资源简介 2024届高考高三英语复习——书面表达图表类和图画类(图表类)图表作文要求将图表形式的信息转化成段落文字信息。信息以图表的形式呈现出来,考生需要弄清所给的 图表、数据、标题及文字说明等各种信息之间的关系,通过分析、研究提炼和确定文章的中心思想,得出令人信服的结论。图表作文中所说的图主要有曲线图、饼状图和柱状图等;而表则一般是统计表。图表类书面表达常以曲线图形式、流程图形式、柱形图形式、饼式图形式、数据表格形式及平面图形式出现。这 类题型具有文字少、信息简洁、要点分散等特征。图表类书面表达在近年的高考中时有出现,主要是一些关于情 况调查、生产、销售、发展进程等各种项目统计的示意图。这类统计图在日常生活中应用得非常广泛,因此,读 懂它并能用英语清晰地表述出来具有很强的现实意义。图表作文主要是介绍或说明某方面的情况,文体上属于说 明文。考生应按照说明文的形式和特点来进行写作。由于这类试题文字少、信息简洁,如果只是把图表中的内容 一点一点地记叙出来,进行清单式的罗列,就会索然乏味,并且达不到字数要求。因此,对于这类形式的书面表达,考生首先要根据图表前的文字说明,弄清楚图表的性质、内容、规律,并做到如下几点:1.细读图表,抓住特征图表中的数据信息往往较多,首先要读懂其中的符号和数字所代表的意思。然后,从图表的整体着手,认真分析各项数据,抓住其主要特征,弄懂它们所揭示的规律。经常使用的词汇有:table ,chart ,figure,graph ,describe ,tell ,show ,represent 等。2.认真审读,确定主题认真审读试题所提供的数据信息,结合文字提示,确定短文的主题。短文的主题往往隐含在图表中,需要考生从图表数据中概括出事情或事件的规律和特征,然后归纳出主题。有时,试题给出了短文的题目,也就等于为考生点明了主题。3.巧用数据,突出主题引用数据说明基本趋势,比较数据揭示基本特征。由于图表中的数据信息较多,写作时要巧妙地引用一些数 据来说明主题,不要作任何发挥。表达时,既要包含所有要点,但又不能面面俱到。经常使用的词汇有:rise , drop,reduce ,increase ,decrease ,fall,while,but ,on the contrary,however,compare...to/with... ,in contrast to,as...as,the same as,similar to,different from,difference between,among,more than,less than 等。4.词句多变,表达灵活由于图表数据比较单调,很容易使人选用相同的词语和句式进行表达,结果文章显得很乏味。因此,写作时要尽量避免重复使用同一词语或句型,选择一些异曲同工的词语和句式来表达。5.适当发挥,表明观点图表类书面表达有时要求考生在对数据进行分析、对比后,简单地谈谈自己的看法或提出建议,这属于让考 生自主发挥的部分,更是短文最精彩的部分。考生要在该部分陈述自己的看法,表明自己的观点,提出解决问题 的方法或建议。表述观点时,可以引用人们普遍的观点,也可说出自己独到的见解。借题发挥时,不可偏离主题, 只要把观点表述清楚即可,不必作更多的解释或说明。经常使用的词有:in a word,in short, generally speaking,It’s clearfrom the chart that...,we can draw the conclusion that...,we can learn/know...等。一、写作技巧对于图表作文,写作内容主要包括三个方面:描述图表信息+从中总结出变化规律+提出建议或解决 之道(这一部分可以根据实际要求进行取舍)。准备过程中,应着重从以下几个方面入手。1. 读出图表所传达的信息,并对信息进行分类将图表所传达的信息进行全面的转换,并根据不同的项目对信息进行分类,这是进行数据整合的基础, 这一过程中要尽量确保信息全面。2. 整合信息,总结规律/分析原因信息经过分类之后,以某一个标准为参照(比如时间、地域等),总结出同一对象在不同时间/地域/…… 下的变化规律,或通过对同类信息的对比分析出问题出现的原因。找出规律/原因是解决问题/提出建议的基础。3. 数据处理对数据进行处理时,要根据题干的要求,着重处理差异比较大或变化比较明显的信息。这样呈现数据时才能有所侧重,写的时候才能有详略之分。4. 段落构建一般而言,图表作文可分为三个段落来写。第一个段落点明调查/统计对象并进行图表信息的转换,转 换过 程中需要注意的是信息的取舍和详略程度。第二段主要是根据信息总结出规律或找出问题出现的原因。 第三段则主要是建议的提出或解决方法的提出。其中第一段和第二段是重点段落,第三段可根据题干要求 进行取舍。二、常用词汇1. 点明图表所反映的主题时常用的词汇:table 表格,chart 图表,diagram 图解/示意图,figure 图形/数字,describe 描述,tell 告诉,show 表明, represent描绘/展示,indicate 显示2. 分析数据差异及变化趋势时常用的词汇:(1)表示上升或增加的:rise, increase, go up(2)表示下降或减少的:decrease, fall, reduce, decline, drop, go down(3)表示变化特点的:sharply 急剧地,quickly 迅速地,rapidly 快速地,dramatically 戏剧性地,slowly 缓慢地,gradually 逐渐地。(4)表示比较的:compared different from, difference between, while, contrary, however, more than, less than。三、常用句式1(图表类满分作文必备词汇 示例1)● 表示“说明” 的常用句式在说明图表的时候, 要使用下列表示“说明” 的常用句式, 它们可以帮助读者弄清楚所引信息的出处, 有效地将你要说的话带出来。1 .As we can see from the chart/graph / table/diagram,…从图表中可以看出 ……(eg: 模板(一)How PeopleSpent Their Holidays)2 .The chart/graph / table/diagram shows/displays that,…如图所示……3 .As can be shown in/According to the chart/graph / table/diagram,…如图所示……4 .The figures/statistics in the chart reflect/show/reveal that …图表中的数据表明……5 .The chart/graph/table/diagram illustrates/describes…图表描述了……6 .It is clear/apparent from the chart/graph / table/diagram that …从图表我们可以清楚地看到……(图表类满分作文必备词汇)● 表示“数据” 的常用句式1 . …had the largest percentage/proportion of… ……在……方面具有很大的百分比。2 . …account (s) for/take (s) up 10%. … … 占有 10%。3 .Compared with A, B has a higher percentage.与 A 相比, B 有更高的比例。4 .On the top of the list is…, which accounts for 60%. 占比重最高的是…… ,占 60%。5 .At the bottom is…, which takes up 20%. 占最低比重的是…… ,占 20%。6 .A is second to B. A 仅次于 B。7 .A is ranked/rated first, followed by B at 30% and C at 25%.A 占最高比重,紧随其后的是占 30%的 B 和占 25%的 C。● 表示“数据变化” 的常用句式在描述图表的过程中,考生有必要对图表的数据进行描述,因此,掌握相应地表示变化的句式也是相当重要的。a .表示增加、减少和波动的常用结构1.The number of (private cars) increased/rose suddenly/rapidly/dramatically/substantially/considerably/sharply/steeply from…to…从…… 到…… 期间, (私家车)的数量有了急剧的增长。2 .There was a sudden/rapid/dramatic/substantial/considerable/sharp/steep increase/rise in the numberof (private cars) from…to…从…… 到…… 期间, (私家车)的数量有了急剧的增长。3 .There was a boom in the number of (private cars) from…to …从…… 到…… 期间, (私家车)的数量有了急剧的增长。4 .The number of (private cars) climbed/jumped/rose suddenly/went sharply up/soared to…in…在 ……(时间) ,(私家车)的数量猛增到……(辆)。5 .There was an evident/ apparent/ obvious increase in…from…to … .从…… 到……期间,在……方面有明显的增长。6 .The number of (private cars) increased/rose steadily/gradually from…to …从…… 到…… 期间, (私家车)的数量有了稳定持续的增长。7 .There was a steady/gradual increase/rise in the number of (private cars) from…to …从…… 到…… 期间, (私家车)的数量有了稳定持续的增长。8 .There was a slight/slow increase/rise in the number of (private cars) from…to …从…… 到…… 期间, ’ (私家车)的数量有了稍微/缓慢的增长。9 .The number of (private cars)increased/rose slightly/slowly from…to …从…… 到…… 期间, (私家车)的数量有了稍微/缓慢的增长。10 .The number of (private cars) decreased /fell /dropped suddenly /rapidly /dramatically /substantially /sharply/steeply from…to… 从…… 到…… 期间, (私家车)的数量有了急剧的下降。11.There was a sudden/rapid/dramatic/substantial/sharp/steep decrease/drop/reduction/decline in thenumber of (private cars)from…to …从…… 到…… 期间, (私家车)的数量有了急剧的下降。12 .There was a (n) evident/apparent/obvious reduction/decline in...from....to...从…… 到……期间,在……方面有明显的下降。13 .The number of (private cars) dropped sharply/went sharply down to…in …在 ……(时间) ,(私家车)的数量急剧下降到……(辆)。14 .The number of (private cars) increased/rose by …% from…to …在 ……(时间) ,(私家车)的数量增加了百分之……15 .The number of (private cars) fell/dropped/declined by …%from…to …在 ……(时间) ,(私家车)的数量下降了百分之……16 .There was a slight fluctuation in the number of (private cars) from…to …从…… 到…… 期间, (私家车)的数量有轻微的波动。b .表示变化不大或没有变化的常用结构1 .The number of (private cars) remained steady/stable/constant between…and …从…… 到…… 期间, (私家车)的数量保持稳定。2 .The number of (private cars) stayed the same between…and …从…… 到…… 期间, (私家车)的数量并没有发生变化。3 .There was little/hardly any change in the number of (private cars ) between…and …从…… 到…… 期间, (私家车)的数量并没有发生变化。4 .The number of (private cars) remained level between…and …从…… 到…… 期间, (私家车)的数量趋于稳定。5 .The number of (private cars) remained steady at approximately…between…and …从…… 到…… 期间, (私家车)的数量稳定在……(辆)左右。6 .The number of (private cars) appeared to level off.(私家车)的数量开始稳定下来了。c .表示最高点或最低点的常用结构1 .The situation/figures reached a peak/a high at …% in… 情况(数据)在……(时间)达到顶点,为……(数目)。2 .The situation/figures bottomed out at …% in…情况(数据)在……(时间)达到最低点,为……(数目)。3 .The situation/figures peaked at …% in.....情况(数据)在…(时间)达到顶点,为……(数目)。4 .The situation/figures hit a trough at ...% in…情况(数据)在……(时间)达到最低点,为……(数目)。5 .The number soared to a record high of…数量剧增至历史新高,为 ……(数目)。d .表示倍数的常用结构1 .A is twice/three times/four times what it was in…与 ……(时间)相比, A 是原来的两倍(三倍、四倍)。2 .A is twice/three times/four times the amount in…与 ……(时间)相比, A 是原来的两倍(三倍、四倍)。