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Lesson 37 Making a bookcase 做书架

[词汇]（8）
work v. 工作
hard adv. 努力地
make v. 做
bookcase n. 书橱，书架
hammer n. 锤子
paint v. 上漆，涂
pink n.& adj. 粉红色
favourite adj. 最喜欢的
★work [w :k]
① v. 工作；劳动
He works 45 hours per week.
② v. 从事职业
He works as a bank clerk.
③ v. 学习；做作业
If you work hard, you’ll pass your exams.
④ n. 工作；劳动；作业；职业[u]
He wants to have a good sleep after a day’s work.
He is out of work. 他失业了。
★hard [hɑ:d] adj./adv.
( hard adj./adv. 艰难的，困难的，刻苦的，严厉的，努力的)
eg. study hard 刻苦地学
listen hard 努力地听
hard wooden floor 坚硬的木地板
It’s hard to see. 很难明白。
She had a hard life. 她一生艰苦。
It’s raining heavily.雨下得很大。
= It’s raining hard.
Don’t be too hard on him, he’s very young.
别对他太严厉，他还小呢。
★make [me k] v. 制作，制造
eg. make a cake 做蛋糕
make a meal = cook a meal 做饭
make dumplings 包饺子
make the bed 铺床(L:29)
make the coffee/tea 泡咖啡/茶（L:43）
make a film 拍电影（L：133）
make up one's mind 下定决心，拿定主意（L:135）
make up one's face 化妆（L:141）
make up for 补偿
make a face 做鬼脸
make money 挣钱
make room for sb. 给某人让地方
make a room for sb. 为某人准备一间房间
Make yourself comfortable! 请别客气!
Make yourself to some fish! 请随便吃点鱼！
Make yourself at home. 请自便！
Money makes the mare go. 有钱能使鬼推磨。
(mare [me (r)] n. 母马，母驴)
由…制成
be made of 看得出原材料
be made from 看不出原材料
eg. The chair is made of wood. 椅子是木头做的。
The paper is made from wood. 纸是木头做的。
★bookcase [ b kke s] n.书橱，书架
book shelf 书架 book seller 书商
book shop 书店（英） book store 书店（美）
book mark 书签 book worm 书虫
book end 书靠 book cover 图书封面
eg. She is a bit of a bookworm. 她可算是个书迷。
book a hotel room 预定酒店房间（book v.预定）
Music is a closed book to me.我对音乐一窍不通。
(a closed book to sb. 对某人来说…一点也不懂）
(沪语俚语：山东人吃麦冬，一懂勿懂。)
★hammer [ h m (r)]
1. n. 锤子
eg. This painting came under the hammer today.
这幅画今天被拍卖了。
(come under the hammer 拍卖)
2. v. 锤打
eg. He hammered on the table with his fist.
他用拳头擂打桌子。
knock at/on the door 敲门（L:115）
hammer at/on the door 捶门
★paint [pe nt]
1. v. 上漆，涂，（用颜料）画
eg. Who painted this picture 谁画了这幅画？
2. v. 描写；描绘
eg. His novel paints a peaceful picture of the country life in Europe. 他的小说描绘了有关欧洲乡村生活的的宁静画面。
3. n. 油漆；涂料；颜料
eg. Wet Paint! 油漆未干！
I bought a box of paints. 我买了一盒颜料。
painting [ pe nt ] n. 绘画(指油画、水彩画等上色的画)
规则：动词 + er/r 往往变成对应的职业名词：
v. n.
paint 画，上色 painter 画家，油漆工
work 工作 worker 工人
teach 教 teacher 老师
sing 唱 singer 歌手
write 写 writer 作家
drive 驾驶 driver 司机
bake 烤，烘 baker 面包师
★pink [p k] n./adj. 粉红色
eg. in the pink 健康
pink-collar 粉领的，职业妇女的
white-collar 白领的
blue-collar 蓝领的
golden-collar 金领
★favourite [ fe v r t] adj. 最喜欢的
n. 最喜欢的东西
eg. My favourite colour is pink.
My favourite food is hot-hot-hot.
This kind of chocolate is my favourite.
[课文]
DAN: You're working hard, George.
以You’re开头，表示“你…”，语气较肯定
eg. You’re handsome/beautiful!
You’re an American, right
You’re Alice, right Are you Alice
work hard 努力工作（动词词组）
hard work 艰苦的工作（名词词组）
hard-working 勤奋的（形容词）
eg. Alice works very hard!
Alice is a hard-working girl!
It is hard work, but if you hold on, you will succeed.
What are you doing
GEORGE: I'm making a bookcase.
Give me that hammer please, Dan.
（此句为祈使句）
DAN: Which hammer This one
(此句为省略句，完整句应为：Which hammer do you want Do you want this one )
(在商店或是餐馆，人们往往喜欢用诸如This one 或Which one 这样的缩略来表示实际所需或问题。)
GEORGE: No, not that one. The big one.
DAN: Here you are.
（在英语口语中，是在把东西交给别人的时候常常使用的一个口头禅。不可以说成中式英语“Give you.”
GEORGE: Thanks, Dan.
DAN: What are you going to do now, George
GEORGE: I'm going to paint it.
DAN: What colour are you going to paint it
GEORGE: I'm going to paint it pink.
pink是宾补
paint + sth. + 颜色 把…涂成…颜色
eg. He names the baby Tom. 他给婴儿取名叫汤姆。
DAN: Pink!
GEORGE: This bookcase isn't for me.
for作介词，表示“为”、“给”的意思，for + sb. : 为/给某人…
eg. My father told a story for me. 我爸为我讲了个故事。
for作连词，表示“因为”,引导原因状语从句。
eg. I’m late, for the traffic is heavy. 因为交通堵塞，我迟到了。
It's for my daughter, Susan.
Susan是my daughter的同位语，起补充说明的作用。
Pink's her favourite colour.
[语法]
一般将来时（本课）
含义：
打算、准备做某事
eg. What are you going to do tomorrow 明天打算做什么呢？
The play is going to be on next month. 这出戏下月上演。
根据某种迹象判断某事有可能发生
eg. Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a heavy
rain this afternoon.
看那乌云，今天下午会下场大雨的。
结构：be going to + 动词原型
肯定句： 主语 + be going to do
否定句： 主语 + be not going to do
一般疑问句：Be + 主语 + going to do
肯定回答： Yes, 主语 + be.
否定回答： No, 主语 + be not.
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + be + 主语 + going to do
其他将来的表达方法：
will(所有人称)或shall(第一人称I或we) + 动词原形
eg. Tomorrow will be Sunday. 明天就是星期天。
The rain will stop soon. 雨很快就要停了。
We shall fly at 3. 我们3点钟将起飞。
I shall miss him terribly. 我会非常想念他的。
现在进行时表示将来的意思（只适用于表示位置移动的动作动词——趋向动词，如：go, come, leave, start, arrive, move, return, fly等,并常伴有表示将来时间的状语以区别于现在进行时态。）
eg. I’m coming to see you. 我将来看你。
（二册L:2 Breakfast or lunch）
Mr. Wang is flying to Shanghai early tomorrow morning.
明天一早王先生将飞往上海。
be + to 表示“意图、约定、可能性”
eg. We are to meet at the railway station.
我们将在火车站见面。
He is to visit Japan next year.
他明年将参观日本。
intend to do sth. 打算做某事
intend sb. to do sth. 打算叫某人做某事
(二册L:88 Trapped in a mine 困在矿井里)
eg. He intends to study abroad next year.
他打算明年出国留学。
He intends his son to manage the company.
他打算叫儿子经营这家公司。
播放英语歌曲：(主题be going to)
美国电影《毕业生》的主题歌Scarborugh fair —— 斯卡布罗集市（上世纪60年代的经典老歌）
美国电影《珍珠港》片尾曲There You’ll Be —— 有你相依
（2001年作品）
Lesson 38 What are you going to do
你准备做什么？
What are you doing now
你现在正在做什么？

