资源简介

2024中考专题复习之定语从句讲义及练习
知识清单
定语从句的概念
概念：在句中作定语的句子，它修饰一个名词或代词，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句。这个被修饰的名词、代词叫做先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
定语从句的引导词：关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有：when, where, why等
定语从句的知识点
知识点一：关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1.who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。
e.g. Is he the man who/that wants to see you 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2.whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。
e.g. They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.　那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose （of which） cover is green.　请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3.which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
e.g. A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）
知识点二：关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用。
e.g.There are occasions when （on which） one must yield.　任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where（in which） I was born.　北京是我的出生地。
知识点三：判断关系代词与关系副词
1.用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。
e.g. This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。
2.准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
知识点四：限制性和非限制性定语从句
1.定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。
e.g. This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）
2.当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。
e.g. Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
查理 史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.　
我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
3.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
e.g. He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
知识点五：关系代词that 的用法
不用that的情况
引导非限定性定语从句时及介词后不能用that。
2．只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
（1）在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
（2）在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。
（3）先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。　
（4）先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。
（5）先行词既有人，又有物时。
e.g. All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。
配套练习
一、单项选择题
1．（2023九上·南宁竞赛）Do you know the girl____is rushing across the street
A．which B．who C．what
2．（2023九上·长春汽车经济技术开发期中） Lily likes museums ____ can provide visitors with free Wi-Fi.
A．that B．who C．what D．when
3．（2023九上·哈尔滨开学考） —We all have a happy childhood.
—That's right. Til never forget the most beautiful days____I spent in my hometown.
A．which B．when C．that
4．（2023九上·上海市月考） I hate those ____ never give their seats to people in need.
A．which B．who C．they D．what
5．（2023九上·上海市月考） The boss____company my father worked in is a very kind person.
A．whose B．who C．which D．that
6．（2023九上·榆树开学考） Look at that girl____is helping Lucy.
A．who B．whose C．what D．whom
7．（2023·南宁模拟） —Do you know____
—Let me see. I remember it was May 10th, 2021.
A．why they moved to the small town
B．when they moved to the small town
C．How they moved to the small town
8．（2023·青羊模拟） Journey to the West is a TV play____ many Chinese people like to watch.
A．why B．who C．that
9．（2023·福州模拟） A true friend is a person _________ reaches for your hand and touches your heart.
A．which B．who C．how
10．（2023·郫都模拟） —I really don't know how to get on well with other people.
—The most important rule ____ you should follow is to communicate.
A．that B．where C．who
11．（2023·龙泉驿模拟） Chengdu is a city ____ you'll never want to leave as long as you come.
A．that B．where C．who
12．（2023·成都模拟） Xi'an,____used to be the starting point of the ancient Silk Road, is home to all kinds of delicious food.
A．what B．which C．where
13．（2023·武侯模拟） Chengdu is a big city ____ we can learn ancient Shu culture and enjoy modern life in.
A．whom B．who C．which
14．（2019·淮安）The charities have helped more children with the money _______ people raise.
A．who B．what C．where D．which
15．（2021·哈尔滨） —I still remember all the stories ____ my grandma told me.
—The memories of our childhood are always hard to forget.
A．what B．who C．that
16．（2020·呼和浩特） —The singer ____comes from USA is called Bob.
—I know. The most popular song ____was sung by him was on the CCTV show last night.
A．who; which B．who; that C．that; which D．whom; that
17．（2023·哈尔滨） —Who is the hero in your mind
—Huang Danian. He is a scientist ____ has helped China make great progress in deep-sea exploration (勘探).
A．where B．which C．who
18．（2023·阜新） The woman astronaut ____ gave us a lesson on space is Liu Yang.
A．which B．whose C．who D．whom
19．（2021·营口） I'll never forget the place____ we visited together last year.
A．which B．what C．who D．whom
20．（2022·兴安盟） —What kind of movies do you like
— I prefer movies____ give me something to think about.