3 .A is twice/three times/four times as much/many as...in…与 ……(时间)相比,A 是原来的两倍(三倍、四倍):4 .A is twice/three times/four times more than...in ...与 ……(时间)相比,A 是原来的两倍(三倍、四倍)还要多。5 .From…to…, A increased/dropped more than six fold .从…… 到…… 期间, A 增加(减少)了六倍。6 .The output of steel in 1990 was 400% up compared with in 1980. 与 1980 年相比,1990 年钢铁产量增加了四倍。7 .The figure was roughly doubled/tripled/quintupled between…and…从 …… 到 …… 期间,数字大概是原来的两倍(三倍、五倍)(图表类满分作文必备词汇 示例2)1. 描述图表变化趋势的词汇上升 (v.):increase; go up; rise; improve; grow;jump; rocket; soar; surge; shoot up(猛增)上升 (n.):increase; rise; growth; jump; surge下降 (v.):fall; drop; decrease; decline; go down; sink; dipplummet; plunge(暴跌)下降 (n.):decrease, decline, fall, reduction, drop波动 (v.):fluctuate波动 (n.):fluctuation持平(v.):stabilize; remain the same trend; remain stable; remain constant; level off多条曲线趋势一致:A and B share the same trend; the trend of A happens to coincide with B2. 描述图表变化程度的词汇程度很大 significantly;considerably;rapidly;sharply;dramatically;drastically; enormously;substantially;markedly程度较轻 slightly;gradually;slowly; steadily;moderately3. 极值类词汇最高点: reach the peak/top/highest point;increase to the peak/top/highest point(所有上升类的动词都可以替换掉 increase)最低点: reach/hit the bottom/lowest point;drop to the bottom/lowest point(所有下降类的动词都可以替换掉 drop)占比最多: occupy/ make up/ take up/ account for/ the largest proportion/number/percentage of …占比最少: occupy/ make up/ take up/ account for the smallest proportion/number/percentage of…4. "大约" 的表达方式about/around + 数字数字 + or soapproximately + 数字图表类满分作文必备词汇1万能句型① The mobile-phone subscriptions soared to 4 billion in 2008.② Conversely, the urban population saw a rising trend, growing from only 300 million to 680 million by 2010.③ Domestic cars had a dramatic increase in the market share, as high as 9.8%, while/whereas(然而)Japanesecars declined by nearly 10%.④ The percentage of students taking part-time jobs remains a continuous increase all through the four years in university, starting from 67.77% in freshmen, reaching 71.13% and 71.93% respectively in sophomores andjuniors, and ending at 88.24% in seniors at length.④ 饼状图描述最大占比:We cannot fail to see that the biggest share is acquiring knowledge, with a proportionas high as 59.5%./ We cannot fail to see that the biggest share is acquiring knowledge, accounting for 59.5%.⑤ 饼状图分别描述比例:Meanwhile, it is also not difficult to find that service, environment, price and otherfactors occupy 26.8%, 23.8%, 8.4% and 4.7% respectively(分别地) .解释原因的功能句型 ● 第一句:① Three major factors / reasons give rise to (引起)the situation(情况)/ phenomenon (现象)mentionedabove.② What gives rise to the situation / phenomenon can be summarized as follows.③ It is of no difficulty to come up with(提出,想出) some possible factors for these changes.④ The contributing factors(成因) responsible for this phenomenon can be summarized as follows.⑤ What accounts for this situation At least, for my part, three factors contribute to it.⑥ This situation can be traced to (追溯到) a multitude of(众多的) factors; the fundamental ones, however, canbe sought as follows.●分条描述原因:First and foremost, these changes are closely related to...In the first place, this trend is bound up with(与...有密切关系)...In addition, we must admit that this tendency/situation also has a lot to do with ...Moreover, it must be stressed that the present situation, to a certain degree, stems from … .... is another significant factor that cannot be ignored.Finally, we may notice that ... also plays a positive roles in leading to this phenomenon.评论预测的功能句型 评论类① It is of great importance for (the government and authorities concerned) to (place a higher value on) (thepractical education and integrated development of college students).② For one thing, relevant laws and regulations have to be established and implemented (to protect the rights of college students when they take part in part-time jobs). For another, it is high time that a nationwide campaign waslaunched to educate (college students to strike a balance between their social work and study). In these ways, abrighter future will surely await the young generation when they step into real society.③ In view of the description and analysis above, I’m convinced that ....预测趋势类①From what has been discussed above, the trend can be predicated(预测) to continue in the following years withthe rapid development of economy and society.② I firmly believe that this tendency will continue in the forthcoming years.③ And there is every possible reason to believe that this condition will go on in the near future.④ And we can predict with assurance that the situation will continue maintaining an upward trend in the followingyears.⑤ Thus, how to tackle this problem properly should be placed on a high value by the public and relevantdepartments.⑥ And accordingly, immediate measures must be taken to reverse (逆 转 ) or at least ease this worseningsituation.(图表类满分作文写作模板)模板一(①Thebarchart(给出图表的出处)reflects(解释图表所反映的现象).Fromthesestatistics,itcanbeseenthat(具体说明这一现象).②Generallyspeaking,(分析这一现象产生的几点原因)factorshavecontributedtothisphenomenon.Foronething,(第一点原因).Foranother,(第二点原因).③AsfarasIamconcerned,( 发表个人看法 ).First,( 其 中一条解决办法).Second,(另外一条解决办法).)模板二(①Thetwochartsrevealthestrikingchangesin(引出图表揭示的现象).Fromthechartswecanseethatthepercentageof(其中一项变化)isgrowingsteadily,andthepercentageof(另外一项变化)risesfromto(通过具体数据加以说明),whilethepercentageof(第三项变化)decreasesdramaticallyfromto(通过具体数据加以说明).②Thechangesarechieflyduetothefollowingreasons.Tostartwith,(第一点原因).Besides,(第二点原因).Furthermore,(第三点原因).③Withtheaboveanalysis,wecanconcludethat(对以上分析加以总结).What’smore,(进一步提出解决方法))【2022·全国乙卷】学校英文报正在开展以 Learning English Beyond the Classroom 为题的讨论。请使用图表中的调查结果写一篇 短文投稿,内容包括:1 .学习活动状况描述:2 .简单评论;3 .你的建议。注意:1 .词数 100 左右;2 .短文的题目和首句已为你写好。Learning English Beyond the ClassroomThere are many things we can do to learn English well.【满分赏析】Learning English Beyond the ClassroomThere are many things we can do to learn English well. Recently a survey about how to learn English beyond the classroom has been conducted. As can be clearly seen from the statistics, appreciating English songs accounts for 65 percent compared with 50% who choose to watch movies as a way of English learning. Reading English books prove to be the less popular ways making up 18%, together with visiting English learning websites, taking up 12% . It turns out that students attach greater importance to interest and entertainment instead of traditional approachessuch as reading books when learning English.However, from my point of view, what benefits students most is reading English books, for it is one of the best ways to increase vocabulary and to strengthen the understanding of grammar. Therefore, students become bestEnglish learners quickly.