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顺义区2024届高三第一次统练
英语试卷
考生须知：1. 本试卷总分100分，考试时长90分钟。本试卷共12页，共三部分。
2. 在答题卡上准确填写学校、姓名、班级和教育ID号。
3. 考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。选择题必须用2B铅笔作答，非选择题必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答。
4. 考试结束后，请将答题卡交回，试卷自己保留。
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A golden fog settled over the fields. The sun prepared to rest for the evening. I looked forward to setting my ___1___ aside for an evening.
I wasn’t long headed home when I heard a voice behind me. “Photo, photo, photo.” A young boy about 7 or 8 years old followed closely. I breathed a tired sigh. I had no ___2___ to press the shutter button one more time, no matter how beautiful or eager he was, but he kept following me. As I looked at him, half ___3___, an idea for a composition flashed in my mind.
I kneeled in the field and instructed the boy where to stand and how to pose. As I prepared to take the photograph, his energy suddenly shifted from ___4___ to shyness to fear. No matter what I told him to do — how to stand, how to look — I just couldn’t get the ___5___. Defeated, I gave up. I looked at the boy, who looked ___6___ and awkward.
In an effort to ___7___ him, I clapped my hands, saying, “That was great. You were great.” Passers-by gathered around, cheering and clapping loudly. The boy’s face immediately broke into (a) ___8___. I intuitively (直觉地) took a few shots of the moment.
That photograph turned out to be better than the ___9___ I’d imagined because it came from a deeper place within me. When we ____10____ frustration (懊恼) and focus on what’s here in the moment, that is when we are moved to create from the inside out.
1.
A. money B. camera C. boots D. notebook
2.
A. time B. confidence C. energy D. chance
3.
A. interested B. disappointed C. relieved D. puzzled
4.
A. panic B. confusion C. eagerness D. directness
5.
A. help B. attention C. idea D. shot
6.
A. alone B. unconcerned C. violent D. thoughtful
7.
A. disturb B. cheer C. accept D. satisfy
8.
A. smile B. tears C. worries D. surprise
9.
A. style B. color C. content D. composition
10.
A. turn to B. deal with C. let go of D. give in to
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在回家路上遇到一个小男孩要作者为他拍照，作者拒绝后又决定为他拍照，但小男孩很紧张，作者通过鼓励他让他放松并最终拍出了比预期更好的照片。这个故事告诉我们，当我们放下挫折，专注于当下，就能从内心深处创造出更好的作品。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我盼望着把相机搁到一边过一个晚上。A. money金钱；B. camera相机；C. boots靴子；D. notebook笔记本。根据“Photo, photo, photo.”可知，作者是一个摄影师，一天的劳累之后，作者想把相机放下。故选B。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我没有精力再按一次快门，不管他是多么美丽，多么急切，但他一直跟着我。A. time时间；B. confidence自信；C. energy精力；D. chance机会。根据“I looked forward to setting my ___1___ aside for an evening.”可知，作者已经很累了，所以没有精力再按快门了。故选C。
【3题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我半感兴趣地看着他，脑海里闪过一幅作品的念头。A. interested感兴趣的；B. disappointed失望的；C. relieved欣慰的；D. puzzled困惑的。根据“an idea for a composition flashed in my mind.”可知，作者脑海里闪过一幅好的作品，所以对小男孩感兴趣了。故选A。
【4题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我准备拍照时，他的表达力突然从渴望变成害羞，再变成恐惧。A. panic恐慌；B. confusion困惑；C. eagerness渴望；D. directness直接。根据“Photo, photo, photo.”可知，小男孩起初很渴望拍照，后来又变得很羞怯和恐惧。故选C。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：不管我告诉他怎么做——怎么站，怎么看——我就是得不到那个镜头。 A. help帮助；B. attention注意；C. idea想法；D. shot镜头。根据“I intuitively (直觉地) took a few shots of the moment.”可知，作者想要给小男孩拍照，但是一直没有得到理想的镜头。故选D。
【6题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我看着那个男孩，他看起来孤独而尴尬。A. alone独自的；B. unconcerned不关心的；C. violent暴力的；D. thoughtful深思熟虑的。根据“Defeated, I gave up.”可知，作者放弃了，不再教男孩摆任何动作，所以男孩站在那里变得很孤独。故选A。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了让他高兴起来，我拍着手说：“太棒了。你太棒了，”A. disturb打扰；B. cheer使高兴；C. accept接受；D. satisfy满意。根据“The boy’s face immediately broke into (a) ___8___ .”可知，作者鼓掌是为了让小男孩高兴起来。故选B。
8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：男孩的脸上立刻露出了笑容。A. smile微笑；B. tears眼泪；C. worries担心；D. surprise惊讶。根据“I clapped my hands, saying, “That was great. You were great.””可知，作者在鼓励小男孩，所以小男孩笑了。故选A。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那张照片比我想象的作品要好，因为它来自我内心深处。A. style风格；B. color颜色；C. content内容；D. composition作品。根据“As I looked at him, half ___3___ , an idea for a composition flashed in my mind.”可知，这里指作者起初所构思的作品比自己想象的要好。故选D。
【10题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当我们放下沮丧，专注于当下的事情时，我们就会被从内到外的创造所感动。A. turn to转向；B. deal with处理；C. let go of放下；D. give in to屈服于。根据“and focus on what’s here in the moment,”可知，此处指放下沮丧和挫折，转而专注于当下的事情。故选C。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，共15分)
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Kenneth Shinozuka was 10 when his grandfather, ___11___ has Alzheimer’s disease, began to wander. He wanted to invent something to help. That turned out to be a pressure sensor in a sock. The sensor will send an alarm to a caregiver’s smartphone as soon as a patient ___12___ (step) out of bed. Today Kenneth continues to improve his invention ___13___ (help) caregivers get an alarm from any distance. His biggest dream is to one day find cures for all Alzheimer’s.
【答案】11. who
12. steps 13. to help
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Kenneth Shinozuka为帮助患有阿尔茨海默病的祖父而发明了压力传感器，并不断改进它以帮助更多的护理人员。
【11题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：Kenneth Shinozuka 10岁时，他患有阿尔兹海默的祖父病情开始显现。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是his grandfather，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
【12题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：传感器会在病人踏出病床时立即向护理人员的智能手机发送警报。连词短语as soon as引导时间状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。主语 a patient是单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填steps。
【13题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：今天，Kenneth继续改进他的发明，以帮助护理人员从任何距离获得警报。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词作目的状语，应用不定式形式。故填to help。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Merriam-Webster ___14___ (announce) that “authentic” was a top term of the year 2023. The rise of Al helped drive interest ___15___ the word. And the line between “real” and “fake” (假的) has become ___16___ (increasing) unclear. As a result, in social media and marketing, “authentic” has become the gold standard for building trust.
