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Lesson 21 Which book 哪一本书？

[词汇]（3）
★give [g v] v. 给
eg. Here you are. 给你。
giving n. 付出, 礼物, 给予物
Thanks giving Day感恩节
北美洲独有的节日，始于1621年。1863年，美国总统林肯将它定为国家
假日，并且规定每年11月的第四个星期四为美国的感恩节。17世纪初，英国的清教徒遭到迫害。1620年9月，102名清教徒登上“五月花”号帆船，于12月26日到达了美国的普利茅斯港，准备开始新的生活。然而，这些移民根本不适应当地环境，第一年冬天过后，只有50人幸存。第二年春天，当地印第安人送给他们很多必需品，并教会他们如何在这块土地上耕作。这一年秋天，移民们获得了大丰收，11月底，移民们请来印第安人共享玉米、南瓜、火鸡等制作成的佳肴，感谢他们的帮助，感谢上帝赐予了一个大丰收。
give的词组：
give sb. a call = call sb. 给…打电话
eg. He’ll give me a call.
他会打电话给我。
give sb. a hand = help sb. 帮助某人
eg. Could you give me a hand
你能帮我一下吗？
give sb. a big hand 给…鼓掌
eg. Let’s give Mr. Trump a big hand.
让我们给特朗普先生热烈鼓掌。
give up 放弃
eg. My father will give up smoking.
我爸爸将会戒烟。
Don’t give up, try it again.
别放弃，再试一次。
Give me a five. （非正式）打招呼或庆贺时与人击掌
Give him my regards. 代我问候他。(L:91 Poor Ian!)
= Give my regards to him.
7．give sb. a lesson = teach sb. a lesson 教训某人
8. give sb. a lift 搭便车
9. give birth to a child 生孩子
★one [w n] pron. 一个
（ one不是数词，而是不定代词，为了避免重复，代替上文提到过的单数名词。复数形式为ones）
someone 有人，某人
anyone 任何人
no one 没人
★which [w t ] adj.哪一个(东西、人)
pron.哪个
(which是特殊疑问词，引导特殊疑问句，which的后面可以加单数名词，也可以加复数名词。)
which + n. 可询问物体（单复数）或物质。
5W1H——when where who what which how
[语法]
动词的双宾语：
buy me a book=buy a book for me
Give me a book.=Give a book to me.
双宾语中通常物是直接宾语，人是间接宾语
[课文]
MAN: Give me a book please, Jane.
请拿本书给我，简。
此句为祈使句，主语为you省略，后加please，表示客气的请求。
give后有两个宾语，称之为双宾语：直接宾语和间接宾语。物是直接宾语，人是间接宾语。例如句子中me是动作的间接影响人，所以是间接宾语，而物book是动作的直接影响对象，所以是直接宾语。
give sb. sth. 给某人某物
= give sth. to sb. 把某物给某人
eg. Give Mr. Baker that tie. 把那条领带给贝克先生。
= Give that tie to Mr. Baker.
eg. Give me those coats. 把那些外套给我。
= Give me those coats.
（give后面的人如果是代词的时候，要用宾格。例句Give me those coats中“me”是宾格作give的宾语。）
eg. Give it to me. 把它给我。
= Give me it.
WOMAN: Which book This one
哪一本？是这本吗？
Which book 是缩略句，完整句应为Which book do you like/want
句子中的this one这个缩略问句，是口语中常见的缩略句，目的是减少语言中不必要的重复。此处的one不是数词，而是代词，代词的单数形式，指代上文所提到的人或物，避免同一个名词反复使用。代词的复数形式是ones。
MAN: No, not that one.
不，不是那本。
此句为缩略句，完整句应为No, I don’t want that one.
The red one.
是那本红的。
WOMAN: This one
是这本吗？
MAN: Yes, please.