(图画类)图画作文是近年来高考书面表达考查的热点题型之一。它是指根据某幅图画所提供的图像信息写一篇短文 或叙述一个故事;或通过几幅相关的图画说明某个问题或得出某个结论。体裁多样,可以是记叙文、议论 文或说明文等。图画作文要求考生将画面所包含的有效信息直接运用英语思维转成英语,旨在避免考生运用汉语思维布局谋篇。图画类作文要求将画面所包含的信息转换成文字,旨在避免汉语思维,要求直接用英语思维。它要求 根据图画提供的图像信息写一篇短文,包括叙述一个故事,或通过几幅相关的图画说明某个问题或得出结 论。图画类作文就内容而言,可以写观察到的内容,也可以根据合理想象适当进行发挥来补充一些内容; 就表达方式而言,可以单纯地理解、说明,也可以在说明中加以描写、叙述,因此该类文体不仅具有一定 的观察分析能力,还要有较强的语言表达能力、想象力和逻辑思维能力。写好图画类作文的关键是:一定 要根据自己掌握的词汇与熟悉的句型结构构思短文内容,并直接用英语表达,千万不要先想好一句句的中 文,然后逐句译成英文,那样就往往会超出自己的英语水平,作文中就会出现"生造"的英语句子,难免会出错。另外,对于与图画无关的事要少写,还要注意人称、时态的呼应,整个作文要通篇考虑。一、写作要领1.准确审题。这是看图作文写作的基础。准确审题就是注意文体、人物和时态。2.把握情境。这是看图作文的关键。要根据图画, 合理想象, 围绕特定的主题, 把握情景, (利用图中人物间的关系、人物的对话、人物的活动及所处场所,以及图中的文字说明和标识来)提炼要点等。3.发表感想。围绕主题展开合理的想象,发表自己的联想或感想。二、具体步骤1.根据提示,全面审题(1)确定体裁。针对此类题型, 考生应仔细阅读图画及文字说明, 首先确定文章体裁。目前图画作文的体 裁主要涉及记叙文、议论文和夹叙夹议文。对多幅图来说,体裁主要是记叙文,有时也会是夹叙夹议 文。多幅图有时反映了事件背后的某种现象,这样就需要加上适当的议论,进而变为夹叙夹议文。对于单幅图来说,体裁主要为议论文。(2)确定人称。如果以日记、回忆录等形式来写, 一般采用第一人称;如果是以将故事的形式来写,则一般采用第三人称。但不管用哪种人称,全文一般都必须一致。(3)确定时态。根据图画内容及所采用的的文章体裁,确定文章所要用的时态。(4)确定主题。在审题时, 考生要认真分析图画所反映的内容以及出题者的意图, 分析图画的表层含义和 深层含义,通过表层含义分析图画真正想要说明的问题是什么,从而挖掘出其深层含义以确定文章的主题。2. 认真读图,进行图文转换图画是作文的信息基础。考生应对图画进行全面而细致的研究,尤其是要注意图画中人或物的特点和 背景,确定人物之间、人物与背景之间的主要关系,以便正确掌握图画所传达的信息。如果图画以系列形 式(即多幅)出现,考生除需掌握每一幅图画的信息外,还应该对图画之间的相互联系有所了解,从整体 上把握图画所呈现的主要内容。然后将图画所传达的信息以文字的形式呈现出来,并对转换后的信息重新整合,确定主要内容。3. 确定段落,草拟提纲根据图画内容及体裁的不同采用不同的段落发展方式。一般情况下,图画作文可以当作三段式的提纲 作文来写:第一段用来描述图画并揭示其寓意(寓意一般用一句话来概括),第二段分析原因,最后一段 发表评论或提出建议。其中第二、三段是写作的重点。叙事型图画作文(通常会涉及多幅画,要求对某一事件的发生、发展进行描述)可根据图画的数目和具体内容来确定段落。4. 斟词酌句,组句成文根据要点内容, 选择恰当的词语和固定结构。结合要点间的关系及文章的体裁, 选择恰当的句子类型。一、写作技巧纵观近几年高考,图画作文大致可分为两类:事件记叙类和描画感怀类。对于事件记叙类图画作文而 言,无非是要求考生按照图画次序将事件的发生、发展及结果表达出来,此类图画作文主要采用叙述这一 表达方式。描图感怀类图画作文要求考生首先描写图画内容,之后在图画内容的基础上表达个人感想,此类图画作文通常采用描写和议论的写作手法。1. 事件记叙类图画作文写作技巧(1)大略审图,明确事件一般而言,事件记叙类图画作文的图片不止一幅,我们首先要做的是大致浏览图片,找出所要记叙的事件是什么。(2)图文转化,提炼要点每幅图片都会传达特定的信息,因为图片是静态的,上面不可能传达太多的信息,所以单幅图片的信 息量一般不会特别大。我们要把每幅图片所传达的信息找出来,这就是我们需要的要点,而所有要点集合 起来也就是文章的提纲了。所以准确找出每幅图片的信息,并将它们用文字呈现出来是写好事件记叙类图画作文的关键所在。(3)呈现要点,斟词酌句对基础比较差的学生而言,为了保险起见,用常见的词和简单的句式将各幅图中的要点表述出来,并(【特别提醒】考生在写图画作文时,有时难以取得比较理想的成绩,其原因主要有:1.观察图画不细致,不能准确地对图画内容加以分析概括;2.分不清内容的主次,从而不能层次分明地表达作文的主题;3.图与图之间的意思不衔接、不连贯;4.找出的要点太乱、太杂,没有条理性;5.不能紧扣主题,随意发挥。)用适当的词或结构将它们串联起来就可以构成一篇完整的文章。准确地完成这 样一篇要点齐全的文章基本 可以拿到比较理想的分数。如果能够在此基础上对文章的细节信 息进行合理的扩展, 并对文章的句式、结构进行优化(采用比较高级的句式、结构等),那么 得到一个很高的分数并非难事。2. 描图感怀类图画作文写作技巧描图感怀类图画作文通常只有一幅图。对于此类书面表达,所要做的基本上也就两项工作:描图和议论。描图和议论可以分为两个段落来呈现。(1)认真读图,细致描图将图中的内容用文字信息表述出来,这是一个比较客观的信息转化过程,不需要掺杂个人情感。(2)理解图魂,理出寓意从图画内容的描写中理出图画所要传达的主题,并推断出图画信息的寓意,这是对图画内容的升华,也是发表议论的基础。(3)联系实际,发表感言结合图画的寓意和生活实际,阐述个人的看法。这是图画寓意在现实生活中的回归。二、常用句式1. 描述图画部分From the picture we can see that …As is shown in the picture …As we can see in the picture …The picture shows us that …This is a funny and instructive picture, from which we can see …Look at the picture. It is a picture about …2. 论述图画寓意及所反映现象部分The picture reflects/implies that …The picture illustrates a common phenomenon in today’s society.Apparently, the picture reflects a major social problem.This sight reminds me of something in my daily life.What the picture reflects sets me thinking a lot.3. 发表评论与观点部分In my view/As for me/As far as I’m concerned, we should take measures to avoid this phenomenon happeningagain.三、写作模板As is shown in the picture above, (图画的内容). The first thing we notice is that (图画的 最 大 特 点 ).This means that (进 一 步 说 明 ) . The implied meaning of the picture should be considered/taken into account seriously/paid more attention to. First, ( 分析 、说 明原 因或结果 ① ). Second/What’s more , (分析、说明原因或结果②). Last but not least/Finally, (分析、说明原 因或结果③) And the problem has aroused the great concern/care of the whole society/world/all the people around. In my view/As for me,we should take measures to deal with the problem shown in the picture. First, we should (措施、建议、办法①). And then we have to (措施、建议、办法②). Only in these wayscan we solve/settle the problem of (图画主要问题).(2020·北京高考真题)假设你是红星中学高三(1)班班长李华。居家学习期间, 你们班开展了一次以“自律 ”为主题的调研活动。 请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序,写一篇英文稿件,给你们学校英文网站投稿,记述你在本次活动中发现问题并解决问题的过程。注意:词数不少于 60。提示词:自律 self-discipline___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【写作指导】本篇书面表达属于应用文。这是一篇图画作文, 要求考生按以下四幅图的先后顺序, 就你开展“ 自律”调研活动中发现问题并解决问题的过程写一篇英文稿件,向学校英文网站投稿。第一步:审题体裁:应用文时态:根据提示,时态应为一般过去时人称:第一人称为主结构:总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说,把支持句作为分说,并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求: 1. 表明写作主题——“ 自律”2. 根据图片描写事件过程:第一幅图片描写自己对“ 自律”调研结果很担忧;第二幅图片描写自己向父母求助解决方法/建议;第三幅图片描写自己和同学们在网上讨论如何自律;第四幅图片描写三个月后,大家自律能力有了很大提高,我和老师很高兴。【答案】One possible version:While studying at home, I surveyed my class on “self-discipline”. The findings worried me a lot.To solve the problem, I asked my parents for help, and they offered some practical advice. Then I held an onlinediscussion with my classmates on how to well discipline ourselves. After that, we all knew better what to do.Three months later, I did a second survey, which showed great improvements in self-discipline. I phoned myteacher about it, and we both felt very pleased.(Writing1)(2022·全国 · 高三专题练习) Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to theinstructions given below in Chinese.国际经合组织(OECD)对 600,000 名青少年就生活中最令他们担忧的事情进行了调查,结果如下图。请联系自身实际,谈谈最让令你担忧的事情及原因。(Writing 2)(2022·上海 · 高三专题练习) Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to theinstructions given in Chinese.下列图表反映的是某高中 2010 年与 2013 年学生健康状况调查的部分数据,请你用英语为某报写一份报告,反映你校三年间学生健康状况的变化情况,分析其中原因,并提出一些改进措施。注意事项:1.报告必须包括图表中所有内容,但不要逐条罗列;2.词数 100 左右。开头语已为你写好。A recent survey shows that the health of the students in our school has been going from bad to worse in thepast three years.(Writing3)(2022·全国 · 高三专题练习)请你根据下面图片,以“Labor Education Counts”为题写一篇英语短文,内容包括:1.你对图片的解读;2.你的一次劳动体验。注意: 1.词数 100 左右;2.题目已为你写好。(Writing 4)(2022·上海 ·模拟预测) Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructionsgiven below in Chinese.请简要描述图片内容,并结合生活或学习中的例子谈谈你对该图的理解。(Writing5)(2022·河南 · 南阳中学高三阶段练习) 假定你是李华, 你和几个朋友约定星期天在人民公园野餐。你们的英国朋友 Peter 也应邀参加。请你根据下面的示意图,给他写封短信,告诉他进公园后如何找到你们。注意: 1. 词数 100 左右; 2.开头语已为你写好(Writing1)1 .(2022·全国 · 高考真题)学校英文报正在开展以 Learning English Beyond the Classroom 为题的讨论。请使用图表中的调查结果写一篇短文投稿,内容包括:1. 学习活动状况描述;2. 简单评论;3. 你的建议。注意:1. 词数 100 左右;2. 短文的题目和首句已为你写好。(Writing 2)(2017·全国 · 高考真题) 假设你最近就安全意识方面的问题在班级范围内进行了调查, 学校英语报刊栏目有 意刊登你的调查报告.请根据下面的调查结果写一篇简短的报告。注:自里圈起,数值越大,了解该项目的人越多。注意:1.词数 100 左右; 2.无需逐一说明数值; 3.对突出的问题进行适当阐述。_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(Writing3)3 .(2020·北京 · 高考真题) 假设你是红星中学高三(1)班班长李华。