【答案】14. announced
15. in 16. increasingly
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“authentic”被《韦氏词典》评为2023年度热门词汇的原因。
【14题详解】
考查时态。句意：《韦氏词典》宣布“authentic”是2023年的热门词汇之一。根据时间状语“2023”可知，应用一般过去时。故填announced。
【15题详解】
考查介词。句意：人工智能的兴起推动了人们对这个词的兴趣。drive interest in sth.意为“推动对……的兴趣”，故填in。
【16题详解】
考查副词。句意：“真”与“假”之间的界限越来越模糊。修饰形容词unclear 应用副词形式。故填increasingly。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
World Animal Day is an annual event on 4th October, ___17___ (aim) to improve animal rights across the globe. It ___18___ (celebrate) since a German writer and publisher started it in 1925. Through joining in various ___19___ (organize) events, people are better aware of how animals should be treated. And there are so many ___20___ (option) for everyone to help end the needless suffering of all animals.
【答案】17. aiming
18. has been celebrated
19. organized
20. options
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界动物日的相关信息。
【17题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：世界动物日是每年10月4日举行的活动，旨在提高全球动物权利。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词is，所以设空处应用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语World Animal Day与aim之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填aiming。
【18题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：自1925 年一位德国作家和出版商发起以来，它就一直在庆祝。根据时间状语 since a German writer and publisher started it in 1925可知，应用现在完成时，又因为it和celebrate之间是被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态，故填has been celebrated。
【19题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：通过参加各种有组织的活动，人们更好地意识到应该如何对待动物。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。event和名词organize之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填organized。
【20题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：每个人都有很多选择来帮助结束所有动物不必要的痛苦。option是可数名词，根据so many可知，应用复数形式。故填options。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The CAUSE Leadership Academy (CLA) for students is a paid nine-week internship (实习) program that connects college undergraduates to communities through local political experiences and prepares them to lead and advocate for the civic engagement.
General Information:
·Program Duration: June 24th, 2024—August 23rd, 2024
·Location and Time Commitment: CLA will be an in-person, full-time program (5 days per week, about 40 hours per week) .
·Payment: Each intern will receive $4, 000 upon satisfactory completion of the program.
Program Goals:
·To gain new skills and knowledge
·To deepen understanding of issues that impact the local community
·To explore civic leadership career paths
·To develop professional experience and skills to be effective in political advocacy and campaign support
Program Components:
·Interns will work together to develop a project.
·Interns will be placed in a public, private, or non-profit host office.
·Interns will learn about and support civic engagement efforts with their Host Office.
·Interns will develop leadership skills and expand understanding of civic engagement.
Requirements for the applicants:
·Have a minimum GPA (Grade Point Average) of 3. 0
·Be a current student with at least one year of college completed or a recent college graduate
·Be able to actively participate in all major events
For full consideration, applicants must ensure both Application and Letter of Recommendation are received by Sunday, January 28th, 2024 at 11: 59 pm.
21. The program aims to help participants _______.
A. lead political campaigns B. make high academic achievements
C. choose civic leadership career paths D. deepen understanding of civic issues
22. CLA will provide interns _______.
A. a training online B. a project to finish individually
C. a leader position in a Host Office D. a $4, 000 payment for great work
23. Which is a requirement for the applicants
A. Participating in all events. B. Having a GPA no less than 3. 0.
C. Applying after January 28th, 2024. D. Being a current high school student.
【答案】21. D 22. D 23. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要提供了关于CAUSE领导力学院（CLA）学生实习项目的详细信息，包括项目的持续时间、地点、时间承诺、薪酬、目标、内容以及申请要求等。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The CAUSE Leadership Academy (CLA) for students is a paid nine-week internship program that connects college undergraduates to communities through local political experiences and prepares them to lead and advocate for the civic engagement.(面向学生的CAUSE领导学院(CLA)是一个为期九周的带薪实习项目，通过当地政治经验将大学本科生与社区联系起来，为他们领导和倡导公民参与做好准备)”可知，该项目旨在帮助参与者加深对公民问题的理解，为他们领导和倡导公民参与做好准备。故选D。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章“General Information”部分中的“Payment: Each intern will receive $4, 000 upon satisfactory completion of the program.(报酬：在圆满完成项目后，每位实习生将获得4,000美元)”可知，在圆满完成项目后，CLA将会给每位实习生提供4,000美元。故选D。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章“Requirements for the applicants”部分中的“Have a minimum GPA (Grade Point Average) of 3.0(平均绩点(GPA)不低于3.0分)”可知，申请人的平均成绩不低于3.0分。故选B。
B
If you have ever seen a snowflake design on jewelry or a bag, chances are it was based on one of Wilson Bentley’s more than 5, 000 photomicrographs of snow crystals (晶体).
At first, though, Bentley did not have any way to share his enjoyment of the delicate hexagons (六边形) other than to draw them. He spent hours outside or inside his unheated storeroom with a microscope. He would pick up a snow crystal and transfer it to a microscope slide. There, he flattened it with a bird feather. Then, holding his breath, he observed the crystal and hurried to draw what he saw before it turned forever into thin air.
A few years later, Bentley began his pursuit to photograph a snow crystal. He attached a microscope to a camera. Time after time, his negatives appeared blank. The following winter, he finally figured out that too much light was reaching the camera. His solution was to place a metal plate with a tiny hole in the center beneath the stage of the microscope. It cut down the stray (杂散的) light and allowed only the light waves carrying the image to reach the camera.
On January 15, 1885, at the age of 19, Bentley finally photographed a snowflake! He spent many hours over the next 45 years in his tiny darkroom developing negatives.
Bentley lived his entire life on his childhood farm. He farmed for a living. To his friends and family, he was kind, gentle, and funny “Willie”. But to scientists, he was the untrained researcher who became a snow crystal pioneer. He wrote for science journals. He not only photographed snow crystals but also became an authority on dew (露水) and frost. He kept a detailed daily log of local weather conditions throughout his life. He developed a method to measure the size of raindrops too.
Bentley never made more than a few thousand dollars from his work. It had been a labor of love, and he was satisfied to be able to share the beauty of his snow crystals with the world. And today, he is remembered as Snowflake Bentley.
24. Why did Bentley draw the snow crystals
A. To design products. B. To become an artist.
C. To share his pleasure. D. To research the weather.
25. To photograph a snow crystal, Bentley _______.
A. improved the microscope B. changed the negatives
C. turned down the light D. invented a camera
26. What do we know about Bentley
A. He lived a successful but boring life. B. He was laughed at for lack of training.
C He earned a lot of money from his photos. D. He was not only an artist but also a scientist.
