资源简介

11试卷
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What does the woman offer to do for the man
A．Drive him to a party. B．Return a book. C．Lend him her car.
2．What are the speakers talking about
A．The woman’s living place.
B．Their likes and dislikes.
C．Scenic mountains and kind neighbors.
3．What is the woman doing
A．Ordering lunch. B．Returning a wallet. C．Inviting the man to see a film.
4．What is the weather like now
A．Rainy. B．Sunny. C．Windy.
5．What’s the relationship between the speakers
A．Waiter and customer. B．Friends. C．Coworkers.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6．What will the new gallery do
A．Hold a competition. B．Sell works to locals. C．Exhibit works of new artists.
7．How can the speakers complete the submission process
A．By applying online. B．By delivering the works. C．By registering in person.
听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。
8．Which state was the coldest last year
A．Florida. B．California. C．Illinois.
9．How does climate affect hurricanes according to the scientists
A．It causes more of them to happen.
B．It makes them more powerful.
C．It has no effect on them at all.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10．What are the speakers mainly talking about
A．Some cities in Asia.
B．The best places to travel to.
C．The man’s traveling experience.
11．What is the relationship between the speakers
A．Colleagues. B．Guide and tourist. C．Teacher and student.
12．What did the man often do in Seoul
A．He visited some ancient temples.
B．He went to a all-night market.
C．He tasted delicious food.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13．Where does the conversation take place
A．At school. B．At the zoo. C．At an amusement park.
14．Why is Lisa surprised
A．John was busy. B．John arrived late. C．John changed his mind.
15．Why did John lie to Lisa
A．He wanted to come alone.
B．He was afraid of roller coasters.
C．He wanted to give her a surprise.
16．What does John say about Lisa
A．Considerate. B．Brave. C．Reliable.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．What is the speaker talking about in general
A．Organizations for boys.
B．Her memory of a birthday.
C．School activities.
18．What do Guides often do together
A．Play games. B．Hold parties. C．Go bowling.
19．How old was the speaker going to be that weekend
A．10. B．14. C．13.
20．What surprised the speaker
A．Sleeping with a lot of girls at her age.
B．A birthday party prepared by her parents.
C．Coming across many old friends.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑
A
Costa Rica is full of unique animals found nowhere else on Earth. And you could help nurse some of these injured forest animals back to health white you live and volunteer in Costa Rica for op to 10 weeks!
On this all-inclusive volunteer trip, you get to live and volunteer with a trusted wildlife rehabilitation (康复) organisation in Costa Rica. When you go with Global, you will also get:
Pre-Departure Guide — Our in-depth pre-departure guide will have all the information you need about your trip & destination, at your fingertips.
Dedicated Trip Coordinator — and-picked from an experienced team who’ve been there, done that and ready to guide you through your entire journey.
Accommodation & Meals — Relax in your shared dorm accommodation on-site, with free Wi-Fi and a community atmosphere, and enjoy nutritious Costa Rican cuisine.
Certificate of Completion — warded in recognition of your hard work and dedication throughout the experience, which is a valuable addition to your future résumé.
Can you picture it You spend your days doing various tasks around the sanctuary (禁猎区). Anything from repairing enclosures, feeding the animals, maintaining gardens, or taking photos of the animals.
For most people, getting to see one of these animals is a bucket-list experience, especially if they get to interact and help with the rehabilitation of these injured forest animals. Seeing a sloth (树懒) pick its way through the canopy is one thing. But interacting with a sloth every day, and watching it make progress as it heals from its injuries, will be a once-in-a-lifetime experience.
21．What is a unique experience for volunteers in Costa Rica
A．Admiring forest scenery. B．Attending to injured animals.
C．Doing wildlife research. D．Taking photos for social media.
22．What can volunteers expect in this trip
A．Training before departure. B．Single-room accommodation.
C．Certificate of involvement. D．Hand-picked travel companions.
23．What is the writing purpose of the text
A．To convey information. B．To engage readers through storytelling.
C．To explore significance. D．To persuade readers to act
B
The Greek philosopher Heraclitus taught that you can’t step into the same river twice, for you aren’t the same person at each visit, and the water is ever flowing. It is a powerful way to represent the reality of impermanence: Everything is always changing.
Many people have tense relationships with change. They deny it, resist it or attempt to control it- the result of which is almost always some combination of stress, anxiety, and burnout. It doesn’t have to be that way.
A concept called allostasis can help. Developed in the late 1980s by a neuroscientist, Peter Sterling, and a biologist, Joseph Eyer, allostasis is defined as “stability through change,” elegantly showing the concept’s double meaning: The way to stay stable through the process of change is by changing, at least to some extent.
The river of change has been flowing mercilessly, and it shows no signs of letting up. Societally, we’ve gone through a pandemic (大流行病), its economic decline and the widespread adoption of social media, the combination of which has shifted how we live and work. In our personal lives, we continue to do what we have always done: relocate, start jobs, quit jobs, change jobs, get promoted, experience illness, get married, have children, retire and on and on.
Finding ways in this river requires both ruggedness and flexibility. To be rugged is to be tough and determined, to know your core values and what you stand for. To be flexible is to actively respond to changing circumstances, to adapt and bend easily without breaking, to grow and even change your mind. Put these qualities together and the result is a great endurance, one that helps you maintain your strong core even in fragile moments. It allows you to step into allostasis’s cycle of order, disorder and reorder — which is, of course, one and the same with stepping into Heraclitus’s river —and to chart it skillfully and whenever possible, to your own benefit.
24．What do we know about allostasis
A．It is a contradictory concept. B．It tends to focus on change.
C．It advocates dynamic stability. D．It claims absolute adaptability.
25．Which of the following best explains “letting up” underlined in paragraph 4
A．Being pumped. B．Slowing down. C．Getting polluted. D．Rising up.
