at the bird but missed it.
他向鸟射击，但是没射中。
The car goes at eighty miles an hour.
汽车以每小时八十公里的速度行驶。
11）before 在...的前面(位置),在...之前(时间)
He took a picture before the car.
他在汽车前照了张照片。
He can't finish his work before supper.
晚饭前他完不成工作。
12）behind 在...的后面(位置), 落后于，不如，
迟于,晚于(时间)
Are there any brooms behind the door.
门后有扫帚吗？
All of us are behind him in mathematics.
我们数学都不如他。
13）below 在...之下,低于,
There are four lights below the ceiling.
天花板下面有四盏灯。
The murderer run away below the police's eyes.
杀人犯从警察眼皮底下跑了。
14）beside 在...的旁边,在...之外,与...相比.
He found the body beside the river.
他在河边发现了尸体。
Beside yours， my computer is too slow.
与你的计算机速度相比，我的就慢多了。
15）besides 除...之外, 还有...
We are all here besides Bowe.
除鲍外，我们也都来了。
16）between 在...两者之间,
The relations between the two countries has improved since then.
两国的关系从那以后得到了改善。
17）beyond 在...那边,
The shop you are looking for is beyond the street, you can't miss it.
你要找的商店在街的那边，你不会找不到的。
18）but 除去.
He has nothing but money.
他除钱以外什么都没有。
19）by 被..., 在...的近旁 , 在...之前, 不迟于, 以...为手段。
The classroom was cleaned by the students.
教室由学生们打扫干净了。
Miss Lucy came to China by air.
露西小姐是乘飞机来中国的。
20）down 沿着...望下。
She walked down the street.
她沿着街道走。
21）during 在...期间,在...时候。
During the holiday, we went to the south.
我们假期去了南方。
22）except 除...之外。
He knows nothing except English.
他除英语以外什么都不知道。
23）for 为..., 因为..., 至于... 。
He works for this company.
他为这家公司工作。
She came back to the classroom for she had left her books in the classroom.
她返回到教室是因为把书留在了那里。
24）from 从..., 来自..., 因为...。
Where are you from
你是哪里人？
He died from an accident.
他死于一场事故。
25）in 在..., 在...之内，从事于..., 按照..., 穿着...。
He was born in 1992.
他生于1992年。
I could finish the program in two weeks.
我可以用两周时间完成这个项目。
He spend less time in reading.
他读书时间很少。
The man in black jacket is our teacher.
穿黑夹克的那个人是我们的老师。
26）like 象...，如同...。
The twins are like their father.
双胞胎像他们的父亲。
27）near 靠近....。
There are some flowers near the house.
房子附近有一些花。
28）of ...的，属于...。
This is a map of China.
这是一张中国地图。
29）off 离开...，在...之外。
The young man got off the train quickly.
那个年青人很快下了火车。
I live in a village a little way off the main road.
我住在离大路不远的一个村庄里。
30）on 在...之上。
My book is on the table.
我的书在桌子上。
31）out of 从...出来，在...之外。
The dog run out of the house.
狗从房子里跑出来。
32）outside ... 外边.
They are waiting outside the gate.
他们在门外等着。
33）over 在...之上，遍于...之上，越过...。
There is a light over the desk.
桌子上方有盏灯。
He is over sixty years old.
他有六十多岁。
34）past 越过...，过...，超越...。
The students walked past the post office.
学生们走过了邮局。
It is ten past two.
现在是两点十分。
35）round 围着...，绕过...，在...周围。
We sat round the table.
我们围着桌子坐下。
The earth goes round the sun.
地球绕着太阳转。
36）since 自... 以后，自...以来。
He has made great progress in English since he came into the college.
从他来到大学后，他的英语有了很大进步。
37）through 经过...，穿过...。（立体层面）
They went through the forest.
他们穿过了森林。
38）throughout 遍及...，在各处。
The police searched for the criminal throughout the mountain.
警察搜山寻找犯人。
39）till 直到...，在...以前。
He didn't come back till eleven o'clock.
他直到十一点钟才回来。
We'll be home till six.
六点以前我们都会在家。
40）to 到...，向...，趋于。
How long is it from here to the station？
从这儿到车站有多远？
41）under 在...之下，低于。
There are some footballs under the bed.
床底下有几颗足球。
These students are under seventeen years old.
这些学生们不到十七岁。
42）until 直到，在...以前，
Please wait for us until we come back.
请等着我们回来。
It was not until last week that I handed in mathematics paper.
直到上周，我才交了数学论文。
43）up 在...上面，在...上。
He went up the stairs.
他上了楼梯。
44）upon 在...之上，迫近...。
It's not polite to look down upon him.
蔑视他是不礼貌的。
45）within 在...之内。
You must finish the work within two weeks.
你必须两周内完成这项工作。
46）without 没有，不，在...之外。
We can't do it better without your help.
没有你的帮助，我们就做不好。
We couldn't live without air and water.
没有空气和水，我们就不可能生存。
介词英文缩写:
介词英文缩写是prep.是英文preposition的缩写
介词用法口诀
早、午、晚要用in，at黎明、午夜、点与分。
年、月、年月、季节、周，阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in。
将来时态in...以后，小处at大处in。
有形with无形by，语言、单位、材料in。
特征、方面与方式，心情成语惯用in。
介词at和to表方向，攻击、位置、恶、善分。
日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早、午、晚，
收音、农场、值日on，关于、基础、靠、著论。
着、罢、出售、偷、公、假，故意、支付、相反，准。
特定时日和"一……就"，on后常接动名词。
年、月、日加早、午、晚，of之前on代in。
步行、驴、马、玩笑on，cab，carriage则用in。
at山脚、门口、在当前，速、温、日落、价、核心。
工具、和、同随with，具有、独立、就、原因。
就……来说宾译主，对、有、方状、表细分。
海、陆、空、车、偶、被by，单数、人类know to man。
this、that、tomorrow，yesterday，next、last、one。
接年、月、季、星期、周，介词省略已习惯。
over、under正上下，above、below则不然，
若与数量词连用，混合使用亦无关。'
beyond超出、无、不能，against靠着，对与反。
besides，except分内外，among之内along沿。
同类比较except，加for异类记心间。
原状because of,、 owing to、 due to表语形容词
under后接修、建中，of、from物、化分。
before、after表一点, ago、later表一段。
before能接完成时，ago过去极有限。
since以来during间，since时态多变换。
与之相比beside，除了last but one。
复不定for、找、价、原，对、给、段、去、为、作、赞。
快到、对、向towards，工、学、军、城、北、上、南。
but for否定用虚拟，复合介词待后言。
ing型由于鉴，除了除外与包合。
之后、关于、在......方面，有关介词须记全。
in内to外表位置，山、水、国界to在前。
动词与介词（或副词）的搭配
add…to 加到……上 agree with 同意（某人）
arrive at(in) 到达 ask for 询问
begin…with 从……开始 believe in 相信
break into 闯入 break off 打断
break out 爆发 bring down 降低
bring in 引进 bring up 教育，培养
build up 建起 burn down 烧光
call back 回电话 call for 要求约请
call in 召来 call on 拜访 访问
care for 喜欢 carry on 继续开展
carry out 实行开展 check out 查明 结帐
clear up 整理，收拾 come about 发生，产生
come across （偶然）遇见 come out 出来
come to 共计 达到 compare…with 与……比较
compare to 比作 cut off 切断
date from 始于 depend on 依靠
devote to 献于 die out 灭亡
divide up 分配 dream of 梦想
fall off 下降 fall over 跌倒
feed on 以……为食 get down to 专心于
get through 通过 give in 让步，屈服
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人划线中考英语句子成分详细归纳
什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。
句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
英语五种基本句型列式如下：
一：Ｓ Ｖ （主＋谓）
二：Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋系＋表）
三：Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾）
四：Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
五：Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
一、Ｓ Ｖ （主＋谓）
主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！
谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come.