A．who B．that C．what D．/
二、语法填空
21． A. Jennie thinks bands that play too loud are terrible. (not like)
B. Jennie　 　　 　bands　 　play too loud.
22． A. Kay enjoys being with outgoing people. (who)
B. Kay likes　 　　 　are outgoing.
23． A. I like this music because it has great lyrics. (that)
B. I like　 　　 　has great lyrics.
24． A. Books about mysteries are my favorite. (like)
B. I really　 　books　 　are about mysteries.
25． Jennifer likes musicians　 　write their own lyrics.
26． My father likes country music　 　is quiet and slow.
27． The man　 　is reading a book over there comes from Australia.
28． Everything　 　you learn becomes a part of you and changes you.
29． Jill prefers directors　 　are creative.
30． I love movies　 　can cheer me up when I'm sad or tired.
答案解析
一、单项选择题
1．（2023九上·南宁竞赛）Do you know the girl____is rushing across the street
A．which B．who C．what
【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意：你认识那个急匆匆穿过马路的女孩吗？A：哪一个，用于定语从句中指代事物；B：谁，用于定语从句中指代人； C：什么，用于宾语从句指代事物。根据空格前girl，可知空格后句子修饰名词，为定语从句，且指人，关系词应用who。故选B。
【点评】考查who引导的定语从句。注意分析定语从句先行词，选择正确的关系词。
2．（2023九上·长春汽车经济技术开发期中） Lily likes museums ____ can provide visitors with free Wi-Fi.
A．that B．who C．what D．when
【答案】A
【解析】【分析】句意：莉莉喜欢可以为游客提供免费无线网络的博物馆。A：that在定语从句中作主语和宾语成分，指人和物；B：who在定语从句中作主语和宾语成分，指人；C：what不引导定语从句；D：when在定语从句中作时间状语。分析句子为定语从句，先行词为museums，博物馆，指物，从句缺少主语成分，可知此处应用that引导，故选A。
【点评】考查关系代词，注意根据定语从句中that的用法。
3．（2023九上·哈尔滨开学考） —We all have a happy childhood.
—That's right. Til never forget the most beautiful days____I spent in my hometown.
A．which B．when C．that
【答案】C
【解析】【分析】句意：——我们都有过幸福的童年。 ——没错。我永远不会忘记我在老家度过的最美好的时光。这是定语从句，先行词是days，从句中缺少spent的宾语，当先行词被最高级修饰时，作宾语指代物用关系代词that，故选C。
【点评】考查定语从句，注意识记当先行词被最高级修饰时，作宾语指代物用关系代词that的用法。
4．（2023九上·上海市月考） I hate those ____ never give their seats to people in need.
A．which B．who C．they D．what
【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意：我讨厌那些从不给有需要的人让座的人。根据句子结构可知这里是缺少定语从句的连接词。排除CD选项，which引导的从句的先行词表示物的名词或代词；who引导的从句的先行词是表示人的名词或代词。根据句意可知这里whose指代的是人，所以用who，故答案为B。
【点评】考查定语从句。识记who引导的定语从句的用法。
5．（2023九上·上海市月考） The boss____company my father worked in is a very kind person.
A．whose B．who C．which D．that
【答案】A
【解析】【分析】句意：我父亲工作的那家公司的老板是一个非常善良的人。A.谁的；B.谁；C.哪个；D.没有具体意义。company和boss是所属关系，用whose引导定语从句，做定语，故选A。
【点评】考查定语从句，注意识记whose的用法。
6．（2023九上·榆树开学考） Look at that girl____is helping Lucy.
A．who B．whose C．what D．whom
【答案】A
【解析】【分析】句意：看看那个帮助露西的女孩。句子是定语从句，先行词是the girl，在从句中做主语，故选A。
【点评】考查定语从句。定语从句应先注意判定先行词，然后把先行词代入从句，判断在从句中所作的成分。
7．（2023·南宁模拟） —Do you know____
—Let me see. I remember it was May 10th, 2021.
