资源简介

南京师大附中2022-2023 学年度第1学期
高二年级英语2月推送试卷
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 20分）
第一节（共5小题； 每小题1分，满分5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What did the man do yesterday
A. He saw a film. B. He played football. C. He watched a game.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What are the speakers doing
A. Sharing a secret. B. Making a plan. C. Playing chess.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What has the woman overused probably
A. Butter. B. Eggs. C. Milk.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What kind of music does the band play
A. Pop music. B. Rock music. C. Country music.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What does the woman think of the man’s apartment
A. Beautiful. B. Old. C. Cheap.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分 15 分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. How can the woman’s moves be improved
A. They need to be faster. B. They need to be more skillful. C. They need to be more powerful.
7. What is the man doing
A. Competing with the woman. B. Learning from the woman. C. Teaching the woman.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. Why did the speakers get a good deal at the hotel
A. They came in the off season. B. They were regular visitors. C. They booked the room early.
9. How do the speakers sound at last
A. Worried. B. Excited. C. Calm.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
10. How did the man know the woman stayed up late last night
A. He was playing games for hours with her.
B. He received a friend request from her.
C. He saw the light in her room was on.
11. When will the woman and Penny meet
A. In a few weeks. B. In one week. C. In five days.
12. Where are the speakers probably
A. In a classroom. B. In a garden. C. In a bedroom.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
13. How does the man describe the woman
A. Rich. B. Average. C. Well-known.
14. What was the woman’s job in her twenties
A. An artist. B. A teacher. C. A shop owner.
15 How old is the woman now
A. 45. B. 65. C. 75.
16. What does the woman suggest doing at last
A. Eating something. B. Buying some paintings. C. Teaching the man to paint.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17. What is the talk mainly about
A. How to win an amazing competition.
B. How to get tickets for the park.
C. What to do in the park.
18. What can visitors do in the Space War Arena
A. Watch a show. B. Fight “bad guys”. C. Get free coffee.
19. What event will happen tonight
A. A race. B. A concert. C. A theater show.
20. Who is the speaker probably
A. A theme park worker. B. A hotel clerk. C. A café owner.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分 37. 5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
FAMOUS CHINESE PAINTINGS, ARTISTIC TREASURES
With thousands of years of continuous history, China is one of the most culturally unique nations. Over many centuries, Chinese artists have created paintings that are now in the hearts of more than a billion people.
Nymph of the Luo River—Gu Kaizhi
The legend has it that Cao Zhi, a prince of the state of Cao Wei, fell in love with the governor’s daughter. However, she married his brother, Cao Pi, and the prince became upset. Later, he composed an emotional poem about the love between the goddess and common people. In the 4th century, Gu Kaizhi, a Chinese artist, was moved by the story and illustrated the poem.
Court Ladies Adorning Their Hair with Flowers—Zhou Fang
During the Tang Dynasty, China had a prosperous economy and flourishing culture. In this period, the genre of “beautiful women painting” enjoyed popularity. Coming from a noble background, Zhou Fang, a Chinese artist, created artworks in this genre. In his painting, the ladies stand as though they are fashion models, but one of them is entertaining herself by teasing a cute dog.
Along the River During the Qingming Festival—Zhang Zeduan
Zhang Zeduan depicted the landscape in his work Along the River During the Qingming Festival. However, instead of concentrating on the vastness of nature, he captured the daily life of the people of Bianjing, present-day Kaifeng. His work shows much about life in the Northern Song Dynasty.
A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains—Wang Ximeng
Not only did officials and scholars enjoy listening to music, but they also found pleasure in depicting nature. One such painter was Wang Ximeng. He was a prodigy. Wang Ximeng painted A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains when he was only seventeen years old. He died several years later, but he left one of the largest and most beautiful paintings in Chinese history.
21. Where do you think this passage is taken from
A. A novel. B. A travel journal.
C A magazine. D. A book review.
22. What can we learn from this passage
A. Wang Ximeng created his masterpiece in his teens.
B. Nymph of the Luo River is a poem written by Cao Zhi.
C. Zhou Fang painted fashion models in his painting.
D. Zhang Zeduan’s painting describes daily life of officials.
23. Which is your best choice if you want to enjoy a painting with the beauty of nature
A. Nymph of the Luo River—Gu Kaizhi.
B. A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains—Wang Ximeng.
C. Court Ladies Adorning Their Hair with Flowers—Zhou Fang.
D. Along the River During the Qingming Festival—Zhang Zeduan.
B
The warm coast of California is a place where many western monarch butterflies(帝王蝶) stay during the cold winter months in the United States. Researchers fear the record low number of monarchs this year could mean the insects are in danger of disappearing in the near future.
Researchers from the Xerces Society said they found fewer than 2,000 orange-and-black butterflies in the yearly count this January. That number showed a big drop from the tens of thousands in recent years. In the 1980s, there were millions of them in trees from Northern California's Marin County to San Diego County near the Mexico border. Last winter, it recorded around 29,000 butterflies in its yearly survey. That was similar to the winter before,when an all-time low of 27,000 monarchs was counted.
Every winter, western monarch butterflies fly south from the northwestern U. S. to California. At the start of November, they arrive in California, often going to the same places and even the same trees. Once warmer weather arrives in March, the monarchs begin their journey back north, stopping somewhere along the route to lay eggs. After egg-laying, the adult butterflies die and the northward migration(迁徙)is continued by their new generations. Thus the monarch butterflies disperse across the country.
Scientists say there are several causes for the extremely low numbers of butterflies in the western states. Homebuilding and chemical use have destroyed milkweed (马利筋) plants along their migratory path. The plants are needed for monarch butterflies to grow and develop, which is the only food monarchs will eat and the only place they will lay their eggs on. Climate change influences the growth of wild plants. And huge wildfires in the west may also have influenced their migration.
Luckily, some public campaigns have encouraged people to plant milkweed in their yards and cities. People can also help scientists collect data, which is critical for developing conservation policies to protect monarchs. Then there are many larger—scale efforts to protect habitats and better manage land for reproduction.
24. How does the author develop paragraph 2
A. By listing figures. B. By making classifications.
C. By explaining definitions. D. By analyzing cause and effect.
25. What does the underlined word "disperse" in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Spread. B. Gather. C. Disappear. D. Hide.
26. Which word best describes monarch butterflies' relationship with milkweed
A. Independent. B. Inseparable. C. Unstable. D. Unfriendly.
27. What's the main idea of the last paragraph
A. Monarch butterflies' life habits.
B. Monarch butterflies' living habitats.
C. Threats to monarch butterflies' survival.
D. Efforts to preserve monarch butterflies.
C
Just as a hungry brain craves (渴望) food, a lonely brain craves people. A new brain study demonstrates this. After being left alone, it shows people's brains would be activated at the sight of other people. The action was in the same brain region that speeds up when a hungry person sees food.
Livia Tomova, a neuroscientist, who studies how the brain produces mental activities, and her colleagues began this study. They recruited (招募) 40 people. On one day, the participants had to fast—not eat anything at all—for 10 hours. On another day, the same people were placed in a room for 10 hours. They couldn't see anyone. No friends, no family and no social media. They weren't even allowed to check their email. After both days, Tomova and her colleagues put the people in a MRI machine. It shows activity in the brain by tracking how much blood is flowing to each region.
At the end of each day the participants showed high activity in a brain area called the midbrain. The scientists were interested in two, small areas within it. Both areas produce dopamine, a chemical that is important in craving and rewards. The two areas activated when hungry participants saw pictures of tasty pizza or juicy hamburgers. After the volunteers had been isolated, those brain areas became active when they saw social activities they missed. It might be playing sports or chatting with friends.
The midbrain plays an important part in people's motivation to seek food or friends. In fact, it responds to food and social signals even when people aren't hungry or lonely. But hunger and loneliness increased the reactions and made people's responses specific to the thing they were missing. And the more hunger or isolation the volunteers said they were experiencing, the stronger the activity in this part of the brain. Tomova and her colleagues published their results November 23 in Nature Neuroscience.
28. How does Tomova test out the result of the study
A. By stimulating desire. B. By controlling blood flow.
C. By monitoring brain activity. D. By examining mental activities.
29. What do we know about midbrain
A. It consists of two areas. B. It helps motivate desire for food.
C. It stops working when people are full. D. It decreases responses to lost friends.
30. What does the underlined “it” in paragraph 3 refer to
A. A midbrain area. B. A social activity. C. A volunteer. D. A hamburger.
31. What can be the best title for the text
A. Dopamine—a Sure Sign of Age B. Midbrain—a Nest for the Thoughts
C. Hunger Makes Mental Health Struggle D. Loneliness Makes Our Brains Need People
D
Public distrust of scientists stems in part from the blurring of boundaries between science and technology, between discovery and manufacture. Most governments, perhaps all governments, justify public expenditure on scientific research in terms of the economic benefits the scientific enterprise has brought in the past and will bring in the future. Politicians remind their voters of the splendid machines “our scientists” have invented, the new drugs to relieve old disorders, and the new surgical equipment and techniques by which previously unmanageable conditions may now be treated and lives saved. At the same time, the politicians demand of scientists that they tailor their research to “economics needs”, and that they award a higher priority to research proposals that are “near the market” and can be translated into the greatest return on investment in the shortest time. Dependent, as they are, on politicians for much of their funding, scientists have little choice but to comply. Like the rest of us, they are members of a society that rates the creation of wealth as the greatest possible good. Many have reservations, but keep them to themselves in what they perceive as a climate hostile to the pursuit of understanding for its own sake and the idea of an inquiring, creative spirit.
In such circumstances no one should be too hard on people who are suspicious of conflicts of interest. When we learn that the distinguished professor assuring us of the safety of a particular product holds a consultancy with the company making it, we cannot be blamed for wondering whether his fee might conceivably cloud his professional judgment. Even if the professor holds no consultancy with any firm, some people may still distrust him because of his association with those who do, or at least wonder about the source of some of his research funding.
