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Lesson 41 Penny's bag 彭妮的包

[词汇]（8）
cheese n. 乳酪，干酪
bread n. 面包
soap n. 肥皂
chocolate n. 巧克力
sugar n. 糖
coffee n. 咖啡
tea n. 茶
tobacco n. 烟草，烟丝
★cheese [t i:z] n. 乳酪，干酪[u]
eg. a piece of cheese 一块乳酪
two pieces of cheese 两块乳酪
★bread [bred] n. 面包[u]
eg. a loaf of bread 一条（块）面包
a piece of bread 一片面包
bread and butter 涂上黄油的面包（俚语：指生计）
I have got a new job. It’s my bread and butter from now.
我已经找到新工作了。从现在起它就是我的饭碗了。
★soap [s p] n. 肥皂[u]
eg. a bar of soap 一块肥皂
five bars of soap 五块肥皂
soap play 肥皂剧
音近词：soup [su:p] n. 汤[u]
★chocolate [ t kl t] n. 巧克力[u]
adj.巧克力色
eg. white chocolate 白巧克力
black chocolate 黑巧克力
nut chocolate 杏仁巧克力（nut[n t]坚果）
whisky heart chocolate 酒心巧克力
chocolate cake 巧克力蛋糕
hot chocolate 热巧克力
★sugar [ g (r)] n. 糖[u]
eg. a spoon of sugar 一勺糖
sweet n. 糖果(美语) adj.甜
candy n. 糖果(英语)
eg. cube sugar 方糖（cube [kju:b] n.立方体）
brown sugar 红糖
rock candy = sugar candy 冰糖
(rock 岩石 二册L:33 Out of the darkness冲出黑暗)
white soft sugar 绵白糖
★coffee [ k fi] n. 咖啡[u]，咖啡色
eg. black coffee = coffee without milk
清咖（不加牛奶的咖啡）
white coffee 加牛奶的咖啡
★tea [ti:] n. 茶[u]
eg. green tea 绿茶
black tea 红茶
white tea 白茶
milk tea 奶茶
a cup of tea 一杯茶
my cup of tea 我的那杯茶（比喻自己喜欢的人或物）
It’s another cup of tea. 那是另一回事。（英语谚语）
strong tea 浓茶
weak tea 淡茶
tea room 茶室
tea time 茶点时间
tea person 喜欢茶的人（口语化）
(coffee person 喜欢咖啡的人)
Are you a tea person or a coffee person
你平时喜欢喝茶还是咖啡？
Let’s talk over a cup of tea. 让我们边喝茶边聊。
（Let’s talk over dinner. 让我们边吃边聊。）
★tobacco [t b k ] n. 烟草，烟丝[u]
cigarette [ s g ret] n. 香烟[c]
（一册L:143 A walk through the woods 林中散步）
cigar [s gɑ:(r)] n. 雪茄
[课文]
SAN: Is that bag heavy, Penny
heavy [ hevi] adj. 重的
eg. heavy rain 暴雨
heavy fog 浓雾
heavy snow 大雪
heavy traffic 繁忙的交通
PENNY: Not very.
not very是“it is not very heavy”的省略形式。
在口语中回答问题时，常把主语、动词还有宾语都省略，只剩下一个副词或副词词组或是一个动词不定式短语等。
eg. Is that milk for me No, certainly not.
SAN: Here!
Put it on this chair. What's in it
it指的是bag。在没有扶手的椅子上用介词 on, 而在沙发或者是有扶手的椅子上则用in。
eg. sit on the chair 坐在椅子上
sit in the sofa 坐在沙发上
sit in the armchair 坐在扶手椅上
What’s in it 里面是什么东西？(在不知道里面有什么东西的情况下一般用系动词的单数形式is，而不用are，who的用法也一样。)
eg. Who’s in the room My parents.