27. What can we learn from this passage
A. Practice makes perfect. B. Intelligence is the key to success.
C. Love and devotion makes a person. D. Chances are for those who are prepared.
【答案】24. C 25. A 26. D 27. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇人物传记。文章主要讲述了Wilson Bentley如何通过不懈的努力和坚持，成为雪花晶体摄影领域的先驱，并对气象成因象进行了深入的研究。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“At first, though, Bentley did not have any way to share his enjoyment of the delicate hexagons (六边形) other than to draw them.(不过，一开始，Bentley除了画出这些精致的六边形之外，没有任何方式来分享他对它们的喜爱和欣赏)”可知，Bentley画雪晶是为了分享自己对它们的喜爱。故选C。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The following winter, he finally figured out that too much light was reaching the camera. His solution was to place a metal plate with a tiny hole in the center beneath the stage of the microscope. It cut down the stray (杂散的) light and allowed only the light waves carrying the image to reach the camera.(第二年冬天，他终于弄清楚了，因为到达相机的光线太多了。他的解决方案是在显微镜台下方的中央放置一个金属板，上面有一个小孔。它切断了杂散光，只允许携带图像的光波到达相机)”可知，为了拍摄雪晶，Bentley需要改进显微镜，在显微镜台下方的中央放置一个金属板，上面有一个小孔。它切断了杂散光，只允许携带图像的光波到达相机。故选A。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第五段“But to scientists, he was the untrained researcher who became a snow crystal pioneer. He wrote for science journals. He not only photographed snow crystals but also became an authority on dew (露水) and frost. He kept a detailed daily log of local weather conditions throughout his life. He developed a method to measure the size of raindrops too.(但对科学家来说，他是一个未经训练的研究人员，后来成为了雪晶的先驱。他为科学杂志撰稿。他不仅拍摄雪晶，而且还成为露水和霜的权威。他一生中每天都详细记录当地的天气情况。他还发明了一种测量雨滴大小的方法)”可知，Bentley不仅仅拍摄了雪晶，而且还成为露水和霜的权威，他还发明了一种测量雨滴大小的方法。也就是说，他不仅仅是一位艺术家也是一位科学家。故选D。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“It had been a labor of love, and he was satisfied to be able to share the beauty of his snow crystals with the world.(这是一种爱的劳动，他很满意能够与世界分享雪晶的美丽)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述的是Wilson Bentley对雪花晶体摄影的热爱和投入，以及他如何通过不懈的努力和坚持成为该领域的专家和权威。因此，我们可以从文章中学到的是爱和奉献成就一个人。故选C。
C
I love a group text—a grext, if you’ll permit me—but lately, the huge number of them competing for my attention has felt out of control. By the time I wake up, the notifications have already started rolling in; as I’m going to bed, they’re still coming. In between, I try to keep up, but all it takes is one 30-minute meeting before I’ve somehow gotten 100 new messages. I scroll up and up, trying to find where I left off, like I’ve lost my place in a book that keeps getting longer.
For better or for worse, we might be in the Age of the Group Chat. One study found that less than 2 percent of participants had only one-on-one chats on social media. 42 percent said that group chats can feel like a part-time job. Other studies have found that group chats can contribute to group bond and shared fun. A group text can be like a reminder that you’re part of something. Some researchers call this “ambient virtual presence”: Even when you’re alone, you’re not alone. This is like bats and dolphins producing a continuous sound and use the resulting echo (回声) to sense what’s around them.
But taking in too many signals can create a “waterfall type of effect,” where messages keep flooding in and adding up. Eventually, you’re underwater. Adding to the disorder, without a standard rule, people have very different ideas about group norm and what degree of responsiveness is required—which can cause real tension.
Fear of that tension can make wordless or even leaving a chat feel dispiriting. And anyway, you might not want to miss out. The desire isn’t to exit the room so much as to break a window. If group messaging is like echolocation, then disconnecting means lost.
Ultimately, most of us do want connection, even if it involves some duties; we’ll take quantities of messages when we’re busy if it means we can reach out when we’re hurting. A general advice is to give up grexts that are carrying on but that don’t really interest you. But when you can’t, you’ll just have to accept that belonging takes some effort. That’s the nature of relationships, right
28. The author uses his experience in Paragraph 1 to _______.
A. introduce the topic B. predict the ending
C. highlight an opinion D. illustrate an argument
29. What can be inferred from Paragraph 2
A. Lonely people prefer group chats. B. Bats and dolphins have group chats.
C. Group chats offer a sense of belonging. D. Group chats create a few part-time jobs.
30. What does the writer intend to tell us
A. Group chat needs a standard rule.
B. Group chat gives us more fear than joy.
C. Group chat helps promote strong connection.
D. Group chat is just a way to maintain relationships.
【答案】28. A 29. C 30. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了群发短信的原因和影响，以及人们应该怎样处理这种情况。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第一段“I love a group text—a grext, if you’ll permit me—but lately, the huge number of them competing for my attention has felt out of control. By the time I wake up, the notifications have already started rolling in; as I’m going to bed, they’re still coming. In between, I try to keep up, but all it takes is one 30-minute meeting before I’ve somehow gotten 100 new messages. I scroll up and up, trying to find where I left off, like I’ve lost my place in a book that keeps getting longer. (我喜欢群发短信——如果你允许的话，我很喜欢群发短信——但最近，大量群发短信争夺我的注意力让我感觉失去了控制。当我醒来的时候，通知已经开始滚滚而来。就在我上床睡觉的时候，它们还在来。在此期间，我试着跟上进度，但只需要开一个30分钟的会，我就能收到100条新信息。我向上滚动，试图找到我停下来的地方，就像我在一本越来越长的书中失去了我的位置。)”可知，作者利用他在第一段中的经验介绍本文话题。故选A。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第二段“For better or for worse, we might be in the Age of the Group Chat. One study found that less than 2 percent of participants had only one-on-one chats on social media. 42 percent said that group chats can feel like a part-time job. Other studies have found that group chats can contribute to group bond and shared fun. A group text can be like a reminder that you’re part of something. Some researchers call this “ambient virtual presence”: Even when you’re alone, you’re not alone. This is like bats and dolphins producing a continuous sound and use the resulting echo (回声) to sense what’s around them. (不管是好是坏，我们可能正处于群聊时代。一项研究发现，只有不到2%的参与者只在社交媒体上进行一对一的聊天。42%的人表示，群聊感觉就像一份兼职工作。其他研究发现，群聊可以促进群体联系，分享乐趣。群短信可以提醒你，你是某个群体的一部分。一些研究人员称之为“环境虚拟存在”：即使你独自一人，你也不孤单。这就像蝙蝠和海豚发出连续的声音，并利用所产生的回声来感知周围的事物。)”可知，从第2段可以推断出群聊提供了一种归属感。故选C。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“Ultimately, most of us do want connection, even if it involves some duties; we’ll take quantities of messages when we’re busy if it means we can reach out when we’re hurting. A general advice is to give up grexts that are carrying on but that don’t really interest you. But when you can’t, you’ll just have to accept that belonging takes some effort. That’s the nature of relationships, right (最终，我们大多数人都想要联系，即使这涉及到一些责任；当我们很忙的时候，我们会接受大量的信息，如果这意味着我们可以在受伤的时候伸出援手。一般的建议是放弃那些正在进行但你并不真正感兴趣的群聊。但当你做不到的时候，你就不得不接受归属感需要一些努力。这就是关系的本质，对吧？)”可知，作者想要告诉我们群聊只是维持关系的一种方式。故选D。
D
Borders, departments, or issue areas all represent what systems analysts call system boundaries. System boundaries divide. the big, messy, interconnected world into smaller subsystems. This is useful, even necessary. Our minds and our collective governance systems would be stuck if we had to always consider all the connections of everything to everything else. But dividing systems into subsystems can sometimes break a natural cooperativity. For instance, a decarbonizing country will spend money in its energy and transportation sectors and save money in its health system.