26．What will you gain from practicing allostasis according to the last paragraph
A．Popularity. B．Confidence. C．Recognition. D．Perseverance.
27．What is the best title for the passage
A．Say No to Stability B．Stop Resisting Change
C．Fight for Flexibility D．Balance Life and Work
C
Ever wondered why your partner is up with the lark (百灵鸟) while you are happily sleeping till noon It could be thanks to Neanderthal genes, according to a new study.
Scientists comparing ancient DNA with the genetics of modern humans discovered a “striking trend”, said John Capra, an epidemiologist (流行病学家) at the University of California in San Francisco. The researchers found that the Neanderthal genes that remain affect the body clock —increasing tendency to be a morning person.
Neanderthals lived at higher latitudes (纬度) than our ancestors who migrated from Africa一further away from the equator, with the days longer in summer and shorter in winter. “The gene that makes people early risers likely enables more rapid alignment (协调一致) of the circadian clock (生物钟) with changing seasonal light patterns, ”Dr Capra said, “when Neanderthals were able to make the most of daylight hours to hunt.”
Scientists have previously explored how the circadian rhythms of insects, plants,and fish have developed depending on latitude. But that hasn’t been well studied in humans. There searchers wanted to see whether there was a genetic reason for differences in circadian rhythms between Neanderthals and modern people, and found 16 variants (变异体) associated with greater“morningness”. They suspected that as Neanderthals and the ancestors of modern humans mated,people today could have followed Neanderthal“circadian variants”.
To test this,scientists analyse the genetics of several hundred thousand people from the UK Biobank and found many of the variants that affect sleep preference. “Most noticeably, they found that these variants increase morningness,”the researchers said. This is consistent with what has been found in other animals that have adapted to living at a high latitude, as Neanderthals did.
28．Why does the author mention “your partner is up with the lark”in paragraph 1
A．To introduce the following context.
B．To compare two morning life styles.
C．To praise those who get up early.
D．To express gratitude to Neanderthals.
29．What is the root for Neanderthals’ morningness according to paragraph 3
A．The capability of hunting animals. B．The genes from African ancestors.
C．The environment at higher latitudes. D．The daylight hours around their habitats.
30．What can be inferred in paragraph 4
A．Morningness in human is unlike that in plants.
B．Insects’ circadian rhythms are impacted by latitude.
C．Scientists have previously studied the genes of animals.
D．The genes of Neanderthals is the only reason for morningness.
31．How did researchers prove their subsection
A．By analyzing statistics of the subjects.
B．By observing people’s sleeping habits.
C．By interviewing participants in the experiment.
D．By comparing sleep preference among human and animals.
D
Whether exploring distant universe or dashing about a fantasy world, virtual reality has immersed humans in extraordinary places. Now, it seems, mice will be able to join us.
Researchers have developed a pair of virtual reality “goggles” that can bring the mice into various situations, from navigating mazes(导航迷宫) to experiencing the threat of natural enemies.
With a pair of lenses (镜片) and screens mounted on stands either side of a mouse’s head, the recently updated version of “goggles” provides each eye of mice with a 180-degreefield of view. The researchers placed the animals on a treadmill (跑步机) in front of a large screen displaying a digital scene, with their heads fixed to monitor the brain activities. This not only allows mice to see the virtual environment in 3D and gets rid of visual clues of the lab, but offers a way to present virtual images from above —for example, of a hovering hawk. This stimulation causes mice to freeze or flee the same as they react in real environment to survive a hungry bird attack in the wild. When the mice froze, activity from neurons(神经元) in their brains involved in navigation suggested they were in a different location from where they actually were. “It was as if they were thinking about where they would rather be —a safe, covered location up ahead.” Dombeck said, adding such results might help explain how imagination arises in the brain.
The team are also working to identify neurons involved in forming memories when mice navigate a maze, as well as which connections between them are improved to form memories. Answering these questions will help us understand how our brains know where we are in the world around us, how we form memories of those experiences, and ultimately how those memories are degraded in neurodegenerative diseases.
32．What might the mice see and do wearing “goggles”
A．It will always see a hawk in the fields. B．It will enjoy an amazing 3D fiction movie.
C．It will notice the surroundings in the lab. D．It will detect virtual dangers from above.
33．What does the underlined word “mounted” mean in paragraph 3
A．Be attached. B．Be displayed. C．Be collected. D．Be hatched.
34．What do research intend to achieve eventually through this research
A．To teach mice how to face the virtual reality by itself.
B．To study how imagination arises smoothly in the brain.
C．To remind mice how to escape from approaching dangers.
D．To explore how memories are degraded in neuron diseases.
35．Which is the most suitable title for the text
A．Mice take pleasure in the virtual reality. B．Goggles on mice benefit brain research.
C．Goggles play a key role in the research. D．VR helps mice navigate mazes successfully.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分）
New academicians take a group photo after the certificate awarding ceremony at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. 36 They aimed to make greater contributions to the development of the nation’s scientific research by encouraging the young generation and promoting the role of female scientists.
Academician Huang made three commitments to himself — to contribute his energy to scientific research; to apply his achievements in the fields; and to provide more opportunities for young people. “ 37 By allowing outstanding young people to have sufficient opportunities, we can foster a diverse scientific community with vigorous debates,” he said.
Academician Jian Zhimin advised young students that persistence is the most valuable spirit on the path of scientific research. “ 38 This determination and perseverance are essential in scientific research,” he said.
Out of the 59 newly elected academicians this year, five of them are female scientists. Academician Jin Kuijuan mentioned that women have unique perspectives, and respecting the role of women is of crucial significance. 39 .
40 For example, she said funding institutions such as the National Natural Science Foundation and the Excellent Young Scholars Fund have relaxed their age restrictions, taking into consideration the time and energy women need for childbirth and childcare.
A．They are more resilient (有适应力的), which contributes to the development of science.
B．In recent years, Jin has noticed the increasing support for female scientists in China.