A．why they moved to the small town
B．when they moved to the small town
C．How they moved to the small town
【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意：——你知道他们什么时候搬到小镇的吗？——让我想想。我记得那是2021年5月10日。A.why they moved to the small town他们为什么搬到这个小镇；B.when they moved to the small town什么时候搬到小镇的；C.How they moved to the small town他们是怎么搬到小镇的。根据答语"I remember it was May 10th, 2021"可知，此处问什么时间搬来的，用when引导宾语从句。故选B。
【点评】考查宾语从句。注意宾语从句的引导词需要根据答语来确定。
8．（2023·青羊模拟） Journey to the West is a TV play____ many Chinese people like to watch.
A．why B．who C．that
【答案】C
【解析】【分析】句意：《西游记》是一部很多中国人都喜欢看的电视剧。A为什么，询问原因；B谁，指代人；C指代事物。根据先行词TV play，可知指代事物，关系词应用that。故选C。
【点评】考查定语从句。注意根据先行词，判断定语从句所需的关系词。
9．（2023·福州模拟） A true friend is a person _________ reaches for your hand and touches your heart.
A．which B．who C．how
【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意：一个真正的朋友是一个伸手触摸你的心的人。句子是定语从句，先行词是person，在从句中作主语，应用who引导，故选B。
【点评】考查定语从句的引导词。应掌握判断定语从句的方法，并能够准确找到先行词和判断其在从句中的成分，从而确定所需引导词。
10．（2023·郫都模拟） —I really don't know how to get on well with other people.
—The most important rule ____ you should follow is to communicate.
A．that B．where C．who
【答案】A
【解析】【分析】句意：——我真的不知道和其他人怎么样能相处好。——你应该遵守的最重要的规则是去交流。where，哪里，who，谁，定语从句的主句部分是rule is to communicate，先行词是rule，指物，在从句中做宾语，指代物用that，故选A。
【点评】考查定语从句，注意识记做主语指代物用that的用法。
11．（2023·龙泉驿模拟） Chengdu is a city ____ you'll never want to leave as long as you come.
A．that B．where C．who
【答案】A
【解析】【分析】句意：成都是一个只要你来了就不想离开的城市。where，哪里，who，谁，定语从句先行词是city，从句中缺少宾语，指代物作宾语用that，故选A。
【点评】考查定语从句，注意识记指代物作宾语用that的用法。
12．（2023·成都模拟） Xi'an,____used to be the starting point of the ancient Silk Road, is home to all kinds of delicious food.
A．what B．which C．where
【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意：被认为过去是古丝绸之路起点的西安是各种美食之家。A什么，B哪一个，引导定语从句，指代物，C哪里，定语从句的先行词是Xi'an，在从句中做主语，指代物，用which，故选B。
【点评】考查定语从句，注意识记which的用法。
13．（2023·武侯模拟） Chengdu is a big city ____ we can learn ancient Shu culture and enjoy modern life in.
A．whom B．who C．which
【答案】C
【解析】【分析】句意：成都是一个我们可以在这里学习古蜀文化，享受现代生活的大城市。句子是定语从句，先行词指的是人，关系词用who/whom，先行词指的是物，关系词用which。先行词city城市，指的是物，所以用which，故选C。
【点评】考查定语从句，首先理解关系词区别，然后根据先行词确定关系词。
14．（2019·淮安）The charities have helped more children with the money _______ people raise.
A．who B．what C．where D．which
【答案】D
【解析】【分析】句意：慈善机构用人们筹集的钱帮助了更多的儿童。A. who关系词，先行词是人；B. what不能引导定语从句；C. where关系副词，在定语从句中做状语；D. which关系代词，先行词是物。raise，筹集，及物动词，先行词the money，是物，在从句中作宾语关系词用which，故选D。
【点评】考查关系词的辨析。理解关系词的意思和用法，根据从句的种类和在从句中的作用选择正确的关系词。
15．（2021·哈尔滨） —I still remember all the stories ____ my grandma told me.
—The memories of our childhood are always hard to forget.