This attitude can have damaging effects. It questions the integrity of individuals working in a profession that prizes intellectual honesty as the supreme virtue, and plays into the hands of those who would like to discredit scientists by representing them as corruptible. This makes it easier to dismiss all scientific pronouncements, but especially those made by the scientists who present themselves as “experts”. The scientist most likely to understand the safety of a nuclear reactor, for example, is a nuclear engineer, and a nuclear engineer is most likely to be employed by the nuclear industry. If a nuclear engineer declares that a reactor is unsafe, we believe him, because clearly it is not to his advantage to lie about it. If he tells us it is safe, on the other hand, we distrust him, because he may well be protecting the employer who pays his salary.
32. What is the chief concern of most governments when it comes to scientific research
A. The decline of public expenditure. B. Quick economic returns.
C. The budget for a research project. D. Support from the voters.
33. Why won’t scientists complain about the government’s policy concerning scientific research
A They realize they work in an environment hostile to the free pursuit of knowledge.
B. They know it takes incredible patience to win support from the public.
C. They think compliance with government policy is in the interests of the public.
D. They are accustomed to keeping their opinions secrets to themselves.
34. According to the author, people are suspicious of the professional judgment of scientists because ________.
A. some of them do not give priority to intellectual honesty
B. sometimes they hide the source of their research funding
C. they could be influenced by their association with the project concerned
D. their pronouncements often turn out to be short-sighted and absurd
35. Why does the author say that public distrust of scientists can have damaging effects
A. Scientists themselves may doubt the value of their research findings.
B. It may wear out the enthusiasm of scientists for independent research.
C. It makes things more trivial for scientists to seek research funds.
D. People will not believe scientists even when they tell the truth.
第二节（共5 小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Overnight, eating fried chicken in the People’s Square is OUT; instead, people started to drink HEEKCAA and eat Bao Master. This year, the queues in front of the doors of “Wanghong delicacies” were so dense that a cup of tea has been hyped to over 80 Yuan by scalpers (黄牛) and local bloggers even customized a one-day tour to eat in Shanghai.
To a great extent, Wanghong phenomenon depends on merchants’ business strategy. ____36____ Business also works on publicity. Before HEEKCAA’s arrival in Shanghai, it has advertised through microblog, local life service and other self-media, which has generated a certain amount of heat among the public. Once people make the purchase, the “sense of accomplishment” will urge some of them to show off at their Wechat moments, which is good for brand image. Also, when a product is quickly recognized by consumers, capitals will come in great numbers. The boost of capitals undoubtedly helps the subsequent publicity of the brand.
____37____ In the Internet era, the spread of information is so fast that it doesn’t matter whether the tea tastes good or bad; it’s just a matter of whether you ever drink it. There is a word for this behavior — “fomo”, which means fear of missing out. Oxford University professor said this is not new. As social animals, humans have a strong desire to be part of a group, to be accepted, recognized, valued and remembered. A little baby cries for a hug and a child makes small trouble to get noticed.____38____ It’s just that social media today that make it easier for people to perceive other people’s lives, and have a sense of loss not to join them when they know what others are doing.
10-20 Yuan is the exchange value of milk tea, but it’s the symbol value of the goods that encourages people to “pull the grass”. Just like the lipstick, mailbox and graffiti wall that have been on the list of Wanghong, people want to use relatively controllable spending to gain satisfaction from a moments’ thumb up. ____39____
With the development of society, consumers are not just buying a product but its brand culture and quality of life, so the appearance of light consuming is inevitable. However, “Wanghong economy” is always short-lived because this consumer group is changeable in affection. Consumers who come by “physical attractiveness” will quickly vanish if there is no implicit value or connotation to support.____40____Besides, consumers should make rational consumption instead of just following the trend.
A. Still, these cuisines hold strong appeal to young consumers as long as they are of high quality and good tastes.
B. After they buy the product and send a picture to the moments, perhaps their “existential anxiety” will be cured.
C. Merchants have to figure out the true value and selling point of their products.
D. It is just because people are too idle and “Wanghong delicacies” are too attractive.
E. Wanghong phenomenon also rests with customers’ mindset and behaviour.
F. It is obvious that queuing is a kind of hunger marketing strategy.
G. These behaviors are, in the eyes of sociologists, anxious for existence.
第三部分 语言运用（共一节，满分15分）
第一节 完形填空（共15题，每小题1分，满分 15 分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A star athlete stopped by my office and she was eaten up by self-criticism after committing a few errors during a weekend match. “I’m at peak ____41____ and I practise hard. How is this happening ” This student, like many I teach, believes she should be able to ____42____ the outcomes of her life by virtue of her hard work.
I study and write about resilience (复原力), and I’m noticing a(n)____43____ increase in students like this athlete. When they win, they feel powerful and smart. When they fall short of what they imagine they should ____44____, however, they are crushed by self-blame.
We talk often about young adults struggling with failure because their parents have protected them from ____45____. But there is something else at play among the most advantaged in particular: a ____46____ promise that they can achieve anything if they are willing to work for it.
Psychologists have sourced this phenomenon to a misapplication of “mind-set” research, which has found that praising children for ____47____ will increase academic performance. Developed by Stanford psychologist Carol Dweck, mind-set education has spread across classrooms worldwide. But a 2018 analysis found that while praising hard work over ability may benefit economically disadvantaged students, it does not ____48____ help everyone.
One possible explanation comes from Nina Kumar, who argued in a research paper last year that for teens in wealthy, pressure-cooker communities, “It is not a ____49____ of motivation and perseverance that is the big problem. _____50_____, it is unhealthy perfectionism and difficulty with backing off when they should, when the fierce drive for achievements is over the top.” This can _____51_____ physical and emotional stress. In a 2007 study, psychologists Gregory Miller determined that adolescent girls who refused to give up the _____52_____ goals showed elevated levels of CRP, a protein that serves as a marker of systemic inflammation (炎症) linked to diabetes, heart disease and other medical conditions.
The cruel reality is that you can do everything in your power and still fail. This knowledge comes early to underrepresented minorities whose experience of discrimination (歧视) and inequality teaches them to _____53_____ what is, for now, largely beyond their control to change. Yet for others, the belief that success is always within their grasp is a setup. Instead of allowing our kids to beat themselves up when things don’t go their way，we should all question a culture that has taught them that how they perform for others is more important than what _____54_____ inspires them and that where they go to college matters more than the kind of person they are. We should be wise to remind our kids that life has a way of disappointing us when we least _____55_____ it. It’s often the people who learn to say “stuff happens” who get up the fastest.
41. A. coolness B. fitness C. goodness D. readiness
42. A. control B. change C. adjust D. celebrate
43. A. amusing B. inspiring C. troubling D. touching
44. A. apply B. approve C. appreciate D. accomplish
45. A. disbelief B. disagreement C. discovery D. discomfort
46. A. bright B. false C. general D. flexible
47. A. virtue B. ability C. effort D. status
48. A. originally B. obviously C. necessarily D. regularly
49. A. choice B. command C. display D. lack
50. A. Instead B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. However
51. A. result from B. apply for C. associate with D. lead to
52. A. immoral B. impersonal C. impossible D. impolite
53. A. challenge B. accept C. assess D. inquire
54. A. plainly B. probably C. immediately D. actually
55. A. exhibit B. expect C. establish D. recognize
第四部分 语法知识（共10小题；每小题1分，满分12分）
阅读下列句子并用适当的动词形式填空。
56. All of the things mentioned can be found in the car trunks, with more goods yet __________(explore). (所给词的适当形式填空)
57. __________ (win) a precious gold at the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics was a dream coming true for Chinese athlete Xu Mengtao. (所给词的适当形式填空)
58. Extending arms and stepping on a surf skateboard with __________(bend) knees, young people slid back and forth across the gaming center. (所给词的适当形式填空)
59. ______________ (wait) in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. （所给词的适当形式填空）
60. Time __________ (permit), we’ll do another two exercises. (所给词的适当形式填空)
61. It’s better to prevent a problem from happening than __________(find) ways to solve it. (所给词的适当形式填空)
62. Arriving at the party hurriedly, we were disappointed to find that the band ________(stop) playing. (所给词的适当形式填空)
63. — Why not look at page 20 of your English book
— Ah, here the key is! I wonder why I __________ (think) of this. (所给词的适当形式填空)
64. The little boy is dirty all over because he ________ (play) in the mud all the morning. （所给词的适当形式填空）
65. — I’ve forgotten to post the letter for you.
— Well, in that case, I __________ (post) it myself. (所给词的适当形式填空)
66. When I arrived at the company, the manager __________ (go) away, so we had only time for a few words. (所给词的适当形式填空)
67. — May I speak to your manager Mr. Williams at five o’clock tonight
— I’m sorry Mr Williams __________ (go) to a conference long before then. (所给词的适当形式填空)
第五部分 短文填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Killer Rabbits
You’d never think of rabbits as dreadful, destructive creatures, would you Rabbits are cute and loveable. However, Australians discovered _____68_____ harm these cute creatures can do the hard way.
Rabbits were introduced to Australia in 1788 as food animals. By 1827, they were running around large estates, and in 1859, disaster struck. A man released 12 wild rabbits onto his property for hunting and he _____69_____ have thought that was harmless fun. But Australia has no predators (捕食者) _____70_____ (adapt) to killing rabbits and none of the diseases that kept their populations _____71_____ control in Europe. The loose rabbits bred like, well, rabbits, and began to take over the countryside. Within a few decades, there were millions. By 1950, there were 600 million rabbits in Australia.
Six hundred million hungry rabbits could do real harm. They caused more damage than any other species introduced to the continent. They ate native plant species _____72_____ they disappeared. They competed for food and shelter with native animals. They caused the extinction or endangerment of numerous plant and animal species. And they were a nightmare for cattle and sheep farmers, _____73_____ animals couldn’t get enough grass to eat and starved.
The rabbits did some good, of course. They provided food for poor families. They supported fur industries. But their impact on the environment and major livestock economy was too negative _____74_____ (ignore). People tried trapping them. They even built a huge wall against them. But _____75_____ (effective) weapon was a virus.
_____76_____ (test) multiple times, the deadly myxoma virus was released on Australia’s rabbits in 1950. The virus had been developed very carefully to affect only rabbits. Nearly 100 percent of the rabbits who caught the disease ______77______ (die). Populations fell. It was a huge success. Cattle and sheep farming recovered gradually, and threatened plants were better protected. Eventually, rabbits became resistant to the virus.