C．As academicians, we need to share more opportunities with the younger generation.
D．She has both male and female students, who are irreplaceable to each other.
E．The 59 newly elected academicians vowed at the ceremony on Friday.
F．I hope the honor I received can inspire more females to develop an interest in physics.
G．To achieve success in the field of science, the most important thing is to persist with original intention.
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分,满分15分）
I had not visited Eton for many years. When one day passing from the Fellows’ Library into the Gallery, I caught sight of the 41 of my school friend Digby Dolben hanging just without the door among our most 42 contemporaries. I was 43 arrested and as I stood gazing on it, my 44 asked me if I knew who it was. I was thinking that I must be almost the only person who would know him. Far 45 of my boyhood were crowding 46 upon me: he was standing again beside me in the eager promise of his youth.
This portrait-gallery of old Etonians is very 47 : outstanding distinction of birth or excellent qualities may win you a place there. 48 , how came Dolben there It was 49 he was a poet; and yet his poems were not known. They were carefully 50 by his family and a few friends. Indeed, such of his poems as could have come to the eyes of the authorities who approved of this memorial would not 51 it. There was another 52 — the portrait bears its own certification. Though you might not perhaps understand the poet in it, you can see the soul immersed in deep thought, the habit of stainless (无瑕的) life, of 53 , of enthusiasm for high ideals. Such a being must have 54 remarkably among his fellows. When his early death endeared (使价值更高) his memory, loving grief would generously 55 him the glory which he had never worn.
41．A．statue B．character C．portrait D．theme
42．A．valuable B．distinguished C．familiar D．gracious
43．A．wholly B．partly C．curiously D．secretly
44．A．peers B．chairman C．leader D．companion
45．A．judgment B．thought C．memories D．behaviour
46．A．hurriedly B．freshly C．anxiously D．eagerly
47．A．selective B．splendid C．handsome D．challenging
48．A．Yet B．Therefore C．Thus D．However
49．A．because B．why C．that D．what
50．A．observed B．captured C．illustrated D．guarded
51．A．operate B．promote C．justify D．permit
52．A．appreciation B．reason C．cause D．effect
53．A．devotion B．ambition C．imagination D．symbol
54．A．brought about B．stood for C．stood out D．brought in
55．A．interpret B．grant C．appoint D．identify
第二节：（共10个小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Hiking the Longji Rice Terraces (梯田) in southern China is something I would recommend for everyone to add to their bucket list. The name 56 (literal) means “Dragon’s Backbone” due to the fact that the rice terraces look just like a dragon’s scales, while the mountain’s summit 57 (bear) a likeness to the backbone.
During my visit to Guilin, I decided to set out on a three-day hike through the famous Longji Rice Terraces. Known as the “Dragon’s Backbone”, the terraces were 58 incredible sight as they stretched across the green hills in complicated patterns looking like ripples of water.
The hike 59 (take) me through small villages set against the beautiful landscape. Local farmers were busy tending to the terraced rice fields that had been farmed for over 1,000 years. Along the paths, I passed orange groves and met friendly locals 60 offered me fresh lychee.
At night, I stayed in simple home stays run by farming families. Over multi-course meals
61 (feature) local specialties like sticky rice, I learned 62 (much) about the terraces and village life. The feeling of community spirit and connection to the natural environment was unique.
Reaching the hike’s end after three full days, I felt a profound 63 (appreciate) for these ancient agricultural wonders carefully built into the landscape 64 generations of families. The Dragon’s Backbone terraces provided me with unforgettable mountain views 65 cultural insights into rural China.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 应用文写作（满分15分）
66．你们学校正在举办“讲好中国故事”英语征文活动，请你以一个名胜古迹为主题，写一篇短文投稿。内容包括：
1. 古迹的简介和历史；
2. 意义或启示。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
67．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Skateboarding, which is rooted in street culture and closely tied to lifestyles and attitudes of young people, is a sport that emphasizes freedom and personal techniques.
The 13-year-old girl, Cui, took up skateboarding in 2020 when the COVID-19 pandemic did not allow her to practice rollerblading, which she began as a 3-year-old. One day, her father, a skateboarding enthusiast, suggested “why not try skateboarding at home instead ” That day she stepped onto the board for the first time, “It felt incredibly smooth. It was love at first sight.” Cui exclaimed. Within a year, she was reaching podiums (领奖台) at professional-level events, In 2022, she ranked third in the women’s street event at the provincial games. She soon joined the provincial skateboarding team and underwent a more comprehensive and structured training program.
In skateboarding, injuries are unavoidable, but when discussing the pain and the setbacks, Cui displayed a level of resilience (适应力) beyond her age. “When I started skateboarding, I thought it was great fun. Later, I realized people sustain a lot of injuries while skateboarding. But that is where the spirit of skateboarding lies.” she said. Most of the time, getting injured is just part of the process, and she simply pushes through it and perseveres, she added.
Earlier this year, Cui secured the 30th spot in the women’s street event at the World Street Skateboarding Championships. Until Wednesday, the title of China’s youngest Asian Games gold medalist belonged to 15-year-old skateboarder Chen Ye, who won the men’s park event on Monday.
The street competition involves skaters performing daring tricks on a tough course that features rails and gaps. September 28, 2023, the big day for Cui came.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph1:
“I particularly wanted to win this one.” Cui said to her father.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph2:
Cui made an impressive landing off the difficult high rail.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．B
【原文】M: Laura, could you give me a lift I have to have this book returned to the library right now.
W: No problem. And if you are busy now, I can do that for you. I know you are preparing for the New Year’s Evening Party.
2．A
【原文】M: What do you like about the area where you live
W: I find walking in the mountains very enjoyable, and another good thing is the friendly neighbors. But I find the noise of cars very unpleasant.
3．B
【原文】W: Excuse me, sir. Is this your wallet You left it by your seat when you had lunch.