A．what B．who C．that
【答案】C
【解析】【分析】句意：——我仍然记得奶奶给我讲的所有故事。——我们童年的记忆总是难以忘记。这是定语从句，A什么，引导宾语从句，B引导定语从句，先行词是人，C引导定语从句，先行词是物，stories是先行词，在从句中做宾语，故关系代词用that，故选C。
【点评】考查定语从句，注意识记that引导定语从句，先行词是物的用法。
16．（2020·呼和浩特） —The singer ____comes from USA is called Bob.
—I know. The most popular song ____was sung by him was on the CCTV show last night.
A．who; which B．who; that C．that; which D．whom; that
【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意：——这位来自美国的歌手叫鲍勃。——我知道。他唱的最受欢迎的歌是昨晚中央电视台的节目。who谁，指代人，作主语/宾语；whom谁，宾格，作宾语；which哪一个，指代事物；that指代人/事物。第一空根据先行词singer，可知指代人，且在从句中作主语，关系词用who；第二空根据先行词song，可知指代事物，再根据最高级The most popular ，可知关系词用that不用which。故选B。
【点评】考查定语从句。注意熟记动词come"来"：第三人称单数： comes；现在分词： coming；过去式： came；过去分词： come。
17．（2023·哈尔滨） —Who is the hero in your mind
—Huang Danian. He is a scientist ____ has helped China make great progress in deep-sea exploration (勘探).
A．where B．which C．who
【答案】C
【解析】【分析】句意：——你心目中的英雄是谁？——黄大年。他是一位帮助中国在深海勘探方面取得巨大进展的科学家。在定语从句中：where在地点；which哪一个；who谁。根据题干，可知先行词是scientist，指人，作主语，关系代词用who。故选：C。
【点评】考查定语从句。熟悉定语从句的用法，结合题意，给出答案。
18．（2023·阜新） The woman astronaut ____ gave us a lesson on space is Liu Yang.
A．which B．whose C．who D．whom
【答案】C
【解析】【分析】句意：在太空中给我们上课的女宇航员是刘洋。先行词是astronaut，在定语从句中做主语。指代人做主语，关系代词用who，which指代物，whose，谁的，做定语，whom指代人，做定语，故选C。
【点评】考查定语从句，注意识记who的用法。
19．（2021·营口） I'll never forget the place____ we visited together last year.
A．which B．what C．who D．whom
【答案】A
【解析】【分析】句意：我永远不会忘记去年我们一起去的那个地方。A定语从句连词指代物作宾语，B什么，宾语从句连词，C谁，主格，D谁，宾格，这是定语从句，先行词是place，在定语从句中做visit的宾语，指代物做宾语用which，故选A。
【点评】考查连词辨析，定语从句，注意识记代物做宾语用which的用法。
20．（2022·兴安盟） —What kind of movies do you like
— I prefer movies____ give me something to think about.
A．who B．that C．what D．/
【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意：——你喜欢看哪种电影？——呃，更愿意看带给我们一些思考的电影。A谁，C什么，这是定语从句，先行词是movies，在从句中做主语。指代物做主语用关系代词that。故选B。
【点评】考查定语从句，注意识记代物做主语用关系代词that的用法。
二、语法填空
21． A. Jennie thinks bands that play too loud are terrible. (not like)
B. Jennie　 　　 　bands　 　play too loud.
【答案】doesn't；like；that / which
【解析】【分析】句意：珍妮认为演奏声音太大的乐队很糟糕。题目要求用 not like 来改写句子，即改否定句。再分析Jennie 1 2 bands 3 play too loud. 可知本句是含定语从句的句子。主句缺少谓语动词主语是第三人称单数形式，且要求是否定形式，故第1, 2 空答案是doesn't，like。bands是主句主语由做先行词，且指物。且定语从句缺少主语。用关系代词that/which 。故答案为doesn't，like，that / which。
【点评】考查定语从句。根据原句句意及所给的词判断先行词及关系代词。
22． A. Kay enjoys being with outgoing people. (who)