居家学习期间, 你们班开展了一次以“ 自 律”为主题的调研活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序, 写一篇英文稿件, 给你们学校英文网站投稿, 记述你在本次活动中发现问题并解决问题的过程。注意:词数不少于 60。提示词:自律 self-discipline___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(Writing 4)(2019·北京 · 高考真题) 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们班上周组织了一次以“劳动最光荣”为主题的社会实践活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序,写一篇英文周记,记述整个过程。注意:词数不少于 60。提示词:西瓜 watermelon_____(Writing5)(2018·北京 · 高考真题) 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华, 请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序, 写一篇英文周记,记述你们上周接待外国学生,带领他们体验中国茶文化的全过程。注意:词数不少于 60。(请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内)2024届高考高三英语复习——书面表达图表类和图画类(图表类)图表作文要求将图表形式的信息转化成段落文字信息。信息以图表的形式呈现出来,考生需要弄清所给的 图表、数据、标题及文字说明等各种信息之间的关系,通过分析、研究提炼和确定文章的中心思想,得出令人信服的结论。图表作文中所说的图主要有曲线图、饼状图和柱状图等;而表则一般是统计表。图表类书面表达常以曲线图形式、流程图形式、柱形图形式、饼式图形式、数据表格形式及平面图形式出现。这 类题型具有文字少、信息简洁、要点分散等特征。图表类书面表达在近年的高考中时有出现,主要是一些关于情 况调查、生产、销售、发展进程等各种项目统计的示意图。这类统计图在日常生活中应用得非常广泛,因此,读 懂它并能用英语清晰地表述出来具有很强的现实意义。图表作文主要是介绍或说明某方面的情况,文体上属于说 明文。考生应按照说明文的形式和特点来进行写作。由于这类试题文字少、信息简洁,如果只是把图表中的内容 一点一点地记叙出来,进行清单式的罗列,就会索然乏味,并且达不到字数要求。因此,对于这类形式的书面表达,考生首先要根据图表前的文字说明,弄清楚图表的性质、内容、规律,并做到如下几点:1.细读图表,抓住特征图表中的数据信息往往较多,首先要读懂其中的符号和数字所代表的意思。然后,从图表的整体着手,认真分析各项数据,抓住其主要特征,弄懂它们所揭示的规律。经常使用的词汇有:table ,chart ,figure,graph ,describe ,tell ,show ,represent 等。2.认真审读,确定主题认真审读试题所提供的数据信息,结合文字提示,确定短文的主题。短文的主题往往隐含在图表中,需要考生从图表数据中概括出事情或事件的规律和特征,然后归纳出主题。有时,试题给出了短文的题目,也就等于为考生点明了主题。3.巧用数据,突出主题引用数据说明基本趋势,比较数据揭示基本特征。由于图表中的数据信息较多,写作时要巧妙地引用一些数 据来说明主题,不要作任何发挥。表达时,既要包含所有要点,但又不能面面俱到。经常使用的词汇有:rise , drop,reduce ,increase ,decrease ,fall,while,but ,on the contrary,however,compare...to/with... ,in contrast to,as...as,the same as,similar to,different from,difference between,among,more than,less than 等。4.词句多变,表达灵活由于图表数据比较单调,很容易使人选用相同的词语和句式进行表达,结果文章显得很乏味。因此,写作时要尽量避免重复使用同一词语或句型,选择一些异曲同工的词语和句式来表达。5.适当发挥,表明观点图表类书面表达有时要求考生在对数据进行分析、对比后,简单地谈谈自己的看法或提出建议,这属于让考 生自主发挥的部分,更是短文最精彩的部分。考生要在该部分陈述自己的看法,表明自己的观点,提出解决问题 的方法或建议。表述观点时,可以引用人们普遍的观点,也可说出自己独到的见解。借题发挥时,不可偏离主题, 只要把观点表述清楚即可,不必作更多的解释或说明。经常使用的词有:in a word,in short, generally speaking,It’s clearfrom the chart that...,we can draw the conclusion that...,we can learn/know...等。一、写作技巧对于图表作文,写作内容主要包括三个方面:描述图表信息+从中总结出变化规律+提出建议或解决 之道(这一部分可以根据实际要求进行取舍)。准备过程中,应着重从以下几个方面入手。1. 读出图表所传达的信息,并对信息进行分类将图表所传达的信息进行全面的转换,并根据不同的项目对信息进行分类,这是进行数据整合的基础, 这一过程中要尽量确保信息全面。2. 整合信息,总结规律/分析原因信息经过分类之后,以某一个标准为参照(比如时间、地域等),总结出同一对象在不同时间/地域/…… 下的变化规律,或通过对同类信息的对比分析出问题出现的原因。找出规律/原因是解决问题/提出建议的基础。3. 数据处理对数据进行处理时,要根据题干的要求,着重处理差异比较大或变化比较明显的信息。这样呈现数据时才能有所侧重,写的时候才能有详略之分。4. 段落构建一般而言,图表作文可分为三个段落来写。第一个段落点明调查/统计对象并进行图表信息的转换,转 换过 程中需要注意的是信息的取舍和详略程度。第二段主要是根据信息总结出规律或找出问题出现的原因。 第三段则主要是建议的提出或解决方法的提出。其中第一段和第二段是重点段落,第三段可根据题干要求 进行取舍。二、常用词汇1. 点明图表所反映的主题时常用的词汇:table 表格,chart 图表,diagram 图解/示意图,figure 图形/数字,describe 描述,tell 告诉,show 表明, represent描绘/展示,indicate 显示2. 分析数据差异及变化趋势时常用的词汇:(1)表示上升或增加的:rise, increase, go up(2)表示下降或减少的:decrease, fall, reduce, decline, drop, go down(3)表示变化特点的:sharply 急剧地,quickly 迅速地,rapidly 快速地,dramatically 戏剧性地,slowly 缓慢地,gradually 逐渐地。(4)表示比较的:compared different from, difference between, while, contrary, however, more than, less than。三、常用句式1(图表类满分作文必备词汇 示例1)● 表示“说明” 的常用句式在说明图表的时候, 要使用下列表示“说明” 的常用句式, 它们可以帮助读者弄清楚所引信息的出处, 有效地将你要说的话带出来。1 .As we can see from the chart/graph / table/diagram,…从图表中可以看出 ……(eg: 模板(一)How PeopleSpent Their Holidays)2 .The chart/graph / table/diagram shows/displays that,…如图所示……3 .As can be shown in/According to the chart/graph / table/diagram,…如图所示……4 .The figures/statistics in the chart reflect/show/reveal that …图表中的数据表明……5 .The chart/graph/table/diagram illustrates/describes…图表描述了……6 .It is clear/apparent from the chart/graph / table/diagram that …从图表我们可以清楚地看到……(图表类满分作文必备词汇)● 表示“数据” 的常用句式1 . …had the largest percentage/proportion of… ……在……方面具有很大的百分比。2 . …account (s) for/take (s) up 10%. … … 占有 10%。3 .Compared with A, B has a higher percentage.与 A 相比, B 有更高的比例。4 .On the top of the list is…, which accounts for 60%. 占比重最高的是…… ,占 60%。5 .At the bottom is…, which takes up 20%. 占最低比重的是…… ,占 20%。6 .A is second to B. A 仅次于 B。7 .A is ranked/rated first, followed by B at 30% and C at 25%.A 占最高比重,紧随其后的是占 30%的 B 和占 25%的 C。● 表示“数据变化” 的常用句式在描述图表的过程中,考生有必要对图表的数据进行描述,因此,掌握相应地表示变化的句式也是相当重要的。a .表示增加、减少和波动的常用结构1.The number of (private cars) increased/rose suddenly/rapidly/dramatically/substantially/considerably/sharply/steeply from…to…从…… 到…… 期间, (私家车)的数量有了急剧的增长。2 .There was a sudden/rapid/dramatic/substantial/considerable/sharp/steep increase/rise in the numberof (private cars) from…to…从…… 到…… 期间, (私家车)的数量有了急剧的增长。3 .There was a boom in the number of (private cars) from…to …从…… 到…… 期间, (私家车)的数量有了急剧的增长。4 .The number of (private cars) climbed/jumped/rose suddenly/went sharply up/soared to…in…在 ……(时间) ,(私家车)的数量猛增到……(辆)。5 .There was an evident/ apparent/ obvious increase in…from…to … .从…… 到……期间,在……方面有明显的增长。6 .The number of (private cars) increased/rose steadily/gradually from…to …从…… 到…… 期间, (私家车)的数量有了稳定持续的增长。7 .There was a steady/gradual increase/rise in the number of (private cars) from…to …从…… 到…… 期间, (私家车)的数量有了稳定持续的增长。8 .There was a slight/slow increase/rise in the number of (private cars) from…to …从…… 到…… 期间, ’ (私家车)的数量有了稍微/缓慢的增长。9 .The number of (private cars)increased/rose slightly/slowly from…to …从…… 到…… 期间, (私家车)的数量有了稍微/缓慢的增长。10 .The number of (private cars) decreased /fell /dropped suddenly /rapidly /dramatically /substantially /sharply/steeply from…to… 从…… 到…… 期间, (私家车)的数量有了急剧的下降。11.There was a sudden/rapid/dramatic/substantial/sharp/steep decrease/drop/reduction/decline in thenumber of (private cars)from…to …从…… 到…… 期间, (私家车)的数量有了急剧的下降。12 .There was a (n) evident/apparent/obvious reduction/decline in...from....to...从…… 到……期间,在……方面有明显的下降。13 .The number of (private cars) dropped sharply/went sharply down to…in …在 ……(时间) ,(私家车)的数量急剧下降到……(辆)。14 .The number of (private cars) increased/rose by …% from…to …在 ……(时间) ,(私家车)的数量增加了百分之……15 .The number of (private cars) fell/dropped/declined by …%from…to …在 ……(时间) ,(私家车)的数量下降了百分之……16 .There was a slight fluctuation in the number of (private cars) from…to …从…… 到…… 期间, (私家车)的数量有轻微的波动。b .表示变化不大或没有变化的常用结构1 .The number of (private cars) remained steady/stable/constant between…and …从…… 到…… 期间, (私家车)的数量保持稳定。2 .The number of (private cars) stayed the same between…and …从…… 到…… 期间, (私家车)的数量并没有发生变化。3 .There was little/hardly any change in the number of (private cars ) between…and …从…… 到…… 期间, (私家车)的数量并没有发生变化。4 .The number of (private cars) remained level between…and …从…… 到…… 期间, (私家车)的数量趋于稳定。5 .The number of (private cars) remained steady at approximately…between…and …从…… 到…… 期间, (私家车)的数量稳定在……(辆)左右。