第六部分 课本基础知识（共两节，满分25分）
第一节 单词填空 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分 15 分）
阅读下列句子并根据所给的首字母用课本中适当的单词和形式填空。
78. Sometimes, it’s better to w__________ aimlessly when traveling to a foreign city for the first time. (根据首字母单词拼写)
79. Most authorities agree that play is an e________ part of a child’s development. （根据首字母单词拼写）
80. S__________ by his enthusiasm for the work, the boss decided to promote him to senior manager. (根据首字母单词拼写)
81. The great friendship and s__________ between the peoples of our two countries are unbreakable. (根据首字母单词拼写)
82. Having said she wasn’t hungry, she then p__________ to order a three course meal. (根据首字母单词拼写)
83. If one’s words are not c______ with his deeds, he would easily lose the trust of others. （根据首字母单词拼写）
84. Forget the r__________ rules if you want to create and sustain a love-filled relationship. (根据首字母单词拼写)
85. An underground organization has c__________ responsibility for the bomb explosion. (根据首字母单词拼写)
86. It is well known that the giraffe is c__________ by its very long neck. (根据首字母单词拼写)
87. Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase, she gave him a t__________ smile and let him go. (根据首字母单词拼写)
88. Artists were f__________ by photography because it offered a way of examining the world in much greater detail. (根据首字母单词拼写)
89. It is widely known that full time employees are e__________ to receive medical insurance. (根据首字母单词拼写)
90. The company has been c__________ to providing customers with high quality measuring instruments and cutting tools, thus establishing its good reputation. (根据首字母单词拼写)
91. Every care has been taken to ensure the a__________ of all information given in this leaflet. (根据首字母单词拼写)
92. The concert will be b__________ live to a worldwide television audience estimated at one billion. (根据首字母单词拼写)
第二节 词组填空（共10 小题；每小题1分，满分 10分）
阅读下列句子并根据所给的中文提示用适当的词组填空，一空一词。
93. It is recommended that students should discuss ideas, __________ __________ __________ (而不是) just copying from books. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
94. One of the keys to getting things done is __________ __________ (预留) time for the things you want to accomplish. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
95. Agriculture is __________ __________ (在衰落) in many Third World countries. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
96. His research has __________ __________ __________ (揭露，披露) new information that will help improve medical treatment. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
97. Officers felt their point of view was not __________ __________ __________ (被……理解) the generals. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
98. New tall buildings are __________ __________ (迅速出现) all over the city. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
99. It is said that infant formulas __________ __________ __________ (和……一样) breast milk nutritionally. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
100. In the West, artists and even television programs continue to __________ __________ __________ (突破极限, 拓宽界限) of “acceptability”. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
101. He __________ __________（增添乐趣） the lives of everyone he met, and was an inspiration to anyone considered different or unusual. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
102. He is studying hard __________ __________ __________ __________ (怀着……希望) being admitted to an engineering college. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
第七部分 作文（15分+3分）
103. 六月八日为联合国指定的世界海洋日，由于海洋污染越来越严重，假定你是校学生会的主席李华，请用英语为学校写一篇关于“保护海洋”的倡议信。
内容包括：
1. 海洋污染严重；
2. 保护海洋的重要性及措施；
3. 提出倡议。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear schoolmates,
I am Li Hua, Chairman of the students’ union.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua南京师大附中2022-2023 学年度第1学期
高二年级英语2月推送试卷
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 20分）
第一节（共5小题； 每小题1分，满分5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What did the man do yesterday
A. He saw a film. B. He played football. C. He watched a game.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: Did you watch the game yesterday
M: I wanted to, but Susan was watching a movie on TV, so I watched it with her. You know, she can't stand football.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What are the speakers doing
A. Sharing a secret. B. Making a plan. C. Playing chess.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: This game of chess will be over in three moves. I have a secret plan, which means I cannot lose!
W: No, the game will be over in one move...Look!
M: Oh no! You win! I didn’t see your queen behind my castle!
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What has the woman overused probably
A. Butter. B. Eggs. C. Milk.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: Keep turning the cake mixture until all the things have been a smooth, thick liquid.
W: There is something wrong with my mixture. I think I’ve put too much butter in it.
M: Add another egg and some milk, and we’ll see how that looks.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What kind of music does the band play
A. Pop music. B. Rock music. C. Country music.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: The band is in town! They are quite expensive, but shall we get some tickets
W: No, I don’t like their singing style. Rock just sounds too noisy for me. I prefer country and pop music.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What does the woman think of the man’s apartment
A. Beautiful. B. Old. C. Cheap.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: You’ve already furnished your apartment It looks so beautiful. You must have spent a lot of money on your furniture.
M: Not that much. I found some used furniture at a second-hand market. That was very cheap.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分 15 分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. How can the woman’s moves be improved
A. They need to be faster. B. They need to be more skillful. C. They need to be more powerful.
7. What is the man doing
A. Competing with the woman. B. Learning from the woman. C. Teaching the woman.
【答案】6. C 7. C
【解析】
【原文】M: Your moves are quick. It is good for the style of fighting we are learning, but you need to work on them.
W: In what way
M: For one thing, there needs to be more power. The other thing to work on is the way you form your fist.
W: How
M: Here, hold it like this.
W: Okay. Like this
M: Yes. Now practice again but put more power in this time. Yes! Excellent! You’ll soon be my star student!
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. Why did the speakers get a good deal at the hotel
A. They came in the off season. B. They were regular visitors. C. They booked the room early.
9. How do the speakers sound at last
A. Worried. B. Excited. C. Calm.
【答案】8. A 9. B
【解析】
【原文】W: This hotel is fantastic. I was worried because I thought it might be rubbish at such a low price.
M: We’re not visiting in the summer when it’s popular with tourists. That’s why it was such a fantastic deal.
W: Well, I don’t mind visiting in the off season. It’s pleasant enough to wander around the town and have dinner outside.
M: Shall we do that now
W: Actually, I thought we could spend the morning at the hotel gym. We could go into town after lunch.
M: Did I tell you that the hotel has an indoor pool as well
W: No way! Really Oh, then we’ll go for a swim as well! Afterwards, we could have a small breakfast and coffee at the hotel bar!
M: Sounds good to me. Happy anniversary!
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
10. How did the man know the woman stayed up late last night
A. He was playing games for hours with her.
B. He received a friend request from her.
C. He saw the light in her room was on.
11. When will the woman and Penny meet
A. In a few weeks. B. In one week. C. In five days.
12. Where are the speakers probably
A. In a classroom. B. In a garden. C. In a bedroom.
【答案】10. C 11. A 12. B
【解析】
【原文】W: Last night, an old friend got in touch with me. We haven’t seen each other for ages. She moved away five years ago, and we lost contact.
M: How did you find her again
W: On social media. Last night, I was on my phone when she sent over a friend request. I couldn’t believe it was her. I was so excited. We talked for hours.
M: So that’s why your light was still on when your mother and I went to bed
W: Yes. Anyway, we’ve arranged to meet up during the school holidays. Her aunt still lives in the area and she’s coming to visit her for a week. I cannot wait.
M: That is such lovely news. Summer vacation is only a few weeks away. I am very happy for you. What is her name
W: Penny. She was in my class when we were little.
M: I remember Penny! She used to come over for tea and you played games in this garden for hours! Her dad and I used to play in the same badminton team! Maybe I’ll get in touch with him too!
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
13. How does the man describe the woman
A. Rich. B. Average. C. Well-known.
14. What was the woman’s job in her twenties
A. An artist. B. A teacher. C. A shop owner.
15. How old is the woman now
A. 45. B. 65. C. 75.
16. What does the woman suggest doing at last
A. Eating something. B. Buying some paintings. C. Teaching the man to paint.
【答案】13. C 14. B 15. C 16. A
【解析】
【原文】M: I wish I was a famous artist like you, Grandma.
W: Oh, I’m not famous at all. I suppose a few people in the art community and perhaps a few from around town know me, but I wouldn’t call myself famous.
M: But you were on television, and you have a shop where people come and buy your paintings. And you’ve got a great deal of followers on the Internet. I think you are definitely famous, and you are certainly a great artist.
W: I’m an average artist who has suddenly become fashionable for whatever reason. I have no idea why people love my work now when they didn’t before.
M: What do you mean
W: I mean I have been painting all my life, but it’s only in the last few years that people have noticed my paintings and wanted to buy my work. During my twenties, I worked as a teacher. Then I stayed at home to raise your mother and your uncle up until I was forty-five.
M: Did you do much painting then
W: Oh yes, I never stopped. But it wasn’t until I retired that people started buying my work, and by then I was sixty-five!
M: So, you’ve only been famous for ten years
W: I suppose so, yes. . . Now, would you like an ice cream
M: Great. Thank you.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17. What is the talk mainly about
A. How to win an amazing competition.
B. How to get tickets for the park.
C. What to do in the park.
18. What can visitors do in the Space War Arena
A. Watch a show. B. Fight “bad guys”. C. Get free coffee.
19. What event will happen tonight
A. A race. B. A concert. C. A theater show.
20. Who is the speaker probably
A. A theme park worker. B. A hotel clerk. C. A café owner.
【答案】17. C 18. B 19. B 20. A
【解析】
【原文】Welcome to Molly Mouse Theme Park! You are very lucky to have won this amazing competition for you, your friends and family! The entire park has been closed to the public, meaning you all have complete access to all the rides you want for the weekend! Go upside down on the Big Wheel, race each other on our world-famous racetrack (赛道), or fight “bad guys” in the Space War Arena! Whatever you choose to do, you can do it as many times as you want! But the fun doesn't stop there! Choose from any of our bars and restaurants if you want something to eat, or if you want to simply relax with a coffee! You have all been given apartments in our five-star hotels. Plus, we have arranged some amazing shows for you, including a Taylor Swift concert tonight and a theater show tomorrow afternoon! Well, what are you waiting for Enjoy the theme park!
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分 37. 5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
FAMOUS CHINESE PAINTINGS, ARTISTIC TREASURES
With thousands of years of continuous history, China is one of the most culturally unique nations. Over many centuries, Chinese artists have created paintings that are now in the hearts of more than a billion people.