M: Oh, thank you so much. I am so forgetful. I dropped it off at the cinema last week. Luckily, I got it back.
4．A
【原文】M: Can you shut that window please It’s cold. And the rain is starting to come on me.
W: Oh, I’m boiling hot. I just got in from a run. Let’s exchange seats.
5．B
【原文】W: Hey, Michael! Fancy meeting you here! Why not sit down and take some tea or something else
M: Oh, hi there, Nancy. I got off work and I just wanted to get a cup of coffee here. And I ran into you by chance.
W: Yeah. What a small world!
6．C 7．A
【原文】W: Hey Jason, did you hear about the new gallery in town
M: No.
W: Works of new artists will be on show. It’ll be a great opportunity to get involved.
M: What do you mean
W: You see, we could submit some of our own art works and see if they get accepted. It’ll be a great chance to get our works seen by a wider audience.
M: Great idea! Have you looked into the submission process yet
W: Yeah, it’s on their website, where we just need to fill out a form and get our works attached.
M: Okay! Let’s do it!
8．C 9．B
【原文】M: It’s crazy to think that some people don’t believe in climate change.
W: I know. There were record high temperatures in California last year. Florida suffered from the heat and was always hit with more heavy hurricanes, while Illinois was experiencing freezing temperatures.
M: I heard someone say the climate can’t be warming, because there are still places with extremely low temperatures. Is that true
W: Perhaps they are confusing weather and climate. Weather is measured over a short period of time, and climate is the measure of longterm temperature patterns. And our climate is experiencing higher and higher averages in temperature every year.
M: Do you think this rise in temperature directly affects forest fires, hurricanes, and snowstorms
W: Scientists believe so. As of now, they can’t say if it actually causes more hurricanes, but they are certain it affects their power.
10．A 11．A 12．B
【原文】W: Dave, I’m going to work in Asia from the New York office.
M: Right. And they’re letting you choose which city, aren’t they
W: Yeah. The only problem is that I don’t know much about Asia. You’ve worked in all our offices in Asia. Can you give me some advice
M: Sure. Well, I think I started out in Bangkok.
W. What was that like
M: Really interesting. There were amazing temples there. It’s not expensive to live there, too.
W: What about Seoul You worked there too, right
M: Uh-huh. Seoul’s a rather big city, but I always felt safe there, even late at night. I often went to this all-night market called Namdaemun.
W: And Singapore
M: Well, Singapore isn’t very big but it’s very convenient to get round And the food there is great.
W: Hmm... It’s not going to be easy to decide. They all sound great.
13．C 14．C 15．B 16．A
【原文】M: Hey, Lisa. I am glad I catch you before you go in. Now we can go in together.
W: Hey, John. I’m surprised to see you here. What made you come tonight I thought you said you were busy when I asked yesterday. Did your plan to go to your grandparents’ house change
M: Well, I did say that originally. However, I want to be honest now and tell you that I lied to you. I really wanted to come tonight, but I was scared. I have never been on a roller coaster before.
W: Don’t apologise for that. I’m sorry that I put you into that position. I wouldn’t have invited you if I had known you were scared. I never meant to make tonight stressful.
M: No, it’s my fault. I really never had the opportunity to fix my problem before, so I didn’t know what to do. But I came tonight to face my fears directly!
W: That is very brave of you. I’m glad to be here with you while you do that. Besides, the town’s holiday celebrations have much smaller rides. It is a good place to start. Let’s buy some tickets and enjoy the celebrations.
M: Thank you for being so understanding. You are a really great friend. Let me buy the tickets for us to thank you.
17．B 18．A 19．C 20．B
【原文】
W: When I was younger I was in an organization called the Guides. Guides are girls who are between 10 and 14 who get together once a week to do things like having competitions and playing games and going camping. I really enjoyed being in the Guides. There’s a similar organization called the Scouts for boys although I think these days girls can be Scouts and maybe boys can be Guides — I’m not sure. Anyway I used to go camping quite a lot with Guides. I remember I went one weekend and it was the same weekend as my birthday and I was going to be 13 that weekend. We had a really good weekend. We cooked different things and we played games. We didn’t really get much sleep as you generally don’t when you’re sleeping in a tent with a lot of people at your age. You tend to stay up all night.
So on my birthday which was on Sunday, everybody sang Happy Birthday to me and they gave me a cake and they wrote a card for me and I had a really nice day. That evening I went home and I was so tired and I started to unpack my things. And then the doorbell rang and my friend arrived and then one by one — it was very strange — all of my friends arrived, and what had happened was my parents had organized a wonderful birthday party for me! I was so excited. We had a great time. We went bowling and it was really a day to remember.