Decarbonization could be a win for the whole, but it might be experienced as a bother for particular subsystems.
Donella Meadows, the early systems modeler, wrote that system boundaries are “lines in the mind, not in the world.” And that is actually good news. If departments, and disciplines are just ideas, then there is nothing immovable about them. We can make these borders less obvious and conduct partnerships across them. We can even redraw them to include more of what matters in a single project or investment. That’s the premise of multisolving—using one investment of time or effort to achieve several goals at once.
For instance, Warm Up New Zealand (WUNZ) upgraded the energy efficiency of residential buildings and provided jobs in the building sector after a financial downturn. The project resulted in better health for residents, as well. That translated into health systems savings. Taken together, a 2011 study estimated that across all these benefits, the project saved $3. 90 for every $1 invested.
Multisolving seems possible everywhere and like an obvious choice. Yet, it is very much the exception, not the rule. Why is multisolving still so rare when it has the nower to boost progress on some of the most urgent issues we face
Unfamiliarity stands in the way, as does an oft-unexamined assumption that making issues smaller makes them easier to address. We often hear the viewpoint, “I already work on poverty (or climate, etc.) and that’s hard enough. Why should I add biodiversity or pollution to the mix ” Fundraising for crossing borders can be a struggle too. Funders want the “visible results” shown, but they don’t always see crossing borders as an essential part of achieving those results.
It is easy to devalue and underemphasize connection-building. After all, it can be delicate and not always visible. But to realize goals in today’s world, from equitable policies and low-carbon facilities to values like cooperation and fairness, we do need deep shifts, and we need them soon. And facilitating the flow of ideas back and forth across borders is one way to speed change.
31. As for systems boundaries the author is ______.
A. critical B. puzzled C. supportive D. unconcerned
32. What does the word “premise” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Prediction. B. Precondition. C. Prevention. D. Presentation.
33. What can we learn from the passage
A. People are familiar with multisolving.
B. WUNZ performed multisolving successfully.
C. Raising money helps to produce visible results.
D. Multisolving is widely used to address problems.
34. Which would be the best title for the passage
A. Multisolving: Hard to achieve soon
B. Multisolving: Essential to solve small issues
C. Multisolving: Conducting partnership across borders
D. Multisolving: Making systems whole, healthy, and sustainable
【答案】31. A 32. B 33. B 34. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了多解决方案的必要性，即使系统完整、健康和可持续。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第一段中“System boundaries divide, the big, messy, interconnected world into smaller subsystems. This is useful, even necessary. Our minds and our collective governance systems would be stuck if we had to always consider all the connections of everything to everything else. But dividing systems into subsystems can sometimes break a natural cooperativity. (系统边界划分。庞大、混乱、相互联系的世界变成了更小的子系统。这是有用的，甚至是必要的。如果我们必须总是考虑所有事物与其他事物之间的联系，我们的思想和我们的集体治理系统就会被卡住。但是将系统划分为子系统有时会破坏自然的协作性)”可知，作者认为系统边界划分是有用的，甚至是必要的，但是将系统划分为子系统有时会破坏自然的协作性，所以作者的态度是批判性的。故选A。
【32题详解】
词句猜测题。由文章第三段中“We can even redraw them to include more of what matters in a single project or investment. (我们甚至可以重新绘制它们，以便在单个项目或投资中包含更多重要的内容)”以及“using one investment of time or effort to achieve several goals at once (使用一次时间或精力的投入来同时实现多个目标)”可知，使用一次时间或精力的投入来同时实现多个目标，这是多重解决的前提。A. Prediction预测；B. Precondition前提条件；C. Prevention预防；D. Presentation介绍。故选B。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第四段中“For instance, Warm Up New Zealand (WUNZ) upgraded the energy efficiency of residential buildings and provided jobs in the building sector after a financial downturn. The project resulted in better health for residents, as well. That translated into health systems savings. Taken together, a 2011 study estimated that across all these benefits, the project saved $3. 90 for every $1 invested. (例如，Warm Up New Zealand (WUNZ)提升了住宅建筑的能源效率，并在金融危机后为建筑行业提供了就业机会。该项目还改善了居民的健康状况。这转化为卫生系统的节省。2011年的一项研究估计，综合所有这些好处，该项目节省了3美元。每1美元投资90美元)”可知，WUNZ成功执行了多重解决方案。故选B。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段中“But dividing systems into subsystems can sometimes break a natural cooperativity. (但是将系统划分为子系统有时会破坏自然的协作性)”、第三段中“We can make these borders less obvious and conduct partnerships across them.We can even redraw them to include more of what matters in a single project or investment. That’s the premise of multisolving—using one investment of time or effort to achieve several goals at once. (我们可以使这些边界不那么明显，并在它们之间开展伙伴关系。我们甚至可以重新绘制它们，以便在单个项目或投资中包含更多重要的内容。这是多重解决的前提——使用一次时间或精力的投入来同时实现多个目标)”、第五段中“Multisolving seems possible everywhere and like an obvious choice. (多重解法似乎在任何地方都是可行的，是一个显而易见的选择)”、最后一段“It is easy to devalue and underemphasize connection-building. After all, it can be delicate and not always visible. But to realize goals in today’s world, from equitable policies and low-carbon facilities to values like cooperation and fairness, we do need deep shifts, and we need them soon. And facilitating the flow of ideas back and forth across borders is one way to speed change. (人们很容易低估和低估建立联系的重要性。毕竟，它可以是微妙的，并不总是可见的。但要实现当今世界的目标，从公平的政策和低碳设施，到合作和公平等价值观，我们确实需要深刻的转变，而且需要尽快。促进思想的跨境流动是加速变革的一种方式)”可知，本文主要介绍了多解决方案的必要性，即使系统完整、健康和可持续。故选D。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Flow is a cognitive (认知的) state where one is completely immersed (沉浸) in an activity — from painting and writing to yoga and surfboarding. ___35___
The process of flow was discovered and coined by the Hungarian-American psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. In the 1960s, Csikszentmihalyi studied the creative process and found that, when an artist was in the course of flow, they would insist on their task strictly, regardless of hunger or exhaustion. ___36___
One of Csikszentmihalyi’s key points about flow is that a person needs to push oneself out of their comfort zone to stimulate it. Because it’s a dynamic state, one has to constantly adjust the skill level, challenge, and complexity required for the activity. ___37___ If your skill level goes beyond the activity, boredom will set in, which will break the state of flow.