此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
Ｓ │ Ｖ （不及物动词）
1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。
2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。
3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。
4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。
5. Who │cares 管它呢？
6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。
7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。
8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。
二、Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋系＋表）
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。
系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义，只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词：look well面色好，sound nice听起来不错，feel good感觉好，smell bad难闻。
Ｓ │Ｖ（是系动词）│ Ｐ
1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary.这是本英汉辞典。
2. The dinner │smells │good. 这顿饭闻起来好香。
3. He │fell │in love. 他坠入了情网。
4. Everything │looks │different. 一切看起来都不同了。
5. He │is growing │tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮
6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。
7. Our well │has gone │dry. 我们的井干涸了。
8. His face │turned │red. 他的脸红了。
There be 结构：There be 表示“存在有”。这里的there没有实际意义，不可与副词“there那里”混淆。此结构后跟名词，表示“（存在）有某事物” 。
试比较：There is a boy there.（那儿有一个男孩。）
前一个there无实意，后一个there为副词“那里”。
三、Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾）
此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是“代词宾格”，如：me，him，them等。
Ｓ │Ｖ（及物动词）│ Ｏ
1. Who │knows │the answer 谁知道答案？
2. She │smiled │her thanks. 她微笑表示感谢。
3. He │has refused │to help them. 他拒绝帮他们。
4. He │enjoys │reading. 他喜欢看书。
5. They │ate │what was left over. 他们吃了剩饭。
6. He │said │"Good morning." 他说："早上好！"
7. I │want │to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。
8. He │admits │that he was mistaken. 他承认犯了错误。
四、Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give给，pass递，bring带，show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。一般的顺序为：动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。如：Give me a cup of tea, please.
强调间接宾语顺序为：动词 + 直接宾语 +介词+ 间接宾语。如：Show this house to Mr.Smith.
若直接宾语为人称代词：动词+ 代词直接宾语 +介词+ 间接宾语。如：Bring it to me, please.
Ｓ │Ｖ（及物）│ ｏ（多指人） │ Ｏ（多指物）
1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。
2. She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal. 她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。
3. He │brought │you │a dictionary. 他给你带来了一本字典。
4. He │denies │her │nothing. 他对她什么都不拒绝。
5. I │showed │him │my pictures. 我给他看我的照片
6. I │gave │my car │a wash. 我洗了我的汽车。
7. I │told │him │that the bus was late. 我告诉他汽车晚点了。
8. He │showed │me │how to run the machine. 他教我开机器。
五、Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。
宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。
名词/代词宾格 + 名词
The war made him a soldier.战争使他成为一名战士.
名词/代词宾格 + 形容词
New methods make the job easy.新方法使这项工作变得轻松.
名词/代词宾格 + 介词短语
I often find him at work.我经常发现他在工作.
名词/代词宾格 + 动词不定式
The teacher ask the students to close the windows.老师让学生们关上窗户.
名词/代词宾格 + 分词
I saw a cat running across the road.我看见一只猫跑过了马路.
Ｓ │Ｖ（及物）│ Ｏ（宾语） │ Ｃ（宾补）
1. They │appointed │him │manager. 他们任命他当经理。
2. They │painted │the door │green. 他们把门漆成绿色
3. This │set │them │thinking. 这使得他们要细想一想。
4. They │found │the house │deserted. 他们发现那房子无人居住。
5. What │makes │him │think so 他怎么会这样想？
6. We │saw │him │out. 我们送他出去
7. He │asked │me │to come back soon. 他要我早点回来。
8. I │saw │them │getting on the bus. 我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。
六、补充学习
定语、状语、同位语、独立成分、分词独立结构
但常用的英语句子并不像基本句型这样简短，这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语（modifier）而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。我们称之为：定语、状语。
1.定语：定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“……的”表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some, any, every, no构成的复合不定代词时，（如：something、nothing）；或不定式、分词短语作定语，从句作定语时，则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。
形容词作定语：
The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy；blue修饰名词pen.）
小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。
Tom is a handsome boy. 汤姆是个英俊的男孩。
There is a good boy. 有个好男孩。
数词作定语相当于形容词：
Two boys need two pens.两个男孩需要两支钢笔。
The two boys are students.这两个男孩是学生。
There are two boys in the room.房间里有两个男孩。
代词或名词所有格作定语：
His boy needs Tom's pen.他的儿子需要汤姆的钢笔。
His name is Tom.他的名字是汤姆。
There are two boys of Toms there.那儿有汤姆家的两个男孩。
介词短语作定语：
The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。
The boy in blue is Tom.穿蓝色衣服的孩子是汤姆。
There are two boys of 9, and three of 10. 有两个9岁的、三个10岁的男孩。
名词作定语：
The boy needs a ball pen.男孩需要一支圆珠笔。
It is a ball pen.这是一支圆珠笔。
There is only one ball pen in the pencil box.这个铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。
副词作定语：
The boy there needs a pen.那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。
The best boy here is Tom.这里最棒的男孩是汤姆。
不定式作定语：
The boy to write this letter needs a pen.写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。
The boy to write this letter is Tom.将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。
There is nothing to do today.今天无事要做。
分词（短语）作定语：
The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。
The pen bought by her is made in China.她买的笔是中国产的。
There are five boys left.还剩下五个男孩。
定语从句：
The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday.那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。
The boy you will know is Tom.你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。
There are five boys who will play the game.参加游戏的男孩有五个。
2.状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。
状语在句子中的位置很灵活，常见情况为：通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，地点状语一般须在时间状语之前；一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。
有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义，应注意，如：The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成“男孩喊教室里的女孩”（此时in the classroom为girl的定语），也可以理解为“男孩在教室里喊女孩”（此时in the classroom为地点状语），最好写作“In the classroom, the boy calls the girl.”