PENNY: A piece of cheese. A loaf of bread.
piece：
1、n. 张/块/片/条（薄片、切片等较薄的）
eg. a piece of meat 一块肉
a piece of bread 一片面包
a piece of pizza 一块匹萨
a piece of cake 一块蛋糕（俚语：指举手之劳）
a piece of paper 一张纸
a piece of chalk 一支粉笔
a piece of coin 一枚硬币
a piece of string 一截绳子
a piece of wood 一段木头
a piece of furniture 一件家具
a piece of news 一条新闻
a piece of luck 一点运气
a piece of music 一支乐曲
a piece of work 一件作品
（He is a piece of work. 他是个难搞的家伙。）
fifty pence pieces 50便士硬币
（三册L:15 Fifty pence worth of trouble 五十便士的麻烦）
硬币penny(原形),复数形式：pence和pennies
1枚50便士的硬币：fifty pence (pence是总金额)
50个1便士的硬币：fifty pennies (pennies是枚数)
2、n. 碎片(L:143 A walk through the woods 林中散步)
eg. cut sth. into pieces 把…切碎、剪碎
tear sth.into pieces 把…撕碎
break sth. into pieces 把…打碎
smash sth. into pieces 把…摔碎
fall to pieces = go to pieces 碎成碎片，散掉
（二册L: 77 A successful operation 一例成功的手术）
take sth. to pieces 把…拆开
（二册L：93 A noble gift 崇高的礼物）
3、v. 拼成整体 (三册L:32 A Lost Ship 沉船之谜)
= put parts together to form a whole
eg. piece a quilt/the dress 缝补被子/裙子
loaf：条/块，棱角不分明的长方体，多用来修饰面包
A bar of soap. A bar of Chocolate.
bar[bɑ:(r)]：条/块：棱角分明的长方体
1、n. 条；块
eg. He has just had a chocolate bar. 他刚吃了一块巧克力。
2、n. （门、窗的）闩；杆
eg. He is now behind bars. 他现在被关在监狱里。
（bar指窗上装有铁栅栏，behind bars是一种非正式固定用语，意为in prison，关在监狱里）
3、n. 酒吧（间）
eg. The bar is very crowded. 酒吧里人很拥挤。
A bottle of milk. A pound of sugar.
pound [pa nd] （1磅 = 0.9071847斤）
1、n. 磅
eg. It weighs 15 pounds. 它重15磅。
2、n. 英磅
eg. Half a pound of coffee costs one pound.
半磅咖啡的价格是一英镑。
Half a pound of coffee.
half [hɑ:f] n. 一半，30分钟
eg.
half a year 半年
half an hour 半小时
= a half hour
an hour and a half 一个半小时
= one and a half hours
half past four 4:30
= four thirty
half of 半数
Only half of us will come tomorrow.
明天我们只有半数人会来。
I got the book for half price. 这本书是我半价买的。
cut sth. in half 切成两半
The newspaper cut its size in half.
报纸把尺寸缩小了一半。
one half…the other half 这半边…那半边
（二册L:91 Three men in a basket 三人同篮）
the first half 上半场
the second half 下半场
（足球比赛等）
A quarter of pound of tea. And a tin of tobacco.
听（锡制罐头）
quarter [ kw :t (r)] n. 四分之一，一刻钟，一季
eg. a quarter past five 5:15
= fifteen past five
a quarter to five 4:45
= fifteen to five
three quarters 三刻钟
SAN: Is that tin of tobacco for me
PENNY: Well, it's certainly not for me!
（感叹词） （可形成缩略语）
certainly = of course = definitely 当然
eg. It’s of course not for me.
eg. Would you mind if I open the windows
= Would you mind my opening the windows
回答Certainly not!
I can’t tell you definitely when I will come.
我无法肯定地告诉你我何时来。
I’ll definitely be at home before six.