6 .The number of (private cars) appeared to level off.(私家车)的数量开始稳定下来了。c .表示最高点或最低点的常用结构1 .The situation/figures reached a peak/a high at …% in… 情况(数据)在……(时间)达到顶点,为……(数目)。2 .The situation/figures bottomed out at …% in…情况(数据)在……(时间)达到最低点,为……(数目)。3 .The situation/figures peaked at …% in.....情况(数据)在…(时间)达到顶点,为……(数目)。4 .The situation/figures hit a trough at ...% in…情况(数据)在……(时间)达到最低点,为……(数目)。5 .The number soared to a record high of…数量剧增至历史新高,为 ……(数目)。d .表示倍数的常用结构1 .A is twice/three times/four times what it was in…与 ……(时间)相比, A 是原来的两倍(三倍、四倍)。2 .A is twice/three times/four times the amount in…与 ……(时间)相比, A 是原来的两倍(三倍、四倍)。3 .A is twice/three times/four times as much/many as...in…与 ……(时间)相比,A 是原来的两倍(三倍、四倍):4 .A is twice/three times/four times more than...in ...与 ……(时间)相比,A 是原来的两倍(三倍、四倍)还要多。5 .From…to…, A increased/dropped more than six fold .从…… 到…… 期间, A 增加(减少)了六倍。6 .The output of steel in 1990 was 400% up compared with in 1980. 与 1980 年相比,1990 年钢铁产量增加了四倍。7 .The figure was roughly doubled/tripled/quintupled between…and…从 …… 到 …… 期间,数字大概是原来的两倍(三倍、五倍)(图表类满分作文必备词汇 示例2)1. 描述图表变化趋势的词汇上升 (v.):increase; go up; rise; improve; grow;jump; rocket; soar; surge; shoot up(猛增)上升 (n.):increase; rise; growth; jump; surge下降 (v.):fall; drop; decrease; decline; go down; sink; dipplummet; plunge(暴跌)下降 (n.):decrease, decline, fall, reduction, drop波动 (v.):fluctuate波动 (n.):fluctuation持平(v.):stabilize; remain the same trend; remain stable; remain constant; level off多条曲线趋势一致:A and B share the same trend; the trend of A happens to coincide with B2. 描述图表变化程度的词汇程度很大 significantly;considerably;rapidly;sharply;dramatically;drastically; enormously;substantially;markedly程度较轻 slightly;gradually;slowly; steadily;moderately3. 极值类词汇最高点: reach the peak/top/highest point;increase to the peak/top/highest point(所有上升类的动词都可以替换掉 increase)最低点: reach/hit the bottom/lowest point;drop to the bottom/lowest point(所有下降类的动词都可以替换掉 drop)占比最多: occupy/ make up/ take up/ account for/ the largest proportion/number/percentage of …占比最少: occupy/ make up/ take up/ account for the smallest proportion/number/percentage of…4. "大约" 的表达方式about/around + 数字数字 + or soapproximately + 数字图表类满分作文必备词汇1万能句型① The mobile-phone subscriptions soared to 4 billion in 2008.② Conversely, the urban population saw a rising trend, growing from only 300 million to 680 million by 2010.③ Domestic cars had a dramatic increase in the market share, as high as 9.8%, while/whereas(然而)Japanesecars declined by nearly 10%.④ The percentage of students taking part-time jobs remains a continuous increase all through the four years in university, starting from 67.77% in freshmen, reaching 71.13% and 71.93% respectively in sophomores andjuniors, and ending at 88.24% in seniors at length.④ 饼状图描述最大占比:We cannot fail to see that the biggest share is acquiring knowledge, with a proportionas high as 59.5%./ We cannot fail to see that the biggest share is acquiring knowledge, accounting for 59.5%.⑤ 饼状图分别描述比例:Meanwhile, it is also not difficult to find that service, environment, price and otherfactors occupy 26.8%, 23.8%, 8.4% and 4.7% respectively(分别地) .解释原因的功能句型 ● 第一句:① Three major factors / reasons give rise to (引起)the situation(情况)/ phenomenon (现象)mentionedabove.② What gives rise to the situation / phenomenon can be summarized as follows.③ It is of no difficulty to come up with(提出,想出) some possible factors for these changes.④ The contributing factors(成因) responsible for this phenomenon can be summarized as follows.⑤ What accounts for this situation At least, for my part, three factors contribute to it.⑥ This situation can be traced to (追溯到) a multitude of(众多的) factors; the fundamental ones, however, canbe sought as follows.●分条描述原因:First and foremost, these changes are closely related to...In the first place, this trend is bound up with(与...有密切关系)...In addition, we must admit that this tendency/situation also has a lot to do with ...Moreover, it must be stressed that the present situation, to a certain degree, stems from … .... is another significant factor that cannot be ignored.Finally, we may notice that ... also plays a positive roles in leading to this phenomenon.评论预测的功能句型 评论类① It is of great importance for (the government and authorities concerned) to (place a higher value on) (thepractical education and integrated development of college students).② For one thing, relevant laws and regulations have to be established and implemented (to protect the rights of college students when they take part in part-time jobs). For another, it is high time that a nationwide campaign waslaunched to educate (college students to strike a balance between their social work and study). In these ways, abrighter future will surely await the young generation when they step into real society.③ In view of the description and analysis above, I’m convinced that ....预测趋势类①From what has been discussed above, the trend can be predicated(预测) to continue in the following years withthe rapid development of economy and society.② I firmly believe that this tendency will continue in the forthcoming years.③ And there is every possible reason to believe that this condition will go on in the near future.④ And we can predict with assurance that the situation will continue maintaining an upward trend in the followingyears.⑤ Thus, how to tackle this problem properly should be placed on a high value by the public and relevantdepartments.⑥ And accordingly, immediate measures must be taken to reverse (逆 转 ) or at least ease this worseningsituation.(图表类满分作文写作模板)模板一(①Thebarchart(给出图表的出处)reflects(解释图表所反映的现象).Fromthesestatistics,itcanbeseenthat(具体说明这一现象).②Generallyspeaking,(分析这一现象产生的几点原因)factorshavecontributedtothisphenomenon.Foronething,(第一点原因).Foranother,(第二点原因).③AsfarasIamconcerned,( 发表个人看法 ).First,( 其 中一条解决办法).Second,(另外一条解决办法).)模板二(①Thetwochartsrevealthestrikingchangesin(引出图表揭示的现象).Fromthechartswecanseethatthepercentageof(其中一项变化)isgrowingsteadily,andthepercentageof(另外一项变化)risesfromto(通过具体数据加以说明),whilethepercentageof(第三项变化)decreasesdramaticallyfromto(通过具体数据加以说明).②Thechangesarechieflyduetothefollowingreasons.Tostartwith,(第一点原因).Besides,(第二点原因).Furthermore,(第三点原因).③Withtheaboveanalysis,wecanconcludethat(对以上分析加以总结).What’smore,(进一步提出解决方法))【2022·全国乙卷】学校英文报正在开展以 Learning English Beyond the Classroom 为题的讨论。请使用图表中的调查结果写一篇 短文投稿,内容包括:1 .学习活动状况描述:2 .简单评论;3 .你的建议。注意:1 .词数 100 左右;2 .短文的题目和首句已为你写好。Learning English Beyond the ClassroomThere are many things we can do to learn English well.