副词（短语）作状语：
The boy needs a pen very much. 男孩非常需要一支钢笔。（程度状语）
The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother. 男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔。（宾语较长则状语前置）
The boy really needs a pen. 男孩真的需要一支钢笔。（程度状语）
The boy needs a pen now. /Now, the boy needs a pen. /The boy, now, needs a pen. 男孩现在需要一支钢笔。（时间状语）
介词短语作状语：
In the classroom, the boy needs a pen.在教室里，男孩需要一支钢笔。（地点状语）
Before his mother, Tom is always a boy.在母亲面前，汤姆总是个孩子。(条件状语)
On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom. 星期天，教室里没有学生。(时间状语)
分词（短语）作状语：
He sits there, asking for a pen. 他坐在那儿要一支笔。（表示伴随状态）
Having to finish his homework, the boy needs a pen. 因为不得不完成作业，男孩需要一支笔。（原因状语）
Frightened, he sits there soundlessly.（因为）受了惊吓，他无声地坐在那儿。（原因状语）
不定式作状语：
The boy needs a pen to do his homework. 男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。（目的状语）
To make his dream come true, Tom becomes very interested in business. 为实现梦想，汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣。
名词作状语：
Come this way! 走这条路！（方向状语）
状语从句：
时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、比较状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句
3.同位语：同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分，近乎于后置定语。如：
We students should study hard. (students是we的同位语，都是指同一批“学生”）
We all are students. (all是we的同位语，都指同样的“我们”）
4.独立成分：有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分，称为句子独立成分(注意：区别于分词独立结构)。
感叹词：oh, hello, aha, ah,等。
肯定词：yes
否定词：no
称呼语：称呼人的用语。
插入语：一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等。
如：The story, I think, has never come to the end.我相信，这个故事还远没结束。
情态词：表示说话人的语气（多作为修饰全句的状语），perhaps也许，maybe大概，acturely实际上，certainly当然，等。
5.分词独立结构：分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致! 否则应有自己的逻辑主语，构成分词独立结构。中考英语考前速记语法要点汇总
1．建议
advice 建议，忠告（不可数）;
suggestion建议（可数）
________ useful advice you gave me! (What)
________ valuable suggestion you have offered me! (What a)
2. room / space / place:
room“房间”（可数）;“空间”（不可数）
Could you make some room for me
你能为我让一下空间吗？
space“太空; 空间” （不可数） in space在宇宙太空
Is there any space for me in the car
车里有给我留的空间吗？(此处和room的含义相当)
place“地方”（可数），指某一具体地点。
I want to live in a place which is warm in winter.
我想住在冬季温暖的一个地方。
It is a wonderful place to go (to).
3. news/ information/ message
news新闻，消息（不可数）;
information信息（不可数）;
message音信，口信（可数）：
Can I take a message for you
May I leave a message
4. job/ work
job, 可数：
I have a job as a teacher.
work, 不可数：
I cannot find work in this town.
5. 声音voice/ noise/ sound
voice指人的声音或嗓音;
noise指难听刺耳的噪音，吵闹声;
sound指声音的总称。
6. 数量 number / amount
number 指可数名词的数量;
amount 指不可数名词的数量
7.the/ a number of
the number of “…的数量”；
a number of: “许多的”, 都跟可数名词复数。
前者作主语，谓语用单数；后者作主语，谓语用复数。
The number of the trees______ two thousand. （用单数谓语is. 另注意trees前有限定词）
A number of trees ________ been cut down. （用复数谓语have. 另注意trees前无限定词）
8. other; else
other 修饰名词，放于名词前。
else修饰疑问词和不定代词、不定副词，放在后面。
What else can you see in the picture
Do you have anything else to say
Where else can you see it
Jim is taller than any _____ boy in his class. (other)
9. well/ good
well:1)adj 指身体健康状况好：
You look well today.
2) adv 修饰动词或形容词: sell well畅销，do well in ; be well worth doing 很值得做
good：adj.修饰人或物 be good at; smell good
The clothes look _______ and they sell _______ on the market. (good; well)
10. already/ yet
already用于肯定句; yet用于否定句和疑问句
11. also; too; as well; either
“也”：either, 用于否定句的末尾。
also, 通常挨着动词，少用于句尾。
too, 通常在句尾，前常有逗号。
as well, 只用于句尾, 前无逗号。
注意：后三个词都不用于否定句。
12. before; ago
ago“…时间前”结构：时间段+ago, 用于一般过去时。
The Greens moved to Shanghai four weeks ago. I saw it ten minutes ago.
(若有since+时间段+ago，常用现在完成时：Mr. Li has worked here since 5 years ago.)
before 单独放在句尾，常用现在完成时：“以前” I have been to London before.
(若是时间段+before,常用过去完成时，“…前”：I had seen the film two weeks before. )
13. almost; nearly; hardly
almost 几乎，差不多，后接肯定或否定词；nearly几乎，差不多，后接肯定意义的词。
hardly几乎不，表否定。
14. too much, too many与much too:
much too“过于”，加形容词或副词原级。
much too hot / slowly等。
too much“太多的”，加不可数名词。
too much work / rain等。
too many“太多的”，加可数复数。
too many books / people等。
15. a bit / a little区别：
都可作副词，后直接加形容词或副词。
I’m a bit / a little hungry. She feels a bit / a little tired.
也都可作代词（或形容词），后接不可数名词，但有所不同：
She ate a little bread and went out. (a little 直接加不可数名词)
She ate a bit of bread. （a bit先加of，再跟名词）
16. everyday与every day:
everyday是形容词，后接名词，“日常的”。
He is practicing everyday English.
every day是副词，作时间状语，“每天”。
We speak English every day.
17．wish;hope
① wish既可接to do sth. 也可接sb + to do sth. 也可接that从句.
I wish to spend my summer holiday in Qingdao. I wish you to join my party this Sunday.
I wish (that) I could be a scientist. （注：接that从句时，从句用虚拟语气。）
wish还用来接祝愿语：wish sb a great success; wish you a happy journey; wish you good luck等。
② hope接to do sth. 或that从句. 但不接sb to do sth.
I hope to receive a letter from you some day. I hope you will get well soon.
18. spend; take; cost; pay
①It + take + sb + some time + to do sth：
It took us half an hour to cut down the tree.
②物 + cost + sb + 钱：
The bag cost me thirty yuan.
若cost后无sb, 则译作“价钱是”：
The bag costs 30 Yuan.
③人+ pay + sb + 钱 + for sth： I paid the seller 200 Yuan for the bike.
④人 + spend + 时间/ 钱 + on sth / (in) doing sth.
The girl spent two hours (in) searching the Internet.
The girl always spends much money on her clothes.
spend 有时可指“度过”：spend holiday / weekends / winter
19. put on; wear; dress；in
①put on,“穿上”后接物。表行为，是短暂动词。
You should put on your coat when you leave.