[词汇]（3）
homework n. 作业
listen v. 听
dish n. 盘子，碟子
★homework [ h mw :k] n. 作业
eg. do one’s homework 做家庭作业
do the housework 做家务活
homeland 祖国
homemade 家里自制的
hometown 家乡
★listen [ l sn] vi. 听（表示听的动作）
eg. Listen to the music! 听音乐！
hear vt. 听见（表示结果）
eg. Can you hear me 你能听到我的声音吗？
hear from sb. 收到某人来信
★dish [d ] n. 盘子，碟子(较小，如餐前开胃菜、醋碟子等)
plate [ple t] n. 盘子(大盘子,平的，盛牛排等)
eg. wash the dishes 洗碗
= do the dishes
a homely dish 一道家常菜
Lesson 38 课后练习答案
A
1 What are you doing We are reading.
2 What are they doing They are doing their homework.
3 What is he doing He is working hard.
4 What are you doing I am washing the dishes.
B
1 What are you going to do
I'm going to shave.
What are you doing now
I'm shaving.
2 What are you going to do
I'm going to wait for a bus.
What are you doing now
I'm waiting for a bus.
3 What are you going to do
I'm going to do my homework.
What are you doing now
I'm doing my homework.
4 What are you going to do
I'm going to listen to the stereo.
What are you doing now
I'm listening to the stereo.5 What are you going to do
I'm going to wash the dishes.
What are you doing now
I'm washing the dishes.

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