是的，请给我。
口语中，如果接受别人的帮助或服务，或者同意别人的要求通常说：
Yes, please.(好的，请。)
如果拒绝别人的帮助、服务或要求则说：No, thanks.(不了，谢谢。)
WOMAN: Here you are.
给你。
MAN: Thank you.
谢谢！
语法：区分it, one, that
任何人 任何人/物
anyone 和 any one
eg. Does anyone want a drink 有没有人想喝一杯？
Choose any one you like. 挑一个你喜欢的。
一、it/one/that三者均可用作代词，指代前面提到的名词。一般说来，it指代同名同物；one与that则指代同名异物。
eg. I have lost my umbrell, I am looking for it.
(该句中it就是指前面的my umbrella)
eg. I have lost my umbrella, I think I must buy one.
(one在该句中表泛指，因为my umbrella已经丢了。)
eg. The umbrella you bought is cheaper than that I bought.
（替代词that在该句中特指“the umbrella I bought”，以区别“the umbrella you bought”）
二、one与that虽可用来指代同名异物，但one为泛指，相当于a/an+名词；that为特指，相当于the+名词。所以one所指代的名词的修饰语一般为a/an/some/any；that所指代的名词的修饰语往往是the/this/that。
eg. A chair made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.
(该句中one可以换成a chair)
eg. The water in the cup is hotter than that in the pot.
(该句中that可以换成the water)
one只能代替可数名词单数，代替可数名词复数时用ones; that既可以代替不可数名词也可以代替可数名词单数，代替可数名词复数时用those。
eg. I like this pen more than that one.
(one代替可数名词单数pen)
eg. There were a few young people and some older ones in the house.
(ones代替可数名词复数people)
eg. Mary’s handwriting is far better than that of Peter.
(that代替不可数名词handwriting)
eg. These pictures are more beautiful than those.
(those代替可数名词复数pictures)
one既可代替事物，也可代替人，that只能代替事物而不能代替人。有时可以用the one 或the ones代替that或those.
eg. The one/ That on the table is mine.
(该句中The one代替事物，并且也可以用That)
eg. He is the teacher, the one who is loved by the students.
(该句中the one代替人，不能用that)
eg. He advised the farmers to choose the best seed-heads, the
ones/those that had the best color.
(该句中the ones代替事物，并且也可以用those)
Lesson 22 Give me/him/her/us/them a …
Which one
请给我/他/她/我们/他们一…
哪一…
[词汇]（14）
★empty [ empti]
adj. 空的
eg. The room is empty. 这间房是空的。
The box is empty. 这个盒子是空的。
an empty room 一个空房间
empty pocket 穷光蛋
Don’t drink milk on an empty stomach. （L:62 stomach ache胃痛）
不要空腹喝牛奶。
I feel empty. 我感到空虚。/我饿了。
（2）v. 倒空，清空
eg. Empty the box, please. 请清空这个盒子。
★full [f l] adj. 满的
eg. The box is full. 盒子是满的。
be full of 充满
eg. The room is full of people. 屋子里全是人。
The family is full of love. 家里充满了爱。
I am full. 我饱了。
★large [lɑ:d ] adj. 大的
（large主要指体积、面积、形状、数量等大，修饰人的时候指个子大，large的反义词是small）
eg. China is a large country. 中国是一个大国。
Look at that large woman. 看那个大个子女人。
★big [b g] adj. 大的
(除了具有large的意思，big在修饰人的时候，主要指大人物，但个子未必高。small指体积面积等的小，是large的反义词，不带感彩。)
eg. She is a big film star. 她是一个著名的电影明星。
★small [sm :l] adj. 小的
(small指物理量值的小或少，是large的反义词，不带什么感彩。)
eg. It is a small factory. 这是一家小工厂。
The room is very small. 这房间很小。
★little [ l tl] adj. 小的，少的
（little更多用于修饰有感彩的东西，有“可爱的”意思。是big的反义词。）
eg. There is a little garden behind our house.
我们房子后面有个小花园。（虽小，但很可爱。）
She has a little son.