②wear,“穿，穿着”后接物，表状态，是延续性动词。
He always wears the yellow sweater in winter.
③dress, “给…穿衣”后接人。
Lucy is dressing her little brother now.
be dressed in后常接具有某种特征的衣物。也可直接加表示颜色的词。
The lady is dressed in a white skirt.
The students are all dressed in yellow.
get dressed “穿好衣服”，常不接宾语:
He went out as soon as he got dressed.
dress up (as) ...“装扮（成）......”
He dressed up as a clown.
他装扮成小丑。
④in, “穿着”后接具有某种特征的衣物，表状态，是介词，不可作谓语，可作状语。
也可以直接加表示颜色的词。
The woman in a white skirt is my teacher.
I want to talk to the boy in black.
(我想找那个穿着黑衣服的男孩谈谈。)
20. reach; arrive; get 到达：
①get to + 地点 get to Shanghai / London / China
接地点副词时，不带to. get there / home / here.
②arrive in+大地点(如Beijing / Zhengzhou)，arrive at+小地点(如school / hospital)
arrive只作不及物动词，所以也可单独用：
Please ring me up when you arrive.
③reach只作及物动词，后直接加地点：reach Beijing / England
但常不说reach home / there / here.
21. talk, tell, say, speak:
①talk只作不及物动词。
Don’t talk in class.
Shall we talk about our English study
He is talking with his teacher.
May I talk to you
(注意talk接人和接物时介词搭配不同：talk with / to sb ; talk about sth)
②tell只作及物动词,“告诉；讲”。常接双宾结构（tell sb sth.）,常用短语有：tell a lie; tell the truth; tell the difference between ---; tell sb a story; tell a joke
③say必须接有内容，或逻辑上有内容作宾语。 （所接内容见以下划线部分）
Please say it in English.
How do you say that in English
Please show me what to say..
Do you have anything to say
I must say sorry to you.
④speak ●“说话”不及物动词。
●接人时先加介词to. May I speak to Mr. Smith
●也可译为“说”，作及物动词，后接语言。Do you speak English / Chinese
22. win与beat区别：
都有“赢”的意思。win后加物：
而beat后加的是人，也可译为“打败”：
I’m afraid they will beat us.
23. leave; forget
①leave可指“离开”
leave Zhengzhou for Wuhan
离开郑州到武汉
② leave留下；忘记
I left my book at home.
leave后接地点，而forget后无地点。如：
Sorry, I forgot the money.
24. take, bring, fetch与carry:
都译为“拿”。
◆take“拿走”，从说话人处带到另一处。Could you take the rubbish out when you leave
◆bring“带来”，从另一处带到说话人处。Don’t forget to bring your homework here tomorrow.
◆get“去拿来”，先到另一地拿东西，然后再返回到说话人处。
如：When you go back to the classroom, please get me my pen.
◆carry“拿、搬、扛”，没有特定方向。Tim is carrying a box.
25. receive; accept
receive指收到，但不一定接受；accept 指接受，收下
I ________ a gift from one of my friends, but I don’t want to _________ it. (receive; accept)
26. put 短语
put on (穿上)
put off (推迟)
put away (把…整理好)
put up (举起，搭起，挂起，张贴)
put down (放下)
put out(扑灭);
27. turn短语
turn on 打开
turn off 关闭
turn up 调大
turn down 关小
turn out 结果是
turn to sb 向某人求助
28. give 短语
give away 赠送
give out 发放
give up 放弃
give back 归还
give in 屈服，让步
29. take 短语
take off 脱下，起飞
take away 拿走
take out 拿出
take in 吸收
take up 从事
30.look 短语
look up 查找
look over 仔细查看
look after 照看
look out 当心
look through 浏览
31. used 短语
used to do sth过去常常做某事
be used to doing sth习惯于做某事
be used to do sth =be used for doing sth被用来做某事
32．keep, make, get, have用法：
①keep + sb / sth doing sth “让…一直做…”
I’m sorry for keeping you waiting so long.
(区别：keep + doing sth “坚持做某事，一直做某事”)
②make + sb / sth do sth让…做某事(接动原）
I’ll try to make you understand what I mean.
make若用于被动语态，原有后接动词原形要改为带to不定式(本文源自锦鲤英语微信公众号)：
I made him wait for long.
→He was made to wait for long.
③get + sb / sth to do sth.让…做某事。
He got Peter to buy him a pen.
④have + 宾语+ 动词原形 / ing / 过去分词
Have him do it, please.
让他做它吧。（him 和 do 逻辑上形成主谓关系，do用原形。）
We had the machine working.
我们让机器一直工作着。（让某物一直在进行着某事。）
We had the machine repaired.
我们让人修理了那台机器（让机器被修理了，表被动。）
⑤也都可接形容词：keep safe / busy, keep the door closed / open,
make us happy, get the door closed, have everything ready.
33. in/ after+一段时间
in+一段时间，用于将来时，用how soon提问。
after+一段时间，用于过去时
34.through / past / across 区别:
都可作介词，“穿过”，前常有位移动词(以下黑体部分)。
He climbed through the window and saw what he could take away.
（从内部穿过）
He went past me without saying any words.
（从旁边经过）
He swam across the river.
（从表面经过）【through,内部; past,旁边; across,表面】
位移动词 + past相当于动词pass; 位移动词 + across相当于动词cross.
35. since/ for +时间
since+过去某时间（点）
for+一段时间（段），
常用于完成时，强调动作的延续性，用how long提问。
36. in front of/ in the front of
in front of在物体外部的前面; in the front of在物体内部的前面
37. 乘交通工具之表达:
①by bike / car / sea (ship) / air (plane) (前无冠词，且不用复数)
②on a horseback / his bike / the plane / a ship (有冠词或限定词)
③in his / a car (car前用in)
④on foot
⑤动词短语: ride a bike / a horse; drive a car; walk; take a plane / taxi / bus; fly等。
38.常见带介词to的短语：
prefer…to…(与---相比较更喜欢)；
look forward to …(期待；渴望)；
pay attention to…(注意)；
be\ get used to …(习惯于)；
devote…to…(致力于)
put one’s effort into…把某人的精力投身到……
make great contribution to对……做出贡献(以上短语可接名词或代词，若接动词，需用ing形式)
the key to…(…的钥匙) ,
the answer to--- （…的答案)；
reply to (….的答复)；
lead to …(引起…);
the clue to（---的线索）;
the witness to（---的证人）
39．连词if/whether
if 如果(引导条件状语从句，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时) / 是否(引导宾语从句，根据时间确定时态)：
Do you know if he will go to the post office
If he goes there, I will ask him to buy me some stamps.
