资源简介 2024中考专题复习之主谓一致讲义及练习知识清单主谓一致定义:主谓一致指句子主语和谓语在语法形式上必须保持一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则,即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。一、语法一致谓语动词与主语在人称和数上要保持一致,即主语是单数,谓语动词用单数;主语是复数,谓语动词用复数。(一)主语后面跟with /as well as/rather /besides/but/except等词时,谓语动词与最前面的主语保持一致。如:Everyone except Tom and Jack has come here. 除了汤姆和杰克之外,每个人都来这儿了。(二)and和both...and连接的两个或两个以上的名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式(若连接的是不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。)如:1.Tom and Mike are good friends. 汤姆和迈克是好朋友。2.The writer and doctor has come. 这位作家兼医生已经来了。(三)either/ neither/each/one/some/any/ every等+of+复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如:Each of us has a new book. 我们每个人都有一本新书。(四)“a number of +名词复数”意为“许多……”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数;“the number of +名词复数”意为“……的数量”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如:1.A number of trees are planted every year. 每年有许多树木被种植。2.The number of students in our class is 50. 我们班的人数是50。不定式、动名词作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。如:To see is to believe. 眼见为实。(五)不定代词either/neither/ body/ thing等在句中作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如:Is there anything wrong with your computer 你的电脑有什么问题吗?(六)“some/most/the rest/all/half/分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词常和of后的名词保持数的一致。如果名词是复数,则谓语动词用复数;如果是不可数名词或名词单数,谓语动词用单数。如:A quarter of the workers are from Guangdong. 有四分之一的工人来自广东。二、意义一致意义一致指谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义保持一致。(一)表“时间、重量、长度、价值”等名词的复数形式作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。如:Three months has passed since Mildred’s daughter died. 米尔德雷德的女儿已经离开三个月了。(二)trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes等词作主语时,谓语动词用复数,但若这些词被a pair/two pairs 修饰,谓语要和pair的形式保持一致。如:1.My glasses are broken. 我的眼镜坏了。2.Five pairs of shoes have been sold out in the morning. 早晨卖出了五双鞋。(三)“the + 形容词”, 常表示一类人,谓语动词用复数。如:The blind study in special schools. 盲人在特殊学校学习。(四)以 s结尾的名词如physics, politics, maths, news等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如:The news that Stephen William Hawking passed away makes us sad. 霍金去世的消息使我们悲伤。(五)family/class/team/group等集体名词作主语时,若看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数;若强调整体中的每一个成员时,谓语动词用复数。如:The family are all fond of listening to music. 这家人都喜欢听音乐。三、就近一致就近一致原则指的是谓语动词的人称和数与并列主语中最靠近它的那个主语保持一致。遵循此原则的常见结构有:there be, not only...but also..., neither... nor..., either...or...等。如:Neither you nor he knows how to use the computer. 你和他都不知道怎么用这台电脑。配套练习1.(2022·辽宁大连·中考真题)Once a term, there ________ a parents’ meeting in our school.A.is B.are C.was D.were2.(2022·湖南湘西·中考真题)There ________ only one earth but billions of (数十亿) people in the world, so we should protect the earth.A.have B.is C.are3.