他有个小儿子。（表示小而可爱。）
There is a little water in the cup.
杯子里有一点儿水。
★sharp [ ɑ:p] adj. 尖的, 锋利的
eg. The knife is sharp. 这把小刀很锋利。
The pencil is sharp. 这支铅笔很尖。
The policewoman is very sharp. 这个女警察特厉害。（敏锐的）
sharpen v. 削尖，使锐利
★blunt [bl nt] adj. 钝的, 生硬的, 直率的
eg. The scissors is blunt. 这剪刀钝了。
He is a blunt man. 他是个直率的人。
He is a dull man. 他是个迟钝的人。
★box (boxes) [b ks] n. 盒子，箱子
v. 打拳击
eg. box lunch 盒饭
box office 售票处，票房，票房收入
boxing n. 拳击（运动）
boxer n. 拳击手
box v. 拳击
eg. Her father boxed her ears because she made a mistake.
因为她犯错了，所以他父亲打了她耳光。
★glass (glasses) [glɑ:s] n. 杯子
（当glass作玻璃讲的时候，是不可数名词，因为原料在英语中通常是不可数的。glass的复数形式，还可以作“眼镜”之意，因为眼镜都是由两个镜片组成的。)
eg. glass case 玻璃橱
He has had a glass too much. 他多喝了一杯（杯中物）。
Sometimes I’d like to enjoy a glass. 我喜欢不时喝点酒。
★cup (cups) [k p] n. 茶杯（通常是带把的那种）
eg. World Cup 世界杯（各种奖杯都是cup）
a cup of tea 一杯茶
my cup of tea 喜好，钟爱的事物（我的菜）
He is not my cup of tea. 他不是我的那杯茶。
（言外之意，他不是我喜欢的人。）
★bottle (bottles) [ b tl] n. 瓶子
eg. a bottle of water 一瓶水
bottled water 瓶装水 （bottled adj. 瓶装的）
★tin (tins) [t n] n. 罐头 [化]锡
can n. 罐头
popcan 易拉罐
（pop n.流行乐/ v. 弹出、发出砰的声音）
popcorn 爆米花
★knife (knives) [na f] n. 刀, 餐刀
★fork (forks) [f :k] n. 叉子，叉路
eg. Tom forked some meat into her mouth.
汤姆用叉子叉了点儿肉放进嘴里。
We arrived at a fork in the road.
我们到达了一个岔路口。
★spoon (spoons) [spu:n] n. 勺子 v. 舀取
eg. She stirred her coffee with a spoon.
她用调羹搅拌咖啡。
Please spoon the sauce over the meat.
请用调羹舀一勺调味汁浇在肉上。
Lesson 22课后练习答案
A
1． Is this Nicola's coat No, it's not. Her coat is grey.
2． Are these your pens No, they're not. My pens are blue.
3． Is this Mr. Jackson's hat No, it's not. His hat is black.
4． Are these the children's books No, they're not. Their books are red.
5． Is this Helen's dog No, it's not. Her dog is brown and white.
6． Is this your father's tie No, it's not. His tie is orange.
B
1． Give me a cup please. Which one This dirty one No, not this dirty one. That clean one. Here you are. Thank you.
2． Give me a glass please. Which one This empty one No, not this empty one. That full one. Here you are. Thank you.
3． Give me a bottle please. Which one This large one No, not this large one. That small one. Here you are. Thank you.
4． Give me a box please. Which one This big one No, not this big one. That little one. Here you are. Thank you.
5． Give me a tin please. Which one This new one No, not this new one. That old one. Here you are. Thank you.
6． Give me a knife please. Which one This sharp one No, not this sharp one. That blunt one. Here you are. Thank you.
7． Give me a spoon please. Which one This new one No, not this new one. That old one. Here you are. Thank you.
8． Give me a fork please. Which one This large one No, not this large one. That small one. Here you are. Thank you.

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