21．B 22．C 23．D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在哥斯达黎加做志愿者的相关信息，包括项目内容、服务保障和项目意义等。
21．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“But interacting with a sloth every day, and watching it make progress as it heals from its injuries, will be a once-in-a-lifetime experience. (但每天与树懒互动，看着它从伤病中康复，这将是一生难得的经历。)”可知，在哥斯达黎加，照顾受伤的动物是志愿者的一个独特经历。故选B。
22．细节理解题。根据文章第六段“Certificate of Completion — warded in recognition of your hard work and dedication throughout the experience, which is a valuable addition to your future résumé. (结业证书——表彰你在整个学习过程中的努力工作和奉献精神，这对你未来的薪资是一个宝贵的补充。)”可知，在哥斯达黎加做志愿者可以获得参与活动的证书。故选C。
23．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第二段中“On this all-inclusive volunteer trip, you get to live and volunteer with a trusted wildlife rehabilitation (康复) organisation in Costa Rica. When you go with Global, you will also get: (在这个全包的志愿者之旅中，你可以在哥斯达黎加的一个值得信赖的野生动物康复组织生活和做志愿者。与环球合作，您还将获得：)”可知，文章主要介绍了在哥斯达黎加做志愿者的相关信息，包括项目内容、服务保障和项目意义等。所以本文的目的是劝说读者行动起来，参加该项目。故选 D。
24．C 25．B 26．D 27．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了变化与稳定性的概念，并强调了适应变化和在变化中找到稳定性的重要性。
24．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“A concept called allostasis can help. Developed in the late 1980s by a neuroscientist, Peter Sterling, and a biologist, Joseph Eyer, allostasis is defined as “stability through change,” elegantly showing the concept’s double meaning: The way to stay stable through the process of change is by changing, at least to some extent.(一种叫做“allostasis”的概念可以提供帮助。20世纪80年代末，神经学家Peter Sterling和生物学家Joseph Eyer将“allostasis”定义为“通过变化保持稳定”，优雅地展示了这个概念的双重含义：在变化过程中保持稳定的方法是改变，至少在某种程度上是这样。)”可知，allostasis指的是通过变化保持稳定。故选C。
25．词句猜测题。根据划线词组上一句“The river of change has been flowing mercilessly(变革的河流一直在无情地流淌)”可知，变化一直都在发生，由此可知，划线词组的意思和“停止、缓慢下来”相似。选项A“Being pumped (兴奋)”；选项B“Slowing down (慢下来)”；选项C“Getting polluted (被污染)”；选项D“Rising up (上升)”。故选B。
26．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Put these qualities together and the result is a great endurance, one that helps you maintain your strong core even in fragile moments. It allows you to step into allostasis’s cycle of order, disorder and reorder—which is, of course, one and the same with stepping into Heraclitus’s river —and to chart it skillfully and whenever possible, to your own benefit.(把这些品质放在一起，结果是一个伟大的耐力，一个帮助你保持强大的核心，即使在脆弱的时刻。它能让你进入异稳态的有序、无序和再有序的循环——当然，这与踏入赫拉克利特的河流是一样的——并在可能的时候，为了你自己的利益，巧妙地绘制它的图表。)”可知，通过实践“allostasis”，我们可以通过拥抱变化并从中找到稳定性，可以获得出色的耐力和技巧性地规划自己的道路。故选D。
27．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Many people have tense relationships with change. They deny it, resist it or attempt to control it- the result of which is almost always some combination of stress, anxiety, and burnout. (很多人对改变的态度都很紧张。他们否认、抵制或试图控制它——其结果几乎总是压力、焦虑和倦怠的结合。)”、第三段“It doesn’t have to be that way.(事情并不一定要这样。)”再结合全文内容可知，文章主要讨论了适应变化和在变化中找到稳定性的重要性，并强调了通过拥抱变化并从中找到稳定性，我们可以获得出色的耐力和技巧性地规划自己的道路。因此，最佳标题是选项B“Stop Resisting Change (停止抗拒变化)”。故选B。
28．A 29．D 30．B 31．A
【导语】本文是说明文。根据一项新的研究，尼安德特人的基因影响着生物钟的增加，使他们成为早起的人。
28．推理判断题。根据第一段“Ever wondered why your partner is up with the lark(百灵鸟)while you are happily sleeping till noon It could be thanks to Neanderthal genes ,according to a new study.（你有没有想过，为什么你的伴侣起得很早，而你却在快乐地睡到中午 根据一项新的研究，这可能要归功于尼安德特人的基因。）”可知，while表示对比，后面说到你睡到中午，你的伴侣不同，所以，作者提到“你的伴侣起得很早”是为了介绍下面的研究背景。故选A。
29．细节理解题。根据第三段“Neanderthals lived at higher latitudes(纬度)than our ancestors who migrated from Africa一further away from the equator,with the days longer in summer and shorter in winter. ‘The gene that makes people early risers likely enables more rapid alignment (协调一致)of the circadian clock(生物钟)with changing seasonal light patterns,’Dr Capra said, ‘when Neanderthals were able to make the most of daylight hours to hunt.’（尼安德特人生活在比我们从非洲迁徙而来的祖先更高的纬度——远离赤道，夏季白昼更长，冬季白昼更短。卡普拉博士说:“使人们早起的基因可能使生物钟与季节光照模式的变化更迅速地保持一致，因为尼安德特人能够充分利用白天的时间打猎。）”可知，尼安德特人早晨起床的根源是高纬度地区的环境。故选D。
30．细节理解题。根据第四段“Scientists have previously explored how the circadian rhythms of insects,plants,and fish have developed depending on latitude.（科学家们此前已经探索了昆虫、植物和鱼类的昼夜节律是如何随着纬度的变化而发展的。）”可知，昆虫的昼夜节律受到纬度的影响。故选B。
31．细节理解题。根据最后一段“To test this,scientists analyse the genetics of several hundred thousand people from the UK Biobank and found many of the variants that affect sleep preference.“Most noticeably, they found that these variants increase morningness,”the researchers said.This is consistent with what has been found in other animals that have adapted to living at a high latitude,as Neanderthals did.（为了验证这一点，科学家们分析了英国生物银行几十万人的基因，发现了许多影响睡眠偏好的变异。研究人员说:“最值得注意的是，他们发现这些变异增加了早起的习惯。”这与其他适应高纬度生活的动物的发现是一致的，比如尼安德特人。）”可知，研究人员通过分析受试者的统计数据证明他们的分段。故选A。
32．D 33．A 34．D 35．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项给老鼠戴上护目镜，来研究大脑活动的研究，解释了研究开展的过程以及发现。