两个if, 前者“是否”；后者“如果”，观察其后时态的不同。
whether “是否”引导宾语从句（相当于if），whether可接or （not）, 也可接带to不定式。而if 则不可。
另外，if从句中用any，常不用some。
40．how long / how often / how soon / how far:
①how long 是对长度或时间段提问。
②how often是对频率提问，如：never, sometimes, often, usually, always, once a week, twice a day, three times a year, every day / every four years等。
若只有次数，则用how many times 提问：
How many times do you watch TV a week -Twice. / only once.】
③how soon 是对“in + 时间段”提问：
④how far是对以下三种表达法的提问：
—How far is it from your home to the school 有以下三种回答：
▲—It’s five minutes’ walk / an hour’s ride / thirteen minutes’ bus ride.
▲—It’s about 20 kilometers away. (注意回答时不再用far,而用away)
▲—It’s 15 minutes by bus / on foot / by train / by bike.
41.主谓一致：
◇One / Neither of you is right. （单数谓语）
◇Tom, with his friends, has gone. (主语是Tom, 单数谓语)
◇This pair of shoes looks beautiful. would you like to try them on （主语是pair, 谓语用单数,但代词用复数）
◇Every boy and every girl has a chance to do it. （此结构中用单数谓语）
◇We each have a car. (主语是we, 用复数)
◇Each of us has a car. (主语是 each, 单数谓语)
◇The old need to be looked after carefully.
The young are energetic.
(the 加形容词表一类人或物，谓语用复数)
◇Mr. and Mrs. Green are from America.
指格林夫妇 (复数谓语) 本文源自锦鲤英语微信公众号
◇The teacher and writer is an able man.
指教师兼作家, 一个人，单数谓语。
◇Both you and I are excited about the news. （both…..and …做主语，谓语用复数）
◇Not only you but also I am a student.
(not only--, but also---; neither---nor---; either---or---; there be有就近原则)
◇Ten years has passed since he came here.
(时间、金钱以及表度量衡的词做主语表单数)
42. there be用法：
●常有以下结构: there may be（可能有）/ must be(一定有) / used to be(曾经有)
●there be在不同时态中的形式：There is/are/was/were/will be/is(are) going to be/have(has)been。
●there be 后接的是表示泛指的名词，单数名词前用不定冠词。There is a dog under the desk.
●There is only a student taking notes now. (划线部分逻辑上是主谓关系，动词加ing)
43. 常见后接动词原形的词或短语:
使役动词（let make have）
情态动词（can may must...）
助动词（do does did）
why not
had better
would rather
would you please
【注意否定形式：had better / would rather /would you please直接加not + 动原】
44.常见后接动词ing的词或短语：
finish
enjoy
practice
imagine
suggest
spend
consider
miss(错过)
keep/ mind
feel like
prefer…to…
can’t help（禁不住）
be busy
be worth（值得）
give up
have fun
have a good time
have trouble (in)
have problems (in)
have difficulty (in)/+doing
45. have gone to/have been to/have been in:
①have gone to+地点“已去了…（还未回来）”
-I can’t find those children, where are they
-They have gone to the farm. (去了农场，不在这儿)
②have been to+地点“去过…（原来去过，现在已回） ”句尾常接次数或地点。
She has been to Qingdao three times.
I have never been there before.
Where have you been 你去哪儿了？(Where后省略to)
③have been in + 地点，“已在…（多久了） ”句尾常接for + 时间段，或since + 过去时间点。
Peter has been in China for a long time.
46. be + 形 + of sb 与 for sb的区别：
①It’s kind of you to help me.
你帮助我真好。
解释：kind, nice, good, clever, foolish，lazy等词表示的是人的特点或性格。此句相当于在说You are kind to help me. 形容词在描述人而不是事，此情况下介词用的是of.
②It’s easy for you to do the work.
对你来说做这事是容易的。
解释：easy，difficult, necessary, important, dangerous, interesting等词不是说人，而是说事，相当于To do the work is easy。此情况下介词用的是for. 又如：It’s dangerous for us to climb the mountain.是说“爬山”这件事是危险的。故用for.
47. 条件与祈使:
有时条件句可以与祈使句相互转换。注意以下句子结构有何不同。
①If you work hard, you will achieve your dream. 含条件句，相当于：
Work hard, and you will achieve your dream. 含祈使句，用and连接后一句子。
②If you don’t listen carefully, you won’t understand it. 相当于：
Listen to me carefully, or you won’t understand it.用or (否则）连接后一句子。
You won’t understand it unless you listen to me carefully.
48.动词seem 的常用句型：
①It seems that +从句
It seems that he feels very sad.
②seems + adj……看起来好像…
He seems very sad.
③sb. seem to do sth.
He seems to feel very sad.
49.要某人做某事的常用句型：
ask sb. to do 叫…做某事;
ask sb. not to do sth.叫…不要做某事
tell sb. to do 告诉…做某事;
tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉…不要做某事如：
The teacher asked me to clean the classroom.
I was asked to clean the classroom by the teacher.
“Don’t clean the classroom.” The teacher said.(改为间接引语)
The teacher told me not to clean the classroom.
50.表达“更喜欢……”的常用句型：
①prefer sth. 更喜欢某事
I prefer English. 我更喜欢英语。
②prefer A to B. 同…相比更喜欢A .
I prefer dogs to cats.
③prefer doing A to doing B. 宁愿做A而不愿干B。
④like A better than B. 同B相比更喜欢A
⑤prefer to do A rather than do B. 同B相比更喜欢A.
⑥would rather do A than do B. 同B相比更喜欢A.
51．“该到某人做某事的时间了”句型：
①It’s time(for sb) to do sth
②It’s time for + n / doing .
③It’s one’s turn to do sth.
52．“自从……已多久”的句型
①It’s +时间段+ since+过去时态的从句.
②It has been + 时间段+ since+过去时态的从句.
③时间段 + has passed since+过去时态的从句.
It’s three months since he left his hometown .
= He left his hometown three months ago .
= Three months has passed since he left his hometown .
53．“the+比较级……，the+比较级……”“越……，越……”句型
The more you eat , the fatter you are .
你吃得越多，就越胖。
54．“比较级+ and +比较级”“越来越”的句型; more and more +多音节形容词
He becomes stronger and stronger .
他越来越健壮。
Our scholl is getting more and more beautiful.
55. 比较级前+the特例
He is the taller of the two.
(他是两个当中较高的那个，the表特指)
56．＂你最好做．．．．．＂句型
had better + do sth＂你最好．．．．＂
had better not + do sth “你最好不．．．＂
57．“问路”的句型
①the way to the……
②Can\Could you tell me how I can get to the ……
③how to get to the ……
④which is the way to the ……
⑤where the --- is
58. “……出毛病了，怎么了”的句型, 句中的what 为主语。
①What’s wrong with sb\sth
②What’s the matter with sb\sth
③What’s the trouble with sth\sb
④There is something wrong with sb\sth.
= Something is wrong with sb/sth.