(2022·广西玉林·中考真题)— As far as I know, there _____ a high-speed train from Yulin to Shenzhen in 2023.— Yeah! It will be more convenient for the people in Yulin. A.will be B.has C.is D.will have4.(2022·湖南邵阳·中考真题)— A pandemic (疫情) broke out in Shaoyang last month.— Yeah. ________ were so many doctors and nurses coming to help us.A.They B.There C.Those5.(2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题)—There will be ________ tomorrow. We can’t eat out.—Well, we have to stay at home.A.rainy B.rain C.raining6.(2022·广西柳州·中考真题)Everyone ________ here. Let’s go.A.am B.are C.is7.(2022·广西柳州·中考真题)Here are some ________ for you to read.A.milk B.tea C.books8.(2022·湖南郴州·中考真题)— The song Together for a Shared Future is very popular now.— That’s for sure! Both the young and the old ________ it.A.likes B.like C.liked9.(2022·广西贵港·中考真题)—There ________ a talk by Zhong Nanshan in our school tomorrow afternoon.—Great! We can’t wait!A.is B.was C.will be D.will have10.(2022·湖北恩施·中考真题)There ________ some milk and several apples in the fridge.A.is B.are C.be11.(2022·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)With the introduction of the “double reduction” policy (双减政策), one of the ________ ________ that the students have less homework.A.changes; is B.change; is C.changes; are12.(2022·贵州黔东南·中考真题)In our school library, there _________ a number of books on art. The number of the books _________ still growing larger and larger.A.is; is B.are; is C.is; are D.are; are13.(2022·贵州毕节·中考真题)Neither Saturday nor Sunday________ OK because I will be quite busy these two days.A.are B.is C.am D.be14.(2022·贵州铜仁·中考真题)—Using public chopsticks ______ necessary when eating with others.—That’s right.A.is B.are C.was D.were15.(2022·天津·中考真题)A lot of birds ________ in nature parks every year.A.protect B.is protected C.are protected D.protected16.(2022·天津·中考真题)We hope ________ a computer on every student’s desk in the future.A.there is B.there was C.there will be D.there has been17.(2022·四川达州·中考真题)—Hurry up, Jason! We’re going to the cinema, but the clothes still need ________.—Don’t worry. I think thirty minutes ________ enough.A.washing; are B.to wash; are C.to wash; is D.washing; is18.(2021·四川巴中·中考真题)—Amazing! Tom got the best grade in the test last week.—Nothing ________ impossible. He studies really hard this term.A.is B.are C.have D.has19.(2021·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题)In the year of 2020, each of us ________ by the people like Zhong Nanshan and Li Lanjuan who taught us how to fight against the difficulties in life with a strong will.A.were greatly encouraged B.greatly encouragesC.greatly encouraged D.was greatly encouraged20.(2021·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题)Fresh water ________ more important than anything else.A.is B.are C.was21.