32．细节理解题。根据第三段“This not only allows mice to see the virtual environment in 3D and gets rid of visual clues of the lab, but offers a way to present virtual images from above —for example, of a hovering hawk. This stimulation causes mice to freeze or flee the same as they react in real environment to survive a hungry bird attack in the wild.(这不仅可以让老鼠看到3D的虚拟环境，摆脱实验室的视觉线索，而且还提供了一种从上面呈现虚拟图像的方法——例如，一只盘旋的鹰。这种刺激会使老鼠呆住或逃跑，就像它们在野外遇到饥饿的鸟袭击时的反应一样)”可知，戴着“护目镜”的老鼠将从上面探测到虚拟的危险。故选D。
33．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“on stands either side of a mouse’s head, the recently updated version of “goggles” provides each eye of mice with a 180-degreefield of view”可知，老鼠头部两侧的支架上安装有一对透镜和屏幕，最近更新的“护目镜”为老鼠的每只眼睛提供了180度的视野。故划线词意思是“安装”，故选A。
34．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Answering these questions will help us understand how our brains know where we are in the world around us, how we form memories of those experiences, and ultimately how those memories are degraded in neurodegenerative diseases. (回答这些问题将帮助我们了解大脑如何知道我们在周围世界中的位置，我们如何形成这些经历的记忆，以及最终这些记忆如何在神经退行性疾病中退化)”可知，通过这项研究，研究最终想要探索神经元疾病中记忆是如何退化的。故选D。
35．主旨大意题。根据第三段““It was as if they were thinking about where they would rather be —a safe, covered location up ahead.” Dombeck said, adding such results might help explain how imagination arises in the brain.(“就好像他们在考虑他们更愿意呆在哪里——一个安全的、有掩护的地方。”他补充说，这些结果可能有助于解释想象力是如何在大脑中产生的)”结合文章主要介绍了一项给老鼠戴上护目镜，来研究大脑活动的研究，解释了研究开展的过程以及发现。可知，B选项“给老鼠戴上护目镜有利于大脑研究”最符合文章标题。故选B。
36．E 37．C 38．G 39．A 40．B
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道中国科学院新当选院士以及他们的科研精神和对于科研事业的承诺。
36．上文“New academicians take a group photo after the certificate awarding ceremony at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. (新晋院士在中国科学院颁证仪式后合影留念。)”描述新晋院士参加颁证仪式的场景，结合常识可知，E项“The 59 newly elected academicians vowed at the ceremony on Friday. (59位新当选的院士在周五的典礼上宣誓就职。)”与上文内容相符，说明颁证仪式的时间和相关宣誓程序，下文“They aimed to make greater contributions to the development of the nation’s scientific research by encouraging the young generation and promoting the role of female scientists. (他们旨在是通过鼓励年轻一代和提高女科学家的作用，为国家的科学研究的发展做出更大的贡献。)”说明宣誓相关内容，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。
37．根据下文“By allowing outstanding young people to have sufficient opportunities, we can foster a diverse scientific community with vigorous debates (让优秀的年轻人有足够的机会，我们可以培育一个多元化的科学界，并进行激烈的辩论)”可知，黄院士强调要给年轻人机会，C项“As academicians, we need to share more opportunities with the younger generation. (作为院士，我们需要与年轻一代分享更多的机会。)”与黄院士观点一致，句中“As academicians, we...”是黄院士的自称。故选C项。
38．上文“persistence is the most valuable spirit on the path of scientific research. (坚持是科学研究道路上最宝贵的精神。)”和下文“This determination and perseverance are essential in scientific research. (这种决心和毅力在科学研究中是必不可少的。)”强调“坚持”、“决心”和“毅力”，G项“To achieve success in the field of science, the most important thing is to persist with original intention. (要在科学领域取得成功，最重要的是坚持初心。)”中表达同样的主旨，句中“persist with original intention”与上下文内容相照应。故选G项。
39．上文“Academician Jin Kuijuan mentioned that women have unique perspectives, and respecting the role of women is of crucial significance. (金奎娟院士提到，女性有独特的视角，尊重女性的作用至关重要。)”提出女性科学家的重要性，A项“They are more resilient (有适应力的), which contributes to the development of science. (他们适应力更强，这有助于科学的发展。)”承接上文，说明女性科学家的优势，句中指示代词“They”指代上文中“women”。故选A项。
40．下文“For example, she said funding institutions such as the National Natural Science Foundation and the Excellent Young Scholars Fund have relaxed their age restrictions, taking into consideration the time and energy women need for childbirth and childcare. (例如，她说，国家自然科学基金和优秀青年学者基金等资助机构已经放宽了年龄限制，考虑到女性生育和照顾孩子所需的时间和精力。)”提出相关机构在政策上对女性科学家的支持，是对B项“In recent years, Jin has noticed the increasing support for female scientists in China. (近年来，金注意到中国对女科学家的支持越来越多。)”的举例说明，上下文语意连贯。故选B项。
41．C 42．B 43．A 44．D 45．C 46．B 47．A 48．D 49．A 50．D 51．C 52．B 53．A 54．C 55．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者回到多年未到访的伊顿学校，偶然经过图书馆进入画廊时，看到了他的校友迪格比·多尔本的肖像挂在门外，和同时代最杰出的人在一起，这让作者感到困惑。
41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天，当我从研究员图书馆走进画廊时，我看到了我的同学迪格比·多尔本的肖像，就挂在门外，和我们同时代最杰出的人在一起。A. statue雕像；B. character角色；C. portrait肖像；D. theme主题。根据下文“hanging”和“This portrait-gallery of old Etonians is very 7 : outstanding distinction of birth or excellent qualities may win you a place there.”可知，作者看到的是同学的肖像挂在画廊墙上。故选C项。
42．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有一天，当我从研究员图书馆走进画廊时，我看到了我的同学迪格比·多尔本的肖像，就挂在门外，和我们同时代最杰出的人在一起。A. valuable有价值的；B. distinguished杰出的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. gracious优雅的。结合常识和下文“This portrait-gallery of old Etonians is very 7 : outstanding distinction of birth or excellent qualities may win you a place there.”可知，伊顿学校肖像画廊挂的都是杰出的人士的肖像。故选B项。
43．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我完全被吸引住了，我站在那里凝视着它，我的同伴问我是否知道这是谁。A. wholly完全地；B. partly部分地；C. curiously好奇地；D. secretly秘密地。根据下文“I stood gazing on it”可知，作者完全被其吸引并驻足凝视。故选A项。
44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我完全被吸引住了，我站在那里凝视着它，我的同伴问我是否知道这是谁。A. peers同龄人；B. chairman主席；C. leader领导者；D. companion同伴。根据下文“asked me if I knew who it was”可知，是同行的其他同伴问作者。故选D项。