【满分赏析】Learning English Beyond the ClassroomThere are many things we can do to learn English well. Recently a survey about how to learn English beyond the classroom has been conducted. As can be clearly seen from the statistics, appreciating English songs accounts for 65 percent compared with 50% who choose to watch movies as a way of English learning. Reading English books prove to be the less popular ways making up 18%, together with visiting English learning websites, taking up 12% . It turns out that students attach greater importance to interest and entertainment instead of traditional approachessuch as reading books when learning English.However, from my point of view, what benefits students most is reading English books, for it is one of the best ways to increase vocabulary and to strengthen the understanding of grammar. Therefore, students become bestEnglish learners quickly.(图画类)图画作文是近年来高考书面表达考查的热点题型之一。它是指根据某幅图画所提供的图像信息写一篇短文 或叙述一个故事;或通过几幅相关的图画说明某个问题或得出某个结论。体裁多样,可以是记叙文、议论 文或说明文等。图画作文要求考生将画面所包含的有效信息直接运用英语思维转成英语,旨在避免考生运用汉语思维布局谋篇。图画类作文要求将画面所包含的信息转换成文字,旨在避免汉语思维,要求直接用英语思维。它要求 根据图画提供的图像信息写一篇短文,包括叙述一个故事,或通过几幅相关的图画说明某个问题或得出结 论。图画类作文就内容而言,可以写观察到的内容,也可以根据合理想象适当进行发挥来补充一些内容; 就表达方式而言,可以单纯地理解、说明,也可以在说明中加以描写、叙述,因此该类文体不仅具有一定 的观察分析能力,还要有较强的语言表达能力、想象力和逻辑思维能力。写好图画类作文的关键是:一定 要根据自己掌握的词汇与熟悉的句型结构构思短文内容,并直接用英语表达,千万不要先想好一句句的中 文,然后逐句译成英文,那样就往往会超出自己的英语水平,作文中就会出现"生造"的英语句子,难免会出错。另外,对于与图画无关的事要少写,还要注意人称、时态的呼应,整个作文要通篇考虑。一、写作要领1.准确审题。这是看图作文写作的基础。准确审题就是注意文体、人物和时态。2.把握情境。这是看图作文的关键。要根据图画, 合理想象, 围绕特定的主题, 把握情景, (利用图中人物间的关系、人物的对话、人物的活动及所处场所,以及图中的文字说明和标识来)提炼要点等。3.发表感想。围绕主题展开合理的想象,发表自己的联想或感想。二、具体步骤1.根据提示,全面审题(1)确定体裁。针对此类题型, 考生应仔细阅读图画及文字说明, 首先确定文章体裁。目前图画作文的体 裁主要涉及记叙文、议论文和夹叙夹议文。对多幅图来说,体裁主要是记叙文,有时也会是夹叙夹议 文。多幅图有时反映了事件背后的某种现象,这样就需要加上适当的议论,进而变为夹叙夹议文。对于单幅图来说,体裁主要为议论文。(2)确定人称。如果以日记、回忆录等形式来写, 一般采用第一人称;如果是以将故事的形式来写,则一般采用第三人称。但不管用哪种人称,全文一般都必须一致。(3)确定时态。根据图画内容及所采用的的文章体裁,确定文章所要用的时态。(4)确定主题。在审题时, 考生要认真分析图画所反映的内容以及出题者的意图, 分析图画的表层含义和 深层含义,通过表层含义分析图画真正想要说明的问题是什么,从而挖掘出其深层含义以确定文章的主题。2. 认真读图,进行图文转换图画是作文的信息基础。考生应对图画进行全面而细致的研究,尤其是要注意图画中人或物的特点和 背景,确定人物之间、人物与背景之间的主要关系,以便正确掌握图画所传达的信息。如果图画以系列形 式(即多幅)出现,考生除需掌握每一幅图画的信息外,还应该对图画之间的相互联系有所了解,从整体 上把握图画所呈现的主要内容。然后将图画所传达的信息以文字的形式呈现出来,并对转换后的信息重新整合,确定主要内容。3. 确定段落,草拟提纲根据图画内容及体裁的不同采用不同的段落发展方式。一般情况下,图画作文可以当作三段式的提纲 作文来写:第一段用来描述图画并揭示其寓意(寓意一般用一句话来概括),第二段分析原因,最后一段 发表评论或提出建议。其中第二、三段是写作的重点。叙事型图画作文(通常会涉及多幅画,要求对某一事件的发生、发展进行描述)可根据图画的数目和具体内容来确定段落。4. 斟词酌句,组句成文根据要点内容, 选择恰当的词语和固定结构。结合要点间的关系及文章的体裁, 选择恰当的句子类型。一、写作技巧纵观近几年高考,图画作文大致可分为两类:事件记叙类和描画感怀类。对于事件记叙类图画作文而 言,无非是要求考生按照图画次序将事件的发生、发展及结果表达出来,此类图画作文主要采用叙述这一 表达方式。描图感怀类图画作文要求考生首先描写图画内容,之后在图画内容的基础上表达个人感想,此类图画作文通常采用描写和议论的写作手法。1. 事件记叙类图画作文写作技巧(1)大略审图,明确事件一般而言,事件记叙类图画作文的图片不止一幅,我们首先要做的是大致浏览图片,找出所要记叙的事件是什么。(2)图文转化,提炼要点每幅图片都会传达特定的信息,因为图片是静态的,上面不可能传达太多的信息,所以单幅图片的信 息量一般不会特别大。我们要把每幅图片所传达的信息找出来,这就是我们需要的要点,而所有要点集合 起来也就是文章的提纲了。所以准确找出每幅图片的信息,并将它们用文字呈现出来是写好事件记叙类图画作文的关键所在。(3)呈现要点,斟词酌句对基础比较差的学生而言,为了保险起见,用常见的词和简单的句式将各幅图中的要点表述出来,并(【特别提醒】考生在写图画作文时,有时难以取得比较理想的成绩,其原因主要有:1.观察图画不细致,不能准确地对图画内容加以分析概括;2.分不清内容的主次,从而不能层次分明地表达作文的主题;3.图与图之间的意思不衔接、不连贯;4.找出的要点太乱、太杂,没有条理性;5.不能紧扣主题,随意发挥。)用适当的词或结构将它们串联起来就可以构成一篇完整的文章。准确地完成这 样一篇要点齐全的文章基本 可以拿到比较理想的分数。如果能够在此基础上对文章的细节信 息进行合理的扩展, 并对文章的句式、结构进行优化(采用比较高级的句式、结构等),那么 得到一个很高的分数并非难事。2. 描图感怀类图画作文写作技巧描图感怀类图画作文通常只有一幅图。对于此类书面表达,所要做的基本上也就两项工作:描图和议论。描图和议论可以分为两个段落来呈现。(1)认真读图,细致描图将图中的内容用文字信息表述出来,这是一个比较客观的信息转化过程,不需要掺杂个人情感。(2)理解图魂,理出寓意从图画内容的描写中理出图画所要传达的主题,并推断出图画信息的寓意,这是对图画内容的升华,也是发表议论的基础。(3)联系实际,发表感言结合图画的寓意和生活实际,阐述个人的看法。这是图画寓意在现实生活中的回归。二、常用句式1. 描述图画部分From the picture we can see that …As is shown in the picture …As we can see in the picture …The picture shows us that …This is a funny and instructive picture, from which we can see …Look at the picture. It is a picture about …2. 论述图画寓意及所反映现象部分The picture reflects/implies that …The picture illustrates a common phenomenon in today’s society.Apparently, the picture reflects a major social problem.This sight reminds me of something in my daily life.What the picture reflects sets me thinking a lot.3. 发表评论与观点部分In my view/As for me/As far as I’m concerned, we should take measures to avoid this phenomenon happeningagain.三、写作模板As is shown in the picture above, (图画的内容). The first thing we notice is that (图画的 最 大 特 点 ).This means that (进 一 步 说 明 ) . The implied meaning of the picture should be considered/taken into account seriously/paid more attention to. First, ( 分析 、说 明原 因或结果 ① ). Second/What’s more , (分析、说明原因或结果②). Last but not least/Finally, (分析、说明原 因或结果③) And the problem has aroused the great concern/care of the whole society/world/all the people around. In my view/As for me,we should take measures to deal with the problem shown in the picture. First, we should (措施、建议、办法①). And then we have to (措施、建议、办法②). Only in these wayscan we solve/settle the problem of (图画主要问题).(2020·北京高考真题)假设你是红星中学高三(1)班班长李华。居家学习期间, 你们班开展了一次以“自律 ”为主题的调研活动。 请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序,写一篇英文稿件,给你们学校英文网站投稿,记述你在本次活动中发现问题并解决问题的过程。注意:词数不少于 60。提示词:自律 self-discipline___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【写作指导】本篇书面表达属于应用文。这是一篇图画作文, 要求考生按以下四幅图的先后顺序, 就你开展“ 自律”调研活动中发现问题并解决问题的过程写一篇英文稿件,向学校英文网站投稿。第一步:审题体裁:应用文时态:根据提示,时态应为一般过去时人称:第一人称为主结构:总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说,把支持句作为分说,并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求: 1. 表明写作主题——“ 自律”2. 根据图片描写事件过程:第一幅图片描写自己对“ 自律”调研结果很担忧;第二幅图片描写自己向父母求助解决方法/建议;第三幅图片描写自己和同学们在网上讨论如何自律;第四幅图片描写三个月后,大家自律能力有了很大提高,我和老师很高兴。【答案】One possible version:While studying at home, I surveyed my class on “self-discipline”. The findings worried me a lot.To solve the problem, I asked my parents for help, and they offered some practical advice. Then I held an onlinediscussion with my classmates on how to well discipline ourselves. After that, we all knew better what to do.Three months later, I did a second survey, which showed great improvements in self-discipline. I phoned myteacher about it, and we both felt very pleased.(Writing1)(2022·全国 · 高三专题练习) Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to theinstructions given below in Chinese.国际经合组织(OECD)对 600,000 名青少年就生活中最令他们担忧的事情进行了调查,结果如下图。请联系自身实际,谈谈最让令你担忧的事情及原因。【答案】The ORGANISATION for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) asked 600,000 teenagerswhat worried them most about their lives.It turns out that forty percent of the students in their academic assignments feel pressure; thirty percent of the students on their relationship with their parents feel a little nervous; twenty-five percent of the students in their ownimage more care about, giving them some confusion.The remaining five percent of the students feel anxious andconcerned about other things.As far as I am concerned, sometimes the problems that make me worry are mainly in study. It makes me feel anxious and confused and sometimes helpless. Maybe because of a failure in an exam, I will be in a bad mood. To improve their psychological quality, I think we students should be better improved. I think we should get more helpfrom parents and teachers.