6点之前我肯定在家。
Can you go alone 你能一个人走吗？
- Definitely. 当然可以。
[语法]
不可数名词：
概念：表示的事物不能用数来计算。
特点：没有词性变化，需要计量时，要加表示量的单位词。
即：单位 + of + 物质名词的形式
(表示无法分为个体的事物，物质名词是不可数名词。)
用法：
因为不可数名词是表示不能一个一个去数的名词，所以它的前面不可以加上表示“一”或“一个”的不定冠词a (an)或数词。比如：不能说a meat, two tea。
不可数名词可以被some, any（一些）修饰。
eg. some milk, some sugar, some coffee, some chocolate…
不可数名词永远被用作单数，即使不可数名词和some,any构成了词组也被视作单数。
eg. There is some milk in the glass. 杯里有一些牛奶。
Some food is on the table. 桌子上的是食物。
实际生活中，不可数名词经常需要量化。
eg. a glass of milk 一杯牛奶
a piece of chalk 一支粉笔
量化之后的不可数名词词组的单复数是由量词来决定的。
eg. There is a bar of chocolate on the plate.
盘子里有一块巧克力。
There are three bottles of milk in the fridge.
冰箱里有三瓶牛奶。
美语生活中比较常用的量词（measure words）：
a dozen [ d zn] 一打（12个）
eg. a dozen eggs 一盒鸡蛋
half a dozen 半打
= a half dozen
dozens of people 几十个人
a couple [ k pl] 对，双，两个
eg. a couple of tomatoes 几个番茄
（不仅指2个，但表示10以下）
a couple 一对夫妻
不可数名词分类：
液体：wine, coffee, water, milk, soup, tea…
粉末：salt，sugar, flour…
肉类：meat, mince, steak, lamb…
自然：rain, snow, wind, sand…
抽象：love, knowledge, music，news…
总称：money，fruit，furniture，jewelery, food…
既可做可数名词又可做不可数名词：
[c] [u]
room 房间 空间
orange 桔子 橙汁
glass 玻璃杯 玻璃
time 次数 时间
life 生命 生活
exercise 练习 锻炼
paper 论文，试卷 纸张
tin 罐头 锡
chicken 小鸡 鸡肉
experience 经历 经验
Lesson 42 Is there a…in/on that…
[词汇]（3）
bird [b :d] n. 鸟
any [ eni] adj./pron./adv. 一些
some [s m] adj./pron./adv. 一些
eg. Kill two birds with one stone. 一石二鸟，一箭双雕
Some and Any (L:23已讲解过)
二者都表示不定量的代词，相当于“一些”，可修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词，some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句、否定句或条件从句。
eg. There are some scenic spots around the city.
在这个城市周边有些风景优美的地方。
Let’s get some fruit for the children.
给孩子们买些水果吧。
Do you need any reference books
你需要一些参考书吗？
If you find any new words in it, mark them out.
如果你发现那些生词的话，把它们标出来。
有些疑问句表示请求、建议、反问等，这时多用some而不用any。
eg. Would you mind buying me some aspirin
你给我买些阿司匹林好吗？
Aren’t there some stamps in that drawer
抽屉里没有邮票了吗？
some 和any 还可用来修饰可数名词单数，这时some 表示“某一个”，any 表示“任何一个”、“随便哪一个”。
eg. You will regret it some day. 你总有一天会后悔的。
You can get it in any department store. 随便在哪家商店你都能买到。
Lesson 42 课后练习答案
A
1 Is there any bread in the kitchen
2 There's a loaf on the table.
3 There's some coffee on the table, too.
4 There isn't any chocolate on the table.
5 There's a spoon on that dish.
6 Is there any soap on the dressing table
B
1 Is there a spoon here
Yes, there is. There's one on the plate.
2 Is there a tie here
Yes, there is. There's one on the chair.
3 Is there any milk here
Yes, there is. There's some on the table.
4 Is there a hammer here
Yes, there is. There's one on the bookcase.
5 Is there any tea here
Yes, there is. There's some on the table.
6 Is there a vase here
Yes, there is. There's one on the radio.
7 Is there a suit here
Yes, there is. There's one in the wardrobe.
8 Is there any tobacco here
Yes, there is. There's some in the tin.
9 Is there any chocolate here
Yes, there is. There's some on the desk.
10 Is there any cheese here
Yes, there is There's some on the plate.

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