45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：童年时代的遥远记忆鲜活地涌上我的心头，他又站在我身边，热切地承诺着他的青春。A. judgment判断；B. thought思想；C. memories回忆，记忆；D. behaviour行为。根据下文“my boyhood were crowding 6 upon me: he was standing again beside me in the eager promise of his youth.”可知，作者回想起往事，记忆涌上心头。故选C项。
46．考查副词词义辨析。句意：童年时代的遥远记忆鲜活地涌上我的心头，他又站在我身边，热切地承诺着他的青春。A. hurriedly匆忙地；B. freshly新鲜地；C. anxiously焦虑地；D. eagerly渴望地。根据下文“he was standing again beside me in the eager promise of his youth”可知，作者对当年的格比·多尔本记忆犹新。故选B项。
47．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个伊顿公学老校友的肖像画廊是非常挑剔的：杰出的出身或优秀的品质可能为你赢得一席之地。A. selective严格筛选的；B. splendid壮丽的；C. handsome英俊的；D. challenging具有挑战性的。根据下文“outstanding distinction of birth or excellent qualities may win you a place there”可知，只有具有杰出的出身或优秀的品质的人的肖像才能进入肖像画廊，所以肖像画廊是严格筛选的，非常挑剔。故选A项。
48．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，多尔本怎么会出现在这里呢 A. Yet然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Thus因此；D. However然而。根据下文“how came Dolben there ”可知，作者对多尔本的肖像挂在这里有疑问，上下文有转折关系。故选D项。
49．考查连词词义辨析。句意：那是因为他是个诗人；然而他的诗却不为人所知。A. because因为；B. why为什么；C. that那个；D. what什么。上文“how came Dolben there ”提出疑问，“he was a poet”下文解释原因，用because引导表语从句，表示原因。故选A项。
50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们被他的家人和几个朋友小心地守护着。A. observed观察；B. captured捕捉；C. illustrated说明；D. guarded守护。根据上文“and yet his poems were not known”可知，知道多尔本的诗的人并不多，所以只有他的家人和几个为数不多的朋友守护着他的诗歌。故选D项。
51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，即使他的诗能够进入那些批准这个纪念的权威人士的眼睛，这也不能成为正当理由。A. operate操作；B. promote促进；C. justify是……的正当理由；D. permit允许。根据上文“and yet his poems were not known. They were carefully 10 by his family and a few friends.”可知，多尔本的诗受众很少，不能成为他的肖像被挂在肖像画廊的正当理由。故选C项。
52．考查名词词义辨析。句意：还有一个原因——这幅画像有自己的证明。A. appreciation欣赏；B. reason原因；C. cause起因，理由；D. effect效果。根据下文“the portrait bears its own certification”可知，这是另一个原因。故选B项。
53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然你可能不理解其中的诗人，但你可以看到沉浸在深刻思考中的灵魂，纯洁生活的习惯，奉献精神，对崇高理想的热情。A. devotion奉献；B. ambition抱负；C. imagination想象力；D. symbol象征。根据句中“the soul immersed in deep thought”和“enthusiasm for high ideals”可推知，多尔本追求崇高理想，有奉献精神。故选A项。
54．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这样一个人在他的同伴中一定很突出。A. brought about导致；B. stood for代表；C. stood out突出；D. brought in引进。根据上文“you can see the soul immersed in deep thought, the habit of stainless ( 无瑕的 ) life, of 13 , of enthusiasm for high ideals.”可推知，多尔本是一个在人群中突颖而出的人。故选C项。
55．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的英年早逝使对他怀念价值更高，充满爱心的悲痛慷慨地给予他从未享有过的荣耀。A. interpret解释；B. grant授予，给予；C. appoint任命；D. identify识别。根据“the glory”可知，给予荣耀。故选B项。
56．literally 57．bears 58．an 59．took 60．who/that 61．featuring 62．more 63．appreciation 64．by 65．and
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者去桂林的龙脊梯田徒步旅行的经历和感悟。
56．考查副词。句意：这个名字的字面意思是“龙的脊梁”，因为梯田看起来就像龙的鳞片，而山顶与脊梁相似。空处应用副词修饰means。literally意为“按字面，字面上”。故填literally。
57．考查时态和主谓一致。句意参考上题。根据句意和句中的means可知，这里陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。主语为the mountain’s summit，所以谓语应用单数。故填bears。
58．考查冠词。句意：这些梯田被称为“龙的脊梁”，以复杂的图案在青山上伸延，看起来像水波，是一处令人难以置信的景色。sight意为“景象”，为可数名词，这里表示泛指，且空后的incredible发音以元音音素开头，所以应用不定冠词an。故填an。
59．考查时态。句意：徒步旅行带我穿过了与美丽的风景相对立的小村庄。空处作句子的谓语，take和主语The hike之间是主动关系，应用主动语态，再结合第二段中的“During my visit to Guilin”可知，这里是作者去桂林游览时发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填took。
60．考查定语从句。句意：沿着小路，我经过橘子林，遇到了友好的当地人，他们给了我新鲜的荔枝。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词friendly locals，指人，且在从句中作主语，所以应用who或that引导。故填who/that。
61．考查非谓语动词。句意：在以糯米等当地特色菜为特色的多道菜中，我了解了更多关于梯田和乡村生活的信息。分析句子，空处应用非谓语动词。逻辑主语multi-course meals和feature之间是主谓关系，所以应用现在分词作定语。故填featuring。
62．考查比较级。句意参考上题。根据句意和“Over multi-course meals
　　6　　(feature) local specialties like sticky rice”可知，作者在品尝当地特色菜的过程中对梯田和乡村生活有了更多的了解，所以这里应用much的比较级more。故填more。
63．考查名词。句意：整整三天后，徒步旅行结束了，我对这些由几代家庭精心打造成景观的古老农业奇迹感到深深的理解。空处应用名词作宾语。appreciation意为“理解”，由空格前的a可知，应该用单数形式。故填appreciation。
64．考查介词。句意参考上题。分析句子结构，“carefully built into the landscape　　9　　generations of families”是过去分词短语作these ancient agricultural wonders的后置定语，built和these ancient agricultural wonders之间是动宾关系，而built的动作发出者是generations of families，所以应用介词by，表示“由几代家庭精心打造成景观的古老农业奇迹”。故填by。
65．考查连词。句意：龙脊梯田为我提供了难忘的山景和对中国乡村的文化见解。根据句意并分析句子结构，unforgettable mountain views和cultural insights into rural China之间是并列关系，作with的宾语，所以应用and连接。故填and。
66．
The Legacy of the Great Wall
The Great Wall, a marvel of human ingenuity and determination, stretches across northern China, weaving through mountains and deserts. This ancient fortification, dating back to the 7th century BC, was initially built to protect against invaders. Over centuries, it grew to become a symbol of Chinese unity and a testament to the resilience of its people. The Great Wall teaches us that unity, hard work, and perseverance are keys to overcoming challenges and defending what we hold dear. Its legacy continues to inspire generations, reminding us of our shared humanity and the power of unity in the face of adversity.