(2021·吉林长春·中考真题)There __________ two people waiting for you outside now.A.is B.are C.was D.were22.(2021·广西河池·中考真题)Not only Peter but also his father ________ crazy about the basketball match.A.am B.is C.are D.be23.(2021·广西河池·中考真题)There ________ a concert in our school hall next week.A.is B.was C.will be D.will have24.(2021·广西玉林·中考真题)—Susan, how many women teachers are there in your school —In our school, _______of the teachers _______ women teachers.A.third fourth; are B.third fourth; is C.three fourths; is D.three fourths; are25.(2021·广西柳州·中考真题)There ________ a TV set in the room.A.be B.is C.are26.(2021·辽宁朝阳·中考真题)—Have you heard of the story of Mulan —Of course. Mulan is a brave girl ________ her father’s place to fight in the army.A.whom take B.that take C.which takes D.who takes27.(2021·辽宁朝阳·中考真题)—________ you ________ to Jim’s birthday party last night —Yes, I was. But I was too busy to be there.A.Did; invited B.Were; invite C.Was; invited D.Were; invited28.(2021·辽宁营口·中考真题)One thousand kilometers ________ quite a long way to the ancient,but now we can complete the journey in about one hour by air.A.was B.had C.were D.have29.(2021·四川广元·中考真题)I plan to travel to America next month, and I think 2000 dollars ________ enough.A.was B.are C.is D.were30.(2021·四川广元·中考真题)Three fifths of the teachers in our school are ________.A.man teachers B.men teachers C.woman teachers D.women teacher答案解析1.A【解析】句意:每个学期,我们学校都会举行一次家长会。考查动词时态和be动词的用法。根据“Once a term”可知,此处是描述一个一般性情况,需用一般现在时,可排除CD选项;且“a parents’ meeting”是单数,be动词用is。故选A。2.B【解析】句意:只有一个地球,但世界上有数十亿人,所以我们应该保护地球。考查There be句型。根据“There ... only one earth but billions of people in the world”可知此处是There be句型,主语“one earth”是单数,be动词用is。故选B。3.A【解析】句意:——据我所知,2023年将有从玉林到深圳的高铁。——耶!这对玉林的人们来说会更方便。考查there be句型的一般将来时结构。根据“in 2023”可知,此处要用there be句型的一般将来时结构there will be,故选A。4.B【解析】句意:——上个月,邵阳爆发了一场疫情。——是的。有很多医生和护士来帮助我们。考查there be句型。分析句子可知,此处是there be句型,表示“有……”,主语是many doctors and nurses,故选B。5.B【解析】句意:——明天会下雨。我们不能在外面吃饭。——嗯,我们必须呆在家里。考查there be用法。rainy下雨的;rain下雨,雨水;raining动名词形式。此处是there be句型,空处填的应是名词,rain符合语境,故选B。6.C【解析】句意:每个人都在这。我们走吧。考查主谓一致。am与主语I一起连用;are系动词的复数形式;is系动词的单数形式。不定代词everyone作主语,be动词用单数is,故选C。7.C【解析】句意:这里有一些书给你读。考查名词辨析。milk牛奶;tea茶;books书籍。根据“Here are some...read”可知,此处使用可数名词复数,表示“读一些书”。故选C。8.B【解析】句意:——《一起向未来》这首歌现在很受欢迎。——这是肯定的!年轻人和老年人都喜欢它。考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据“now”结合语境可知句子是一般现在时; 根据“Both the young and the old”可知主语是复数,动词应用原形,故选B。9.C【解析】句意:——明天下午我们学校将有一场钟南山的演讲。——太棒了!我们等不及了!考查There be句型和时态。根据“There …a talk by Zhong Nanshan in our school tomorrow afternoon.”可知,本句为一般将来时,且为There be句型,使用There will be“将有”,故选C。10.A【解析】句意:冰箱里有一些牛奶和几个苹果。考查there be句型的就近原则。there be句型遵循“就近原则”,离be动词最近的名词milk是不可数名词,所以be要用is,故选A。11.A【解析】句意:随着“双减”政策的出台,其中一个变化就是学生的作业变少了。考查名词复数和主谓一致。one of+名词复数,排除B;one of加名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用单数。