= sth is broken.= sth doesn’t work.
59．“对事物看法如何”的句型
①What do you think of sb\sth
②How do you like sb\sth
= How do you find sb\ sth
60．“问天气如何”的句型
①What’s the weather like today
②How is the weather
61．对某人的评价
What’s sb like
---He/ She is friendly and helpful.(人品或外貌)
What does sb look like
---He/She is tall and slim.（外表长相）
62. 询问职业：
What is sb ---He/She is a teacher.
询问身体：
How is sb ---He/She is well.
63． “find / think + it（形式宾语）+ adj to do sth.”简单句句型
I find it difficult for me to learn English well .
（it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式to learn English well , difficult是形容词作宾补）= I find it is difficult for me to learn English well .（宾语从句形式—复合句）
64．It is +过去分词 +that...
It is said that+ 从句,“据说……”，相当于They say---
It is believed that 从句, “据信……
It is reported that the book will come out soon. 据报道---
65．否定前移
think/ believe/expect等后接从句时，从句中的否定要前移到主句中来。
I don’t think you are right, are you
（主句主语是第一人称，反意疑问句根据从句来变。）
I don’t believe he will come today, will he .
66. find和think用法:
find / think + 宾语 + 宾语补足语。(代替宾从)
宾补有以下情况：
①名词短语 John found him a clever boy.
②形容词短语 Mrs. Smith thinks her kind.
③有时宾补后可接带to不定式 I found it hard to fool the girl.
④.find后也有v-ing形式作宾语补足语 I found him reading a book just now.
67．计量表达法：
数量+单位+形容词。
The street is two kilometers long.
That boy can jump four meters away.（此处不用far） The fish is five kilos heavy.
The street is forty meters wide.
This baby is only six months old.
若计量表达的后面跟有名词，则要用连字符，单位不用复数。
They dug an eight-meter-deep hole.
I bought a 10-kilo-heavy fish.
It’s a piece of 2-meter-thick ice.
They built a 50-meter-wide street.
It’s a two-month holiday.
She is a three-child mother.
(最后两句计量中省略了形容词)
68. 定语从句中关系词的选择：
当先行词指人时，常用who 或that; 当先行词是物时，常用which或that。
但当先行词前有最高级、序数词、the only等词修饰时只用that。中考英语重点英语词组汇总
1．agree with 同意……的意见(想法)；符合
I can’t agree with you about that.
就那件事，我无法同意你的看法。
2．listen to倾听……
When she arrived,1 was listening to English．
她来的时候，我正在听英语。
3．get to 到达
I get to school at about 7：30 every day，and I get home at 5：00 in the afternoon．
我每天7：30到校，下午5：00到家。
4．fall off (从……) 掉下
Thegirl fell off the bike．
女孩从自行车上摔了下来。
5．knock at／on 敲(门、窗)
There was a heavy knock at the door．
有人在猛烈地敲门。
6．laugh at 嘲笑
It’s not good to 1augh at a person who is in trouble．
讥笑一个陷于困境的人是不对的。
7．1earn…from… 向……学习......
Bob,you should learn from your brother．He does well in his homework．
鲍勃，你应该向你哥哥学一学。他的作业完成得很好。
8．1ive on 继续存在；靠……生活
People in my hometown live on rice．
我家乡的人们靠大米为生。
9．1ook after 照顾，照看
I must look after my old grandma when my parents are not at home．
父母不在家时，我必须照顾我的老奶奶．
10．help…with 帮助……做……
My friend helps me with my English study．
我的朋友帮助我学习英语。
11．at the end of 在……的结束时，在……末尾
Weare given an examination at the end of each month．
我们每个月底都有一场考试。
12．be keen on 喜欢，热爱，醉心于……
Iam keen on studying English．
我热心于学习英语。
13．next to 旁边的
Who’s the boy sitting next to you
坐在你边上的那个男孩是谁
14．in the middle of 在……中间
Don't put the sand in the middle of the path!
别把沙子倒在路中央。
15．work as 担任，从事
I will study science well and work as a scientist．
我要学好科学，将来做个科学家。
16．be responsible for 为……负责，形成……的原因
He was responsible for making plans for the meeting．
他负责做会议计划。
17．pay for 为……付钱，赔偿
We have to pay 345 yuan for the cost of the trip．
我们必须为这次旅行交345元。
18．for free 免费地，无偿地
The website provides English vocabulary to everyone for free．
这个网站免费向每一个人提供英语词汇。
19．try one’s best 竭尽所能；尽力，尽自己最大努力
Students ought to try their best to learn all subjects well．
学生应该尽力学好每一门功课。
20．believe in 信仰，信任
We do not believe in God．
我们不相信上帝。
21.keep fit 保持健康
We must do sports to keep fit．
我们必须参加体育锻炼，保持身体健康。
22．get on well 和睦相处
We all get on well with eachother here in the schoo1．
我们大家在学校里都和睦相处。
23．the same…as 和……同样的
I feel the same as you．
我与你有同样的感受。
24．no longer 不再，己不，不复，再也不
He has been a famous musician for a long time, but he plays nolonger．
他成为有名的音乐家已很久了，但他现在不演奏了。
25．instead of 代替……，而不……
They must go out and play balls instead of staying at home.