B. Kay likes　 　　 　are outgoing.
【答案】people；who
【解析】【分析】句意：凯喜欢和外向的人在一起。题目要求用who来改写同义句。再分析 Kay likes 1 2 are outgoing. 可知本句是要改成定语从句。 likes 后接宾语，根据原句宾语是people ，即使宾语也是先行词，故第一空是people 。定语从句没有主语，故用关系代词who。故答案为people、who。
【点评】考查定语从句。根据原句句意判断先行词。
23． A. I like this music because it has great lyrics. (that)
B. I like　 　　 　has great lyrics.
【答案】music；that
【解析】【分析】句意：我喜欢这首歌，因为它有很棒的歌词。题目要求用that来改写句子。再分析要改的句子 I like 1 2 has great lyrics. 可知是要改成定语从句。like 后要接名词music做宾语，同时music 也是定语从句的先行词。定语从句没有主语，要用关系代词that。故答案为music，that。
【点评】考查定语从句。根据句子判断先行词，再完成完整的句子。
24． A. Books about mysteries are my favorite. (like)
B. I really　 　books　 　are about mysteries.
【答案】like；that / which
【解析】【分析】句意：关于推理的书是我的最爱。题目要求用like来改写句子。再分析I really 1 books 2 are about mysteries. 可判断本句含定语从句。且主句缺少谓语动词，可用所给的like做谓语动词，故第一空是like 。先行词是books，指物，且从句缺少主语，故用关系代词that/which。故答案为like，that/which。
【点评】考查动词及定语从句。根据原句判断谓语动词，由先行词决定关系代词。
25． Jennifer likes musicians　 　write their own lyrics.
【答案】that / who
【解析】【分析】句意：詹妮弗喜欢自己写歌词的音乐家。分析句子结构可知本句含有定语从句，且定语从句缺少主语。先行词是musicians ，指人。先行词指人时，用关系代词that/who，且做从句主语。故答案为that/who。
【点评】考查定语从句。分析句子结构判断是定语从句的复合句，找出先行词，并正确使用关系词。
26． My father likes country music　 　is quiet and slow.
【答案】that / which
【解析】【分析】句意：我父亲喜欢安静而缓慢的乡村音乐。分析句子结构可知本句含有定语从句，且定语从句缺少主，先行词是music ，指物。先行词指物时，用关系代词that/which ，且在从句中做主语。故答案为that/which。
【点评】考查定语从句。判断句子结构，定语从句要根据先行词及从句是否缺少主语来定关系词。
27． The man　 　is reading a book over there comes from Australia.
【答案】who / that
【解析】【分析】句意：那边正在看书的那个男人来自澳大利亚。分析句子结构可知本句含有定语从句，且定语从句缺少主语，先行词是The man ，指人，先行词指人时，用关系代词who/that ，且在从句中做主语。故答案为who/that。
【点评】考查定语从句。分析句子结构判断复合句的类型，由先行词判断关系词。
28． Everything　 　you learn becomes a part of you and changes you.
【答案】that
【解析】【分析】句意：你学到的一切都会成为你的一部分，并改变你。分析句子结构可知本句含有定语从句，定语从句不缺少主语，缺少宾语。先行词Everything，是不定代词。先行词是不定代词时，关系词只能用that，且做从句宾语。故答案为that。
【点评】考查宾语从句。分析句子结构判断定语从句，先行词是不定代词时，注意关系词只能用that。
29． Jill prefers directors　 　are creative.
【答案】that / who
【解析】【分析】句意：吉尔更喜欢有创造力的导演。分析句子可知本句含有定语从句，且定语从句缺少主语。先行词是directors 导演，是指人。指人的先行词用关系代词that/who，且在从句中做主语 。故答案为that/who。
【点评】考查定语从句。分析句子结构，是复合句中的定语从句，要正确判断先行词，关系词。
30． I love movies　 　can cheer me up when I'm sad or tired.
【答案】that / which
【解析】【分析】句意：我喜欢那些在我悲伤或疲倦时能让我振作起来的电影。分析句子结构可知本句含有定语从句，且从句缺少主语，先行词movies ，指物。先行词指物时，用关系代词that/which ，且做从句主语。故答案为that/which。
【点评】考查定语从句。分析句子结构，定语从句的复合句时，要根据先行词及从句会否缺主语来判断关系词。

展开更多......

收起↑