故选A。12.B【解析】句意:在我们学校的图书馆里,有许多关于艺术的书。 书的数量还在越来越多。考查主谓一致。根据“a number of books”可知,表复数概念,故第一空填are。the number of表示“……的数量”,修饰主语,be动词用is,故选B。13.B【解析】句意:星期六和星期天都不行,因为这两天我会很忙。考查主谓一致。neither…nor遵循“就近原则”,be动词用离其最近的主语Sunday保持一致,故此空应填is,故选B。14.A【解析】句意:——与他人一起吃饭时,使用公用筷子是必要的。——确实如此。考查主谓一致以及动词时态。此处阐述的是使用公筷的必要性,句子用一般现在时,动名词作主语,be动词用is,故选A。15.C【解析】句意:每年都有很多鸟类在自然公园受到保护。考查被动语态。分析句子可知,主语“A lot of birds”和谓语protect“保护”之间是被动关系,根据“every year”可知此处用一般现在时的被动语态“am/is/are done”,主语是复数,be动词用are。故选C。16.C【解析】句意:我们希望将来每个学生的课桌上都能有一台电脑。考查时态。根据“in the future”可知,此处是“there be”句型的一般将来时态,结构是“there will be”。故选C。17.D【解析】句意:——快点,杰森!我们要去看电影,但衣服还需要洗。——不要担心。我想30分钟就够了。考查非谓语动词和主谓一致。need doing sth“需要被做”,排除BC;第二处“thirty minutes”是一个时间整体,be动词用is。故选D。18.A【解析】句意:——太令人惊讶了!汤姆在上周的考试中得了最高分。——没有什么是不可能的。他这学期学习非常努力。考查动词辨析。is是,主语是第三人称单数;are是,主语是第二人称,第一、三人称复数;have有;has有,第三人称单数形式。根据“impossible”可知,此处是形容词作表语,空前应该是be动词,且主语是不定代词,be动词用is,故选A。19.D【解析】句意:在2020年,我们每个人都受到钟南山、李兰娟等人的鼓舞,他们教会我们如何以坚强的意志与生活中的困难作斗争。考查被动语态。根据“by the people like Zhong Nanshan and Li Lanjuan”可知,主语“each of us”与动词“encourage”是被动关系,且时间状语“in the year of 2020”是一般过去时标志词,句子应用被动语态was/were done的机构,each of修饰主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,故选D。20.A【解析】句意:淡水比其他任何东西都重要。考查主谓一致。此处陈述一般事实,用一般现在时,主语“Fresh water”是不可数名词,其后用be动词is。故选A。21.B【解析】句意:现在有两个人在外面等你。考查时态和主谓一致。根据“now”可知,句子应用一般现在时,排除C/D选项;there be句型中be动词形式取决于其后的名词,“two people”是复数名词,be动词应用are,故选B。22.B【解析】句意:不仅彼得而且他的父亲也对这场篮球比赛很着迷。考查主谓一致。not only…but also连接并列主语时,谓语动词遵循“就近原则”,离谓语最近的主语his father是第三人称,be动词用单数形式is,故选B。23.C【解析】句意:下周我们学校礼堂将有一场音乐会。考查there be句型的一般将来时。根据“there”及“next week”可知,此处用there be句型的一般将来时结构there will+动词原形,且there be句型不能与have一起连用,故选C。24.D【解析】【分析】句意:——苏珊,你们学校有多少女老师?——在我们学校,四分之三的教师是女教师。考查分数表达法及其用法。在英语中,分数的表达方法是:基数词(分子)+序数词(分母),分子超过1时,分母加s,故排除A、B项;含有分数主语的谓语动词形式,由of后面的名词决定,句中of后的名词teachers是复数形式,故谓语动词应用复数形式are。故选D。25.B【解析】【分析】句意:房间里有一台电视机。考查there be句型。there be句型需满足“就近原则”,a TV set是名词单数,要用is,故选B。26.D【解析】句意:——你听说过木兰的故事吗?——当然。木兰是一个勇敢的女孩,她代替父亲参军。考查定语从句和主谓一致。whom关系代词,指人,在从句中作宾语;that关系代词,指人或物,在从句中作主语或宾语;which关系代词,指物,在从句中作主语或宾语;who关系代词,指人,在从句中作主语;句子是定语从句,先行词是girl,指人,在从句中作主语,应用who/that引导定语从句,先行词是单数名词,从句谓语动词应用三单形式,故选D。27.D【解析】句意:——昨晚你被邀请参加吉姆的生日聚会了吗?——是的,我被邀请了。但我太忙了,没去。考查一般过去时的被动语态和一般疑问句。根据回答“Yes, I was.”可知,问句应是be动词开头的一般疑问句,主语是you,be动词则用were,故排除A、C;主语you和invite之间是被动关系,表示被邀请,所以用被动语态,第二空应填动词的过去分词。故选D。28.A【解析】【分析】句意:一千公里在古代是相当长的一段路,但是现在我们坐飞机可以在大约一个小时内完成这段旅程。考查动词和主谓一致。was是;had有;were是;have有。结合句意,此处表示古代一千公里是相当长的一段路,表示判断,排除BD两项,主语one thousand kilometers,表示距离,作主语,看成一个整体,谓语用第三人称单数形式,故选A。29.C【解析】句意:我计划下个月去美国旅行,我认为2000美元足够了。考查主谓一致及动词时态。根据“I plan to travel to America next month”可知,此空所在句子应用一般现在时,排除A和D选项。金钱作主语时,be动词用单数形式,故选C。30.B【解析】句意:我们学校五分之三的教师是男教师。考查名词复数。结合动词are可知,名词要用复数形式,以man或woman为前缀的名词变复数时,前后两个名词都变成复数,B选项正确,故选B。 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览