他们必须走出去打打球，而不是呆在家里。
26.get away 走开，离开逃走
I hope to get away early in the morning．
我希望一早就动身离开。
27．break…down打破，损坏
The robbers broke the door down．
强盗们把门砸开了。
28.in addition to 除……之外(还)……
She can speak French and Japanese in addition to English．
除英语外，她还会讲法语和日语。
29．be angry with 生(某人)的气
My teacher was angry with me because 1 was late for schoo1．
我的老师对我很生气，因为我上学迟到了。
30．happen to 碰巧
I happened to meet a friend of mine in the street yesterday．
昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了我的一个朋友。
31．be unaware of 没有警觉到
He seemed to be unaware ofthe trouble he was causing．
他似乎还没有警觉到自己惹起的麻烦。
32．depend on 依靠
My success depends on myfriends’help．
我的成功是依靠我的朋友们的帮助。
33．for the time being 暂且，眼下
She’staying with her aunt for the timebeing．
她暂时住在她姨妈那里。
34．be pleased with 对……感到满意
We are sure you will be pleased with ourproducts．
我们确信您会对我们的产品感到满意的。
35．Take chargeof 负责照料，承办，掌管
My mother tries to take charge of everything in our shop．
母亲试图管理商店里的所有事务。
36．break into 闯入，强行进入，破门而入
We had to break into thehouse as we had lost the key．
因为我们弄丢了钥匙，所以不得不破门而入。
37．make mistakes 犯错误
A computer sometimes willmake mistakes．
电脑有时候也会犯错误。
38．rush down 冲下来，冲过去
When it rains heavily，water can rush down the sides of mountains．
如果雨下得很大，雨水就能顺着山冲下来。
39．make jokesabout 开玩笑，取笑某人
They make jokes about my oldhat．
他们就我的旧帽子取笑我。
40．along with 和……一起，随着，除……以外(还)
The boy came along with his parents and visited the museum．
那个男孩与父母一道参观了博物馆。
41．succeed in 在某方面取得成功
At last he succeeded inclimbing up the difficult mountain．
他终于成功地登上了这座难以攀登的山峰。
42．be made of 由……制成(看得见原材料)
The desk is made of wood．
这张桌子是由木头制成的。
43．be made from 由……制成(看不见原材料)
Wine can be made from rice，sweet potato，wheat and grape
酒可以用大米、番薯、小麦、葡萄制成。
44．feel like 想要
She really feels like havinga talk with him about his study at schoo1．
她的确想和他谈一下他在学校的学习情况。
45．take care of 照顾，爱护
P1ease take care of the babyfor me for a while，will you
请替我照顾一下这孩子，好吗
46．trade in 做买卖
They trade in their carevery three years．
他们每隔三年就以1[3汽车贴换新车。
47．in no time 很快
He’11 be back in no time．
他很快就会回来。
48．sell out 卖完
He decided to sell out allthe clothes in his shop cheaply．
他决定便宜卖掉店里的所有服装。
49．take pleasurein 从……中所获得乐趣
Mary takes pleasure inwatching TV for one hour every day．
玛丽以每天看1小时电视为乐。
50．a11 one’s life 一辈子
He lived in the countryside a11 his life．他一辈子都生活在乡下。
51．start off 以……开始，出发；开始
They start off early，so that they can catch the train．
他们出发得早，可以赶上火车。
52．complain about 抱怨
You’ve got nothing to complain about．
你没什么可抱怨的。
53．take off 脱掉
Take off your hat．It doesn’t fit you．
取下你的帽子，它不适合你。
54．right away 马上
It’s getting late．Please excuse me，but I must leave right away．
时间不早了。对不起，我得赶紧走了。
55．in return 作为回报
He gave her some roses in returnfor her kindness．
他送了她一些玫瑰以答谢她的好意。
56．shout at 大声说话，大声喊叫
Don’t shout at me．Allow me to explain．
别对我大吼大叫。让我解释嘛。
57．come back 回来
It doesn’t matter when you’llcome back．
你什么时候回来都没关系。
58．be used to(doing something) 习惯……
He is used to getting upearly．
他习惯了早起。
59．have the ability to 具备……的能力 ．
I don’t have the ability todo the job well．
我不具备做好这项工作的能力。
60．be free from 摆脱，免于
We must be free from theheavy homework．
我们必须从繁重的作业中解脱出来。
61．as 1ong as 如果，只要，既然
As long as it doesn’t rain，we can go．
只要不下雨，我们就可以去。
62．apply for 申请，请求
He applied for a job in the supermarket．
他申请超市的一份工作。
63．get upset 难过
Don’t get upset．It’s not your fault．
别难过，不是你的错。
64．be prepared to do 准备……
You must be prepared lo workhard!
你必须认真准备工作。
65．keep…from 阻止
The heavy rain kept us from coming on time．
大雨使我们没有及时到来。
66．give up 放弃
We should give up smoking in order to keep healthy．
为了健康我们必须戒烟。
67．know of 熟悉，了解
I don’t know the writer，hut I know of him．
我不认识这个作家，但我了解他。
68．put out 扑灭
At last firemen have put out a big forest fire in California．
消防队员终于扑灭了加利福尼亚洲的一场森林大火。
69．from then on 从那时起
From then on she knew she wouldwin．
她从那时起就知道自己会得胜。
70．be strict with 严格要求
You should be strict with yourselves and spend 1ess time on playinggames and more on study．
你应该严格要求自己，少玩游戏多学习。
71．fall ill 生病
She have to stay home because her son fall ill．
因为儿子生病，所以她得待在家里。
72．be grateful to 感谢，感激
This is Teacher’s Day and a time to be grateful to all teachers．
今天是教师节，也是向所有教师致谢的日子。
73．at the age of 在……年纪(岁数)
In Britain，people get to the vote at the ageof 18．
在英国，人们到十八岁有选举权。
74．in place of 代替
I will go to this meeting inplace of you．
我会代替你去参加这次会议。
75．be curious about 对……感到好奇
It is good to be curious aboutthe world around you．
对你周围的世界感到新奇是件好事。
76．lead to 导致
Too much work and too littlerest often lead to illness．
过量的工作和过少的休息会引起疾病。
77．be tired of 感到厌倦
I am tired of waiting．
我等厌烦了。
78．set up 建立，建造，创立，竖立
People plan to set up somenew factories here．
人们计划在这里开办一些新工厂。
79．search for 搜索，搜寻
After he felt better，he searched for work at thedifferent factories．
他感到好些后，就在各工厂找工作。
80．It takes sb. some time to do sth．
花费某人多少时间做某事。
It took me half an hour todo the work．
完成这项工作花了我半个小时。
81．It’s nice／kind of sb．to do… 某人做某事太好了
It’s kind of you to give meso much help．
给予我这么大的帮助，你真是太好了。
82．There is no space (room) to stand in.
没有站的地方或空间
83．1ook up 查阅
Look up the words in the dictionary when you don’t know what they mean．
不知道单词的意思，就要查阅字典。
84．hear from 收到来信
We are happy to hear from my father，although he is far away from home．
虽然父亲远离家里，但是我们很开心能收到他的来信。
85．mistake…for 误把……当作……
I often mistake him for histwin brother．
我经常误把他当作他的同胞弟弟。
86．thanks to 多亏……，因为……
Thanks to the Great GreenWall，they can growa lot more cotton than before．
多亏有了绿色长城，现在他们种的棉花比以前多得多了。
87．make friends with 与……交朋友
The students make friends with one another and usually get on well．
学生们相互交朋友，通常相处得很好。
88．because of 由于……
Because of his carelessness，he lost his money on the way home．
由于粗心大意，在回家的路上他把钱丢了。
89．be good／bad for 对……有好处／有害
Reading books in the sun isbad for your eyes．
在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好。
90．be supposed to do … 应该/被要求干……
Students are supposed tostudy hard．
学生应该好好学习。
91．bother sb. to do sth. 打扰某人做某事
I’m sorry to bother you，but can you tell me the way to thestation
我十分抱歉打扰你，但是你能告诉我怎么去车站吗
92．call sb. sth.
We all call him old Wang.