[参考范文2]
The Enchanting Terracotta Warriors
Located in Xi’an, China, the Terracotta Warriors are a marvel of ancient craftsmanship.
Dating back over 2, 000 years, these life-sized statues were created to guard the tomb of Emperor Qin Shi Huang. Each warrior has a unique facial expression and pose, showcasing the skill and dedication of the ancient artisans. Not only are they a testament to ancient military might, but they also offer a window into China’s rich cultural and historical heritage. The Terracotta Warriors remind us of the legacy of Emperor Qin Shi Huang and his vision for a unified and prosperous nation. They stand as a symbol of resilience, unity, and the enduring spirit of the Chinese people.
[考范文3]
The Legacy of the Forbidden City
The Forbidden City, located in Beijing, is a magnificent complex of palaces and temples that once served as the royal court of China’s Emperors.
This walled city within a city is a masterpiece of ancient architecture, with intricate carvings and vibrant paintings adorning its walls. For over five centuries, it was the center of political power in China, housing over 24 Emperors who ruled the vast Ming and Qing empires. The Forbidden City is not only a symbol of China’s rich cultural heritage but also a testament to the resilience and unity of the Chinese people. It teaches us about the importance of tradition and respect for history, reminding us that we are the guardians of our cultural legacy.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。学校正在举办“讲好中国故事”英语征文活动，要求考生以一个名胜古迹为主题，写一篇短文投稿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
奇迹：marvel→ miracle
智慧：ingenuity→ wisdom
决心：determination→ resolution
最初：initially→ originally
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：The Great Wall, a marvel of human ingenuity and determination, stretches across northern China, weaving through mountains and deserts.
拓展句：The Great Wall, a marvel of human ingenuity and determination, stretches across northern China, which weaves through mountains and deserts.
【点睛】【高分句型1】The Great Wall, a marvel of human ingenuity and determination, stretches across northern China, weaving through mountains and deserts.（运用了现在分词weaving作状语）
【高分句型2】The Great Wall teaches us that unity, hard work, and perseverance are keys to overcoming challenges and defending what we hold dear.（运用了that和what引导的宾语从句）
67． “I particularly wanted to win this one,” Cui said to her father. Her determination was palpable as she prepared for the highly anticipated competition. The World Street Skateboarding Championships had always been her dream. She wanted to show off her skills and prove she was one of the best. Every trick she did, she put her whole heart into it, pushing herself to do better. She stayed focused and determined, even with all the pressure.
Cui made an impressive landing off the difficult high rail. The crowd erupted into cheers as she flawlessly executed the trick, showcasing her mastery of the sport. With each trick, she felt more confident and pumped up. She knew this was her chance to shine. She pushed herself to do her best, flying through the air and doing crazy moves. And when it was all over, Cui won! She was so happy, knowing that she had worked hard and never gave up. She made her dreams come true with lots of effort and never giving up.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了13岁的女孩崔于2020年开始滑板运动，取代了她因疫情无法进行的轮滑运动。她对滑板的热爱和执着使她迅速跻身专业比赛的领奖台，并加入了省级滑板队接受更系统的训练。即使受伤，她也展现出了超过年龄的韧性，坚持不懈地追求她的梦想。2023年9月28日，这对她来说是一个重要的日子。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“‘我特别想赢得这场比赛。’崔对她的父亲说。”可知，第一段可描写崔想赢得这场比赛的原因和她为之付出的努力。
②由第二段首句内容“崔完成了一次令人印象深刻的高轨着陆。”可知，第二段可描写崔完美表现并赢得比赛。
2.续写线索：表明决心——说明原因——完美表现——赢得比赛
3.词汇激活
行为类
①展示：show off/display
②证明：prove/testify
③突然爆发：erupt into/burst into
情绪类
①专注的：focused/single-minded
②高兴的：happy/pleased/delighted
【点睛】[高分句型1] Her determination was palpable as she prepared for the highly anticipated competition.(运用了as引导时间状语从句)
[高分句型2] She wanted to show off her skills and prove she was one of the best.(运用了省略连词that的宾语从句)
[高分句型3] She pushed herself to do her best, flying through the air and doing crazy moves.(运用了现在分词作伴随状语)

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