Nymph of the Luo River—Gu Kaizhi
The legend has it that Cao Zhi, a prince of the state of Cao Wei, fell in love with the governor’s daughter. However, she married his brother, Cao Pi, and the prince became upset. Later, he composed an emotional poem about the love between the goddess and common people. In the 4th century, Gu Kaizhi, a Chinese artist, was moved by the story and illustrated the poem.
Court Ladies Adorning Their Hair with Flowers—Zhou Fang
During the Tang Dynasty, China had a prosperous economy and flourishing culture. In this period, the genre of “beautiful women painting” enjoyed popularity. Coming from a noble background, Zhou Fang, a Chinese artist, created artworks in this genre. In his painting, the ladies stand as though they are fashion models, but one of them is entertaining herself by teasing a cute dog.
Along the River During the Qingming Festival—Zhang Zeduan
Zhang Zeduan depicted the landscape in his work Along the River During the Qingming Festival. However, instead of concentrating on the vastness of nature, he captured the daily life of the people of Bianjing, present-day Kaifeng. His work shows much about life in the Northern Song Dynasty.
A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains—Wang Ximeng
Not only did officials and scholars enjoy listening to music, but they also found pleasure in depicting nature. One such painter was Wang Ximeng. He was a prodigy. Wang Ximeng painted A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains when he was only seventeen years old. He died several years later, but he left one of the largest and most beautiful paintings in Chinese history.
21. Where do you think this passage is taken from
A. A novel. B. A travel journal.
C. A magazine. D. A book review.
22. What can we learn from this passage
A. Wang Ximeng created his masterpiece in his teens.
B. Nymph of the Luo River is a poem written by Cao Zhi.
C. Zhou Fang painted fashion models in his painting.
D. Zhang Zeduan’s painting describes daily life of officials.
23. Which is your best choice if you want to enjoy a painting with the beauty of nature
A. Nymph of the Luo River—Gu Kaizhi.
B. A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains—Wang Ximeng.
C. Court Ladies Adorning Their Hair with Flowers—Zhou Fang.
D. Along the River During the Qingming Festival—Zhang Zeduan.
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四幅中国知名画家的作品。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“With thousands of years of continuous history, China is one of the most culturally unique nations. Over many centuries, Chinese artists have created paintings that are now in the hearts of more than a billion people.(中国拥有数千年的连续历史，是世界上文化最独特的国家之一。几个世纪以来，中国艺术家创作的绘画作品如今在10亿多人心中流传。)”以及全文内容可知文章主要讲的是中国艺术家创作的绘画作品，所以文章最有可能出自一本和艺术相关的杂志。故选C项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章Nymph of the Luo River—Gu Kaizhi部分的“Later, Cao Zhi composed an emotional poem about the love between the goddess and common people.In the 4th century, Gu Kaizhi, a Chinese artist, was moved by the story and illustrated the poem.(后来，曹植写了一首关于女神和普通人之间爱情的感人的诗。公元4世纪，中国艺术家顾恺之被这个故事所感动，并为这首诗配了插图。)”可知Nymph of the Luo River实际上是由顾恺之根据曹植的《洛神赋》所配的一幅画，所以B不对；根据Court Ladies Adorning Their Hair with Flowers—Zhou Fang部分的“In his painting, the ladies stand as though they are fashion models, but one of them is entertaining herself by teasing a cute dog.(在他的画中，女士们站在那里，就像时装模特一样，但其中一人正在逗弄一只可爱的狗。)”可知Zhou Fang的画里面画的并不是时装模特，所以C不正确；根据Along the River During the Qingming Festival—Zhang Zeduan部分的“he captured the daily life of the people of Bianjing, present-day Kaifeng.(他描绘了汴京(今开封)人民的日常生活。)”可知Zhang Zeduan在《清明上河图》里面描述的并不是官员们的生活，而是普通老百姓的日常生活，所以D项不对；根据A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains—Wang Ximeng部分的“Wang Ximeng painted A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains when he was only seventeen years old. (王希孟十七岁时就画了《千里江山图》。)”，可知王希孟在十几岁时就完成了他的大作，所以A正确。故选A项。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains—Wang Ximeng部分的“Not only did officials and scholars enjoy listening to music, but they also found pleasure in depicting nature.(官员和学者不仅喜欢听音乐，他们也从描绘自然中找到乐趣。)”可知A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains—Wang Ximeng可以让官员们享受到大自然的美景，所以如果你想欣赏大自然的美景，可以选择这幅画。故选B项。
B
The warm coast of California is a place where many western monarch butterflies(帝王蝶) stay during the cold winter months in the United States. Researchers fear the record low number of monarchs this year could mean the insects are in danger of disappearing in the near future.
Researchers from the Xerces Society said they found fewer than 2,000 orange-and-black butterflies in the yearly count this January. That number showed a big drop from the tens of thousands in recent years. In the 1980s, there were millions of them in trees from Northern California's Marin County to San Diego County near the Mexico border. Last winter, it recorded around 29,000 butterflies in its yearly survey. That was similar to the winter before,when an all-time low of 27,000 monarchs was counted.
Every winter, western monarch butterflies fly south from the northwestern U. S. to California. At the start of November, they arrive in California, often going to the same places and even the same trees. Once warmer weather arrives in March, the monarchs begin their journey back north, stopping somewhere along the route to lay eggs. After egg-laying, the adult butterflies die and the northward migration(迁徙)is continued by their new generations. Thus the monarch butterflies disperse across the country.
Scientists say there are several causes for the extremely low numbers of butterflies in the western states. Homebuilding and chemical use have destroyed milkweed (马利筋) plants along their migratory path. The plants are needed for monarch butterflies to grow and develop, which is the only food monarchs will eat and the only place they will lay their eggs on. Climate change influences the growth of wild plants. And huge wildfires in the west may also have influenced their migration.
Luckily, some public campaigns have encouraged people to plant milkweed in their yards and cities. People can also help scientists collect data, which is critical for developing conservation policies to protect monarchs. Then there are many larger—scale efforts to protect habitats and better manage land for reproduction.
24. How does the author develop paragraph 2
A. By listing figures. B. By making classifications.
C. By explaining definitions. D. By analyzing cause and effect.
25. What does the underlined word "disperse" in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Spread. B. Gather. C. Disappear. D. Hide.
26. Which word best describes monarch butterflies' relationship with milkweed
A. Independent. B. Inseparable. C. Unstable. D. Unfriendly.
27. What's the main idea of the last paragraph
A. Monarch butterflies' life habits.
B. Monarch butterflies' living habitats.
C. Threats to monarch butterflies' survival.
D. Efforts to preserve monarch butterflies.
【答案】24. A 25. A 26. B 27. D
【解析】
【分析】本文为一篇说明文。帝王蝶的数量创历史新低，面临消失的风险。本文说明了帝王蝶的生活习性，介绍了影响其数量的原因和人们对于该物种的保护措施。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段关键句“Researchers from the Xerces Society said they found fewer than 2,000 orange-and-black butterflies in the yearly count this January.”（Xerces协会的研究人员表示，他们在今年1月的年度统计中发现不到2000只橙黑相间的蝴蝶）及 “Last winter, it recorded around 29,000 butterflies in its yearly survey. That was similar to the winter before,when an all-time low of 27,000 monarchs was counted.”（去年冬天，年度调查中记录了大约29,000只蝴蝶。这与之前的冬天相似，当时记录了27000只帝王蝶的历史最低点）及本段内容可知，作者通过列举数字来展开第二段。故选A项。
【25题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章第三段关键句“Every winter, western monarch butterflies fly south from the northwestern U. S. to California. At the start of November, they arrive in California, often going to the same places and even the same trees. Once warmer weather arrives in March, the monarchs begin their journey back north, stopping somewhere along the route to lay eggs. After egg-laying, the adult butterflies die and the northward migration is continued by their new generations. ”（每年冬天，西方帝王蝶都会从美国西北部向南飞到加利福尼亚。在11月初，它们到达加州，经常去相同的地方，甚至去相同的树上。 一旦三月份天气变暖，帝王蝶就开始向北迁徙，在途中的某个地方停下来产卵。 产卵后，成年蝴蝶死亡，然后由新一代继续向北迁徙）并结合“Thus”（因此）可知，帝王蝶通过转移，迁徙和产卵，分散到全国各地，故猜测disperse意为“分散，传播”，与spread意思相符。故选A项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段关键句“Homebuilding and chemical use have destroyed milkweed plants along their migratory path. The plants are needed for monarch butterflies to grow and develop,which is the only food monarchs will eat and the only place they will lay their eggs on.”（建造房屋和使用化学物质已经摧毁了迁移路径上的马利筋植物。这些植物是帝王蝶生长发育所必需的，是帝王蝶的食物，也是它们产卵的地方）可知，帝王蝶与马利筋植物的关系是密不可分的。故选B项。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段内容“Luckily, some public campaigns have encouraged people to plant milkweed in their yards and cities. People can also help scientists collect data, which is critical for developing conservation policies to protect monarchs. Then there are many larger—scale efforts to protect habitats and better manage land for reproduction.”（幸运是，一些公共活动鼓励人们在自家的院子和城市种植马利筋。人们还可以帮助科学家收集数据，这对制定保护帝王蝶的保护政策至关重要。 还有许多更大规模的努力来保护栖息地，更好地管理繁殖所需的土地）可知，本段描述了保护帝王蝶所做的努力。故选D项。
C
Just as a hungry brain craves (渴望) food, a lonely brain craves people. A new brain study demonstrates this. After being left alone, it shows people's brains would be activated at the sight of other people. The action was in the same brain region that speeds up when a hungry person sees food.
Livia Tomova, a neuroscientist, who studies how the brain produces mental activities, and her colleagues began this study. They recruited (招募) 40 people. On one day, the participants had to fast—not eat anything at all—for 10 hours. On another day, the same people were placed in a room for 10 hours. They couldn't see anyone. No friends, no family and no social media. They weren't even allowed to check their email. After both days, Tomova and her colleagues put the people in a MRI machine. It shows activity in the brain by tracking how much blood is flowing to each region.
At the end of each day, the participants showed high activity in a brain area called the midbrain. The scientists were interested in two, small areas within it. Both areas produce dopamine, a chemical that is important in craving and rewards. The two areas activated when hungry participants saw pictures of tasty pizza or juicy hamburgers. After the volunteers had been isolated, those brain areas became active when they saw social activities they missed. It might be playing sports or chatting with friends.