___38___ One can access flow by thinking of activities like sports, dancing and painting. We can also have a flow state experience with many of our day-to-day tasks and encounters. Watching TV and video gaming, however, are not on that list.
Flow can also be a tool for better emotion regulation (调节). When a person is in a state of flow, there is little need for doubts or anxieties about oneself or the world in general. ___39___ Through the process of flow, a person chooses to focus on a task and gain a sense of autonomy over time, body, and mind.
However, pushing yourself to find the flow state can backfire. In fact, trying too hard or wondering whether you are in this state in itself goes against flow. We lose the balance between tension and skill level if we concentrate too much on the task.
A. Even the uncertainties of life fall away.
B. People may not realize it but anyone can find flow.
C. Ask yourself if a certain task will fulfill a goal of yours.
D. Flow can sometimes be viewed as a forerunner for peak performance.
E. He also found that the artist would highlight the process and not the end result.
F. As you practice a skill, your level of mastery will change as will the feeling of flow.
G. It involves intense focus, creative engagement and the loss of awareness of time and self.
【答案】35. G 36. E 37. F 38. B 39. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于Flow状态的定义、发现者、达到这种状态的关键点、可以帮助达到这种状态的活动以及它在情感调节方面的应用。
【35题详解】
根据上文内容“Flow is a cognitive (认知的) state where one is completely immersed (沉浸) in an activity—from painting and writing to yoga and surfboarding.(心流是一种认知状态，一个人完全沉浸在一种活动中——从绘画、写作到瑜伽和冲浪)”可知，上文主要介绍了心流的概念。选项G“It involves intense focus, creative engagement and the loss of awareness of time and self.(它包括高度集中注意力、创造性投入以及时间和自我意识的丧失)”是上文内容的自然延续，继续介绍了心流的相关内容。故选G。
【36题详解】
根据上文内容“In the 1960s, Csikszentmihalyi studied the creative process and found that, when an artist was in the course of flow, they would insist on their task strictly, regardless of hunger or exhaustion.(20世纪60年代，Csikszentmihalyi对创作过程进行了研究，发现当艺术家处于心流状态时，他们会严格地坚持自己的任务，无论饥饿还是疲惫)”可知，上文主要介绍了Csikszentmihalyi的发现，他发现了艺术家处于心流状态时会严格坚持自己的任务。选项E“He also found that the artist would highlight the process and not the end result.(他还发现艺术家会强调过程而不是最终结果)”中的“also”延续上文内容，指的是Csikszentmihalyi还发现艺术家会强调过程，与上文内容一致。故选E。
【37题详解】
根据上文“One of Csikszentmihalyi’s key points about flow is that a person needs to push oneself out of their comfort zone to stimulate it. Because it’s a dynamic state, one has to constantly adjust the skill level, challenge, and complexity required for the activity.(Csikszentmihalyi关于心流的关键观点之一是，一个人需要把自己从舒适区推出来刺激它。因为这是一个动态状态，一个人必须不断调整技能水平、挑战和活动所需的复杂性)”可知，心流是一种动态的状态。选项F“As you practice a skill, your level of mastery will change as will the feeling of flow.(当你练习一项技能时，你的熟练程度会随着心流的感觉而改变)”与上文内容一致，指的是练习技能时，技能的熟练程度会随着心流的感觉而变化。故选F。
【38题详解】
空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文“One can access flow by thinking of activities like sports, dancing and painting. We can also have a flow state experience with many of our day-to-day tasks and encounters. Watching TV and video gaming, however, are not on that list.(一个人可以通过思考运动、舞蹈和绘画等活动来进入心流状态。我们也可以在许多日常任务和遭遇中获得心流状态体验。然而，看电视和玩电子游戏却不在其中)”可知，我们每个人都可以通过思考运动、舞蹈和绘画等活动来进入心流状态。选项B“People may not realize it but anyone can find flow.(人们可能没有意识到，但是任何人都可以找到心流)”与下文内容一致，指的是每个人都可以进入心流状态。故选B。
【39题详解】
根据空前内容“Flow can also be a tool for better emotion regulation (调节) .When a person is in a state of flow, there is little need for doubts or anxieties about oneself or the world in general.(心流也可以成为更好的情绪调节工具。当一个人处于心流状态时，就很少需要对自己或整个世界产生怀疑或焦虑)”指的是心流状态可以帮助我们调节情绪。当一个人处于心流状态时，就不会对世界产生怀疑或焦虑。选项A“Even the uncertainties of life fall away.(甚至生活中的不确定性也消失了)”延续上文内容，指的仍然是心流状态可以帮助我们调节情绪。故选A
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
There’s a difference between being nice and being kind. Being nice involves being polite and pleasing to others. If you’re people pleasing, you’re placing an expectation on the person you’re being nice to that they respond to you in a certain way. Being kind is less self-serving. On the one hand, kindness involves being generous without expecting anything in return. The other half is the purpose behind the action. A kind person is acting out of sympathy and genuine concern for another.
The difference is intentionality, said Dr. Catherine Franssen, an associate professor of psychology at Longwood University in Virginia, noting that a kind person tries to really understand what someone else is going through.
Practicing kindness rather than niceness allows people to develop deeper genuine connections with others, said Franssen. The more you do it, the easier it will get to relate to others and build more meaningful relationships in all aspects of life.
The warm feeling you get from performing an act of kindness is your brain releasing a ton of feel-good chemicals. Franssen said being kind boosts production of serotonin, a neurotransmitter (神经传递素) involved in mood, including happiness. Kindness also releases dopamine, a brain chemical in charge of reward and pleasure. It’s the reason why doing one act of kindness feels so good that you want to do another.
Being kind gives the same health benefits, regardless of how big or small the gesture. Acts of kindness might feel strange and out-of-character at first. However, this feeling goes away the more you keep practicing. Soon enough, it becomes so familiar you’ll notice the benefits on yourself and others.
40. What does being kind involve
_____________________________________________________________
41. Why do you get warm feeling when showing kindness
_____________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
> The more you practice niceness, the easier you will connect with others and establish more meaningful relationships in all aspects of life.
_____________________________________________________________
43. In your daily life, what can you do to show kindness (In about 40 words)
_____________________________________________________________
【答案】40. Being kind/Kindness/It involves being generous without expecting anything in return.