我们都称他老王。
93．care about 关心
Don’t you care about this country’s future
难倒你不关心国家的未来吗？
94．catch up with sb. 赶上某人
My English is poor and I can’t catch up with my classmates．
我的英语太差，我赶不上班上的同学。
95．come up with 提出，想出
Can you come up with a goodidea
你能想出一个好办法吗？
96．escape from 从……逃跑
The prisoners have escaped from the prison．
犯人从监狱里逃跑出来。
97．have fun doing 玩得高兴
I don’t know if mum has anyfun doing housework every day．
我不知道妈妈每天做家务是否开心。
98．have…(时间)off 放……假
People have two days offevery week．
人们每个星期有两天的假。
99．how do youlike = what do you think of你对什么的看法
How do you like the movie
你对这部电影有什么看法
100．in one’s opinion 某人认为
In my opinion，there are more．and more cars and they may do harm to our city．
在我看来，越来越多的汽车对我们的城市不利。中考英语最全最重要的固定搭配
误：deal a problem
正：deal with a problem 处理问题
误：depend sb
正：depend on sb 依靠 / 依赖某人
误：insist doing sth
正：insist on doing sth 坚持要做某事
误：knock the door
正：knock on / at the door 敲门
误：operate sb
正：operate on sb 为某人做手术
误：participate sth
正：participate in sth 参加某事
误：refer sth
正：refer to sth 查阅 / 参考某物
误：rely sb / sth
正：rely on sb / sth 依靠 / 依赖某人 / 某物
误：reply a letter
正：reply to a letter 回信
二、容易误用作不及物动词的8个及物动词
误：serve for sb
正：serve sb 为某人服务
误：marry with sb
正：marry sb 与某人结婚
误：discuss about sth
正：discuss sth 讨论某事
误：mention about sth
正：mention sth 提到某事
误：enter into a room
正：enter a room 进入房间
误：contact with sb
正：contact sb 与某人联系
误：equal to sth
正：equal sth 等于某物
误：ring to sb
正：ring sb 给某人打电话
三、17个常用“be+形容词+about”结构
be angry about 为……生气
be anxious about 为……担忧
be careful about 当心……
be certain about 确定……
be curious about 对……好奇
be disappointed about 对……失望
be excited about 对……感到兴奋
be glad about 对……感到高兴
be happy about 为……感到高兴
be hopeful about 对……抱有希望
be mad about 对……入迷
be nervous about 为……感到不安
be particular about 对……讲究 / 挑剔
be sad about 为……难过
be serious about 对……认真
be sure about 对……有把握
be worried about 为……担忧
四、10个常用“be+形容词+at”结构
be angry at 为……生气
be bad at 不善于……
be clever at 擅长于……
be disappointed at 对……失望
be expert at 在……方面是内行
be good at 善于……
be mad at 对……发怒
be quick at 在……方面敏捷
be skilful at 在……方面熟练
be slow at 在……方面迟钝
五、18个常用“be+形容词+for”结构
be anxious for 渴望
be bad for 对……有害；对……不利
be bound for 前往
be celebrated for 以……出名
be convenient for 对……方便；在……附近
be eager for渴望
be famous for 因……闻名
be fit for 适合
be good for 对……有益
be grateful for 感谢
be hungry for 渴望得到
be late for 迟到
be necessary for 对……有必要
be ready for 为……准备好
be sorry for 因……抱歉
be suitable for 对……合适
be thankful for 因……感激
be well-known for 以……出名
六、6个常用“be+形容词+from”结构
be absent from 缺席；不在
be different from 与……不同
be far from 离……远；远远不
be free from 没有；免受
be safe from 没有……的危险
be tired from 因……而疲劳
七、12个常用“be+形容词+in”结构
be concerned in 与……有关
be disappointed in 对（某人）感到失望
be engaged in 从事于；忙于
be experienced in 在……方面有经验
be expert in 在……方面是行家
be fortunate in 在……方面幸运
be honest in 在……方面诚实
be interested in 对……感兴趣
be lacking in 缺乏……
be rich in 富于，在……方面富有
be successful in 在……方面成功
be weak in 在……方面不行
八、15个常用“be+形容词+of”结构
be afraid of 害怕
be ashamed of 为……感到羞愧
be aware of 意识到；知道
be capable of 能够
be careful of 小心；留心
be certain of 确定；对……有把握
be fond of 喜欢
be free of 没有；摆脱
be full of 充满
be proud of 为……自豪
be short of 缺乏
be sick of 对……厌倦
be sure of 肯定，有把握
be tired of 对……厌烦
be worthy of 值得
九、17个常用“be+形容词+to”结构
be accustomed to 习惯于
be blind to 对……视而不见
be close to 靠近；接近
be cruel to 对……残酷；对……无情
be devoted to 献身；专心于
be equal to 等于；能胜任
be familiar to 为（某人）所熟悉
be harmful to 对……有危害
be important to 对……重要
be open to 对……开放；易受到……
be opposed to 反对
be polite to 对……有礼貌
be related to 与……有关（亲戚关系）
be rude to 对……无礼
be similar to 与……相似
be true to 忠实于；信守
be used to 习惯于
十、15个常用be+形容词+with结构
be angry with 对（某人）生气
be bored with 对……厌烦
be busy with 忙于
be careful with 小心
be concerned with 关于；与……有关
be content with 对……感到满足；对……满意
be delighted with 对……感到满意
be familiar with 熟悉；精通
be honest with 对（某人）真诚
be ill with 患……病
be patient with 对（某人）有耐心
be pleased with 对……满意；因……高兴
be popular with 受……欢迎
be satisfied with 对……满意
be strict with 对（某人）严格
十一、21个常用“in+其他词+of”结构
in advance of 在……前面
in aid of 帮助
in case of 万一；以防
in celebration of 庆祝
in charge of 负责；管理
in commemoration of 纪念
in defence of 保卫
in face of 面对
in favour of 赞成；主张
in front of 在……前面
in honor of 纪念；欢迎
in memory of 纪念
in need of 需要
in place of 代替
in possession of 拥有
in praise of 称赞
in respect of 关于；就……而言
in search of 寻找；搜寻
in spite of 虽然；尽管
in support of 支持
in view of 鉴于；考虑到
十二、14个带to doing sth的常用结构
1. 动词+介词to+动名词
(1) admit to doing sth 承认做了某事
(2) apply to doing sth 适用于做某事
(3) object to doing sth 反对做某事
(4) stick to doing sth 坚持做某事
(5) take to doing sth 喜欢上做某事，逐渐习惯做某事
2. 动词+宾语+介词to+动名词
(1) apply oneself to doing sth 专心致力于做某事
(2) devote sth to doing sth 把……用于做某事
(3) devote oneself to doing sth 献身 / 致力于做某事
(4) reduce sb to doing sth 使某人沦为做某事
3. be+形容词+介词to+动名词
(1) be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事
(2) be reduced to doing sth 使某人沦为做某事
(3) be devoted to doing sth 把时间（钱，精力等）献给做某事
4. 其他结构+介词to+动名词
(1) get down to doing sth 开始做某事，认真处理某事
(2) look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事

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