The midbrain plays an important part in people's motivation to seek food or friends. In fact, it responds to food and social signals even when people aren't hungry or lonely. But hunger and loneliness increased the reactions and made people's responses specific to the thing they were missing. And the more hunger or isolation the volunteers said they were experiencing, the stronger the activity in this part of the brain. Tomova and her colleagues published their results November 23 in Nature Neuroscience.
28. How does Tomova test out the result of the study
A. By stimulating desire. B. By controlling blood flow.
C. By monitoring brain activity. D. By examining mental activities.
29. What do we know about midbrain
A. It consists of two areas. B. It helps motivate desire for food.
C. It stops working when people are full. D. It decreases responses to lost friends.
30. What does the underlined “it” in paragraph 3 refer to
A. A midbrain area. B. A social activity. C. A volunteer. D. A hamburger.
31. What can be the best title for the text
A. Dopamine—a Sure Sign of Age B. Midbrain—a Nest for the Thoughts
C. Hunger Makes Mental Health Struggle D. Loneliness Makes Our Brains Need People
【答案】28. C 29. B 30. B 31. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文，介绍了Tomova和她的同事通过研究，发现“饥饿的大脑渴望食物和孤独的大脑渴望与人的交往”这一行为背后的大脑机制。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二自然段“After both days, Tomova and her colleagues put the people in a MRI machine. It shows activity in the brain by tracking how much blood is flowing to each region. (两天之后，Tomova和她的同事们对这些人进行了核磁共振检查。它通过追踪流向每个区域的血液量来显示大脑的活动)”可知，Tomova用核磁共振监测大脑活动的方式来进行研究。故选C项。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据四第自然段“The midbrain plays an important part in people's motivation to seek food or friends. (中脑在人们寻求食物或朋友的动机中扮演着重要的角色)”可知，中脑与人寻找食物的动机有关。故选B项。
【30题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三自然段“After the volunteers had been isolated, those brain areas became active when they saw social activities they missed. It might be playing sports or chatting with friends. (在志愿者被隔离后，当他们看到自己错过的社交活动时，这些大脑区域就会变得活跃。可能是做运动或和朋友聊天)”可知，代词It指代的是前文中让大脑会变得活跃的social activities之一。故选B项。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一自然段段首句“Just as a hungry brain craves (渴望) food, a lonely brain craves people. (就像饥饿的大脑渴望食物一样，孤独的大脑渴望人)”和下文的实验介绍与理论分析可知，本文主要讲，饥饿让大脑渴望食物，孤独让大脑渴望与人的交往这一人类行为和其背后的大脑机制。故选D项。
D
Public distrust of scientists stems in part from the blurring of boundaries between science and technology, between discovery and manufacture. Most governments, perhaps all governments, justify public expenditure on scientific research in terms of the economic benefits the scientific enterprise has brought in the past and will bring in the future. Politicians remind their voters of the splendid machines “our scientists” have invented, the new drugs to relieve old disorders, and the new surgical equipment and techniques by which previously unmanageable conditions may now be treated and lives saved. At the same time, the politicians demand of scientists that they tailor their research to “economics needs”, and that they award a higher priority to research proposals that are “near the market” and can be translated into the greatest return on investment in the shortest time. Dependent, as they are, on politicians for much of their funding, scientists have little choice but to comply. Like the rest of us, they are members of a society that rates the creation of wealth as the greatest possible good. Many have reservations, but keep them to themselves in what they perceive as a climate hostile to the pursuit of understanding for its own sake and the idea of an inquiring, creative spirit.
In such circumstances no one should be too hard on people who are suspicious of conflicts of interest. When we learn that the distinguished professor assuring us of the safety of a particular product holds a consultancy with the company making it, we cannot be blamed for wondering whether his fee might conceivably cloud his professional judgment. Even if the professor holds no consultancy with any firm, some people may still distrust him because of his association with those who do, or at least wonder about the source of some of his research funding.
This attitude can have damaging effects. It questions the integrity of individuals working in a profession that prizes intellectual honesty as the supreme virtue, and plays into the hands of those who would like to discredit scientists by representing them as corruptible. This makes it easier to dismiss all scientific pronouncements, but especially those made by the scientists who present themselves as “experts”. The scientist most likely to understand the safety of a nuclear reactor, for example, is a nuclear engineer, and a nuclear engineer is most likely to be employed by the nuclear industry. If a nuclear engineer declares that a reactor is unsafe, we believe him, because clearly it is not to his advantage to lie about it. If he tells us it is safe, on the other hand, we distrust him, because he may well be protecting the employer who pays his salary.
32. What is the chief concern of most governments when it comes to scientific research
A. The decline of public expenditure. B. Quick economic returns.
C. The budget for a research project. D. Support from the voters.
33. Why won’t scientists complain about the government’s policy concerning scientific research
A. They realize they work in an environment hostile to the free pursuit of knowledge.
B. They know it takes incredible patience to win support from the public.
C. They think compliance with government policy is in the interests of the public.
D. They are accustomed to keeping their opinions secrets to themselves.
34. According to the author, people are suspicious of the professional judgment of scientists because ________.
A. some of them do not give priority to intellectual honesty
B. sometimes they hide the source of their research funding
C. they could be influenced by their association with the project concerned
D. their pronouncements often turn out to be short-sighted and absurd
35. Why does the author say that public distrust of scientists can have damaging effects
A. Scientists themselves may doubt the value of their research findings.
B. It may wear out the enthusiasm of scientists for independent research.
C. It makes things more trivial for scientists to seek research funds.
D. People will not believe scientists even when they tell the truth.
【答案】32. B 33. A 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。公众对科学家的不信任在一定程度上源于科学与技术、发现与制造之间界限的模糊。大多数政府，也许是所有政府，从科学事业过去和将来所带来的经济利益的角度来为科学研究的公共并支辩护。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Most governments, perhaps all governments, justify public expenditure on scientific research in terms of the economic benefits the scientific enterprise has brought in the past and will bring in the future.(大多数政府，也许是所有政府，都以科学事业在过去和将来所带来的经济效益来证明在科学研究上的公共支出是合理的)”可知，说到科学研究，大多数政府最关心的是快速的经济回报。故选B项
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Many have reservations, but keep them to themselves in what they perceive as a climate hostile to the pursuit of understanding for its own sake and the idea of an inquiring, creative spirit.(许多人有保留意见，但在他们看来，在一种不利于追求理解本身和探究、创造精神的气氛中，他们把这些意见保留了下来)”可知，科学家们不抱怨政府的科研政策是因为他们意识到他们在一个不利于自由追求知识的环境中工作。故选A项。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Even if the professor holds no consultancy with any firm, some people may still distrust him because of his association with those who do, or at least wonder about the source of some of his research funding.(即使教授没有在任何公司担任顾问，一些人可能仍然不信任他，因为他与那些做顾问的人有联系，或者至少想知道他的一些研究资金的来源)”可知，根据作者的观点，人们怀疑科字家的专业判断，因为他们可能会受到与他们有相关项目的联系的影响。故选C项。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“This makes it easier to dismiss all scientific pronouncements, but especially those made by the scientists who present themselves as “experts”.(这使得人们更容易忽视所有的科学声明，尤其是那些以“专家”自居的科学家所发表的声明)”可知，作者说公众对科学家的不信任会产生破坏性的影响是因为即使科学家说的是事实，人们也不会相信。故选D项。
第二节（共5 小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Overnight, eating fried chicken in the People’s Square is OUT; instead, people started to drink HEEKCAA and eat Bao Master. This year, the queues in front of the doors of “Wanghong delicacies” were so dense that a cup of tea has been hyped to over 80 Yuan by scalpers (黄牛) and local bloggers even customized a one-day tour to eat in Shanghai.
To a great extent, Wanghong phenomenon depends on merchants’ business strategy. ____36____ Business also works on publicity. Before HEEKCAA’s arrival in Shanghai, it has advertised through microblog, local life service and other self-media, which has generated a certain amount of heat among the public. Once people make the purchase, the “sense of accomplishment” will urge some of them to show off at their Wechat moments, which is good for brand image. Also, when a product is quickly recognized by consumers, capitals will come in great numbers. The boost of capitals undoubtedly helps the subsequent publicity of the brand.
____37____ In the Internet era, the spread of information is so fast that it doesn’t matter whether the tea tastes good or bad; it’s just a matter of whether you ever drink it. There is a word for this behavior — “fomo”, which means fear of missing out. Oxford University professor said this is not new. As social animals, humans have a strong desire to be part of a group, to be accepted, recognized, valued and remembered. A little baby cries for a hug and a child makes small trouble to get noticed.____38____ It’s just that social media today that make it easier for people to perceive other people’s lives, and have a sense of loss not to join them when they know what others are doing.
10-20 Yuan is the exchange value of milk tea, but it’s the symbol value of the goods that encourages people to “pull the grass”. Just like the lipstick, mailbox and graffiti wall that have been on the list of Wanghong, people want to use relatively controllable spending to gain satisfaction from a moments’ thumb up. ____39____
With the development of society, consumers are not just buying a product but its brand culture and quality of life, so the appearance of light consuming is inevitable. However, “Wanghong economy” is always short-lived because this consumer group is changeable in affection. Consumers who come by “physical attractiveness” will quickly vanish if there is no implicit value or connotation to support.____40____Besides, consumers should make rational consumption instead of just following the trend.