41. (Because) When showing kindness, your brain releases a ton of feel-good chemicals such as serotonin and dopamine while showing kindness. The warm feeling you get from performing an act of kindness is your brain releasing a ton of feel-good chemicals.
42. The more you practice niceness, the easier you will connect with others and establish more meaningful relationships in all aspects of life.
(According to the passage, ) the more you practice kindness, the easier you will connect others and build more meaningful relationships in all aspects of life./The more you practice kindness, the easier it will get to relate to others and build more meaningful relationships in all aspects of life.
43. In my daily life, I can show kindness by listening attentively to others, offering help when needed, and being generous with my time and resources. Simple actions like smiling, greeting, and offering a word of encouragement can also convey kindness.
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要解释了善良的定义，以及善良的意义所在。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“Being kind is less self-serving. On the one hand, kindness involves being generous without expecting anything in return. The other half is the purpose behind the action. A kind person is acting out of sympathy and genuine concern for another.(善良是少自私。一方面，善良包括不期望任何回报的慷慨。另一半是行动背后的目的。善良的人的行为是出于对他人的同情和真诚的关心)”可知，善良的行为包括对他人的真诚关心和同情，不期待任何回报。故答案为Being kind/Kindness/It involves being generous without expecting anything in return.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第四段“The warm feeling you get from performing an act of kindness is your brain releasing a ton of feel-good chemicals. Franssen said being kind boosts production of serotonin, a neurotransmitter (神经传递素) involved in mood, including happiness. Kindness also releases dopamine, a brain chemical in charge of reward and pleasure. It’s the reason why doing one act of kindness feels so good that you want to do another.(你从做好事中得到的温暖感觉是你的大脑释放了大量让你感觉良好的化学物质。Franssen说，友善会促进血清素的产生，血清素是一种与情绪有关的神经递质，包括幸福感。善良也会释放多巴胺，这是一种负责奖励和快乐的大脑化学物质。这就是为什么做了一件好事感觉很好，你想做另一件事的原因)”可知，从做好事中得到温暖是因为大脑释放了大量化学物质，这些化学物质会让你感到温暖。故答案为(Because) When showing kindness, your brain releases a ton of feel-good chemicals such as serotonin and dopamine while showing kindness. The warm feeling you get from performing an act of kindness is your brain releasing a ton of feel-good chemicals.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“Practicing kindness rather than niceness allows people to develop deeper genuine connections with others, said Franssen. The more you do it, the easier it will get to relate to others and build more meaningful relationships in all aspects of life.( Franssen说，练习善良而不是友善能让人们与他人建立更深层次的真诚联系。你做得越多，就越容易与他人建立联系，并在生活的各个方面建立更有意义的关系)”可知，练习善良练得越多，就越容易与他人建立联系，并在生活的各个方面建立更有意义的关系，而不是练习友善。故答案为The more you practice niceness, the easier you will connect with others and establish more meaningful relationships in all aspects of life.
(According to the passage, ) the more you practice kindness, the easier you will connect others and build more meaningful relationships in all aspects of life./The more you practice kindness, the easier it will get to relate to others and build more meaningful relationships in all aspects of life.
【43题详解】
开放题。要求考生谈谈在现实生活中会如何表达善意，考生言之有理即可。故参考答案In my daily life, I can show kindness by listening attentively to others, offering help when needed, and being generous with my time and resources. Simple actions like smiling, greeting, and offering a word of encouragement can also convey kindness.
第二节 (20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校交换生Jim被学生会邀请参加主题为“Life in 2023”的学年总结展示活动，他发来邮件询问你的建议。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：
1. 展示形式；
2. 展示内容。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hun.
【答案】
Dear Jim,
When conveyed that you have been invited to participate in the activity, with the theme of “Life in 2023”, I feel delighted and hasten to offer my opinions and suggestions.
I think you can participate in this activity in an interactive manner, which means students can have a better understanding of what you want to express. You can showcase some pictures on site, which are about your life in 2023. And you can ask them some questions about the content of the pictures. I have the confidence that it will arise the interests of the students.
Hopefully, you will get some inspiration from my suggestions. Wish you success.
Yours,
Li Hun
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。交换生Jim被学生会邀请参加主题为“Life in 2023”的学年总结展示活动，他发来邮件询问考生的建议，要求考生按照要求给他回复邮件。
【详解】1.词汇积累
参加：participate in→ take part in
高兴的：delighted→ glad
提供：offer→ provide
建议：suggestion→ proposal
2.同义句转换
原句：When conveyed that you have been invited to participate in the activity, with the theme of “Life in 2023”, I feel delighted and hasten to offer my opinions and suggestions.
拓展句：When conveyed that you have been invited to participate in the activity, whose theme is “Life in 2023”, I feel delighted and hasten to offer my opinions and suggestions.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I think you can participate in this activity in an interactive manner, which means students can have a better understanding of what you want to express.（运用了which引导非限制性定语从句、what引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】You can showcase some pictures on site, which are about your life in 2023. （运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）顺义区2024届高三第一次统练
英语试卷
考生须知：1. 本试卷总分100分，考试时长90分钟。本试卷共12页，共三部分。
2. 在答题卡上准确填写学校、姓名、班级和教育ID号。
3. 考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。选择题必须用2B铅笔作答，非选择题必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答。
4. 考试结束后，请将答题卡交回，试卷自己保留。
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A golden fog settled over the fields. The sun prepared to rest for the evening. I looked forward to setting my ___1___ aside for an evening.
I wasn’t long headed home when I heard a voice behind me. “Photo, photo, photo.” A young boy about 7 or 8 years old followed closely. I breathed a tired sigh. I had no ___2___ to press the shutter button one more time, no matter how beautiful or eager he was, but he kept following me. As I looked at him, half ___3___, an idea for a composition flashed in my mind.
I kneeled in the field and instructed the boy where to stand and how to pose. As I prepared to take the photograph, his energy suddenly shifted from ___4___ to shyness to fear. No matter what I told him to do — how to stand, how to look — I just couldn’t get the ___5___. Defeated, I gave up. I looked at the boy, who looked ___6___ and awkward.
In an effort to ___7___ him, I clapped my hands, saying, “That was great. You were great.” Passers-by gathered around, cheering and clapping loudly. The boy’s face immediately broke into (a) ___8___. I intuitively (直觉地) took a few shots of the moment.
That photograph turned out to be better than the ___9___ I’d imagined because it came from a deeper place within me. When we ____10____ frustration (懊恼) and focus on what’s here in the moment, that is when we are moved to create from the inside out.
1.
A. money B. camera C. boots D. notebook
2.
A. time B. confidence C. energy D. chance
3.
A. interested B. disappointed C. relieved D. puzzled
4.
A. panic B. confusion C. eagerness D. directness
5.