【导语】本篇书面表达属于图表类作文。要求考生针对国际经合组织(OECD)对 600,000 名青少年就生活中最令他们担忧的事情进行调查的结果,联系自身实际,谈谈最让令你担忧的事情及原因。【详解】 1.词汇积累压力: pressure→ stress担心: be concerned about→ be worried about就我而言: as far as I am concerned → personally speaking无助的: helpless→ unassisted2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句: Maybe because of a failure in an exam, I will be in a bad mood .拓展句: It is maybe because of a failure in an exam thatI will be in a bad mood.(Writing 2)(2022·上海 · 高三专题练习) Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to theinstructions given in Chinese.下列图表反映的是某高中 2010 年与 2013 年学生健康状况调查的部分数据,请你用英语为某报写一份报告,反映你校三年间学生健康状况的变化情况,分析其中原因,并提出一些改进措施。注意事项:1.报告必须包括图表中所有内容,但不要逐条罗列;2.词数 100 左右。开头语已为你写好。A recent survey shows that the health of the students in our school has been going from bad to worse in thepast three years.【答案】One possible version:A recent survey shows that the health of the students in our school has been going from bad to worse in thepast three years. The number of short-sighted students has increased from 77% in 2010 to 93.5% in 2013, whilethat of overweight students from 38% to 57.2%.Nearly 15% more students don’t have enough sleep because ofmore homework. Besides, over 21% more students become mentally unhealthy.It seems to me that the reasons for this lie in heavier burden of study and more homework, thus makingstudents unable to spare any time to take exercise or have enough sleep. To improve students’ health, we call forless homework. Only in this way can students get plenty of sleep and be healthier. Proper diets and exercise shouldalso be paid attention to so that they won’t easily put on weight. With their heavy burden removed, students canthen keep in normal mental health.【导语】本篇书面表达属于图表作文,要求考生根据图表写一份你校三年间学生健康状况的变化情况的报告。【详解】 1.词汇积累大约: nearly →about此外: Besides →Moreover充足的: plenty of →enough增加体重: put on weight →gain weight2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句: To improve students’ health, we call for less homework.拓展句: In order that students’ health can be improved, we call for less homework.(Writing3)(2022·全国 · 高三专题练习)请你根据下面图片,以“Labor Education Counts”为题写一篇英语短文,内容包括:1.你对图片的解读;2.你的一次劳动体验。注意: 1.词数 100 左右;2.题目已为你写好。【答案】Labor Education CountsThe picture vividly illustrates that labor education plays an important role in nurturing teenagers’development, cultivating their all-round development of morality, intelligence and physique. Just like the tree in thepicture, it is thriving on the boy’s watering.When it comes to my experiences of labour, making a fruit plate after Tiktok struck me as an unforgettableone. I first collected some kinds of fruit like apples, oranges, strawberries and bananas. Then came the mostchallenging part, cutting them into the style in the video, which took me about thirty minutes. After that, I shaped them on a plate into a blossoming flower with delicious sauce. To my delight, when I served it to my families, theyall spoke highly of it.No pains, no gains. Through the hands-on experience, not only do I gain a sense of achievement, but I alsoappreciate that labour itself is a kind of enjoyment and a must for our personal growth.【导语】本篇书面表达属于夹叙夹议文。要求考生以“Labor Education Counts”为题, 描述对所给图片的解读,并讲述一次劳动的体验。【详解】 1.词汇积累重要的: important →significant难以忘怀的: unforgettable → memorable美味的: delicious →delicate赞扬: speak highly of → applaud2.句式拓展强调句原句: The picture vividly illustrates that labor education plays an important role in nurturing teenagers’development, cultivating their all-round development of morality, intelligence and physique.拓展句: The picture vividly illustrates that it is labor education that plays an important role in nurturing teenagers’development, cultivating their all-round development of morality, intelligence and physique.(Writing 4)(2022·上海 ·模拟预测) Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructionsgiven below in Chinese.请简要描述图片内容,并结合生活或学习中的例子谈谈你对该图的理解。【答案】 As the picture shows, some small ants encountered a big pit on their way. Without panic, they quickly found a solution. They decided to let some small ants connect to build a bridge at a time. After the other ants passed the bridge, they would pull the remaining ants over. Their success demonstrates the importance ofteamwork.In our daily life, some people like to work alone while others enjoy teamwork. In my opinion, everyone had better learn to work with others because teamwork is definitely necessary and important.For example, in a football match, every member plays different role which is important. All members must cooperate with each other to fightagainst the opponent team.They can only win when they do good teamwork,or they will be defeated.In sum, teamwork is very important. No one could live individually. Hence working together could make ourlife easier.【导语】本篇书面表达属于图画类作文。要求考生描述图片内容,结合生活或学习中的例子谈谈对图片的理解。【详解】 1.词汇积累遇到: encounter→come across在某人看来: in one’s opinion→in one’s view重要的: important→vital总之: in sum→in a word2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句: In sum, teamwork is very important.拓展句: In sum, teamwork is very important, which can help us complete the task faster and better.(Writing5)(2022·河南 · 南阳中学高三阶段练习) 假定你是李华, 你和几个朋友约定星期天在人民公园野餐。你们的英国朋友 Peter 也应邀参加。请你根据下面的示意图,给他写封短信,告诉他进公园后如何找到你们。注意: 1. 词数 100 左右; 2.开头语已为你写好【答案】Dear Peter,More than delighted to learn that you are coming to join us for the picnic on Sunday, I am writing to give yousome detailed information about how you can find us.Located/Situated on Jianshe Road, the scenic People’s Park is a perfect destination for picnic. You can takeNo.1 bus at the school gate and get offat the Renmin Park Stop. After you enter the park by the main gate, walkstraight on till you come to a bridge, under which there is a stream winding its way through the park. Crossing the stream and turning right, you will come to a hill after walking for a while. Walk around to the other side of the hilland a crystal clear lake will come into view. We will have our picnic there in the small woods by the lake, wherewe can have a pleasant time chatting cheerfully while admiring the sparkling blue lake bathed in brilliant sunshine.I am sure you will have no trouble finding us. If there exists any question, please contact me withouthesitation. We will be eagerly waiting for you.【导语】本篇书面表达为应用文。要求学生就所给图, 给 Peter 写封短信, 告诉他进公园后如何找到你们和你们会和聚餐。【详解】 1.