A. Still, these cuisines hold strong appeal to young consumers as long as they are of high quality and good tastes.
B. After they buy the product and send a picture to the moments, perhaps their “existential anxiety” will be cured.
C. Merchants have to figure out the true value and selling point of their products.
D. It is just because people are too idle and “Wanghong delicacies” are too attractive.
E. Wanghong phenomenon also rests with customers’ mindset and behaviour.
F. It is obvious that queuing is a kind of hunger marketing strategy.
G. These behaviors are, in the eyes of sociologists, anxious for existence.
【答案】36. F 37. E 38. G 39. B 40. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，从商家和消费者的角度分析了网红产品的现象，并指出商家必须找出产品的真正价值和卖点，消费者也应该理性消费，不要盲目跟风。
【36题详解】
空前“To a great extent, Wanghong phenomenon depends on merchants’ business strategy.”（网红现象在很大程度上取决于商家的经营策略。）说网红产品现象在很大程度上取决于商家的经营策略，此处承接上文，讲的是这是一种什么样的营销策略，故F项（排队显然是一种饥饿营销策略）符合语境。故选F。
【37题详解】
上文从商家的角度分析了网红产品的现象，结合本段内容，特别是“In the Internet era, the spread of information is so fast that it doesn’t matter whether the tea tastes good or bad; it’s just a matter of whether you ever drink it.”（在互联网时代，信息的传播是如此之快，以至于茶的味道好坏并不重要，重要的只是你是否喝过它。）可知本段从消费者的角度分析了这一现象，故E项（网红现象也取决于顾客的心态和行为）符合语境。故选E。
【38题详解】
上文“A little baby cries for a hug and a child makes small trouble to get noticed.”（一个小宝宝哭着想要一个拥抱，而一个小孩子为了引起别人的注意制造了一些小麻烦。）讲述了普通人看到两个不同的个体在实现自己想要的目的上所用的方式也不同，因而空处应承接上文，讲述这些行为在专家的眼中是如何的。选项G.“在社会学家眼中，这些行为是渴望生存的。”符合题意，故选G。
【39题详解】
空前“Just like the lipstick, mailbox and graffiti wall that have been on the list of Wanghong, people want to use relatively controllable spending to gain satisfaction from a moments’ thumb up. ”（就像网红的唇膏、信箱和涂鸦墙一样，人们希望使用相对可控的消费来从大拇指点击的一瞬间获得满足感）所以此处承接这一话题，讲的是点击购买网红产品给他们带来的安慰感，故B项（在他们购买了产品并将照片发送到朋友圈后，他们的存在焦虑或许会得到治愈）符合语境。故选B。
【40题详解】
空前“Consumers who come by “physical attractiveness” will quickly vanish if there is no implicit value or connotation to support.”（如果没有隐含的价值或内涵来支撑，那些靠“外表吸引力”而来的消费者将很快消失），因而空处承接前文，说商家应该怎么做，故C项（商家必须找出产品的真正价值和卖点）符合语境。故选C。
第三部分 语言运用（共一节，满分15分）
第一节 完形填空（共15题，每小题1分，满分 15 分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A star athlete stopped by my office and she was eaten up by self-criticism after committing a few errors during a weekend match. “I’m at peak ____41____ and I practise hard. How is this happening ” This student, like many I teach, believes she should be able to ____42____ the outcomes of her life by virtue of her hard work.
I study and write about resilience (复原力), and I’m noticing a(n)____43____ increase in students like this athlete. When they win, they feel powerful and smart. When they fall short of what they imagine they should ____44____, however, they are crushed by self-blame.
We talk often about young adults struggling with failure because their parents have protected them from ____45____. But there is something else at play among the most advantaged in particular: a ____46____ promise that they can achieve anything if they are willing to work for it.
Psychologists have sourced this phenomenon to a misapplication of “mind-set” research, which has found that praising children for ____47____ will increase academic performance. Developed by Stanford psychologist Carol Dweck, mind-set education has spread across classrooms worldwide. But a 2018 analysis found that while praising hard work over ability may benefit economically disadvantaged students, it does not ____48____ help everyone.
One possible explanation comes from Nina Kumar, who argued in a research paper last year that for teens in wealthy, pressure-cooker communities, “It is not a ____49____ of motivation and perseverance that is the big problem. _____50_____, it is unhealthy perfectionism and difficulty with backing off when they should, when the fierce drive for achievements is over the top.” This can _____51_____ physical and emotional stress. In a 2007 study, psychologists Gregory Miller determined that adolescent girls who refused to give up the _____52_____ goals showed elevated levels of CRP, a protein that serves as a marker of systemic inflammation (炎症) linked to diabetes, heart disease and other medical conditions.
The cruel reality is that you can do everything in your power and still fail. This knowledge comes early to underrepresented minorities whose experience of discrimination (歧视) and inequality teaches them to _____53_____ what is, for now, largely beyond their control to change. Yet for others, the belief that success is always within their grasp is a setup. Instead of allowing our kids to beat themselves up when things don’t go their way，we should all question a culture that has taught them that how they perform for others is more important than what _____54_____ inspires them and that where they go to college matters more than the kind of person they are. We should be wise to remind our kids that life has a way of disappointing us when we least _____55_____ it. It’s often the people who learn to say “stuff happens” who get up the fastest.
41. A. coolness B. fitness C. goodness D. readiness
42. A. control B. change C. adjust D. celebrate
43. A. amusing B. inspiring C. troubling D. touching
44. A. apply B. approve C. appreciate D. accomplish
45. A. disbelief B. disagreement C. discovery D. discomfort
46. A. bright B. false C. general D. flexible
47. A. virtue B. ability C. effort D. status
48. A. originally B. obviously C. necessarily D. regularly
49. A. choice B. command C. display D. lack
50 A. Instead B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. However
51. A. result from B. apply for C. associate with D. lead to
52. A. immoral B. impersonal C. impossible D. impolite
53. A. challenge B. accept C. assess D. inquire
54. A. plainly B. probably C. immediately D. actually
55. A. exhibit B. expect C. establish D. recognize
【答案】41. B 42. A 43. C 44. D 45. D 46. B 47. C 48. C 49. D 50. A 51. D 52. C 53. B 54. D 55. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，由一个明星运动员在比赛中犯错而自责不已的故事引出了这样一种现象——现在很多孩子秉承一种不健康的完美主义，认为付出努力就应该得到好的结果，这使他们对成就的追求超过了自己的极限并很难在应该放弃的时候放手，从而导致身体和精神上的双重压力，我们需要提醒孩子生活总是在我们最不经意的时候让我们失望。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我正处于最佳状态，我努力训练。这是怎么回事？A. coolness冷静；B. fitness健康、恰当；C. goodness善良；D. readiness愿意。空前说这个运动员是明星运动员，因此她应该是处于最佳的状态，她不明白自己为何还会在比赛中犯错误，故B项正确。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个学生，和我教的很多学生一样，相信她应该能够通过努力训练来控制生活的结果。A. control控制；B. change改变；C. adjust调整；D. celebrate庆祝。上文说这个明星运动员处于最佳的状态，她对自己在比赛中犯错自责不已，言外之意，她认为自己努力训练就应该会得到好的结果，因此她相信通过自己的努力训练，她能够控制生活的结果，故A项正确。
【43题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我研究并撰写了关于适应力的文章，我注意到，像这位运动员这样的学生人数出现了令人不安的增长。A. amusing逗乐的；B. inspiring鼓舞人心的；C. troubling令人不安的；D. touching感人的。像这位运动员这样的学生人数的增长是令人不安的，故C项正确。
44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，当他们没有达到他们想象的目标时，他们就会自责。A. apply应用；B. approve批准；C. appreciate欣赏；D. accomplish实现、达到。空前说当他们赢了的时候，他们会觉得自己很强大，很聪明，此处与之形成对比，说的是没有实现目标的时候他们的心态，故D项正确。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们经常谈论年轻人在失败中挣扎，因为他们的父母保护他们免受不适。A. disbelief怀疑；B. disagreement不一致；C. discovery发现；D. discomfort不适、不安。根据空前的“their parents have protected them from”可知，这些在失败中挣扎的年轻人的父母保护他们免受不适，故D项正确。
【46题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但在最有优势的人当中，还有一些事情在起作用：如果他们愿意为之努力，他们就能实现任何目标的错误承诺。A. bright明亮的；B. false错误的、虚假的；C. general普遍的；D. flexible灵活的。根据上文提到的那个明星运动员的例子可知，认为凭借努力就能实现目标的想法是错误的，故B项正确。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：心理学家将这一现象归因于“思维定势”研究的误用，研究发现，表扬孩子的努力会提高学习成绩。A. virtue美德；B. ability能力；C. effort努力；D. status地位。上文说的那个明星运动员认为凭借努力就应该实现目标，因此此处指“表扬孩子的努力”，故C项正确。
【48题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：但2018年的一项分析发现，虽然赞扬努力学习胜过能力可能会使经济条件差的学生受益，但不一定对每个人都有帮助。A. originally最初；B. obviously明显地；C. necessarily必要地、必定地；D. regularly有规律地。根据空前表示让步的while可知，赞扬努力学习胜过能力不一定对每个人都有帮助，故C项正确。
【49题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一种可能的解释来自妮娜·库马尔，她在去年的一篇研究论文中指出，对于生活在富裕高压社区的青少年来说，最大的问题不是缺乏动力和毅力。A. choice选择；B. command命令；C. display显示；D. lack缺乏。根据空后的“of motivation and perseverance that is the big problem”可知，对于富裕设区的青少年来说最大的问题不是缺乏动力和毅力，故D项正确。
【50题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，是一种不健康的完美主义，当对成就的强烈追求超过了极限时，他们很难在应该放弃的时候放手。A. instead相反；B. Otherwise否则；C. Therefore因此；D. However然而。空前说对于富裕设区的青少年来说最大的问题不是缺乏动力和毅力，此处指出真正的问题所在，用instead引出，故A项正确。
