资源简介 英语高考专题复习----独立主格结构及其用法独立主格结构是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词(副)词、或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。该结构不是句子,也不是从句,所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化,它与其主句之间既不能通过并列连词连接也不能有从句引导词引导,常用逗号与其主句隔开。常见的独立主格结构有如下几种:一.逻辑主语+名词/形容词/副词/介词短语该结构相当于一个未带动词的“主—系—表”结构。1.名词/代词+介词短语。如:The man came in ,gun in hand.男人走进来,手里握着枪。2.名词/代词+副词。如:The meeting over, we all went out.会议结束后,我们都出去了。3.名词/代词+形容词。如:The students were having a discussion ,their faces red with excitement.学生们正在讨论,他们因为激动脸都红了。二..名词/代词+非谓语动词(现在分词、过去分词、不定式),现在分词表示主动或动作正在进行,过去分词表示被动、完成概念,动词不定式表示将来的动作。如:1、逻辑主语+V-ing这种构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作执行者,分词表示的动作不是整句主语发出的动作,而是其逻辑主语发出的动作。如:It being a fine day ,we went out for a picnic last Sunday.因为天气好,我们上周日出去野餐了。2、逻辑主语+V-ed该构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作承受者。如:All things considered ,we will be much more successful.所有的情况都考虑进去,我们将会更加成功。三."with+名词/代词+形容词/副词/介词短语/非谓语动词"构成独立主格结构,在句中作定语或状语,若内部动词表示将来(无论主动还是被动),则用不定式;若内部动词表示被动且属过去,则用过去分词;若内部动词表示持续主动动作,则用现在分词。该结构在句子中可以作以下几种成分:。如:1、原因状语1. With the man guiding us ahead, we had no trouble finding the village.2、时间状语1. The street looks more beautiful with all the lights on3、伴随状语1. She left the offices with tears in her eyes4、后置定语1. Do you know the man with a book in his hand 二、独立主格结构在整句中可作以下成分:1、原因状语该结构在句中作原因状语时相当于一个原因状语从句。如:There being no bus, we had to walk home.2、时间状语独立主格结构作时间状语时相当于一个由when, as soon as, after等引导的时间状语从句。如:The signal given, the train started.3、条件状语独立主格结构作条件状语时可以改为由if引导的条件状语从句。如:1. Weather permitting, we'll go to visit the Great Wall.4、伴随状语独立主格结构作伴随状语时相当于一个介词短语或并列谓语。如:1. We have lessons every day, . Sunday included /Sunday including / Sunday is including.分词、独立主格和“with /without+ 复合宾语”作状语的区别分词结构、独立主格结构、with /without + 复合宾语结构在句中均可作状语,其区别是这样的:一、分词在句中作状语时句子的主语是分词的逻辑主语,即主句主语是分词的动作执行者(用现在分词)或动作承受者(用过去分词或现在分词被动式)。这种情况下的分词短语可以改为相应的状语从句或并列谓语。分词短语在句中常作以下状语:1、原因状语1. Being late, we had to walk home.2、时间状语1. Correcting the students' homework, the teacher found a lot of mistakes.3、条件状语1. Given more time, he is sure to finish his test paper.4、伴随状语1. Father came back, carrying a bag of money on his left shoulder.二、独立主格结构和with /without + 复合宾语结构在句子中作状语时,这种结构内部的分词或介词短语的逻辑主语不是整句的主语,即主句主语与分词的逻辑主语不一致。如:2. With his eyes closed, he finished playing the game of chess.3. Library closed , I couldn’t get the book I wanted.三、使用分词短语、独立主格结构、with/without + 复合宾语结构分别在句子中作状语时要注意:它们与主句之间不应有从属连词(如when, if, as soon as, as, while等)或并列连词(如and, but, or, so等)。例如:1. Checking the answers /Checking the answers and /When checking the answers and the teacher told the class to go through the text。四、在使用独立主格结构、with/without +复合宾语结构、分词结构作句子的状语时,一定要看句子主语同这些结构的逻辑关系。1、当句子主语与该状语内部动词之间有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系时,该状语可用分词结构或从句表示。1. Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.2、若句子主语与状语内动词之间不存在逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系且状语内有自已的逻辑主语。则该状语不能用分词结构,只能用独立主格结构、with/without +复合宾语结构或从句。如:With all the lights on, the Tiananmen Square looks more beautiful.随堂练习语法填空The signal _________ (give), the train started.New words ______________(explain), the text became easier for us to learn.Father came back, _______(follow) by a monkey._________(be)a rainy day, so all the farmers had to stay inside._______(wait)for the bus at the stop, he suddenly caught sight of a thief.The soldier fell asleep with the candle ___________(burn).________ (watch)the notice, he had an idea.With a lot of work_____(do), she doesn’t have time to rest.With the boy (lead) the way ,we found the office easily.10. With his work______(do), the secretary began to walk home. 2. The man found the door with both his eyes ______(close).11. We felt uncomfortable with two waitresses_______ (stand )by.12. Please offer your seat to the woman _____( carry) a baby in her arms. 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览