词汇积累:十分: more than→very/extremely高兴的: delighted→pleased/cheerful欣赏: admire→enjoy毫不犹豫地: without hesitation→unhesitatingly2.句式拓展:简单句变复合句原句: Walk around to the other side of the hill and a crystal clear lake will come into view.拓展句: Walk around to the other side of the hill and what will greet you is a crystal clear lake.(Writing1)1 .(2022·全国 · 高考真题)学校英文报正在开展以 Learning English Beyond the Classroom 为题的讨论。请使用图表中的调查结果写一篇短文投稿,内容包括:1. 学习活动状况描述;2. 简单评论;3. 你的建议。注意:1. 词数 100 左右;2. 短文的题目和首句已为你写好。【答案】Learning English Beyond the ClassroomNowadays, with the growing popularity of smartphones and computers, an increasing number of students arechoosing to learn English beyond the classroom in various ways.It can easily be seen that the percentage of students who choose listening to English songs and watchingEnglish movies is respectively 65% and 50%. However, those choosing reading English books and visiting Englishlearning websites only account for 18% and 12%.As far as I’m concerned, it is a disturbing trend. For students, what benefits most to their study is readingEnglish books. Because of their lack of self-discipline, they’re more easily addicted to chatting online or playinggames. It’s urgent for students themselves to improve their self-discipline, and it’s also urgent for parents andteachers to strengthen the guidance.【导语】本篇书面表达属于议论文,要求考生使用图表中的调查结果写一篇短文投稿,对学生的英语学习活动状况进行描述并作简单的评论,提出建议。【详解】 1.词汇积累缺乏: lack→shortage加强: strengthen→enhance各种各样的: various→all kinds of就我而言: as far as I’m concerned→from my perspective2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句:However, those choosing reading English books and visiting English learning websites only account for 18%and 12%.拓展句:However, those who choose reading English books and visiting English learning websites only account for18% and 12%.(Writing 2)2 .(2017·全国 · 高考真题)假设你最近就安全意识方面的问题在班级范围内进行了调查,学校英语报刊栏 目有意刊登你的调查报告.请根据下面的调查结果写一篇简短的报告。注:自里圈起,数值越大,了解该项目的人越多。注意:1.词数 100 左右; 2.无需逐一说明数值; 3.对突出的问题进行适当阐述。_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Recently I conducted a survey on safety awareness in the class. The results are as follows:A largest number of the students are aware of traffic security, while the students who know about preventing theft are smaller than that. Meanwhile, students who know natural disasters and fire prevention are the same. Nextto them is the number of students who learn first aid knowledge. The least of students are conscious of onlinesafety, which worries me a lot.【分析】本篇书面表达属于图表类书面表达,要求考生对你最近就安全意识方面的问题在班级范围内进行的调查,给学校英语报刊栏目,写一篇简短的报告。【详解】第一步:审题体裁:图表类作文时态:根据提示,时态主要为一般现在时。结构:总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说,把支持句作为分说,并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求:1. 看懂图表所表示的内容;2. 无需逐一说明数值;3. 对突出的问题进行适当阐述。第二步:列提纲 (重点词组)conducted a survey;on safety awareness ;as follows;a largest number of;be aware of;be conscious of第三步:连词成句1. A largest number of the students are aware of traffic security, while the students who know about preventingtheft are smaller than that .2. Meanwhile, students who know natural disasters and fire prevention are the same .3. Next to them is the number of students who learn first aid knowledge.4. The least of students are conscious of online safety, which worries me a lot .根据提示及关键词(组)进行遣词造句,注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步:连句成篇(衔接词)表文章结构顺序: Meanwhile连句成文,注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡,书写一定要规范清晰。(Writing3)3 .(2020·北京 · 高考真题) 假设你是红星中学高三(1)班班长李华。居家学习期间, 你们班开展了一次以 “ 自律”为主题的调研活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序, 写一篇英文稿件, 给你们学校英文网站投稿, 记述你在本次活动中发现问题并解决问题的过程。注意:词数不少于 60。提示词:自律 self-discipline___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】One possible version:While studying at home, I surveyed my class on “self-discipline”. The findings worried me a lot.To solve the problem, I asked my parents for help, and they offered some practical advice. Then I held anonline discussion with my classmates on how to well discipline ourselves. After that, we all knew better what to do.Three months later, I did a second survey, which showed great improvements in self-discipline. I phoned myteacher about it, and we both felt very pleased.(Writing 4)(2019·北京 · 高考真题) 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们班上周组织了一次以“劳动最光荣”为主题的社会实践活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序,写一篇英文周记,记述整个过程。注意:词数不少于 60。提示词:西瓜 watermelon_____【答案】Last week I took part in a farmwork programme in the suburbs.At the class meeting, our teacher told us about the programme with the theme “Working is most beautiful”. And hestressed the importance of working with our own hands.When I got home, I packed up my luggage for the trip.On the farm, we helped pick watermelons. While working, I realised how hard it was to work in the fields under ahot sun.When I came back home, I shared my experiences with my parents. And they were very proud of me.(Writing5)(2018·北京 · 高考真题) 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华, 请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序, 写一篇英文周记,记述你们上周接待外国学生,带领他们体验中国茶文化的全过程。注意:词数不少于 60。(请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内)【答案】Last week, we took the foreign students in our school to experience the authentic tea culture, which turnedout be to extremely rewarding.On arriving at the tea house, the foreign students were impressed by the unique tea pots and tea cups. I gavethem a vivid and informative introduction of tea culture, including its profound history, its rich variety, and theexquisite craftsmanship of making tea with their interest greatly sparked, I then began to teach them how to maketea.In order to deliver a clear presentation, I slowly explained the traditional procedure of making tea in detail. Absorbed in every move of mine, the foreign students were once again amazed by this unique culture and theycouldn’t help taking pictures from time to time.Next came the moment when I asked them to have a try themselves. Washing the tea pots, adding tea leaves, and pouring water into the cups, they followed my instructions and were really immersed in charming tea culture.The tea house witnessed a really enjoyable time for all of us.At the end of the activity, holding the tea bags in our hands, we took a picture to memorize the unforgettable day. It suddenly hit me that traditional culture like tea culture was of great charm and huge value. And I swelledwith pride to spread our own culture to people all over the world. 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源列表 2024届高考高三英语复习——书面表达图表类和图画类.docx 2024届高考高三英语复习——书面表达图表类和图画类(答案).docx