【51题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这会导致身体和精神上的压力。A. result from起因于；B. apply for申请；C. associate with与……联系在一起；D. lead to导致、引起。上文说最大的问题是不健康的完美主义，此处说的是它的危害，即：会导致身体和精神上的双重压力，故D项正确。
【52题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在2007年的一项研究中，心理学家格雷戈里·米勒发现，拒绝放弃不可能实现的目标的少女体内CRP水平升高，CRP是一种蛋白质，可以作为与糖尿病、心脏病和其他疾病相关的全身炎症的标志。A. immoral不道德的；B. impersonal客观的；C. impossible不可能的；D. impolite不礼貌的。上文说当对成就的强烈追求超过了极限时，不健康的完美主义让人们很难在应该放弃的时候放手，这说明它让人拒绝放弃不可能实现的目标，故C项正确。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们遭受歧视和不平等的经历教会他们接受那些目前在很大程度上超出他们控制范围的改变。A. challenge挑战；B. accept接受；C. assess评定；D. inquire询问。根据空前的“experience of discrimination (歧视) and inequality teaches them”可知，他们遭受歧视和不平等的经历教会他们接受那些在很大程度上超出他们控制范围的改变，故B项正确。
【54题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这种文化教会了他们在别人面前的表现如何实际上比真正激励他们的东西更重要，他们在哪里上大学比他们是什么样的人更重要。A. plainly坦率地；B. probably可能地；C. immediately立即；D. actually实际上。根据空前的“we should all question a culture that has taught them that how they perform for others is more important than what”可知，我们都应该质疑这样一种文化——成功总是在他们掌控之中，这种文化教会了他们在别人面前的表现如何实际上比真正激励他们的东西更重要，故D项正确。
【55题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们应该明智地提醒我们的孩子，生活总是在我们最不经意的时候让我们失望。A. exhibit展览；B. expect期望、预料；C. establish 建立；D. recognize认出。根据空前的“life has a way of disappointing us when we least”可知，我们应该提醒孩子生活总是在我们最不经意的时候让我们失望，故B项正确。
【点睛】在完形填空的解题过程中，空前上下文出现的表示转折、因果、让步关系的词语往往是重要线索，例如本篇第8空，根据空前的“while praising hard work over ability may benefit economically disadvantaged students”可知，赞扬努力学习胜过能力可能会使经济条件差的学生受益，特别是根据while表示让步关系可知，因此说的是虽然赞扬努力学习胜过能力可能会使经济条件差的学生受益，但不一定对每个人都有帮助，故C项（necessarily）正确。
第四部分 语法知识（共10小题；每小题1分，满分12分）
阅读下列句子并用适当的动词形式填空。
56. All of the things mentioned can be found in the car trunks, with more goods yet __________(explore). (所给词适当形式填空)
【答案】to be explored
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：所有提到的东西都可以在汽车后备箱里找到，还有更多的货物有待探索。with构成复合结构，goods意思为：货物，与explore之间是被动关系，结合句意和yet可知，此处表示“等待被探索”，表示将来用不定式的被动语态作宾补。故填to be explored。
57. __________ (win) a precious gold at the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics was a dream coming true for Chinese athlete Xu Mengtao. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Winning
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在2022年北京冬奥会上赢得一枚珍贵的金牌，对中国运动员徐梦涛来说是梦想成真。“(win) a precious gold at the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics”作主语，动词win用动名词形式winning，句首单词首字母大写。故填Winning。
58. Extending arms and stepping on a surf skateboard with __________(bend) knees, young people slid back and forth across the gaming center. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】bent
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：年轻人伸开双臂，弯曲膝盖踩在冲浪滑板上，在游戏中心来回滑动。分析句子可知，空处用形容词作定语修饰knees，bend对应的形容词为bent，意思为：弯曲的。故填bent。
59. ______________ (wait) in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】Having waited
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：排了半个小时的队后，老人突然意识到他把支票忘在车里了。动词wait和逻辑主语“the old man”之间是主动关系，且wait表示的动作发生在谓语动词“realized”之前，此处应用现在分词的完成式作状语，故填Having waited。
60. Time __________ (permit), we’ll do another two exercises. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】permitting
【解析】
【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意：时间允许的话，我们再做两个练习。观察句子可知，空处作句子的条件状语，Time为permit的逻辑主语，此处time与permit构成主动关系，用现在分词形式构成独立主格结构Time permitting。故填permitting。
61. It’s better to prevent a problem from happening than __________(find) ways to solve it. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to find
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：与其想办法解决问题，不如防止问题的发生。it作形式主语，than前后为并列结构作主语，根据to prevent可知，空处也用不定式to find。故填to find。
62. Arriving at the party hurriedly, we were disappointed to find that the band ________(stop) playing. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】had stopped
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：我们匆忙赶到晚会，却失望地发现乐队已经停止了演奏。
“we were disappointed”是一般过去时；“the band _______(stop) playing”发生在主句动作“we were disappointed”之前，是过去的过去，应该用过去完成时。故填had stopped。
63. — Why not look at page 20 of your English book
— Ah, here the key is! I wonder why I __________ (think) of this. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】didn’t think
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：—为什么不看看你的英语书的第20页呢？—啊，钥匙在这儿！我想知道为什么我没有想到这一点。分析句子可知，空处缺少谓语，结合Ah, here the key is!及I wonder可知，空处描述过去的事情，表示“刚才没有想到”用一般过去时，结合句意，此处表示否定。故填didn’t think。
64. The little boy is dirty all over because he ________ (play) in the mud all the morning. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】has been playing
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：这个小男孩全身都脏了，因为他整个上午都在泥里玩。结合语境和时间状语all the morning可知，此处谓语动词应用现在完成进行时（have/has been doing），表示动作从某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，或者刚刚终止，或者可能仍然要继续下去，主语he为第三人称单数。故填has been playing。
65. — I’ve forgotten to post the letter for you.
— Well, in that case, I __________ (post) it myself. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】will post
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：—我忘了替你寄信了。—-好吧，那样的话，我就自己寄了。分析句子可知，空处缺少谓语，结合句意，此处表示将自己寄信，用一般将来时。故填will post。
66. When I arrived at the company, the manager __________ (go) away, so we had only time for a few words. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】was going
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型和主谓一致。句意：当我到达公司时，经理正要离开，所以我们只有时间说几句话。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，结合“When I arrived at the company”可推知，此处用固定句型be doing…when…表示“正在做……，就在这时……”，空处应用过去进行时，且主语the manager为单数，be动词应用was。故填was going。
67. — May I speak to your manager Mr. Williams at five o’clock tonight
— I’m sorry Mr Williams __________ (go) to a conference long before then. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】will have gone
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：—今晚5点我可以和你们经理威廉姆斯先生讲话吗？—很抱歉，威廉姆斯先生在那之前早就去开会了。分析句子可知，空处缺少动词时态，结合at five o’clock tonight和long before then可知，此处表示到将来的时间点之前已经完成的动作，用将来完成时，构成will have done结构。故填will have gone。
第五部分 短文填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Killer Rabbits
You’d never think of rabbits as dreadful, destructive creatures, would you Rabbits are cute and loveable. However, Australians discovered _____68_____ harm these cute creatures can do the hard way.
Rabbits were introduced to Australia in 1788 as food animals. By 1827, they were running around large estates, and in 1859, disaster struck. A man released 12 wild rabbits onto his property for hunting and he _____69_____ have thought that was harmless fun. But Australia has no predators (捕食者) _____70_____ (adapt) to killing rabbits and none of the diseases that kept their populations _____71_____ control in Europe. The loose rabbits bred like, well, rabbits, and began to take over the countryside. Within a few decades, there were millions. By 1950, there were 600 million rabbits in Australia.
Six hundred million hungry rabbits could do real harm. They caused more damage than any other species introduced to the continent. They ate native plant species _____72_____ they disappeared. They competed for food and shelter with native animals. They caused the extinction or endangerment of numerous plant and animal species. And they were a nightmare for cattle and sheep farmers, _____73_____ animals couldn’t get enough grass to eat and starved.
The rabbits did some good, of course. They provided food for poor families. They supported fur industries. But their impact on the environment and major livestock economy was too negative _____74_____ (ignore). People tried trapping them. They even built a huge wall against them. But _____75_____ (effective) weapon was a virus.
_____76_____ (test) multiple times, the deadly myxoma virus was released on Australia’s rabbits in 1950. The virus had been developed very carefully to affect only rabbits. Nearly 100 percent of the rabbits who caught the disease ______77______ (die). Populations fell. It was a huge success. Cattle and sheep farming recovered gradually, and threatened plants were better protected. Eventually, rabbits became resistant to the virus.