A. help B. attention C. idea D. shot
6
A. alone B. unconcerned C. violent D. thoughtful
7
A. disturb B. cheer C. accept D. satisfy
8.
A. smile B. tears C. worries D. surprise
9.
A. style B. color C. content D. composition
10.
A. turn to B. deal with C. let go of D. give in to
第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，共15分)
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Kenneth Shinozuka was 10 when his grandfather, ___11___ has Alzheimer’s disease, began to wander. He wanted to invent something to help. That turned out to be a pressure sensor in a sock. The sensor will send an alarm to a caregiver’s smartphone as soon as a patient ___12___ (step) out of bed. Today Kenneth continues to improve his invention ___13___ (help) caregivers get an alarm from any distance. His biggest dream is to one day find cures for all Alzheimer’s.
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Merriam-Webster ___14___ (announce) that “authentic” was a top term of the year 2023. The rise of Al helped drive interest ___15___ the word. And the line between “real” and “fake” (假的) has become ___16___ (increasing) unclear. As a result, in social media and marketing, “authentic” has become the gold standard for building trust.
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
World Animal Day is an annual event on 4th October, ___17___ (aim) to improve animal rights across the globe. It ___18___ (celebrate) since a German writer and publisher started it in 1925. Through joining in various ___19___ (organize) events, people are better aware of how animals should be treated. And there are so many ___20___ (option) for everyone to help end the needless suffering of all animals.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The CAUSE Leadership Academy (CLA) for students is a paid nine-week internship (实习) program that connects college undergraduates to communities through local political experiences and prepares them to lead and advocate for the civic engagement.
General Information:
·Program Duration: June 24th, 2024—August 23rd, 2024
·Location and Time Commitment: CLA will be an in-person, full-time program (5 days per week, about 40 hours per week) .
·Payment: Each intern will receive $4, 000 upon satisfactory completion of the program.
Program Goals:
·To gain new skills and knowledge
·To deepen understanding of issues that impact the local community
·To explore civic leadership career paths
·To develop professional experience and skills to be effective in political advocacy and campaign support
Program Components:
·Interns will work together to develop a project.
·Interns will be placed in a public, private, or non-profit host office.
·Interns will learn about and support civic engagement efforts with their Host Office.
·Interns will develop leadership skills and expand understanding of civic engagement.
Requirements for the applicants:
·Have a minimum GPA (Grade Point Average) of 3. 0
·Be a current student with at least one year of college completed or a recent college graduate
·Be able to actively participate in all major events
For full consideration, applicants must ensure both Application and Letter of Recommendation are received by Sunday, January 28th, 2024 at 11: 59 pm.
21. The program aims to help participants _______.
A. lead political campaigns B. make high academic achievements
C. choose civic leadership career paths D. deepen understanding of civic issues
22. CLA will provide interns _______.
A. a training online B. a project to finish individually
C. a leader position in a Host Office D. a $4, 000 payment for great work
23. Which is a requirement for the applicants
A. Participating in all events. B. Having a GPA no less than 3. 0.
C. Applying after January 28th, 2024. D. Being a current high school student.
B
If you have ever seen a snowflake design on jewelry or a bag, chances are it was based on one of Wilson Bentley’s more than 5, 000 photomicrographs of snow crystals (晶体).
At first, though, Bentley did not have any way to share his enjoyment of the delicate hexagons (六边形) other than to draw them. He spent hours outside or inside his unheated storeroom with a microscope. He would pick up a snow crystal and transfer it to a microscope slide. There, he flattened it with a bird feather. Then, holding his breath, he observed the crystal and hurried to draw what he saw before it turned forever into thin air.
A few years later, Bentley began his pursuit to photograph a snow crystal. He attached a microscope to a camera. Time after time, his negatives appeared blank. The following winter, he finally figured out that too much light was reaching the camera. His solution was to place a metal plate with a tiny hole in the center beneath the stage of the microscope. It cut down the stray (杂散) light and allowed only the light waves carrying the image to reach the camera.
On January 15, 1885, at the age of 19, Bentley finally photographed a snowflake! He spent many hours over the next 45 years in his tiny darkroom developing negatives.
Bentley lived his entire life on his childhood farm. He farmed for a living. To his friends and family, he was kind, gentle, and funny “Willie”. But to scientists, he was the untrained researcher who became a snow crystal pioneer. He wrote for science journals. He not only photographed snow crystals but also became an authority on dew (露水) and frost. He kept a detailed daily log of local weather conditions throughout his life. He developed a method to measure the size of raindrops too.
Bentley never made more than a few thousand dollars from his work. It had been a labor of love, and he was satisfied to be able to share the beauty of his snow crystals with the world. And today, he is remembered as Snowflake Bentley.
24. Why did Bentley draw the snow crystals
A. To design products. B. To become an artist.
C. To share his pleasure. D. To research the weather.
25. To photograph a snow crystal, Bentley _______.
A. improved the microscope B. changed the negatives
C. turned down the light D. invented a camera
26. What do we know about Bentley
A. He lived a successful but boring life. B. He was laughed at for lack of training.
C. He earned a lot of money from his photos. D. He was not only an artist but also a scientist.
27. What can we learn from this passage
A. Practice makes perfect. B. Intelligence is the key to success.
C. Love and devotion makes a person. D. Chances are for those who are prepared.
C
I love a group text—a grext, if you’ll permit me—but lately, the huge number of them competing for my attention has felt out of control. By the time I wake up, the notifications have already started rolling in; as I’m going to bed, they’re still coming. In between, I try to keep up, but all it takes is one 30-minute meeting before I’ve somehow gotten 100 new messages. I scroll up and up, trying to find where I left off, like I’ve lost my place in a book that keeps getting longer.
For better or for worse, we might be in the Age of the Group Chat. One study found that less than 2 percent of participants had only one-on-one chats on social media. 42 percent said that group chats can feel like a part-time job. Other studies have found that group chats can contribute to group bond and shared fun. A group text can be like a reminder that you’re part of something. Some researchers call this “ambient virtual presence”: Even when you’re alone, you’re not alone. This is like bats and dolphins producing a continuous sound and use the resulting echo (回声) to sense what’s around them.
But taking in too many signals can create a “waterfall type of effect,” where messages keep flooding in and adding up. Eventually, you’re underwater. Adding to the disorder, without a standard rule, people have very different ideas about group norm and what degree of responsiveness is required—which can cause real tension.
Fear of that tension can make wordless or even leaving a chat feel dispiriting. And anyway, you might not want to miss out. The desire isn’t to exit the room so much as to break a window. If group messaging is like echolocation, then disconnecting means lost.