【答案】68. what
69. must 70. adapted
71. under 72. until
73. whose 74. to be ignored
75. the most effective
76. Having been tested
77. died
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了兔子对澳大利亚的环境和畜牧业造成的影响以及当地的应对措施。
【68题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：然而，澳大利亚人发现了这些可爱的生物会造成什么伤害。分析句子可知，设空处引导宾语从句，“_____1_____ harm”作动词do的宾语，空处修饰名词harm，表示“什么样的”，应用what引导。故填what。
【69题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：一名男子放了12只野兔到他的土地上打猎，他一定认为这是无害的乐趣。must have done 表示对过去事情最有把握的肯定推测，表示“一定……，肯定……”，设空处填情态动词must。故填 must。
【70题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，澳大利亚没有适合猎杀兔子的捕食者，也没有使兔子数量在欧洲得到控制的疾病。be adapted to doing 表示“适应做某事”，此处去掉be作后置定语修饰名词predators。故填adapted。
【71题详解】
考查介词。句意：但是，澳大利亚没有适合猎杀兔子的捕食者，也没有使兔子数量在欧洲得到控制的疾病。短语under control“处于控制之下”符合句意，设空处填介词under。故填 under。
【72题详解】
考查连词。句意：它们吃当地的植物物种，直到这些植物消失。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导时间状语从句they disappeared，表示“直到”，用连词until。故填 until。
【73题详解】
考查非限制性定语从句。句意：对于养牛养羊的农民来说，这是一场噩梦，他们的动物得不到足够的草吃，饿死了。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，设空处作定语修饰名词animals，animals与先行词 farmers 之间是所属关系，从句用表示所有格的关系代词whose“……的”引导。故填 whose。
【74题详解】
考查不定式被动语态。句意：但它们对环境和主要畜牧业经济的影响太消极了，不容忽视。句子结构分析可知，此句为too… to…结构，表示“太……而不能”，设空处填动词不定式，句子主语their impact与动词ignore之间是逻辑上的被动关系，设空处应填动词不定式的被动语态to be ignored。故填 to be ignored。
【75题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：但最有效的武器是病毒。根据上文“People tried trapping them. They even built a huge wall against them.”以及下文“Nearly 100 percent of the rabbits who caught the disease _____10_____ (die).”可知，所有措施中病毒是最有效的武器，设空处作定语修饰名词weapon，应填形容词最高级the most effective表示“最有效的”。故填 the most effective。
【76题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：经过多次测试，这种致命的黏液瘤病毒于1950年被释放到澳大利亚的兔子身上。分析句子可知，设空处应用非谓语动词作状语，主语the deadly myxoma virus和动词test之间是逻辑上的被动关系，根据“multiple times”以及句意可知，test这一动作发生在谓语动词was released之前，设空处填动词test现在分词完成式的被动语态having been tested，设空处置于句首，首字母大写。故填Having been tested。
【77题详解】
考查时态。句意：感染这种疾病的兔子几乎100%都死了。设空处在句中作谓语，根据从句“who caught the disease”可知此句陈述的事情发生在过去，应该用一般过去时，设空处填die的过去式died。故填 died。
第六部分 课本基础知识（共两节，满分25分）
第一节 单词填空 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分 15 分）
阅读下列句子并根据所给的首字母用课本中适当的单词和形式填空。
78. Sometimes, it’s better to w__________ aimlessly when traveling to a foreign city for the first time. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】wander##ander
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：有时候，第一次去外国城市旅行，漫无目的地闲逛会更好。根据空格前的不定式符号to可知，空格处应填动词原形，根据首字母和句意“闲逛”是wander。故填wander。
79. Most authorities agree that play is an e________ part of a child’s development. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】essential##ssential
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：大多数权威人士都同意游戏是儿童发展一个必不可少的组成部分。根据首字母和句意提示可知，此处应填入形容词essential(必不可少的)作定语，修饰part，故填essential。
80. S__________ by his enthusiasm for the work, the boss decided to promote him to senior manager. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】Struck##truck
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：老板被他对工作的热情所打动，决定提升他为高级经理。分析句子可知，空处缺少非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语the boss与strike构成逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词struck。故填Struck。
81. The great friendship and s__________ between the peoples of our two countries are unbreakable. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】solidarity##olidarity
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：两国人民之间的伟大友谊和团结坚不可摧。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应用名词solidarity，作主语，不可数。故填solidarity。
82. Having said she wasn’t hungry, she then p__________ to order a three course meal. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】proceeded##roceeded
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：她说她不饿，然后点了一份三道菜的餐。空格处作谓语，根据句意可知，描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，根据首字母和句意是动词proceed。故填proceeded。
83. If one’s words are not c______ with his deeds, he would easily lose the trust of others. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】 consistent##onsistent
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：如果一个人言行不一，他就很容易失去别人的信任。be consistent with与……一致。根据首字母提示及句意，故填consistent。
84. Forget the r__________ rules if you want to create and sustain a love-filled relationship. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】rigid##igid
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：如果你想创造和维持一段充满爱的关系，就忘掉那些死板的规则吧。空处作修饰rules的定语，结合“Forget”和首字母提示可推知，形容词rigid“死板的，僵化的”符合题意，表示“忘掉那些死板的规则”。故填rigid。
85. An underground organization has c__________ responsibility for the bomb explosion. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】claimed##laimed
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：一个地下组织声称对这次爆炸负责。根据“responsibility for”和首字母提示可知，空处应用动词claim，意为“声称，宣称”，固定短语claim responsibility for意为“宣称对……负责”，结合has可知，时态为现在完成时。故填claimed。
86. It is well known that the giraffe is c__________ by its very long neck. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】characterized##characterised##haracterized##haracterised
【解析】
【详解】考查动词语态。句意：众所周知，长颈鹿的特点是它的脖子很长。动词characterize意为“是……的特征”，其被动语态be characterized by“……的特点在于，……的特点是”符合句意，设空处填过去分词characterized/characterised。
87. Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase, she gave him a t__________ smile and let him go. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】tolerant##olerant
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：她没有责怪那个打碎花瓶的孩子，而是宽容地笑了笑，让他走了。空格处单词修饰名词smile，结合句意和首字母提示，用形容词tolerant作定语，意为“宽容的”。故填tolerant。
88. Artists were f__________ by photography because it offered a way of examining the world in much greater detail. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】fascinated##ascinated
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：艺术家们着迷于摄影，因为它提供了一种更详细地观察世界的方式。根据空格前的系动词were 可知，空格处应填形容词作表语，结合首字母和汉语提示“着迷的”是fascinated。故填fascinated。
89. It is widely known that full time employees are e__________ to receive medical insurance. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】entitled##ntitled
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和语态。句意：众所周知，全职雇员有权享受医疗保险。动词entitle的固定搭配entitle sb to sth意为“使某人享有……权利”，其被动语态be entitled to sth“有权享有……”符合句意，设空处应填过去分词entitled，构成一般现在时的被动语态。故填entitled。
90. The company has been c__________ to providing customers with high quality measuring instruments and cutting tools, thus establishing its good reputation. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】committed##ommitted
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：公司一直致力于为客户提供高品质的测量仪器和刀具，从而建立了良好的信誉。结合句意和首字母c可知，此处为be committed to，意思为：致力于，后接动名词作宾语。故填committed。
91. Every care has been taken to ensure the a__________ of all information given in this leaflet. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】accuracy##ccuracy
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们已尽力确保本小册子所载资料的准确性。根据“of all information”和首字母提示可知，空处应用名词accuracy，意为“准确（性）”，为不可数名词，作ensure的宾语。故填accuracy。
92. The concert will be b__________ live to a worldwide television audience estimated at one billion. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】broadcast##roadcast##broadcasted##roadcasted
【解析】
【详解】考查被动语态。句意：这场音乐会将向全球估计有十亿的电视观众进行现场直播。根据下文“live to a worldwide television audience”可推理出空白处应填表示“播送”含义的表达，根据首字母提示，以b开头且表示“播送”含义的词为：broadcast，分析句子结构，本句使用了一般将来时的被动语态，空白处填过去分词，因动词broadcast的过去分词为broadcast/broadcasted，故填broadcast/broadcasted。
第二节 词组填空（共10 小题；每小题1分，满分 10分）
阅读下列句子并根据所给的中文提示用适当的词组填空，一空一词。
93. It is recommended that students should discuss ideas, __________ __________ __________ (而不是) just copying from books. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. as ②. opposed ③. to
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：建议学生们讨论自己的想法，而不是照抄课本。结合所给空数可知，“而不是”应用固定短语为as opposed to，用于表示与某事物相对立或相对比的另一事物。故填as opposed to。
94. One of the keys to getting things done is __________ __________ (预留) time for the things you want to accomplish. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. setting##putting ②. aside
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：完成任务的关键之一是为你想要完成的事情留出时间。“预留”用动词短语set aside或put aside表示，作表语，用动名词形式。故填setting/putting；aside。
95. Agriculture is __________ __________ (在衰落) in many Third World countries. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. in ②. decline
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语。句意：在许多第三世界国家，农业正在衰退。分析句子可知，空处缺少表语，表示“在衰落”，用介词短语in decline。故填①in，②decline。
96. His research has __________ __________ __________ (揭露，披露) new information that will help improve medical treatment. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. brought ②. to ③. light
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和动词语态。句意：他的研究揭示了有助于改善医疗的新信息。根据汉语提示“揭露；披露”，用bring to light，与主语research是主动关系，空前有has，故用现在完成时。故填brought to light。
97. Officers felt their point of view was not __________ __________ __________ (被……理解) the generals. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. getting ②. across ③. to
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：军官们感到将军们没有理解他们的观点。空格处和was not一起作谓语，根据汉语提示“被.……理解”是动词短语get across to，根据句意应用过去进行时。故空格1填getting；空格2填across；空格3填to。
98. New tall buildings are __________ __________ (迅速出现) all over the city. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. springing ②. up
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语和时态。句意：新的高楼大厦如雨后春笋般在整个城市拔地而起。根据汉语提示以及句意可知应填动词短语spring up，主语New tall buildings与动词短语spring up之间为主动关系，由空前的are以及句意可知此句为现在进行时，动词spring应用现在分词形式springing。故填①springing；②up。
99. It is said that infant formulas __________ __________ __________ (和……一样) breast milk nutritionally. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. are ②. identical ③. to##with
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和短语。句意：据说婴儿配方奶粉的营养成分与母乳相同。表示“和……一样”可以用be identical to/with，主语为复数，时态为一般现在时，be动词用are。故填①are，②identical，③to/with。
100. In the West, artists and even television programs continue to __________ __________ __________ (突破极限, 拓宽界限) of “acceptability”. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. push ②. the ③. boundaries
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：在西方，艺术家甚至电视节目都在不断突破“可接受性”的界限。continue to do为固定搭配，意为“继续做某事”，空格处应填动词原形，根据汉语提示“突破极限, 拓宽界限”是固定短语push the boundaries。故填①push ②the ③boundaries。
101. He __________ __________（增添乐趣） the lives of everyone he met, and was an inspiration to anyone considered different or unusual. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. brightened ②. up
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：他给他遇到的每一个人的生活增添乐趣，激励了任何被认为不同或与众不同的人。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“增添乐趣”应用brighten up，为固定搭配，在本句中作谓语，且这里时态应与后文保持一致，用一般过去时。故填brightened up。
102. He is studying hard __________ __________ __________ __________ (怀着……的希望) being admitted to an engineering college. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. in ②. the ③. hope ④. of
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语。句意：他正在努力学习，希望能被一所工程学院录取。根据汉语提示可知短语为in the hope of，故填in the hope of。
第七部分 作文（15分+3分）
103. 六月八日为联合国指定的世界海洋日，由于海洋污染越来越严重，假定你是校学生会的主席李华，请用英语为学校写一篇关于“保护海洋”的倡议信。
内容包括：
1. 海洋污染严重；
2. 保护海洋的重要性及措施；
3. 提出倡议。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear schoolmates,
I am Li Hua, Chairman of the students’ union.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear schoolmates,
I am Li Hua, Chairman of the students’ union. The UN officially named June 8th as World Oceans Day, aiming to arouse public awareness of protecting oceans, as the sea pollution is becoming more and more serious. I advocate we contribute our bit to the ocean preservation.
There is no denying that ocean preservation is of great significance. For one thing, the oceans provide us with abundant resources. For another, they are crucial to the global climate. Thus, we cannot shrink from our responsibility. First, do what we can to make a difference. Furthermore, appeal to people around us to take action as well.
Let’s make joint efforts to help clean up the oceans.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生为学校写一篇关于“保护海洋”的倡议信。
【详解】1.词汇积累
唤起……的意识：arou

展开更多......

收起↑