Ultimately, most of us do want connection, even if it involves some duties; we’ll take quantities of messages when we’re busy if it means we can reach out when we’re hurting. A general advice is to give up grexts that are carrying on but that don’t really interest you. But when you can’t, you’ll just have to accept that belonging takes some effort. That’s the nature of relationships, right
28. The author uses his experience in Paragraph 1 to _______.
A. introduce the topic B. predict the ending
C. highlight an opinion D. illustrate an argument
29. What can be inferred from Paragraph 2
A. Lonely people prefer group chats. B. Bats and dolphins have group chats.
C. Group chats offer a sense of belonging. D. Group chats create a few part-time jobs.
30. What does the writer intend to tell us
A. Group chat needs a standard rule.
B. Group chat gives us more fear than joy.
C. Group chat helps promote strong connection.
D. Group chat is just a way to maintain relationships.
D
Borders, departments, or issue areas all represent what systems analysts call system boundaries. System boundaries divide. the big, messy, interconnected world into smaller subsystems. This is useful, even necessary. Our minds and our collective governance systems would be stuck if we had to always consider all the connections of everything to everything else. But dividing systems into subsystems can sometimes break a natural cooperativity. For instance, a decarbonizing country will spend money in its energy and transportation sectors and save money in its health system.
Decarbonization could be a win for the whole, but it might be experienced as a bother for particular subsystems.
Donella Meadows, the early systems modeler, wrote that system boundaries are “lines in the mind, not in the world.” And that is actually good news. If departments, and disciplines are just ideas, then there is nothing immovable about them. We can make these borders less obvious and conduct partnerships across them. We can even redraw them to include more of what matters in a single project or investment. That’s the premise of multisolving—using one investment of time or effort to achieve several goals at once.
For instance, Warm Up New Zealand (WUNZ) upgraded the energy efficiency of residential buildings and provided jobs in the building sector after a financial downturn. The project resulted in better health for residents, as well. That translated into health systems savings. Taken together, a 2011 study estimated that across all these benefits, the project saved $3. 90 for every $1 invested.
Multisolving seems possible everywhere and like an obvious choice. Yet, it is very much the exception, not the rule. Why is multisolving still so rare when it has the nower to boost progress on some of the most urgent issues we face
Unfamiliarity stands in the way, as does an oft-unexamined assumption that making issues smaller makes them easier to address. We often hear the viewpoint, “I already work on poverty (or climate, etc.) and that’s hard enough. Why should I add biodiversity or pollution to the mix ” Fundraising for crossing borders can be a struggle too. Funders want the “visible results” shown, but they don’t always see crossing borders as an essential part of achieving those results.
It is easy to devalue and underemphasize connection-building. After all, it can be delicate and not always visible. But to realize goals in today’s world, from equitable policies and low-carbon facilities to values like cooperation and fairness, we do need deep shifts, and we need them soon. And facilitating the flow of ideas back and forth across borders is one way to speed change.
31. As for systems boundaries, the author is ______.
A. critical B. puzzled C. supportive D. unconcerned
32. What does the word “premise” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Prediction. B. Precondition. C. Prevention. D. Presentation.
33. What can we learn from the passage
A. People are familiar with multisolving.
B. WUNZ performed multisolving successfully.
C. Raising money helps to produce visible results.
D. Multisolving is widely used to address problems.
34. Which would be the best title for the passage
A. Multisolving: Hard to achieve soon
B Multisolving: Essential to solve small issues
C. Multisolving: Conducting partnership across borders
D. Multisolving: Making systems whole, healthy, and sustainable
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Flow is a cognitive (认知的) state where one is completely immersed (沉浸) in an activity — from painting and writing to yoga and surfboarding. ___35___
The process of flow was discovered and coined by the Hungarian-American psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. In the 1960s, Csikszentmihalyi studied the creative process and found that, when an artist was in the course of flow, they would insist on their task strictly, regardless of hunger or exhaustion. ___36___
One of Csikszentmihalyi’s key points about flow is that a person needs to push oneself out of their comfort zone to stimulate it. Because it’s a dynamic state, one has to constantly adjust the skill level, challenge, and complexity required for the activity. ___37___ If your skill level goes beyond the activity, boredom will set in, which will break the state of flow.
___38___ One can access flow by thinking of activities like sports, dancing and painting. We can also have a flow state experience with many of our day-to-day tasks and encounters. Watching TV and video gaming, however, are not on that list.
Flow can also be a tool for better emotion regulation (调节). When a person is in a state of flow, there is little need for doubts or anxieties about oneself or the world in general. ___39___ Through the process of flow, a person chooses to focus on a task and gain a sense of autonomy over time, body, and mind.
However, pushing yourself to find the flow state can backfire. In fact, trying too hard or wondering whether you are in this state in itself goes against flow. We lose the balance between tension and skill level if we concentrate too much on the task.
A. Even the uncertainties of life fall away.
B. People may not realize it but anyone can find flow.
C. Ask yourself if a certain task will fulfill a goal of yours.
D. Flow can sometimes be viewed as a forerunner for peak performance.
E. He also found that the artist would highlight the process and not the end result.
F. As you practice a skill, your level of mastery will change as will the feeling of flow.
G. It involves intense focus, creative engagement and the loss of awareness of time and self.
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
There’s a difference between being nice and being kind. Being nice involves being polite and pleasing to others. If you’re people pleasing, you’re placing an expectation on the person you’re being nice to that they respond to you in a certain way. Being kind is less self-serving. On the one hand, kindness involves being generous without expecting anything in return. The other half is the purpose behind the action. A kind person is acting out of sympathy and genuine concern for another.
The difference is intentionality, said Dr. Catherine Franssen, an associate professor of psychology at Longwood University in Virginia, noting that a kind person tries to really understand what someone else is going through.
Practicing kindness rather than niceness allows people to develop deeper genuine connections with others, said Franssen. The more you do it, the easier it will get to relate to others and build more meaningful relationships in all aspects of life.
The warm feeling you get from performing an act of kindness is your brain releasing a ton of feel-good chemicals. Franssen said being kind boosts production of serotonin, a neurotransmitter (神经传递素) involved in mood, including happiness. Kindness also releases dopamine, a brain chemical in charge of reward and pleasure. It’s the reason why doing one act of kindness feels so good that you want to do another.
Being kind gives the same health benefits, regardless of how big or small the gesture. Acts of kindness might feel strange and out-of-character at first. However, this feeling goes away the more you keep practicing. Soon enough, it becomes so familiar you’ll notice the benefits on yourself and others.
40. What does being kind involve
_____________________________________________________________
41. Why do you get warm feeling when showing kindness
_____________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
> The more you practice niceness, the easier you will connect with others and establish more meaningful relationships in all aspects of life.
_____________________________________________________________
43. In your daily life, what can you do to show kindness (In about 40 words)
_____________________________________________________________
第二节 (20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校交换生Jim被学生会邀请参加主题为“Life in 2023”的学年总结展示活动，他发来邮件询问你的建议。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：
1. 展示形式；
2. 展示内容。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hun.

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